BS 8500-2:2015

BSI Standards Publication

Concrete – Complementary
British Standard to
BS EN 206
Part 2: Specification for constituent
materials and concrete
BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Publishing and copyright information

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
was last issued.
© The British Standards Institution 2015
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015
ISBN 978 0 580 84610 6
ICS 91.100.30
The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:
Committee reference B/517/1
Draft for comment 14/30291598 DC

Publication history
First published, February 2002
Second edition, November 2006
Third (present) edition, April 2015

Amendments issued since publication

Date Text affected
BRITISH STANDARD BS 8500-2:2015

Contents
Foreword iii
Introduction 1
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3
4 Complementary requirements for constituent materials 5
5 Complementary basic requirements for concrete 13
6 Designated concrete 14
7 Designed concrete 18
8 Prescribed concrete 20
9 Standardized prescribed concrete 20
10 Proprietary concrete 22
11 Delivery of fresh concrete 23
12 Conformity testing and conformity criteria 24
13 Production control 26
14 Transport of concrete 27
Annexes
Annex A (normative) Conformity procedure for combinations 28
Annex B (normative) Minimizing the risk of damaging alkali-silica reaction in
concrete 30
Annex C (informative) Example of the conformity procedure given in
Annex A 34
Annex D (informative) BS 8500 provisions linked to BS EN 206 requirements 37
Bibliography 40
List of figures
Figure C.1 – Determination of conformity limits for combinations 37
List of tables
Table 1 – General purpose cements and combinations 6
Table 2 – Requirements for coarse crushed concrete aggregate 8
Table 3 – Limitations on the use of coarse CCA 9
Table 4 – Requirements for coarse recycled aggregate 11
Table 5 – Method for determining the chloride content of constituent
materials 13
Table 6 – Requirements for designated concretes for general applications 16
Table 7 – Requirements for designated cement-bound concretes 17
Table 8 – Range of aggregate grading for cement-bound concrete 17
Table 9 – Limiting values of composition and properties for concrete where a
DC-class is specified 19
Table 10 – Mix proportions for standardized prescribed concretes using
class 32,5 cements and combinations 21
Table 11 – Mix proportions for volume batching of ST1, ST2 and ST3 22
Table 12 – Additional compressive strength classes to those given in
BS EN 206 24
Table 13 – Materials control for CCA 27
Table A.1 – Requirements for the compressive strength of combinations 28
Table B.1 – Proportion of declared mean alkali content of ggbs or fly ash to be
taken into account in the calculation of alkali content of concrete 31
Table B.2 – Reactivity of constituents of aggregates used in concrete in the
UK 32

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Table C.1 – Mass fraction of addition in combinations for strength testing 35

Table D.1 – Guidance on where to find BS 8500 provisions that cover
BS EN 206 requirements that defer to provisions in the place of use 38

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 40, an inside back cover and a back cover.

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BRITISH STANDARD BS 8500-2:2015

Foreword
Publishing information
This part of BS 8500 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence by the
British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 June 2015. It was
prepared by Working Group B/517/1/WG20, Specification drafting, under the
authority of Subcommittee B/517/1, Concrete production and testing, and
Technical Committee B/517, Concrete and related products. A list of
organizations represented on these committees can be obtained on request to
their secretary.
Supersession
BS 8500-2:2015 supersedes BS 8500-2:2006+A1:2012, which will be withdrawn on
30 June 2015.
Relationship with other publications
BS 8500 contains additional United Kingdom provisions to be used in
conjunction with BS EN 206. Together they form a complete package for the
specification, production and conformity of fresh concrete.
BS 8500 is published in two parts:
• Part 1, Method of specifying and guidance for the specifier;
• Part 2, Specification for constituent materials and concrete.
Information about this document
This is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principal
changes:
• changes necessary to align with the publication of BS EN 206:2013;
• changes resulting from new or revised European Standards published
since 2006;
• alignment with conformity assessment and accreditation policy in the United
Kingdom;
• introduction of designated cement-bound concrete;
• modification of requirements for concrete to resist freezing and thawing;
• corrections and minor clarifications;
• a new Annex (Annex D) has been added which sets out where to find the
BS 8500 provisions that cover BS EN 206 requirements that defer to
provisions in the place of use; and
• all references have been updated.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Hazard warnings

WARNING. Where skin is in contact with fresh concrete, skin irritations are
likely to occur owing to the alkaline nature of cement. The abrasive effects of
sand and aggregate in the concrete can aggravate the condition. Potential
effects range from dry skin, irritant contact dermatitis, to – in cases of
prolonged exposure – severe burns. Take precautions to avoid dry cement
entering the eyes, mouth and nose when mixing mortar or concrete by
wearing suitable protective clothing. Take care to prevent fresh concrete from
entering boots and use working methods that do not require personnel to
kneel in fresh concrete. Unlike heat burns, cement burns might not be felt
until some time after contact with fresh concrete, so there might be no
warning of damage occurring. If cement or concrete enters the eye,
immediately wash it out thoroughly with clean water and seek medical
treatment without delay. Wash wet concrete off the skin immediately. Barrier
creams may be used to supplement protective clothing but are not an
alternative means of protection.

Use of this document

It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that the
execution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified and
experienced people, for whose use it has been produced.
The requirement for third-party certification has been approved by the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee.
Presentational conventions
The provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its
requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is
“shall”.
Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in
smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.
Contractual and legal considerations
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
obligations.

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BRITISH STANDARD BS 8500-2:2015

Introduction
The requirements in this part of BS 8500 are given for defined materials with an
established or accepted adequate performance in the conditions found in the
United Kingdom. These requirements might not be appropriate for use in
exposure conditions different from the United Kingdom, particularly in hot
climates. The use of constituents not listed in this standard should be by
agreement between the producer and specifier on a case-by-case basis.
BS 8500 and BS EN 206 take account of the distinct and different technical
responsibilities of the specifier, producer and user. Where a body is responsible
for more than one of these roles, internal procedures within that body should
allocate responsibilities for the various actions.

1 Scope
This part of BS 8500 specifies constituent materials and concrete. This part of
BS 8500 complements BS EN 206. It provides United Kingdom national provisions
where required or permitted by BS EN 206. It also covers materials, methods of
testing and procedures that are outside the scope of BS EN 206, but within
national experience.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only
the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Standards publications
BS 812-104, Testing aggregates – Part 104: Method for qualitative and
quantitative petrographic examination of aggregates
BS 812-123, Testing aggregates – Part 123: Method for determination of
alkali-silica reactivity – Concrete prism method
BS 1704, Specification for solid-stem general purpose thermometers
BS 1881-124, Testing concrete – Part 124: Method for analysis of hardened
concrete
BS 1881-129, Testing concrete – Part 129: Method for determination of density
of partially compacted semi-dry fresh concrete
BS 6068-2.37, Water quality – Part 2: Physical, chemical and biochemical
methods – Section 2.37: Method for the determination of chloride via a silver
nitrate titration with chromate indicator (Mohr’s method)
BS 6068-2.42, Water quality – Part 2: Physical, chemical and biochemical
methods – Section 2.42: Determination of sodium and potassium: determination
of sodium by atomic absorption spectrometry
BS 6068-2.43, Water quality – Part 2: Physical, chemical and biochemical
methods – Section 2.43: Determination of sodium and potassium: determination
of potassium by atomic absorption spectrometry
BS 6068-2.44, Water quality – Part 2: Physical, chemical and biochemical
methods – Section 2.44: Determination of sodium and potassium: determination
of sodium and potassium by flame emission spectrometry
BS 7943, Guide to the interpretation of petrographical examinations for
alkali-silica reactivity
BS 7979, Specification for limestone fines for use with Portland cement

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

BS 8000-2.1, Workmanship on building sites – Part 2: Code of practice for

concrete work – Section 2.1: Mixing and transporting concrete
BS 8500-1:2015, Concrete – Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206 –
Part 1: Method of specifying and guidance for the specifier
BS EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement – Part 1: Determination of strength
BS EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement – Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement
BS EN 197-1:2011, Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity
criteria for common cements
BS EN 206:2013, Concrete – Specification, performance, production and
conformity
BS EN 450-1:2012, Fly ash for concrete – Part 1: Definitions, specifications and
conformity criteria
BS EN 480-1, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods – Part 1:
Reference concrete and reference mortar for testing
BS EN 480-10, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods –
Part 10: Determination of water soluble chloride content
BS EN 480-11, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods –
Part 11: Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete
BS EN 480-12, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods –
Part 12: Determination of the alkali content of admixtures
BS EN 933-11, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates – Part 11:
Classification test for the constituents of coarse recycled aggregates
BS EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete
admixtures – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
BS EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete – Specification for sampling, testing and
assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in
concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete
BS EN 1097-3, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates –
Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voids
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates – Part 1:
Chemical analysis
BS EN 12350-6, Testing fresh concrete – Part 6: Density
BS EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete – Part 2: Making and curing
specimens for strength testing
BS EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete – Part 3: Compressive strength of test
specimens
BS EN 12390-7, Testing hardened concrete – Part 7: Density of hardened concrete
BS EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete
BS EN 12878:2014, Pigments for the colouring of building materials based on
cement and/or lime – Specifications and methods of test
BS EN 13055-1, Lightweight aggregates – Part 1: Lightweight aggregates for
concrete, mortar and grout
BS EN 13263-1, Silica fume for concrete – Part 1: Definitions, requirements and
conformity criteria
BS EN 13286-51, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures – Part 51: Method
for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using
vibrating hammer compaction

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BS EN 14216, Cement – Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for

very low heat special cements
BS EN 15167-1, Ground granulated blastfurnace slag for use in concrete, mortar
and grout – Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
BS EN 45011, General requirements for bodies operating product certification
systems
BS EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems – Requirements
BS EN ISO/IEC 17021, Conformity assessment – Requirements for bodies providing
audit and certification of management systems (ISO/IEC 17021:2011)
Other publications
[N1]BRITISH CEMENT ASSOCIATION (BCA). Alkali–silica reaction – Testing
protocol for greywacke aggregates – Protocol of the BSI B/517/1/20 ad hoc
group on ASR. BCA: Crowthorne, Berkshire, 1999.

3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations

3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of BS 8500, the terms and definitions given in
BS EN 206 and BS 8500-1 and the following apply.
NOTE The definition of the term “site (construction site)” given in
BS EN 206:2013, [Link] may be taken to include any land immediately adjacent to
the contract specifically used for the purpose of setting up a batching plant.

3.1.1 cement-bound concrete

concrete suitable for vibrating plate compaction or roller compaction to a target
density
NOTE Cement-bound concrete that conforms to this British Standard is concrete
comprised of any cements or combination listed in Table 7, which have a maximum
size of aggregate of 20 mm or 40 mm, and where the aggregate conforms to the
grading shown in Table 8.

3.1.2 certified average alkali content

average of 25 consecutive determinations of alkali content carried out on spot
samples and expressed as the sodium oxide equivalent (Na2O eq.)

3.1.3 declared mean alkali content

alkali content expressed as the sodium oxide equivalent, which is not exceeded
without prior notice from the manufacturer
NOTE It is a certified average alkali content plus a margin that reflects the
manufacturer’s variability of production.

3.1.4 density of fresh concrete

mass of a quantity of compacted fresh concrete divided by its volume, expressed
in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3)
NOTE For the method of determining the density of fresh concrete,
see BS EN 12350-6. Compaction by the method described in BS EN 12350-6 is not
appropriate for semi-dry concretes. The method for determining the density of
partially compacted semi-dry concrete is described in BS 1881-129.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

3.1.5 general suitability

suitability of each constituent for its use in concrete
NOTE 1 This term is used in BS EN 206.
NOTE 2 Where general suitability is established for a constituent, this does not
indicate suitability in every intended use of the concrete and for every concrete
composition.

