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nth Roots of Complex Numbers Explained

1. This document provides a lesson on finding the nth roots of complex numbers. It introduces nth roots, provides examples of finding square and cube roots, and includes an engagement section with practice problems. 2. The development section explains that the nth root of a complex number z = r(cosθ + i sinθ) is √r(cos(θ/n + 2kπ/n) + i sin(θ/n + 2kπ/n)), where k = 0, 1, 2, ..., n-1. 3. Examples are provided to find the square roots of 2i and the cube roots of -2 - 2i√3 to illustrate how to apply the formula

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49 views7 pages

nth Roots of Complex Numbers Explained

1. This document provides a lesson on finding the nth roots of complex numbers. It introduces nth roots, provides examples of finding square and cube roots, and includes an engagement section with practice problems. 2. The development section explains that the nth root of a complex number z = r(cosθ + i sinθ) is √r(cos(θ/n + 2kπ/n) + i sin(θ/n + 2kπ/n)), where k = 0, 1, 2, ..., n-1. 3. Examples are provided to find the square roots of 2i and the cube roots of -2 - 2i√3 to illustrate how to apply the formula

Uploaded by

loloij bgnh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IVA-CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LIPA CITY, BATANGAS
Grade: 11
Semester: First Semester
Elective Subject Title: Complex Numbers

Lesson 9: nth distinct roots of a Complex


Numbers
Introduction
In this contextualized learner’s material, you will learn how to represent
complex numbers.
After completing this activity, you will be able to:
• Find the n distinct roots of a complex numbers

Pre-assessment

Directions: Read and analyze the statements, write the letter of the correct
answer. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1. Find one of the three cube roots in polar form: √8𝑖 .


3

a. 2i b. 2cis(30°) c. 2cis(90°) d. 2cis(100°)

2. Find the 2 square roots of 4(cos 60° + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛60°)


a. 2(cis 30° b. 2(cis 10°) c. 2(cis 210°) d. 2(cis 20°)

3. Find the fourth roots of 81i


a. 3cis(292.5°) b. 3cis(292°) c. 2(cis 1.18) d. 1.148-2.772i

Good job! You have finished answering the Pre-Assessment. You may request your
subject teacher to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL


#611, B. Morada St., Brgy. Uno, Lipa City, Batangas 4217
E-Mail Addresslipacityscienceinhs@[Link]
Contact Number: 043-403- 2786
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IVA-CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LIPA CITY, BATANGAS

Development

nth Roots
We have explored all of the basic operations of arithmetic as they apply to
complex numbers in standard form and in polar form. The last discovery is that of
taking roots of complex numbers in polar form. Using De Moivre’s Theorem we
can develop another general rule –one for finding the nth root of a complex
number written in polar form.

1
𝜃
From this derivation, we can conclude that 𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑠 or 𝑠 𝑛 = 𝑟 and 𝛼 = .
𝑛
𝑛
Therefore, for any integer k(0,1, 2,…n−1), v is an 𝑛𝑡ℎ root of 𝑧 if 𝑠 = √𝑟 and 𝛼 =
𝜃+2𝑘
. Therefore, the general rule for finding the 𝑛𝑡ℎ roots of a complex number
𝑛
𝜃+2𝜋𝑘 𝜃+2𝜋𝑘
), where k=0, 1,2, 3, ..., n-1.
𝑛
if 𝑧 = 𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) is: √𝑟 (cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑛 𝑛
2𝑘 𝜃
We add 𝑡𝑜 in order to obtain the periodic roots. Let’s begin with a simple
𝑛 𝑛
example and we will leave θ in degrees.

LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL


#611, B. Morada St., Brgy. Uno, Lipa City, Batangas 4217
E-Mail Addresslipacityscienceinhs@[Link]
Contact Number: 043-403- 2786
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IVA-CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LIPA CITY, BATANGAS
Example 1: Find the two square roots of 2i.

Solution: Express 2i in polar form.


𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 cos 𝜃 = 0
2
𝑟 = √0 + 2 2 𝜃 = 90°
𝑟 = √4 = 2

1 1 90° 90°
2𝑖 2 = 22 (cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) = √2 (cos 45° + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 45°) = 1 + 𝑖
2 2

To find the other root, add 360∘ to θ

1 1 450° 450°
2𝑖 2 = 22 (cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) = √2 (cos 225° + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 225°) = −1 − 𝑖
2 2

Example 2: Find the three cube roots of −2 − 2𝑖√3

Solution: Express −2 − 2𝑖√3 in polar form:


−2√3
𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 tan 𝜃 =
−2
4𝜋
𝑟 = √(−2)2 + (−2√3)2 𝜃= 3
𝑟 = √16 = 4

𝑛 𝜃+2𝜋𝑘 𝜃+2𝜋𝑘
√𝑟(cos 𝑛
+ 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑛
),

4𝜋 4𝜋
3 + 2𝜋𝑘 + 2𝜋𝑘
√−2 − 2𝑖√3 = √4 (cos 3 3
+ 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 ) , k = 0, 1, 2
3 3

To find the roots


3 4𝜋 0 4𝜋 0 3 4𝜋 4𝜋
𝑧1 = √4 (cos( + ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + ) = √4 (cos( ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) , 𝑘 = 0
9 3 9 3 9 9

LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL


#611, B. Morada St., Brgy. Uno, Lipa City, Batangas 4217
E-Mail Addresslipacityscienceinhs@[Link]
Contact Number: 043-403- 2786
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IVA-CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LIPA CITY, BATANGAS
3 4𝜋 2𝜋 4𝜋 2𝜋 3 10𝜋 10𝜋
𝑧2 = √4 (cos( + ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + ) = √4 (cos( ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) ,𝑘 = 1
9 3 9 3 9 9

3 4𝜋 4𝜋 4𝜋 4𝜋 3 16𝜋 16𝜋
𝑧3 = √4 (cos( + ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + ) = √4 (cos( ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) ,𝑘 = 2
9 3 9 3 9 9

In standard form:

z1 = 0.276 + 1.563i,

z2 = −1.492 − 0.543i,

z3 =1.216 −1.02i.

Engagement

Try it!
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅
1. Evaluate the cube roots of 𝒛 = 𝟖(𝒄𝒐𝒔( 𝟑 ) + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏( 𝟑 )).

LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL


#611, B. Morada St., Brgy. Uno, Lipa City, Batangas 4217
E-Mail Addresslipacityscienceinhs@[Link]
Contact Number: 043-403- 2786
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IVA-CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LIPA CITY, BATANGAS
1
2𝜋 2𝜋
Ans. 𝑧 3 = 2 (cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )@ 𝑘=0
9 9

1
8𝜋 8𝜋
𝑧 3 = 2 (cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )@ 𝑘=1
9 9

1
14𝜋 14𝜋
𝑧 3 = 2 (cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )@ 𝑘 = 2
9 9

2. Find the four fourth roots of 𝟏𝟔(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟐𝟎° + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟐𝟎°).

LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL


#611, B. Morada St., Brgy. Uno, Lipa City, Batangas 4217
E-Mail Addresslipacityscienceinhs@[Link]
Contact Number: 043-403- 2786
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IVA-CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LIPA CITY, BATANGAS
Answer 𝒛𝟎 = 2(cos 30° + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛30°)@ 𝑘 = 0

𝒛𝟏 = 2(cos 120° + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛120°)@ 𝑘 = 1

𝒛𝟐 = 2(cos 210° + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛210°)@ 𝑘 = 2

𝒛𝟑 = 2(cos 300° + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛300°)@ 𝑘 = 3

Assessment

Direction: For the following exercises, evaluate each root.

1. Find √27𝑖
3

2. Evaluate the cube root of z when z = 64 cis (210°).


𝟑𝝅
3. Evaluate the square root of z when z = 25 cis ( 𝟐 ).

1
4. Find the principal root of (1 + 𝑖)5 . Remember the principal root is the
positive root i.e. √9 = ±3, so the principal root is +3.
2

5. Find the fourth roots of 81i .

LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL


#611, B. Morada St., Brgy. Uno, Lipa City, Batangas 4217
E-Mail Addresslipacityscienceinhs@[Link]
Contact Number: 043-403- 2786
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IVA-CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LIPA CITY, BATANGAS

References
6.5: De Moivre's and the nth Root Theorem. (2021, May 14). Retrieved from
[Link]:
[Link]
y/06%3A_The_Polar_System/6.05%3A_De_Moivre's_and_the_nth_Root_Theorem

[Link]. (2014, December 17). Retrieved from 6.7 De Moivre’s Theorem and the
nth Root Theorems: [Link]
edition/section/6.7/

LIPA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL


#611, B. Morada St., Brgy. Uno, Lipa City, Batangas 4217
E-Mail Addresslipacityscienceinhs@[Link]
Contact Number: 043-403- 2786

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