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Digestive System Anatomy & Functions

The digestive system breaks down food into usable components and expels waste, involving various organs and processes such as ingestion, digestion, and defecation. Key terms include bolus, chyme, and peristalsis, which describe the forms and movements of food through the digestive tract. Accessory organs like the liver and pancreas play crucial roles in digestion and nutrient absorption.

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Eliezer Nuenay
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13 views1 page

Digestive System Anatomy & Functions

The digestive system breaks down food into usable components and expels waste, involving various organs and processes such as ingestion, digestion, and defecation. Key terms include bolus, chyme, and peristalsis, which describe the forms and movements of food through the digestive tract. Accessory organs like the liver and pancreas play crucial roles in digestion and nutrient absorption.

Uploaded by

Eliezer Nuenay
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Anatomy & Physiology:

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM


 The digestive system breaks food down into proteins: synthesize DNA, transport materials, provide fibrous
structure, produce enzymes
usable components and expels waste.
rectum: organ located at the end of the large intestine where
solid waste is stored before excretion
Terms
saliva: fluid released in the mouth during mastication
accessory organs: provide additional functions to aid the
(chewing) with enzymes that begin breaking down food
digestive tract in the digestion and absorption of nutrients
small intestine: organ where the majority of digestion and
anus: opening of the rectum through which solid waste leaves
absorption occurs
the body
villi: structures with multiple folds that line the small intestine,
bile: substance that breaks down fat macronutrients
allowing maximum absorption of nutrients
bolus: the mass of partially digested food as it travels through
the esophagus into the stomach
Parts of the Digestive System
carbohydrates: provide energy to cells, form cell structures
chemical digestion: the alteration of food into different
substances Pharynx
chyme: the mixture of food and digestive juices that moves
from the stomach to the small intestine
colon: the longest part of the intestine, where water is Mouth
reabsorbed
defecation: the excretion of solid waste through the anus Tongue
digestion: the process of diffusing nutrients digested from the
food throughout the body for use in cellular respiration and
energy production Esophagus
digestive tract: the central tube through which food travels
esophagus: transports food from the throat to the stomach Liver

extracellular digestion: ingesting food at the mouth and


excreting it at the anus Gallbladder
Stomach
gallbladder: stores and concentrates bile to break down fat
macronutrients
ingestion: the process of taking in food Large
large intestine: organ where remaining water and nutrients intestine
Small
are absorbed; compacts and stores remaining waste material
intestine
until excretion
lipids: provide long-term storage, provide energy to cells
liver: produces bile; detoxifies digested toxins; extracts Rectum
nutrients from blood before it moves to other parts of the body
Anus
mechanical digestion: the physical breaking down of food
pancreas: produces chemicals to decrease small intestine
acidity and to break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
peristalsis: muscular contractions that produce waves to move
food from one point to another
pharynx (throat): moves food from the mouth to the
esophagus during swallowing

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