3.1.6 guaranteed alkali limit

alkali limit, expressed as the sodium oxide equivalent (Na2O eq.), which the
constituent material supplier guarantees is not exceeded by any test result on
any spot sample

3.1.7 lot
quantity of a material produced under conditions presumed uniform
NOTE After specified tests this quantity, as a whole, is regarded as conforming or
not conforming to the specified requirements.

3.1.8 production day

[Link] production day (for strength testing)

day on which 20 m3 or more of concrete from a family or a designed or
designated concrete outside of a family has been produced or day on which a
cumulative 20 m3 has been produced since the last production day or since
commencing production

[Link] production day (for air content testing)

day on which 50 m3 or more of concrete with a specified air content has been
produced or day on which a cumulative 50 m3 has been produced since the last
production day or since commencing production

3.1.9 production week

period of seven consecutive days comprising at least five production days or the
period taken to complete five production days, whichever is longer

3.1.10 time of loading

time of first contact between cement and aggregates or, where the aggregates
are surface dry, between cement and added water

3.1.11 product conformity certification

certification, based on product testing and surveillance, and approved by an
accredited third-party certification body in accordance with a documented
quality system
NOTE 1 Users of this part of BS 8500 are advised to consider the desirability of
quality system assessment and registration against BS EN ISO 9001 by an accredited
third-party certification body. Many certification bodies have this as a requirement of
their product conformity certification. Further information on the provisions for
assessment, surveillance and certification of production control can be found in
BS EN 206:2013, Annex C.
NOTE 2 Users seeking assistance in identifying appropriate conformity assessment
bodies or schemes may ask BSI to forward their enquiries to the relevant association.
NOTE 3 Attention is drawn to the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
policy document, Conformity assessment and accreditation policy [1].

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations

For the purposes of this part of BS 8500, the symbols and abbreviations given in
BS EN 206 and BS 8500-1 apply.

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4 Complementary requirements for constituent

materials
4.1 General
Constituent materials that conform to the relevant European Standards cited in
BS EN 206 or the relevant British Standards cited in this part of BS 8500 shall be
deemed to meet the requirement that they do not contain harmful ingredients
in such quantities as might be detrimental to the durability of the concrete or
cause corrosion of the reinforcement, provided that the concrete conforms to
any specified limits placed on it, e.g. chloride class.
Where types and classes of constituent materials are not detailed in the
specification, the producer shall select constituent materials for the specified
requirements.

4.2 Cement and combinations

Where cements and combinations have been specified using a broad
designation, the producer shall select one of the cements or combinations from
Table 1 for the specified designation. Where neither a DC-class nor a specific
cement or combination type is specified, the producer shall use one of the
cements or combinations from Table 1.
Other cements and combinations, e.g. Portland-composite cements (CEM II-M),
composite cements (CEM V), combinations of blended cements with an addition
or Portland cement with two or more additions, shall be used only when
specified or agreed with the specifier.

4.3 Aggregates
4.3.1 General suitability
General suitability is established for the following:
a) normal-weight and heavyweight aggregates conforming to BS EN 12620 and
the requirements specified in 4.3.2;
b) coarse crushed concrete aggregate (CCA) conforming to BS EN 12620 and
the requirements specified in 4.3.2 and 4.3.3;
NOTE 1 In previous editions of this standard and other guidance documents,
CCA was called recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).
c) granulated, including pelletized, blastfurnace slag and air-cooled
blastfurnace slag conforming to BS EN 12620 and the requirements specified
in 4.3.2 and 4.3.4;
d) lightweight aggregates conforming to BS EN 13055-1 and the requirements
specified in 4.3.2 and 4.3.5; and
e) reclaimed aggregate conforming to BS EN 206.
NOTE 2 Suitabililty is not established for coarse recycled aggregate (RA), fine RA or
fine CCA. There are some requirements for coarse RA set out in 4.3.6 but these are
not sufficient to form an adequate specification.
NOTE 3 When using the European Standards, the use of normal-weight and
heavyweight aggregates should follow the recommendations given in PD 6682-1.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Table 1 General purpose cements and combinations (1 of 2)

Type Notation Standard Broad Grouping

designation used in BRE
SD1:2005 [2]

Portland cement CEM I BS EN

CEM I 197-1A
Portland silica fume cement A) CEM II/A-D BS
IIA EN 197-1A
Portland limestone cement CEM II/A-L BS
IIA EN 197-1B B) or C B)
CEM II/A-LL BS
IIA EN 197-1B B) or C B)
Portland slag cements CEM II/A-S BS
IIA EN 197-1A
CEM II/B-S BS EN
IIB-S 197-1A
Portland fly ash cements CEM II/A-V BS
IIA EN 197-1A
CEM II/B-V BS EN
IIB-V 197-1A
CEM II/B-V+SR C) BS EN
IIB+SR 197-1D
Blastfurnace cements CEM III/A BS
IIIAEN 197-1A
CEM III/A+SR D) IIIA+SR D
CEM III/B
BS EN 197-1 IIIB A
CEM III/B+SR D) IIIB+SR F
Pozzolanic cement E) CEM IV/B(V)
BS EN 197-1 or IVB-V E
BS EN 14216
Sulfate-resisting Portland cement CEM I–SR 0 BS EN 197-1 CEM I-SR 0 G
CEM I-SR 3 CEM I-SR 3
Combinations conforming to Annex A manufactured in the concrete mixer from Portland cement and fly
ash, ggbs or limestone fines:
CEM I cement conforming to CIIA-V BS 8500-2, IIA A
BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 6% Annex A
to 20% of combination of fly ash
conforming to BS EN 450-1
CEM I cement conforming to CIIB-V BS 8500-2, IIB-V A
BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction CIIB-V+SR C) Annex A IIB+SR D
of 21% to 35% of combination of fly
ash conforming to BS EN 450-1
CEM I cement conforming to CIVB-V BS 8500-2, IVB-V E
BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction Annex A
of 36% to 55% of combination of fly
ash conforming to BS EN 450-1
CEM I cement conforming to CIIA-S BS 8500-2, IIA A
BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 6% Annex A
to 20% of combination of ggbs
conforming to BS EN 15167-1
CEM I cement conforming to CIIB-S BS 8500-2, IIB-S A
BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction Annex A
of 21% to 35% of combination of ggbs
conforming to BS EN 15167-1
CEM I cement conforming to CIIIA BS 8500-2, IIIA A
BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction CIIIA+SR D) Annex A IIIA+SR D
of 36% to 65% of combination of ggbs
conforming to BS EN 15167-1
CEM I cement conforming to CIIIB BS 8500-2, IIIB A
BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction CIIIB+SR D) Annex A IIIB+SR F
of 66% to 80% of combination of ggbs
conforming to BS EN 15167-1

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Table 1 General purpose cements and combinations (2 of 2)

Type Notation Standard Broad Grouping

designation used in BRE
SD1:2005 [2]

CEM I cement conforming to CIIA-L BS 8500-2, IIA B B) or C B)

BS EN 197-1 with a mass fraction of 6% CIIA-LL Annex A IIA BB) or C B)
to 20% of combination of limestone
fines conforming to BS 7979
A)
When IIA or IIA-D is specified, CEM I and silica fume may be combined in the concrete mixer using the k-value
concept; see BS EN 206-1:2013, [Link].3.
B)
The classification is B if the cement or combination strength is class 42,5 or higher and C if it is class 32,5.
C)
With a minimum proportion of fly ash of 25%.
D)
Where the alumina content of the slag exceeds 14%, the tricalcium aluminate content of the Portland cement
fraction shall not exceed 10%.
E)
CEM IV/A cement with siliceous fly ash should be classified as either CEM II/A-V (6%–20% siliceous fly ash) or
CEM II/B-V (21%–35% siliceous fly ash).

4.3.2 Requirements for aggregates

Where Dupper is specified, the producer shall supply concrete with a Dmax not
greater than Dupper.
NOTE 1 Where Dmax is specified, either in error or in accordance with previous
editions of this standard, then the producer is likely to assume Dmax equals Dupper
and that a Dlower has not been specified. In practical terms this means that specifying
Dmax in accordance with a previous version of this standard is the same as specifying
Dmax to this edition of the standard.
Where Dlower is specified, the producer shall supply concrete with a Dmax not less
than Dlower.
The aggregate drying shrinkage shall be not more than 0.075% when
determined in accordance with BS EN 12620, unless otherwise specified.
The Los Angeles coefficient category, as classified in BS EN 12620, of the
combined coarse aggregate, excluding lightweight aggregates, shall be the
category specified in the project specification; or where a category has not been
specified, it shall meet the requirements for LA40.
NOTE 2 Aggregates having Los Angeles coefficient values above 40 might also
perform satisfactorily in normal concrete, but their compressive strength
performance and, if the concrete is reinforced, shear strength performance should
be established in concrete trials before use.
Where freeze-thaw resisting normal-weight or heavyweight aggregates are
specified, the aggregate shall meet the requirements in BS EN 12620 for
magnesium sulfate soundness category MS25 for use in XF3 exposures and
magnesium sulfate soundness category MS18 for use in XF4 exposures, except for
porous flint aggregates. Porous flint aggregates shall be deemed to be suitable
for use if they have been used successfully in concrete that has been exposed to
freeze-thaw conditions for at least 10 years.

4.3.3 Coarse crushed concrete aggregate

Coarse crushed concrete aggregates (CCA) shall meet the requirements set out in
Table 2. These provisions shall apply to mixtures of crushed concrete and natural
coarse aggregates.
NOTE 1 In previous editions of this standard and other guidance documents, CCA
was called recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).

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Table 2 Requirements for coarse crushed concrete aggregateA)

Properties BS EN 12620 size or Description of

category category

Aggregate size d ≥ 4, D ≥ 10B) –

Maximum fines f4 ≤4% by mass of
particles passing
the 0.063 mm sieve
Maximum acid-soluble AS0,8 ≤0.08% by mass acid
sulphate (SO3) soluble sulfate
Content of: concrete, Rc90 ≥90% by mass
concrete products, mortar,
concrete masonry units
Content of: concrete, Rcu90 ≥90% by mass
concrete products, mortar,
concrete masonry units,
unbound aggregate, natural
stone, hydraulically bound
aggregate
Content of: clay masonry Rb10- ≤10% by mass
units (i.e. bricks and tiles),
calcium silicate masonry units,
aerated non-floating concrete
Content of bituminous Ra5- ≤10% by mass
materials
Content of other materials: XRg1- ≤1% by mass
Cohesive (i.e. clay and soil)
Miscellaneous metals, ferrous
and non-ferrous
Non floating wood, plastic
and rubber
Gypsum plaster and glass
Floating material by volume FL2- ≤2 cm3/kg
A)
Where the material to be used is obtained by crushing hardened concrete of known
composition that has not been in use, e.g. surplus precast units or returned fresh
concrete, and not contaminated by storage or processing, the only requirements are
for aggregate size, fines content, drying shrinkage and resistance to fragmentation.
B)
The designation accepts the presence of some particles which are retained on the
upper sieve (oversize) and some which pass the lower sieve (undersize). For single size
coarse aggregate with a specified maximum aggregate size of 40 mm, 20 mm, 14 mm
and 10 mm the BS EN 12620 aggregate sizes are 20/40, 10/20, 6.3/14 and 4/10
respectively.

When determining that the maximum chloride content of concrete containing

CCA, the chloride content of coarse CCA and its variability shall be established
and taken into account.
Except where permitted by the footnotes, coarse CCA shall not be used in
concrete with a strength class greater than the maximum specified in
Table 3 and shall be used only in the exposure classes specified in Table 3.
NOTE 2 The WRAP/EA Quality Protocol – Aggregates from inert waste [3] sets out
criteria for the production and use of aggregates from inert waste for various
applications including concrete.

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Table 3 Limitations on the use of coarse CCA

Type of aggregate Limitations on use

Maximum strength Exposure class B)
classA)
CCA C40/50 X0, XC1, XC2, XC3, XC4, XF1,
DC-1
A)
Material obtained by crushing hardened concrete of known composition that has not
been in use and not contaminated during storage and processing may be used in any
strength class.
B)
These aggregates may be used in other exposure classes provided it has been
demonstrated that the resulting concrete is suitable for the intended environment,
e.g. freeze-thaw resisting, sulfate-resisting.

4.3.4 Blastfurnace slag

Air-cooled blastfurnace slag aggregate shall meet the requirements specified in
BS EN 12620 for acid-soluble sulfate category AS1,0.

4.3.5 Lightweight aggregates, furnace bottom ash and fly ash

For lightweight aggregates specified in accordance with BS EN 13055-1, the
producer shall specify to the aggregate supplier the requirements for
lightweight aggregates given in this Clause, together with the following:
a) maximum aggregate size;
b) grading including tolerances; and
c) target loose bulk density.
Lightweight aggregates shall conform to the following requirements:
1) the acid-soluble sulfate content shall meet the requirements specified in
BS EN 12620 for acid-soluble sulfate category AS0,8; and
2) for furnace bottom ash or clinker, the loss-on-ignition shall be not more
than 10% when measured in accordance with BS EN 1744-1.
Where freeze-thaw resisting lightweight aggregates are specified, the producer
shall hold data demonstrating that the chosen lightweight aggregates produce
concrete with adequate freeze-thaw resistance.
NOTE 1 Freeze-thaw resistance is deemed to be adequate if the aggregates have a
successful track record of use for at least 10 years in similar or worse environments
with concrete of the quality specified or lower than the quality specified.
Where fine lightweight aggregate is to be used, the method of determination
of the water absorption shall be selected by the producer and documented. The
producer shall supply details of the test method to the specifier, if requested.
NOTE 2 There is no standard test method; the most appropriate technique depends
on the type of lightweight aggregate used. The specifier may require a different
method to be used.
NOTE 3 The method given in BS EN 1097-6 is not applicable to aggregates with
particle sizes less than 4 mm unless it is possible to surface-dry the aggregates
without losing particles.
NOTE 4 Fly ash and furnace bottom ash (FBA) produced from coal-fired power
generation are covered by the WRAP/EA Quality Protocol: Pulverised Fuel Ash
(PFA) [4], which describes bound and grout applications in construction and
manufacturing.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

4.3.6 Coarse recycled aggregate (RA)

Where coarse RA is specified, its use in concrete shall be assessed on a
case-by-case basis taking into account its specific composition. The minimum
requirements of coarse RA in accordance with BS EN 12620 shall be as given in
Table 4.
When determining the maximum chloride and alkali content of concrete
containing RA, the chloride and alkali content of coarse RA and its variability
shall be established and taken into account.
NOTE 1 Clean fine CCA is suitable for use in concrete. However, it is known that
some concrete elements have been coated with gypsum plaster, and on crushing
most of this gypsum plaster finishes in the fine CCA. This gypsum plaster is known to
increase the sulfate content, which in turn can increase the risk of delayed ettringite
formation (see BRE Information Paper IP11/01 [5]) and there are great difficulties in
detecting localized high volumes of sulfate. In addition there is no information on
possible stockpile segregation. For these reasons, the use of fine CCA is left to the
project specification, which can take account of the particular source of CCA.
NOTE 2 Some fine RA might also be suitable for use in concrete, but because of the
wide range of composition and lack of detailed information, generic requirements
cannot be given at present. The comment in Note 1 on gypsum in fine CCA also
applies to some sources of fine RA.

4.4 Additions
4.4.1 General
General suitability as a Type II addition is established for the following:
a) fly ash conforming to BS EN 450-1;
b) silica fume conforming to BS EN 13263-1;
c) ggbs conforming to BS EN 15167-1; and
d) metakaolin with an appropriate Agrément Certificate. 1)
General suitability as a Type I addition is established for the following:
1) filler aggregate conforming to BS EN 12620 or BS EN 13055-1; and
2) pigments conforming to BS EN 12878:2014, Category B.
General suitability of limestone fines conforming to BS 7979 is established for
use in combinations conforming to Annex A.
NOTE Pigments conforming to BS EN 12878 and containing chloride may be used
for unreinforced concrete.
Additions may be used as a constituent of concrete, but to be considered part of
the cement or combination content they shall be used in accordance with
either 4.4.2, 4.4.3 or 4.4.4.

1)
Available from the British Board of Agrément <[Link] [last
viewed 20 April 2015].

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Table 4 Requirements for coarse recycled aggregate

Properties BS EN 12620 size or Description of

category category
Aggregate size d ≥ 4 mm, D ≥ 10 mm A) –

Maximum fines f4 ≤4% by mass of

particles passing
the 0.063 mm sieve
Maximum sulfate – B) Limit%, by mass
Content of: concrete, RcNR No requirement
concrete products, mortar,
concrete masonry units
Content of: concrete, RcuNR No requirement
concrete products, mortar,
concrete masonry units,
unbound aggregate, natural
stone, hydraulically bound
aggregate
Content of: clay masonry RbNR No requirement
units (i.e. bricks and tiles),
calcium silicate masonry units,
aerated non-floating concrete
Content of bituminous Ra5- ≤10% by mass
materials
Content of other materials: XRg1- ≤1% by mass
Cohesive (i.e. clay and soil)
Miscellaneous metals, ferrous
and non-ferrous
Non floating wood, plastic
and rubber
Gypsum plaster, and Glass
Floating material by volume FL2- ≤2 cm3/kg
A)
The designation accepts the presence of some particles which are retained on the
upper sieve (oversize) and some which pass the lower sieve (undersize). For single size
coarse aggregate with a specified maximum aggregate size of 40 mm, 20 mm, 14 mm
and 10 mm the BS EN 12620 aggregate sizes are 20/40, 10/20, 6.3/14 and 4/10
respectively.
B)
The appropriate limit and test method need to be determined on a case-by-case basis.

4.4.2 Equivalent performance of combinations concept (EPCC)

Provided the additions are within the limits established in accordance with
Annex A, the following additions shall be taken fully into account in the
concrete composition in respect of the cement content and the w/c ratio:
a) Category A or B fly ash conforming to BS EN 450-1;
b) ggbs conforming to BS EN 15167-1; and
c) limestone fines conforming to BS 7979.
NOTE The conformity procedure for combinations set out in Annex A meets all the
requirements of BS EN 206:2013, [Link] for the equivalent performance of
combinations concept (EPCC).

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

4.4.3 Equivalent concrete performance concept (ECPC)

The equivalent concrete performance concept (ECPC) shall not be used unless
the producer’s proposals for demonstrating equivalence and ensuring conformity
have been approved by the specifier. The ECPC shall be in accordance with the
principles given in BS EN 206:2013, [Link].

4.4.4 k-value concept

COMMENTARY ON 4.4.4
k-value is a prescriptive concept based on the comparison of a reference concrete
with a cement “A” against a test concrete in which part of the cement “A” is
replaced by an addition as a function of the water/cement ratio and the addition
content.
Where the k-value concept is used, it shall be as given in BS EN 206:2013, [Link],
where the water/cement ratio calculated as “water/(cement + k × addition)”
ratio and the amount of cement calculated as (cement content) + (k × addition
content) shall be as specified for the reference concrete.
NOTE This standard does not contain any provisions for the use of the k-value
concept with ggbs.

4.5 Admixtures
COMMENTARY ON 4.5
There is no requirement to use the concrete producer’s constituent materials, other
than the admixtures, as any adverse interactions between admixtures are shown by
the test in BS EN 480-11 using standard materials.
Where the concrete contains one or more admixtures in addition to an
air-entraining agent for freeze-thaw resistance, the air void characteristics of the
combination of admixtures shall be tested in accordance with
BS EN 480-11 using the admixture supplier’s standard materials. The air void
spacing factor, measured on specimens of hardened concrete made with
reference concrete III in accordance with BS EN 480-1 and an air content
within ±1% of the target, shall be not greater than 0.20 mm.
Initial testing shall confirm that the entrained air content is within the
permitted tolerance at the limits of the specified consistence class.
NOTE Initial tests as required by BS EN 206:2013, 5.2.6 for air-entrained concretes
containing more than one admixture need only determine the air content to assess
the performance of the air void system.

4.6 Fibres
General suitability for use in concrete conforming to BS EN 206 and this part of
BS 8500 is established for:
a) steel fibres conforming to BS EN 14889-1;
b) polymer fibres conforming to BS EN 14889-2; and
c) fibres for concrete conforming to a European Technical Approval.

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5 Complementary basic requirements for concrete

5.1 General
If the specification is not understood by the producer or is ambiguous, the
ambiguities shall be identified to the specifier and clarification sought.
NOTE The producer may assume that the specification is suitable for the intended
use.
Concrete shall conform to 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 and 5.6 and the relevant
requirements of BS EN 206.

5.2 Resistance to alkali–silica reactions

The risk of damaging alkali–silica reaction shall be minimized in accordance with
the requirements set out in Annex B, except:
a) for prescribed concrete; and/or
b) where the specifier has specified provisions for resisting alkali–silica reaction.
NOTE For the exceptions, the specifier is responsible for ensuring that the concrete
is not subject to damaging alkali–silica reaction, but they may, by specification, place
this requirement on the producer (see BS 8500-1:2015, A.8.1).

5.3 Chloride content

When determining conformity of chloride content in accordance with
BS EN 206:2013, 9.9, the method for determining the chloride content of
constituent materials shall be as specified in Table 5.

Table 5 Method for determining the chloride content of constituent materials

Constituent Method specified in

Cement, fly ash, ggbs, limestone fines, BS EN 196-2
metakaolin
Aggregate excluding CCA and filler BS EN 1744-1
aggregate made from fly ash
Coarse CCA BS 1881-124
Admixture BS EN 480-10
Water A) BS EN 196-2 B) or BS 6068-2.37 B)
(ISO 9297)
A)
Testing is not required if the water is from a potable supply.
B)
BS EN 1008 cites “the relevant clauses of BS EN 196-21” for the determination of
chloride ion content. This standard has been incorporated into BS EN 196-2. The
chemical procedure is the same as that given in BS 6068-2.37 and in this case the
starting point is a sample of water. When the chloride ion content is outside the
recommended range for the test procedure, dilution and factoring is necessary.

5.4 Concrete temperature

When measured in accordance with the procedure specified as follows, the
temperature of the fresh concrete at the time of delivery shall not exceed:
a) where specified, the specified value; or
b) 35 °C in all other cases.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

The procedure used to measure the temperature of the fresh concrete shall be
one of the following.
1) Within 2 min of taking the sample at delivery, insert a type A 100 mm
immersion thermometer having a range of -5 °C to +110 °C, graduated in
intervals of 1 °C and conforming to BS 1704, in the sample to a depth of not
less than 100 mm. When steady conditions have been maintained for 1 min,
record the temperature to the nearest 1 °C.
2) Use an alternative form of temperature measurement device with a
precision at least that of a thermometer conforming to BS 1704, to record
the steady-state temperature to the nearest 1 °C.

5.5 Requirements for hardened lightweight concrete

When determining the conformity of lightweight concrete to the specified
density class in accordance with BS EN 206, the density determination of
hardened lightweight concrete shall be in accordance with BS EN 12390-7 and
for the oven-dry condition.
When determining the conformity of lightweight concrete to the target density
in accordance with BS EN 206, the density determination of hardened
lightweight concrete shall be in accordance with BS EN 12390-7 and for either:
a) the oven-dry condition; or
b) the condition specified.

5.6 Quantity of concrete

The unit of measurement shall be the cubic metre (m3) of fresh, fully compacted
concrete. Where the volume of concrete is required to be determined, the
volume of a given batch shall be calculated from the total mass of the batch in
kilograms (kg) divided by the density of fresh concrete, determined in
accordance with BS EN 12350-6 for concrete of normal consistence and
BS 1881-129 for semi-dry concrete.
The total mass of the batch shall be either:
a) the sum of the masses of all materials used including water; or
b) determined from the gross and tare weights of the vehicle carrying the
concrete on a weigh-bridge.

6 Designated concrete
6.1 General
Where designated concrete is specified, the producer shall have product
conformity certification and control conforming to 6.2 and shall use the
constituent materials specified in 6.3 to make concrete conforming to 6.4 and to
the appropriate options given in the specification.

6.2 Product conformity certification and control

The producer shall have product conformity certification with the following
minimum requirements:
a) approval of a concrete producer’s quality management system to
BS EN ISO 9001;
b) product testing by or calibrated against a laboratory accredited for the tests
undertaken;

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c) surveillance that includes checking the validity of the producer’s declarations

of conformity, by a certification body accredited to BS EN ISO/IEC 17021 and
BS EN 45011 by UKAS or an equivalent accreditation body. A UKAS
equivalent accreditation body is recognized by UKAS through the European
cooperation for Accreditation (EA) for the relevant areas of product
conformity certification.
NOTE 1 These requirements for product conformity certification are essential for
the production of designated concretes to ensure the highest probability that the
designated performance is achieved.
Conformity control of designated concretes shall be in accordance with the
conformity control requirements for designed concretes specified in
BS EN 206:2013, Clause 8.
NOTE 2 Provisions for assessment, surveillance and certification of production
control by an accredited body are as given in BS EN 206:2013, Annex C.
When requested, the producer shall inform the specifier of the status of the
concrete production plant at the time of tender and immediately if any change
in status occurs during the period between the time of tender and completion
of supply.
NOTE 3 Producers who do not have product conformity certification in accordance
with 6.2 are not permitted to supply designated concrete.

6.3 Constituent materials

6.3.1 Cements and combinations
The cement or combination shall be selected from those given in Table 6 for the
specified designated concretes for general applications and Table 7 for
designated cement-bound concretes, except where the specification places
additional restrictions or relaxations on the cement or combination types. In this
case, the cement or combination shall be selected from the specified range.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Table 6 Requirements for designated concretes for general applications

Concrete Min. Slump Max. Min. cement or Cement and combination types
designa- strength class A) w/c combination content
tion class ratio (kg/m3) for max.
aggregate size (mm)
≥40 20 14 10
GEN0 C6/8 S3 — 120 120 120 120 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
GEN1 C8/10 S3 — 180 180 180 180 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
GEN2 C12/15 S3 — 200 200 200 200 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
GEN3 C16/20 S3 — 220 220 220 220 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
RC20/25 C20/25 S3 0.70 240 240 260 280 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
RC25/30 C25/30 S3 0.65 240 260 280 300 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V B)
RC28/35 C28/35 S3 0.60 260 280 300 320 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V B)
RC30/37 C30/37 S3 0.55 280 300 320 340 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V B)
RC32/40 C32/40 S3 0.55 280 300 320 340 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V B)
RC35/45 C35/45 S3 0.50 300 320 340 360 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V B)
RC40/50 C40/50 S3 0.45 320 340 360 360 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V B)
RC40/50XF C40/50 S3 0.45 C) 320 340 360 360 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA D)
PAV1 C28/35 E) S2 0.55 C) 280 300 320 340 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA D)
PAV2 C32/40 E) S3 0.45 C) 320 340 360 380 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA D)
0.55 300 320 340 360 IIB-V+SR, IIIA+SR, IIIB+SR, IVB-V
0.50 320 340 360 380 CEM I, CEM I-SR 0, CEM-SR 3, II-S,
FND2 C25/30 S3 II-V, IIIA, IIIB
0.45 340 360 380 380 IIA-L or LL class 42,5
0.40 360 380 380 380 IIA-L or LL class 32,5
FND2Z C25/30 S3 0.55 300 320 340 360 All in Table 1
0.50 320 340 360 380 IIIB+SR
0.45 340 360 380 380 IVB-V
FND3 C25/30 S3
0.40 360 380 380 380 IIB-V+SR, IIIA+SR, CEM I-SR 0, CEM
I-SR 3
FND3Z C25/30 S3 0.50 320 340 360 380 All in Table 1
0.45 340 360 380 380 IIIB+SR
0.40 360 380 380 380 IVB-V
FND4 C25/30 S3
0.35 380 380 380 380 IIB-V+SR, IIIA+SR, CEM I-SR 0, CEM
I-SR 3
FND4Z C25/30 S3 0.45 340 360 380 380 All in Table 1
FND4M C25/30 S3 0.45 340 360 380 380 IIIB+SR
A)
Except where a different consistence class has been specified. In this case, the concrete conforms to the specified
consistence class or target value.
B)
Only if specifically permitted under BS 8500-1:2015, 4.2.3a).
C)
See 6.3.2 for requirements for aggregates.
D)
With a maximum proportion of ggbs 55% unless a higher proportion is specifically permitted under
BS 8500-1:2015, 4.2.3a).
E)
The concrete contains an air-entraining admixture to give minimum air content by volume at delivery
of 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.5% or 6.5% with aggregate of 40 mm, 20 mm, 14 mm and 10 mm aggregate size respectively at
delivery.

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Table 7 Requirements for designated cement-bound concretes

Concrete Min. Min. cement or combination Cement and combination type

designation strength content B) for Dmax of 20 mm
class A) or 40 mm,%

CB6/8 C6/8 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V

CB8/10 C8/10 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
CB12/15 C12/15 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
CB16/20 C16/20 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
CB20/25 C20/25 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
CB25/30 C25/30 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
CB28/35 C) C28/35 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
CB30/37 C) C30/37 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
CB32/40 C) C32/40 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
CB35/45 C) C35/45 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
CB40/50 C) C40/50 3 CEM I, IIA, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IVB-V
A)
The characteristic compressive strength at 28 days of cylinders or cubes made in accordance with
BS EN 13286-51 and tested in accordance with BS EN 12390-3.
B)
Aggregate grading for cement bound concrete as given in Table 8.
C)
The requirements for aggregate grading in Table 8 may be relaxed to account for the extra cement content
required to achieve the required strength class.

6.3.2 Aggregates
Aggregates shall be normal-weight and shall conform to 4.3 and to any
specified requirements for special properties. For designated concretes
RC40/50XF, PAV1 and PAV2, the aggregates shall be freeze-thaw resisting as
specified in 4.3 for XF4 exposures. The aggregate grading for the aggregate in
cement bound concrete CB shall be in accordance with Table 8.
NOTE 1 Where the aggregates are required by the specifier to have special
properties in addition to those given in this Clause, these requirements are included
in the specification.

Table 8 Range of aggregate grading for cement-bound concrete

Sieve size Percentage by mass passing nominal maximum size A)

mm 40 mm 20 mm

63 98 to 100 –
40 90 to 99 100
20 50 to 90 90 to 99
4 20 to 60 30 to 55
0.5 8 to 30 10 to 35
0.125 0 to 8B) 0 to 8B)
A)
Aggregate may be all-in or a combined grading where the aggregate is made up of
single sizes.
B)
0 to 10 for crushed rock fines.

Where coarse CCA or RA is to be used:

a) it shall conform to 4.3;
b) in designated concretes RC20/25 to RC40/50, its proportion shall be not more
than a mass fraction of 20% of coarse aggregate, except where the
specification permits higher proportions to be used; and
c) where RA is used, the issues identified in BS 8500-1:2015, A.7.10 shall be
addressed, documented and approved by the certification body.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

NOTE 2 Coarse CCA or coarse RA may comprise any mass fraction of the coarse
aggregate in designated concretes GEN0 to GEN3.
CCA or RA shall not be used in any of the FND or PAV designated concretes nor
in designated concrete RC40/50XF.
Unless otherwise specified, the maximum aggregate size shall be 20 mm.

6.3.3 Admixtures
Admixtures shall conform to BS EN 934-2.
Calcium chloride or admixtures based on chlorides shall not be used in
designated concretes.
Accelerating and retarding admixtures shall be used only where an accelerated
or retarded set has been specified.

6.3.4 Other materials

Mixing water shall conform to BS EN 1008.
Where a specified coloured concrete requires a pigment, the pigment shall
conform to BS EN 12878. For reinforced concrete, the pigment shall conform to
BS EN 12878:2014, Category B.
Where the k-value concept is to be used (see BS EN 206:2013, [Link]), the fly ash
shall conform to BS EN 450-1:2012, Category A or B.
Fibres shall be used only where specified.

6.4 Concrete requirements

Designated concretes shall conform to the requirements specified in
Table 6 and Table 7, and to all the requirements specified in Clause 4,
Clause 5 and BS EN 206:2013, Clause 5 that are applicable to designed concrete.
The cement or combination content of concrete shall not exceed 550 kg/m3.
The chloride content class shall be:
a) the specified class, where a class has been specified; or
b) where a class has not been specified, Cl 1,0 for the GEN and CB series of
designated concretes or Cl 0,40 for other designations for all cements except
CEM I+SR0 or SR3, in which case it shall be Cl 0,20.

7 Designed concrete
7.1 General
Where designed concrete is specified, the constituent materials and basic
requirements shall be in accordance with Clause 4 and Clause 5 respectively.
Unless specified otherwise, the maximum aggregate size shall be 20 mm and the
chloride class shall be Cl 0,40.
When requested, the producer shall provide the items of information selected
from the list in BS 8500-1:2015, 5.2.
Where information on the strength development of concrete has been
requested, it shall be provided either:
a) in terms of the cement or combination type and strength class to be used;
or
b) by a strength development curve at 20 °C between 2 days and 28 days or
more; or

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BRITISH STANDARD BS 8500-2:2015

c) by a strength development class (see BS EN 206:2013, 7.2).

The strength development of concrete or strength development class shall be
obtained from test data where:
1) constituent materials are stored at (20 ±5) °C for 2 days prior to their use to
make concrete; and
2) after casting, cubes are stored at (20 ±5) °C until stripped and the cubes
placed in a temperature-controlled tank in accordance with BS EN 12390-2.

7.2 DC-class designed concrete

Where a DC-class designed concrete is specified, the concrete shall conform to
the requirements specified in Table 9.

Table 9 Limiting values of composition and properties for concrete where a DC-class is specified

DC-class Max. Min. cement or combination Cement and combination Grouping used to
w/c content in kg/m3 for max. types A) BRE SD1:2005 [2]
ratio aggregate sizes (mm) of:
≥ 40 20 14 10
DC-1 B) — — — — — All in Table 1 A to G
0.55 300 320 340 360 IIB-V+SR, IIIA+SR, IIIB+SR, D, E, F
IVB-V
0.50 320 340 360 380 CEM I, CEM I-SR 0, A, G
DC-2 CEM I-SR 3, IIA-D, IIA-S,
IIA-V, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA, IIIB
0.45 340 360 380 380 IIA-L or LL ≥ class 42,5 B
0.40 360 380 380 380 IIA-L or LL class 32,5 C
DC-2z 0.55 300 320 340 360 All in Table 1 A to G
0.50 320 340 360 380 IIIB+SR F
0.45 340 360 380 380 IVB-V E
DC-3
0.40 360 380 380 380 IIB-V+SR, IIIA+SR, D, G
CEM I-SR 0, CEM I-SR 3
DC-3z 0.50 320 340 360 380 All in Table 1 A to G
0.45 340 360 380 380 IIIB+SR F
0.40 360 380 380 380 IVB-V E
DC-4
0.35 380 380 380 380 IIB-V+SR, IIIA+SR, D, G
CEM I-SR 0, CEM I-SR 3
DC-4z 0.45 340 360 380 380 All in Table 1 A to G
DC-4m 0.45 340 360 380 380 IIIB+SR F
A)
For the sulfate-resisting characteristics of other cements and combinations, see BRE Special Digest 1 [2] and
IP 17/05 [6].
B)
If the concrete is reinforced or contains embedded metal, the minimum concrete quality for 20 mm maximum
aggregate size is C25/30, 0.65, 260 or designated concrete RC25/30.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

8 Prescribed concrete
Where prescribed concrete is specified, the constituent materials and basic
requirements shall be in accordance with Clause 4 and Clause 5 respectively.

9 Standardized prescribed concrete

9.1 General
Where standardized prescribed concrete is specified, the producer shall use the
materials specified in 9.2 to make concrete conforming to 9.3 and to any further
restriction given in the specification.

9.2 Constituent materials

The cements, combinations and aggregates for standardized prescribed concrete
shall be selected from those listed below, except where they have been further
restricted in the specification, in which case the constituent materials shall be
selected from the specified restricted range:
a) cement and combination types CEM I, CEM I-SR 0, CEM I-SR 3, IIA-L or LL,
IIA-S, IIA-V, IIB-S, IIB-V, IIIA;
b) normal-weight aggregate conforming to 4.3, including filler aggregate but
excluding RA;
c) for ST1, ST2 or ST3 only, all-in aggregate conforming to 4.3;
d) admixtures conforming to BS EN 934-2, excluding air-entraining admixtures;
and
e) mixing water conforming to BS EN 1008.
Where the concrete is ST1 or ST2, the chloride class shall be Cl 1,0. In all other
cases, the chloride class shall be Cl 0,40 for all cements and combinations, except
CEM I-SR 0 and CEM I-SR 3 in which case it shall be Cl 0,20.

9.3 Concrete requirements

The appropriate concrete proportions for the specified standardized prescribed
concrete and the specified slump class shall be selected from Table 10. The risk
of damaging alkali–silica reaction shall be minimized by either:
a) conforming to 5.2; or
b) a low alkali cement (guaranteed alkali limit not more than 0.60%).
The mass of cement or combination given in Table 10 shall be reduced by 10%
where cement or a combination of standard strength class 42,5 or higher is
used. A 10% reduction shall also be applied to a cement or combination of
standard strength class 32,5, with or without an admixture, provided there are
test data for the reduced cement/combination content with any admixture
dosage used showing that the target mean strength is not less than the assumed
characteristic strength in BS 8500-1:2015, Table A.17 plus 12 N/mm2, i.e. it
satisfies the criterion in BS EN 206:2013, A.5.
NOTE 1 The mix proportions for standardized prescribed concretes given in
Table 10 are based on the use of cements and combinations of standard strength
class 32,5 and normally provide concrete having the characteristic strengths given in
BS 8500-1:2015, Table A.17.

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Table 10 Mix proportions for standardized prescribed concretes using class 32,5 cements and
combinations

Standardized Constituent Quantity or proportion of constituent

prescribed Maximum aggregate size 40 mm Maximum aggregate size 20 mm
concrete or 45 mm or 22.4 mm
Slump Slump Slump Slump Slump Slump
class class S3 class S4 class class S3 class S4
S1 or S2 S1 or S2
ST1 A) Cement or 200 kg 220 kg 230 kg 230 kg 255 kg 265 kg
combination
Total aggregate 1 990 kg 1 930 kg 1 895 kg 1 925 kg 1 860 kg 1 825 kg
ST2 A) Cement or 230 kg 255 kg 270 kg 265 kg 285 kg 300 kg
combination
Total aggregate 1 960 kg 1 905 kg 1 870 kg 1 895 kg 1 840 kg 1 805 kg
ST3 A) Cement or 265 kg 285 kg 300 kg 295 kg 330 kg 345 kg
combination
Total aggregate 1 930 kg 1 875 kg 1 850 kg 1 865 kg 1 800 kg 1 765 kg
ST4 Cement or 310 kg 330 kg 340 kg 330 kg 365 kg 380 kg
combination
Total aggregate 1 900 kg 1 840 kg 1 815 kg 1 835 kg 1 775 kg 1 740 kg
ST5 Cement or 350 kg 375 kg 390 kg 375 kg 395 kg 415 kg
combination
Total aggregate 1 870 kg 1 805 kg 1 780 kg 1 800 kg 1 740 kg 1 705 kg
ST1 Fine 30% 30% 35% 35% 35% 40%
ST2 aggregate B) as to 45% to 45% to 50% to 50% to 50% to 55%
ST3 a mass fraction
of total
aggregate
ST4 Fine
ST5 aggregateB) C) as
a mass fraction
of total
aggregate
Grading 30% 35%
limits 0/4 (CP) to 40% to 45%
Grading 25% 30%
limits 0/4 (MP) to 35% to 40%
or 0/2 (MP)
Grading 25% 25%
limits 0/2 (FP) or to 30% to 35%
0/1 (FP)
A)
The aggregates may be batched by volume (see Table 11).
B)
Lower proportions are generally applicable to finer gradings, smoother textures or rounded shapes. Higher
proportions are generally applicable to coarser gradings, rougher textures or angular shapes. For all grades, small
adjustments in the percentages of fine aggregates might be required depending on the properties of the
particular aggregates used.
C)
The overlapping ranges reflect the overlapping grading limits CP, MP and FP in BS EN 12620. The higher
proportions are applicable to the coarser end of each grading limit and to concretes of higher consistence. Where
the grading of the fine aggregate approaches the coarser end of grading limits CP or the finer end of grading
limits FP, the proportion of fine aggregate shall be checked to verify that it produces satisfactory concrete.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Adjustments shall be made to the mass of aggregate selected from Table 10 for
the appropriate standardized prescribed concrete, so that the yield is one cubic
metre.
NOTE 2 Table 10 is based on typical values of the relative densities of cement and
aggregates. The aggregate quantities in Table 10 are based on them being in a
saturated surface-dry condition.
Where several sizes of single-sized coarse aggregates are used, they shall be
combined in such proportions that the combined grading falls within the limits
given in BS EN 12620 for graded coarse aggregate of the appropriate nominal
size, with a tolerance of not more than ±5%. This tolerance shall be divided
between the sieves within the total of 5%. The percentage of fine aggregates in
the mix shall be adjusted according to the characteristics of the particular
aggregates used.
The actual batch quantities shall be calculated from the values given in
Table 10 to suit the size of the batch required. Allowance shall be made for a
moisture content typical of the aggregates being used.
Where standardized prescribed concretes ST1, ST2 or ST3 are batched by volume,
the volumes of constituent materials shall be in accordance with Table 11.
Table 11 Mix proportions for volume batching of ST1, ST2 and ST3

Standard Standardized Slump class Number of Fine aggregate Coarse

strength class prescribed (25 kg) bags litres aggregate litres
of cement concrete of cement
ST1 S1, S2 1 60 90
ST2 S1, S2 1 50 75
ST2 S3 1 50 65 A)
42,5 or higher ST2 S4 1 45 60 A)
ST3 S1, S2 1 45 65
ST3 S3 1 40 55 A)
ST3 S4 1 40 50 A)
ST1 S1, S2 1 50 80
ST2 S1, S2 1 45 65
ST2 S3 1 45 55 A)
32,5 ST2 S4 1 45 50 A)
ST3 S1, S2 1 40 55
ST3 S3 1 35 50 A)
ST3 S4 1 35 45 A)
A)
Fine aggregates MP and CP only.

9.4 Production control

Production control shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN 206 and
Clause 13 of this British Standard as appropriate, except for the case of small
quantities of volume-batched production using bagged cements where it shall
be carried out in accordance with either BS EN 206 and Clause 13 or BS 8000-2.1.

10 Proprietary concrete
Where proprietary concrete is specified, the constituent materials and basic
requirements shall be in accordance with Clause 4 and Clause 5 respectively. The
producer shall provide on request information selected by the specifier from the
lists in BS 8500-1:2015, 4.6.3 and 5.2.

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11 Delivery of fresh concrete

In addition to the requirements specified in BS EN 206:2013, 7.3, the delivery
ticket for each load of concrete shall contain a declaration of conformity to
BS 8500-2:2015. 2)
NOTE 1 As Clause 12 requires conformity to and compliance with the relevant
clauses of BS EN 206, a declaration of conformity to BS 8500-2 is sufficient.
In addition to the requirements specified in BS EN 206:2013, 7.3, the delivery
ticket for each load of designated concrete and standardized prescribed
concrete shall contain:
a) the designation of the specified designated concrete or standardized
prescribed concrete;
b) the consistence class or, where specified, target consistence;
c) the chloride class, if specified;
d) the maximum aggregate size; and
e) any additional specified requirements.
NOTE 2 Space should be provided for any additional items.
In the case of proprietary concrete, the delivery ticket shall contain the name of
the proprietary concrete and any other specified requirements.
Additional information required by BS EN 206:2013, 7.3a) and 7.3b) for designed
and prescribed concrete shall be given on each delivery ticket or on a product
data sheet. Where it is given on a product data sheet, the delivery ticket shall
clearly identify the concrete reference code used on the product data sheet.
NOTE 3 BS 8500-1 requires designed concrete specifications to contain the limiting
values or DC-class and not the exposure class. Consequently, the delivery ticket for
designed concrete need not contain the exposure class.
NOTE 4 Concrete conforming to BS EN 206 and BS 8500-2 is not covered by a
harmonized European Standard or a European Technical Approval Assessment under
the Construction Products Regulation [7]. Therefore, Declarations of Conformity,
Declarations of Performance and CE Marking as required by the CPR are not
applicable to concrete and this information is not referenced from or included on
the delivery ticket.
NOTE 5 If admixtures, pigments, fibres or water are added to the concrete in a
truck mixer on site without approval/supervision of the producer’s quality
management personnel or are more than is permitted by the specification of
concrete, the concrete batch or load is deemed to be “non-conforming” and the
customer is responsible for the consequences.

2)
Marking BS 8500-2:2015 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer’s
declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the
product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely
the claimant’s responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party
certification of conformity, which might also be desirable.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

12 Conformity testing and conformity criteria

12.1 General
Conformity testing and conformity criteria shall be in accordance
with 12.2 and 12.3 and the relevant requirements of BS EN 206.
Where the producer has failed to comply with any requirement for production
process and production control, the producer shall investigate the consequences
of the non-compliance and, when this results in a non-conformity with respect
to this Clause, BS EN 206:2013, Clause 8 or the requirements placed on the
concrete, the producer shall declare the concrete as non-conforming. In all cases
the cause of the non-conformity with the requirements on the production
process and production control shall be investigated and corrected without
delay.
Where the concrete is not under third-party product certification, the producer
shall confirm whether the concrete was in conformity for the period of supply
and, on request, supply the test data on which this confirmation was based.

12.2 Conformity control for compressive strength

Conformity testing of ready-mixed concrete shall be based on samples taken at
or before delivery (see BS EN 206:2013, 8.1 and [Link]). If conformity to the
specified compressive strength class is determined using 100 mm cubes, the
minimum characteristic 100 mm cube strength shall be that specified for 150 mm
cubes in BS EN 206:2013, Table 12 and Table 13.
NOTE 1 The minimum characteristic strength for the additional compressive
strength classes used in BS 8500 is given in Table 12.
Where BS EN 206:2013, [Link].2, Method C is used to assess conformity of
compressive strength, there shall be no requirements in addition to
BS EN 206:2013, [Link].2 (10).
NOTE 2 It should be recognized that even for well-controlled concrete in
continuous production with normal or enhanced design margins, statistical analysis
of strength data gives a small probability of non-conformity with the mean strength
criteria in BS EN 206:2013. Actions to be taken in the case of non-conformity are
specified in BS EN 206:2013, 8.4.

Table 12 Additional compressive strength classes to those given in BS EN 206

Compressive Minimum characteristic Minimum

strength class cylinder strength characteristic 100 mm
or 150 mm cube strength
fck, cyl fck, cube
N/mm2 N/mm2
C6/8 6 8
C28/35 28 35
C32/40 32 40
LC28/31 28 31 A)
LC32/35 32 35 A)
A)
Other values may be used if the relationship between these and the reference cylinder
strength is established with sufficient accuracy and is documented.

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12.3 Conformity criteria for properties other than strength

12.3.1 Fresh concrete temperature
The temperature of the fresh concrete, when measured in accordance with 5.4,
shall not exceed any specified maximum value or fall below any specified
minimum value at the point of delivery.

12.3.2 Minimizing the risk of damaging alkali-silica reaction

The risk of damaging alkali–silica reaction shall be deemed to be minimized if
the concrete conforms to 5.2.

12.3.3 Fibre content

Where fibres are added at the concrete batching plant, the fibre content of the
fresh concrete shall be determined in accordance with BS EN 206:2013, 5.4.4.
NOTE The UK does not have a standard test method to measure the content of
class 1a and class 1b polymer fibres in samples of fresh concrete.
Where fibres are added on site under the supervision of the producer then the
producer shall maintain records to confirm that the quantity added is as
specified within the tolerance as specified in BS EN 206:2013, 9.7.
Where fibres are added on site under the supervision of the customer then the
customer shall be responsible for any records to confirm that the quantity added
is as specified and within the tolerance as specified in BS EN 206:2013, 9.7.

12.3.4 Target values of flow diameter

The tolerance on the flow diameter test in accordance with BS EN 12350-5 shall
be ±50 mm.
NOTE The tolerance given in BS EN 206:2013, Table 23 is not compatible with the
precision of the test.

12.4 Action in the event of non-conformity

Where there is a specified requirement for certification, the producer shall make
available at the next routine inspection records of any non-conformity and the
actions taken.
NOTE 1 Extraordinary inspections (see BS EN 206:2013, C.3.2) are applicable only
where the producer has failed to detect non-conformity or to take appropriate
action.
NOTE 2 The certification body is expected to audit that the actions taken by the
producer were appropriate (see BS EN 206:2013, C.3.2).

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

13 Production control
13.1 General
Where production control procedures differ from those specified in
BS EN 206:2013, Clause 9, the procedures shall be documented.
NOTE 1 BS EN 206:2013, 9.1 states that production control comprises all measures
necessary to maintain the properties of concrete in conformity to specified
requirements. It then sets out a non-exhaustive list of general requirements for the
production control. BS EN 206:2013, 9.2 to 9.9 give procedures that amplify some
aspects of the general requirements. BS EN 206:2013, 9.1 allows for any of these
procedures to be varied to take account of:
a) the kind and size of the production;
b) the works;
c) the particular equipment being used;
d) procedures and rules in use at the place of production; and
e) the use of the concrete.
In summary:
1) the producer is required to have a documented production control system;
2) there is flexibility in the procedures that can be used, provided they achieve
effective control of each aspect of production and the procedure is documented;
and
3) the producer is required to follow this production control system.
NOTE 2 The term “batching equipment” used in BS EN 206:2013, [Link] is deemed
to include volumetric measuring equipment.

13.2 Storage of materials

Silos shall be constructed from such materials and in such a manner as are
known to produce a weatherproof container, and shall permit free flow and
efficient discharge of their contents. Each silo shall be fitted with an
independent filter, cleaned at regular intervals as defined in the producer’s
production control manual, or other method of dust control sufficient to allow
the delivery to be maintained at the correct pressure.
NOTE It is important to ensure that the silo remains weatherproof throughout its
working life.
The producer shall take precautions to ensure that bagged cement does not
become damp either from the weather or from the ground. The store shall be
managed so that the cement is used in the same order as it is delivered.
Where cement has been treated to limit the water-soluble chromium VI content,
it shall be used within the period of validity of the treatment.
Cement that has been adversely affected by damp or other causes shall not be
used.

13.3 Production control procedures

Production control procedures shall be carried out to ensure that CCA and RA
continues to conform to the requirements specified in 4.3. The procedures for
CCA shall include the tests specified in Table 13.
The mix design and production procedures shall take account of the variability
of CCA and RA in such a way as to ensure conformity to limits placed on the
concrete.

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Table 13 Materials control for CCAA)

Property Test method Requirement specified in

Loose bulk density B) BS EN 1097-3 Production control
manual
Composition BS EN 933-11 Table 2
Acid-soluble sulfate BS EN 1744-1 Table 2
content
Acid-soluble chloride BS 1881-124 4.3 C)
content
A)
CCA shall be sampled and tested at a frequency sufficient to give enough data to
demonstrate a conforming product. The testing rates shall be varied to ensure a
controlled process.
B)
To assess consistency in terms of yield.
C)
There is no specific requirement for chloride content in 4.3, but a method is specified
for determining the chloride content to be used in the calculations for verifying
conformity of concrete to the specified chloride class.

14 Transport of concrete
14.1 Transport to the point of delivery
Concrete shall be transported in:
a) a truck mixer or agitator; or
b) a non-agitating vehicle where permitted by the specifier.
Where non-agitating vehicles are used, procedures shall be followed that have
been proven to minimize:
• segregation;
• any change in entrained air content, except for the case where the loss of
air has been taken into account (see BS 8500-1:2015, B.1);
• loss of any constituent; and
• ingress of foreign matter or water.

14.2 Time of transport

Concrete shall be delivered within 2 h after the time of loading where
transported in truck mixers or agitators or within 1 h after the time of loading
where non-agitating equipment is used, unless a shorter time is specified or a
longer time permitted by the specifier.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Annex A Conformity procedure for combinations

(normative)
COMMENTARY ON Annex A
This Annex sets out a procedure for establishing the suitability of combinations to
count fully towards the cement content and w/c ratio in concrete. The procedure is
applicable to a specific source of addition combined with a specific source of
Portland cement, and determines permitted proportions for the addition relative to
the cement.
The specification might place further restrictions on the proportion of fly ash, ggbs
or limestone fines, depending on the use of the concrete.
This Annex meets all the requirements in BS EN 206:2013, [Link] for the Equivalent
Performance of Combinations Concept.

A.1 Procedure
NOTE 1 An example of the procedure is given in Annex C.
The procedure shall be used only for combinations of a CEM I cement of
standard strength class 42,5 or greater conforming to BS EN 197-1 with one of
the following additions:
a) fly ash conforming to BS EN 450-1:2012, Category A or B;
b) ggbs conforming to BS EN 15167-1; or
c) limestone fines conforming to BS 7979.
Each month, samples shall be obtained that are representative of each lot of the
addition and each lot of CEM I cement that are to be evaluated for use in
combination. Combinations of these addition and cement samples, in
appropriate proportions, shall be tested for compressive strength in accordance
with the method for testing cement specified in BS EN 196-1, with all references
to “cement” therein being construed as referring to “combination”.
NOTE 2 Where third-party certification is required, the certification body might
require the proportions selected to be justified.
The strength test results shall be evaluated against the requirements for one of
the strength classes in Table A.1.
Table A.1 Requirements for the compressive strength of combinations

Strength class of Early strength Standard strength

combination 2 day N/mm2 7 day N/mm 2
28 day N/mm2
22,5 — ≥12.0 ≥22.5 ≤42.5
32,5L — ≥12.0
32,5N — ≥16.0 ≥32.5 ≤52.5
32,5R ≥10.0 —
42,5L — ≥20.0
42,5N ≥10.0 — ≥42.5 ≤62.5
42,5R ≥20.0 —
52,5L ≥10.0 —
≥52.5 —
52,5N ≥20.0 —

The running means of the early and standard strengths shall be calculated as the
averages of the most recent test results, taken over a period of not less
than 6 months and not more than 12 months, except in the case of a new
combination. In this case, the running means shall be based on all the available
data.

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NOTE 3 Where the relationship between compressive strength and combination

proportions is re-established at least once every 2 years it may be used to
extrapolate the running means of strength for proportions other than that tested.
The only proportions of the combination which shall be deemed to conform to
this Annex (“permitted proportions”) are those proportions for which the
measured or extrapolated running means of the early and standard strengths:
1) exceed the relevant lower limits in Table A.1 by a statistical margin; and
2) do not exceed the relevant upper limit.
The statistical margin added to the lower limits shall be:
i) +5 N/mm2 on the lower limits for standard strength and +3 N/mm2 on early
strength limits; or
ii) calculated statistically from the testing of spot samples, such that an
estimate of the overall percentage of results that are less than the required
lower limit does not exceed 5% for the lot from which the samples are
taken.
NOTE 4 The statistical margin allows for variability in the cement and addition. No
statistical margin is required on the upper limit because the possibility of a
combination occasionally exceeding an upper limit is unlikely to substantially reduce
the suitability of the combination for its intended use.
Irrespective of the results obtained by testing, no proportion shall exceed 85%
of the combination for ggbs, 20% of the combination for limestone fines
and 55% of the combination for fly ash unless higher proportions have been
specified.
NOTE 5 It is permissible to specify higher proportions (see BS 8500-1:2015,
Table A.6, footnote A), but BS 8500-1 contains no recommendations on how such
high proportions should count towards the minimum cement or combination
content and w/c ratio in concrete.

A.2 Issue of certificates

Where a certificate of conformity to this Annex is issued, 3) it shall relate to fly
ash, ggbs or limestone fines from a specific source combined with CEM I cement
from a specific source. It shall contain:
a) identification of the source of the addition and of the CEM I cement;
b) the means by which composite samples of the addition and CEM I cement
were obtained;
c) the month represented by the latest composite samples;
d) the period used for evaluating conformity where this is less than 6 months;
e) the strength test results for the latest combination of composite samples,
stating the proportions tested;
f) details of the permitted proportions which conform to the requirements of
this Annex, stating the combination strength class or classes which apply;
and
g) the signature of the person responsible for the testing.

3)
Marking BS 8500-2:2015, Annex A on or in relation to a product represents a
declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim that the product meets the requirements of the
annex. The accuracy of the claim is solely the responsibility of issuer of the certificate.
Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity,
which might also be desirable.

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BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Annex B Minimizing the risk of damaging alkali-silica

(normative)
reaction in concrete
COMMENTARY ON Annex B
Where the alkali content of concrete is determined in accordance with B.2 and the
aggregate combination is classified in accordance with B.4, conformity to one of
B.5 to B.12 of this Annex satisfies the requirement in 5.2 to minimize the risk of
damaging alkali-silica reaction.
The requirements of this Annex are intentionally conservative. There is no evidence
in the UK of damaging alkali-silica reaction in concrete made with normal reactivity
aggregates at alkali contents below 4.8 kg Na2O equivalent/m3 (see
Livesey, 2009 [8]). The requirements given are equally applicable to sand cement
grouts with no coarse aggregate.

B.1 General
The relevant declared mean alkali content shall be obtained from the
manufacturer/producer of the cement and any addition used. This shall be based
on the certified average alkali content, calculated as the average of the
manufacturer’s latest 25 consecutive determinations of the sodium oxide
equivalent on spot samples, taken in accordance with a statistically based
sampling plan, e.g. auto control. It shall include a margin that takes into
account the manufacturer’s variability of production, such that the certified
average alkali content plus the margin shall not exceed the declared mean alkali
content, without prior notice. The alkali content of the cement or addition shall
be measured as the “sodium oxide equivalent” in percent, determined as:
%Na2O eq =%Na2O + 0.658%K2O.
NOTE The guaranteed alkali limit may be used in place of the declared mean alkali
content.

B.2 Determination of the alkali content

B.2.1 Cement
The alkali content of cement shall be determined as the declared mean in
accordance with BS EN 197-1:2011, Annex NA.
NOTE The provisions in BS EN 197-1:2011, Annex NA also apply to cements
conforming to BS EN 14216.

B.2.2 Additions
Where limestone fines are used as a filler aggregate and the determined alkali
content is less than or equal to 0.1% Na2O equivalent, no account shall be taken
of the additions contribution to the alkali content of the concrete.
The alkali contents of ggbs, fly ash, silica fume limestone fines and metakaolin
shall be determined in accordance with BS EN 196-2 or by a secondary X-ray
fluorescence method calibrated against that method, and shall be expressed as
the declared mean or the guaranteed alkali limit.

B.2.3 Other constituents

The alkali content of siliceous fly ash used as a filler aggregate shall be
determined by the appropriate method given in BS EN 196-2 or by a secondary
X-ray fluorescence method calibrated against that method.
The proportion of the alkali content of siliceous fly ash, where used as a filler
aggregate, to be taken into account in the calculation of the alkali content of
the concrete shall be determined in the same way as for fly ash used in cement
or a combination.

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NOTE 1 Example calculations are given in UKQAA Technical Datasheet 1.7 [9].
The alkali content of aggregates other than fly ash, CCA or RA shall be
determined from the chloride ion content, where the chloride content of the
aggregates measured by the method given in BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012,
Clause 7 or Clause 9 shall be converted to a sodium oxide equivalent by
multiplying the mass fraction (%) of chloride ions by 0.76.
NOTE 2 Natural aggregates extracted from the UK may be assumed to contribute
no alkalis except from those associated with their chloride content.
NOTE 3 Sintered fly ash or expanded clay lightweight aggregates may be assumed
to contribute no alkalis except from those associated with their chloride content.
The chloride content of aggregates containing a mass fraction of not less
than 0.01% chloride ions shall be determined at least once per production week
by the method given in BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012, Clause 7 or Clause 9.
The alkali content of CCA shall be 0.2 kg Na2O equivalent per 100 kg of CCA; or,
where the composition of CCA that has not been previously used in construction
is known, the alkali content may be determined as that of the original concrete.
The alkali content of other constituents, e.g. admixtures, shall be determined by
the method given in BS EN 480-12 or be declared as the specified maximum
value given in the constituent material standard or the manufacturer’s declared
value.
The alkali content of non-potable water shall be determined by the methods
given in BS 6068-2.42 for sodium and BS 6068-2.43 for potassium or by the
method given in BS 6068-2.44 for both sodium and potassium.
Where limestone fines are used as a filler aggregate and the determined alkali
content is less than or equal to 0.1% Na2O equivalent, no account shall be taken
of its contribution to the alkali content of the concrete

B.3 Calculation of the alkali content of concrete

The alkali content of concrete shall be calculated from the mix proportions and
the determined alkali contents of each of the constituents, except in the case of
ggbs and fly ash constituents (see B.2.3 for cases where siliceous fly ash is used
as a filler aggregate), where Table B.1 shall apply.

Table B.1 Proportion of declared mean alkali content of ggbs or fly ash to be taken into
account in the calculation of alkali content of concrete

Proportion of addition in a Percentage of the declared mean alkali

combination content of addition to be taken into account
when calculating the alkali content of concrete
not less than 40% ggbs 0%
25% to 39% ggbs 50%
<25% ggbs 100%
not less than 25% fly ash 0%
20% to 25% fly ash 20%
<20% fly ash 100%
NOTE 1 Where high reactivity aggregate is used and the cement or
combination contains either ggbs or fly ash then proportions less than 50% by
mass for ggbs and 40% by mass for fly ash are not recommended.
NOTE 2 Where siliceous fly ash is used as a filler aggregate see B.2.3.

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B.4 Aggregate reactivity

The reactivity of the aggregate combination shall only be taken as being low
reactivity where low reactivity is proven for both the coarse and fine fractions
by:
a) the classification of the aggregate when assessed using BS 812-104 and
BS 7943 comprising mineral constituents listed in Table B.2 as low reactivity.
For aggregate reactivity classification purposes, a single examination is
adequate, i.e. the duplicate examinations required by BS 812-104 are not
necessary for this purpose;
b) the service life record, as described in B.10; or
c) testing in accordance with BS 812-123.
CCA may be classified as normal reactivity provided it does not contain high or
extreme reactivity aggregate. Classification shall be based on the knowledge
that the source of CCA was concrete made with low or normal reactivity
aggregates. Where such knowledge does not exist, the CCA shall be classified as
high reactivity.
NOTE Many common coarse aggregates are classified as low reactivity but when
combined with siliceous sand can create the pessimum proportions and expansions
that place the aggregate combination in the normal reactivity class. Hence, as a
precautionary measure, aggregate combinations in which both aggregate fractions
have a high proportion of flint and where the total flint content is greater
than 60% by mass are considered to be normally reactive unless other
(non-petrographic) evidence indicates that the aggregates are of low reactivity.
Recycled aggregates are classified as high reactivity unless it is made from CCA which
only contains normal or low reactivity aggregate.

Table B.2 Reactivity of constituents of aggregates used in concrete in the UK

Low reactivity A) Normal reactivity High reactivity Extreme

reactivity
Andesite Limestone B) Constituents not Crushed greywacke C) Borosilicate
Basalt Marble listed in the other glass
Diorite Microgranite columns Crushed greywacke-type Opal D)
sandstones, siltstones or
mudstones C)
Dolerite Schist Opaline silica D)
Dolomite Slate Calcined flint
Gabbro Syenite CCA containing any of
the constituents listed in
B.4
Gneiss Trachyte
Granite A) Tuff Bottle and plate glass
Air cooled blastfurnace slag RA E)
Expanded clay/shale/slate
Sintered fly ash
A)
Excluding constituents with partially altered feldspars, e.g. some granite.
B)
One UK silicified limestone deposit gave abnormal expansion but this is related to its particular and localized
geology.
C)
This requirement does not apply to materials of these types that are found in some sand and gravel deposits
provided the sand or gravel is not crushed.
D)
Rarely found in UK aggregates but where encountered they are often dispersed within aggregate particles and
require a gel-pat test to confirm their presence (see BS 7943).
E)
Excluding RA made from CCA known to contain low or normal reactivity aggregates.

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Recovered aggregates shall be classified the same as the original aggregate type
or combination.
Aggregates or aggregate combinations containing in total more than 10% by
mass crushed greywacke, crushed greywacke-type sandstones, siltstones or
mudstones or CCA containing any of these constituents shall be classified as high
reactivity.

B.5 Low reactivity aggregate

Where both the coarse and fine fractions of the aggregate are classified in
accordance with B.4 as low reactivity the alkali content of the concrete when
determined and calculated in accordance with B.2 and B.3 shall not
exceed 5.0 kg Na2O equivalent/m3.

B.6 Normal reactivity aggregates

Where the aggregate is classified in accordance with B.4 as normal reactivity, the
alkali content of the concrete when determined and calculated in accordance
with B.2 and B.3 shall not exceed 3.5 kg Na2O equivalent/m3.

B.7 High reactivity aggregates (option 1)

Where the aggregate is classified in accordance with B.4 as high reactivity, the
alkali content of the concrete when determined and calculated in accordance
with B.2 and B.3 shall not exceed 2.5 kg Na2O equivalent/m3.
NOTE Recycled aggregates are classified as high reactivity unless it is made from
CCA that only contains normal or low reactivity aggregate.

B.8 High reactivity aggregates (option 2)

Where the aggregate is classified in accordance with B.4 as high reactivity based
on the concrete containing more than 10% by mass of aggregate of crushed
greywacke or crushed greywacke type materials and the aggregate comes from
a source that has been tested and assessed in accordance with Alkali-silica
reaction – Testing protocol for greywacke aggregates [N1], and the test data
obtained in accordance with this testing protocol give not more than 0.08%
expansion at 2 years at either:
• 3.5 kg Na2O equivalent/m3 of concrete, the alkali content of the concrete
shall not be greater than 2.0 kg;
• 4.0 kg Na2O equivalent/m3 of concrete, the alkali content of the concrete
shall not be greater than 2.5 kg;
• 4.5 kg Na2O equivalent/m3 of concrete, the alkali content of the concrete
shall not be greater than 3.0 kg; or
• 5.0 kg Na2O equivalent/m3 of concrete, the alkali content of the concrete
shall not be greater than 3.5 kg.

B.9 Extreme reactivity aggregates

COMMENTARY ON B.9
The provisions in this Annex do not cover extreme reactivity aggregates such as
some types of glass or opal, which can cause damaging ASR expansion when present
in only small proportions but these are not common constituents of UK aggregates.

© The British Standards Institution 2015 • 33

BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

B.10 Service life record

The risk of damaging alkali–silica reaction shall be deemed to be minimal if both
of the following conditions are met.
a) The service record of the combination of cement-aggregate does not
include any instances of cracking due to alkali–silica reaction.
b) The combination of coarse and fine aggregate has had no cases of cracking
due to alkali–silica reaction for at least 10 years in a wet environment and
with the selected or a higher cement content with cements of similar or
higher alkali levels than the chosen cement.
NOTE The amount of evidence needed to support this rule is agreed between
producer and the producer’s third-party certification body or, where there is none,
the specifier.

B.11 Use of silica fume

Concrete that contains at least 8% of silica fume, conforming to BS EN 13263-1,
by mass of cement or combination shall have an alkali content, when
determined and calculated in accordance with B.2 and B.3, of less than 4.0 kg
Na2O equivalent/m3 where the aggregate is classified as normal reactivity.
Where the aggregate combination is classified as high reactivity, the alkali
content of the concrete, when determined and calculated in accordance
with B.2 and B.3, shall not exceed 3.0 kg Na2O equivalent/m3.

B.12 Use of metakaolin

Where the aggregate is classified as normal or high reactivity, the alkali content
of the concrete when determined and calculated in accordance with B.2 and
B.3 shall not exceed 5.0 kg Na2O equivalent/m3 in the following cases:
a) in exposure classes XD2, XD3, XS2 or XS3 or in other conditions where there
is a significant external source of alkalis, concrete containing at least 15% of
metakaolin with at least 45% by mass of SiO2, conforming to an appropriate
Agrément Certificate 4), by mass of cement or combination;
b) in exposure classes other than described in a), concrete containing at
least 10% of metakaolin with at least 45% by mass of SiO2, conforming to
an appropriate Agrément Certificate4), by mass of cement or combination.

Annex C Example of the conformity procedure given in

(informative)
Annex A
C.1 General
As an example, this Annex contains a convenient plan for the declaration of
conformity to combination strength class 42,5 N. It is suitable for one source of
addition to be used in combination with several sources of CEM I cement. This
plan establishes limits on the proportions of addition with each specific CEM I
cement source to ensure that the conformity criteria for strength are met. Four
stages are involved.
a) The relationships between compressive strength and proportion of addition
are established for each CEM I cement (see C.2).

4)
Available from the British Board of Agrément <[Link] [last
viewed 20 April 2015].

34 • © The British Standards Institution 2015

BRITISH STANDARD BS 8500-2:2015

b) The monthly composite samples of the addition and each CEM I cement are
tested in combination, and running means of the early and standard
strengths are calculated over not less than 6 months and not more
than 12 months (see C.3).
c) The statistical margins are established (see C.4).
d) The relationships, the running means and the statistical margins, together
with the requirements for strength class 42,5 N in Table A.1, are then used
to determine the permitted proportions (see C.5).

C.2 Establishment of the relationship between compressive

strength and proportions
A composite sample of the addition is obtained by blending not less than eight
spot samples of similar mass obtained at regular intervals over at least one
calendar month. A composite sample of each CEM I cement is similarly obtained.
Strength tests are carried out at 2 days and at 28 days, in accordance with
BS EN 196-1, on the combinations of the composite samples given in Table C.1.
NOTE This example is for a combination of strength class 42,5 N. With some other
strength classes, testing at 7 days is required in place of the 2-day testing.

Table C.1 Mass fraction of additionA) in combinations for strength testing

ggbs B) Fly ash B) Limestone fines B)

% % %
0 0 0
30 20 10
50 35 15
70 60 20
90 — —
A)
The remaining percentage comprises CEM I cement.
B)
Expressed as a percentage of the mass of combination.

C.3 Monthly tests on individual Portland cement with addition

Monthly bulk average samples of the addition and each CEM I cement source
are obtained either from the material suppliers or by blending not less than
eight spot samples of similar mass, taken regularly throughout the month. These
composite samples are combined in the ratios:
a) 50:50 for ggbs to CEM I cement;
b) 15:85 for limestone fines to CEM I cement; or
c) 30:70 for fly ash to CEM I cement.
Tests for strength are carried out in accordance with BS EN 196-1 at 2 days and
at 28 days. The mean strength, M, of each combination of addition and a
specific CEM I cement is the average of the most recent monthly strength tests
taken over a period of not less than 6 months and not more than 12 months.

C.4 Estimation of statistical margin

The statistical margin, m, is either taken as +5 N/mm2 on the lower limits for
standard strength and +3 N/mm2 on early strength limits (see A.1), or calculated
by:
m = kAs
where kA is the acceptability constant which depends on the number of samples,
n.

© The British Standards Institution 2015 • 35

BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Values of kA corresponding to 5% of results outside of a required value can be

found in BS EN 197-1:2011, Table 6, in the 5% Pk column. In determining the
statistical margin, n is the number of spot sample test results used to calculate
the standard deviation.
The standard deviation, s, is determined from data based on the anticipated
most variable combination of CEM I cement and addition. The choice of the
nominated CEM I cement for the most variable combination is reviewed at least
every 2 years. The basis of the review is the variability of the monthly tests of
the various combinations given in C.3 or, where no historical data exist for
combinations, the variability of the autocontrol data for the various CEM I
cements where such information is available.
At least once a week, a spot sample of the addition and a spot sample of the
nominated CEM I cement are taken in accordance with BS EN 196-7 and
combined in the ratios shown in C.3. The combination is tested in accordance
with BS EN 196-1 for strength at 2 days and at 28 days. The standard deviation,
s, is calculated from the results of the tests carried out in the test period
corresponding to that used in C.3.

C.5 Establishment of limits on proportions

To determine the limits on proportions for the conformity of combinations to
strength class 42,5 N, construct a diagram showing the relationship obtained in
accordance with C.2 between 28-day strength and proportions for the addition
with a specific CEM I cement (see Figure C.1). On this diagram, mark a lower
limit of 42.5 N/mm2 + m corresponding to the lower limiting value from
Table A.1 plus the margin. Mark an upper limit of 62.5 N/mm2 corresponding to
the upper limiting value.
Then mark the point corresponding to the mean strength, M, determined in
accordance with C.3. Draw a line through this point, commensurate with the
relationship between 28-day strength and proportion.
Conformity with strength class 42,5 N is achieved for proportions where this line
is between the upper and lower limits.
Carry out a similar exercise for the 2-day strength results (in this case no upper
limit is applicable).
The proportions that conform to combination strength class 42,5 N are those for
which both early and 28-day strength requirements are met, subject also to their
not exceeding 85% for ggbs, 20% for limestone fines or 55% for fly ash.

36 • © The British Standards Institution 2015

BRITISH STANDARD BS 8500-2:2015

Figure C.1 Determination of conformity limits for combinations

Annex D BS 8500 provisions linked to

(informative)
BS EN 206 requirements
BS EN 206:2013, Annex M (Informative) lists those provisions which may be
augmented or replaced by provisions valid in the place of use. Table D.1 shows
where the BS 8500 provisions augment those of BS EN 206.

© The British Standards Institution 2015 • 37

BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Table D.1 Guidance on where to find BS 8500 provisions that cover BS EN 206 requirements that defer
to provisions in the place of use (1 of 2)

BS EN 206 BS 8500 Subject

Clause Para Part Clause/
Table
1 5 – – Additional or different requirements in other
European Standards
1 6 Part 2 Annex D Supplementary requirements: Designated concretes,
including cement-bound concrete
4.1 1 Part 1, A.2.1, Exposure classes. UK Example includes
Annex A Table A.1
4.1 2 Part 1, A.2.1, Exposure to chemical attack, classification of ground
Annex A Table A.2 conditions
5.1.1 2 Part 2 4 Constituent materials
5.1.2 2 Part 2 4.2, Cements and combinations
Table 1
5.1.3 1, 2, 3 Part 2 4.3.1–4.3.6 Aggregates, general suitability
Aggregates, recycled and manufactured
Aggregates needing additional requirements
5.1.5 2 Part 2 4.5 Admixtures
5.2.1 2, 5 Part 2 5, 9 Basic requirements
Standardized prescribed concrete
[Link] 1 Part 2 5.2 and Minimizing the risk of damaging alkali-silica
Annex B reactions in concrete
[Link] 2, 4, 5 Part 2 4.4.2–4.4.4 Additions
k-value concept
EPCC and ECPC
[Link].3 4 Part 2 4.4.4 k-value silica fume
[Link].4 1 Part 2 4.4.4 k-value ggbs
[Link] 3 Part 2 4.4.3 Equivalent Concrete Performance Concept
5.2.8 Table 15 Part 1 A.4.2 Chloride classes
5.3.2 1, 3 Part 1 A.4 Limiting values for concrete composition
50 year requirements
5.3.3 1 – – Performance related methods. No additional
provisions.
5.4.2 2 – – BS EN 1097-6 Water absorption of fines. No
additional provisions.
6.1 2 Part 1 4 Specification of concrete
6.4 2 Part 1 4.5 Standardized Prescribed Concrete
7.2 4 Part 1 5.2 Information from the producer of the concrete to
the specifier or user
7.3 3 Part 2 11 Delivery of fresh concrete
[Link] Table 17 Part 2 3.1.8 Production day
[Link].2 11 Part 2 12.2 Use of control charts
[Link] Table 21 Part 2 12.3 Conformity criteria for properties other than
strength at the point of delivery
[Link] Table 23 Part 2 12.3 Conformity criteria for target values of consistence
and viscosity
9.4 2 Part 2 9.4, 13 Production control testing at each place of
production

38 • © The British Standards Institution 2015

BRITISH STANDARD BS 8500-2:2015

Table D.1 Guidance on where to find BS 8500 provisions that cover BS EN 206 requirements that defer
to provisions in the place of use (2 of 2)

9.7 2 Part 2 13 Tolerance for the batching process of constituents.

No additional provisions
9.9 Table 28 Part 2 13.1 Calibration of weigh batch equipment
10.2 1 Part 2 12.1 Assessment, surveillance and certification of
production control
A.4 5 Part 2 Table 7 Composition of standardized prescribed concrete
D.2.1 1, 3 Part 2 4.2 Cement and combinations
D.3.3 1 Part 1 A.4 Water/cement ratio requirements
D.3.4 2 Part 1 A.11 Concrete for geotechnical works
Annex F 3 Part 1 A.4 Limiting values for concrete composition
Annex F Table F.1 Part 1 A.4 Limiting values for concrete composition, sulfate
resistance

© The British Standards Institution 2015 • 39

BS 8500-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

Bibliography
Standards publications
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
BS EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement – Part 7: Methods of taking and
preparing samples of cement
BS EN 196-21, Methods of testing cement – Part 21: Determination of the
chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of cement
BS EN 1097-6, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates –
Determination of particle density and water absorption
BS EN 12350-5, Testing fresh concrete – Part 5: Flow table test
BS EN 14889-1, Fibres for concrete – Part 1: Steel fibres – Definitions,
specifications and conformity
BS EN 14889-2, Fibres for concrete – Part 2: Polymer fibres – Definitions,
specifications and conformity
PD 6682-1, Aggregates – Part 1: Aggregates for concrete – Guidance on the use
of BS EN 12620
Other publications
[1] DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS INNOVATION AND SKILLS. Conformity
assessment and accreditation policy in the United Kingdom. April 2012.
[2] BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT. Concrete in aggressive ground.
Special Digest 1. Third edition. Watford: BRE, 2005.
[3] WASTE RESOURCES ACTION PLAN (WRAP), ENVIRONMENT AGENCY. Quality
Protocol – Aggregates from inert waste. WRAP, October 2013.
[4] WASTE RESOURCES ACTION PLAN (WRAP), ENVIRONMENT AGENCY. Quality
Protocol – Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA). WRAP, October 2010.
[5] QUILLIN, K. Delayed ettringite formation – In-situ concrete. Information
Paper IP11/01. Watford: Building Research Establishment, 2001. 5)
[6] QUILLIN, K., NIXON, P.J., MATTHEWS, J.D. and LONGWORTH, T.I. Concretes
with high ggbs contents for use in hard/firm secant piling. Information
paper IP 17/05. Watford: Building Research Establishment, 2005.
[7] EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 laying down harmonised
conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council
Directive 89/106/EEC. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the
European Communities, 2011.
[8] LIVESEY, P. BRE Digest 330: Alkali-silica reaction in concrete – the case for
revision, published in two parts. Part 1 is published in CONCRETE Vol.43,
No. 6, July 2009 and Part 2 is published in CONCRETE Vol.43, No. 7,
August 2009. 6)
[9] UK QUALITY ASH ASSOCIATION. UKQAA Technical Datasheet 1.7. 7)

5)
Available from BRE Bookshop, 151 Rosebery Avenue, London EC1R 4QX. Website:
<[Link] [last viewed 20 April 2015].
6)
Available from the MPA Cement website, at:
<[Link]
[last viewed 20 April 2015].
7)
Available from UKQAA website at: <[Link] [last viewed 20 April
2015].

40 • © The British Standards Institution 2015

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