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    Commodity
 
PEPPER
Description | Overview
Relation | History | Cultivation
between pattern | Pepper
Percentage producing countries |
 Shares   Indian pepper market |
above Major trading centers |
Support and Contract specifications
Delivery Description
Name
 change of   Pepper is a fruit-like
company unripe berry that is
Daily Trend obtained from a plant
   
Of Index namely, Piper Nigrum
Intraday (A perennial shrub
 Trend of   having spikes of white
Index flower and dark green
Results of
    leaves). These unripe
Daily Trend but mature berries are
Results of collected and dried in
 Intraday   the sun to get the black
Trend pepper. It is the earliest
 Results of   of the spices that are
the known to the world
 Intraday today. Pepper word is
Trend of derived from a Latin
the Current word ‘piper’ but the
Month origin of this word
Trend of comes from a Sanskrit
other word ‘pippali’ which
  means pepper only.
markets of
the world Pepper is also and
Technical rightly known as the
Analysis of 'king of spices’ as its
  usage makes it the
20 Active
Stocks most essential spice in
Analysis of the world.
Indian Overview
Stock
 
Market
Future As mentioned above,
Stocks pepper is said to be the
 Free ‘king of spices’
 
Newsletter because its usage
Technical round the world is
 
Terms more than any of the
Intraday spices present. It is
Trading also the oldest one.
 
chat  Room The production of
Samples pepper is dependent
 Newsletters   upon the hot and moist
Trend of weather conditions and
stocks & the pepper crop needs
their 200 these sorts of
conditions to prosper.
DMA
Currencies That is why it is
produced in countries
having this type of
climate.
The topmost pepper
producing countries
forms part of the
International Pepper
Community Countries
(IPC) covering about
85% of the pepper
world’s trade. The
world’s total
production was
recorded at 3.25 lakhs
tons in 2003. The
pepper exports
fluctuates around 2.25
lakhs tons and the
major export share is
held by Vietnam with
85 thousand tons. The
table below shows the
major exporters of
pepper in the world: -
Exports
Countrie (thousand
s tons)
Vietnam 82
 Indonesia 57
Brazil 37.9
Malaysia 18.5
India 17.2
Earlier, India was
leading the list of the
pepper producing
countries but after
1999, Vietnam took the
lead as it put more area
under pepper
production. The
world’s total pepper
demand was about 2.2
lakh tons in 2001-02.
  Pepper was the one of
the first crops that was
cultivated in India. It is
usually found in the
southern and
southwestern regions
of Indian subcontinent.
India’s pepper
production constitutes
26% to the world’s
pepper production.
Kerala holds the
biggest share in India’s
total pepper production
contributing to a
staggering 96%. The
remaining production
is contributed by
Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, Pondichery and
Andaman & Nicobar.
 
History

Pepper has a long

history that is 4000
years old and it moves
back to even before
410A.D. It had been
continuously used as a
medicine for various
ailments such as fever,
digestive problems and
stomach aches. Pepper
has a quality that it
helps in cooling down
the body as it activates
perspiration. The
monks also used it
because it was said to
boost their endurance
during their long treks.
It was also used by the
Chinese to cure
Cholera and Malaria.
Pepper has always
been a valuable
commodity and has
been used as a mode of
payment. It was used
to pay rent in England.
Taxes could also be
paid through pepper in
the ancient times.
Pepper was much used
by the Romans too. It
was considered that
fine cookery was
incomplete without the
use of pepper. Until
18th century, the
Portuguese dominated
the pepper trade as
they discovered the sea
route to India and they
used this route for
taking pepper to their
country. In India,
pepper was known
even before Alexander
marched in the
country.
The last part of the
20th century has
shown a high increase
in pepper production
as new plantations
were found out in
major pepper
producing countries of
the world.
 
Cultivation pattern

As already discussed
previously, the pepper
plant needs a hot and
humid weather and
also it needs a good
rainfall and partial
shades to prosper. The
pepper plant has
lifetime of around 40
years and starts
producing the berries
after 2-5 years. The
pepper crop is grown
as a mixed crop in
India. The productivity
of pepper in India is
low as compared to the
other pepper producing
countries. This one of
the reasons for India’s
losing grip of the
pepper production to
other countries.
  The sowing period of
pepper plants in India
is generally May-June.
The crop sown in
May-June is harvested
from December to
February. The
harvesting period may
alter depending upon
the geographical
location i.e. in hilly
areas it may start from
January and can extend
up to March and in
plains the harvesting
period may start from
November up to
January.
  Harvesting periods of
pepper crop out side
India is also different
from the harvesting
period in India. June-
July is the harvesting
period in Sarawak
(Malaysia), August-
September in Brazil,
July-September in
Lampung (Indonesia).
 
Pepper producing
countries
 

 Vietnam (85000
tons)
 Indonesia (67000
tons)
 India (65000 tons)
 Brazil (35000
tons)
 Malaysia (22000
tons)
 Sri Lanka (12750
tons)
 Thailand
 China
Before 1999, India was
the leading pepper
producing country and
Indonesia was on the
second place. But
1999, Vietnam took the
lead from India by
putting more land
under cultivation and
increased its
production to 8.5 lakh
tons. Now Vietnam has
become the leading
exporter of pepper also
with an amount of 82
lakh tons leaving India
far behind. One of the
reasons for this change
is the low productivity
of pepper in India i.e.
306 Kg per hectare as
compared to that of
Thailand that is about
4000 Kg per hectare.
Production of pepper
in India
India had been
producing pepper for a
very long time. India
contributes to about
20% of the world’s
pepper production and
the area under pepper
production is about
2.25 lakh hectares.
Pepper is found in
southern and
southwestern regions
of India. Kerala is
leading pepper-
producing state in
India contributing to
around 96% of the total
production followed by
Karnataka. The major
districts of Kerala,
which are indulged in
pepper production, are
Calicut, Cannanore,
Kottayam and Idukki.
The major districts,
which are indulged in
pepper production in
Karnataka, are
Kodagu, North Kanara,
South Kanara and
Shimoga. Following
are the states other than
Kerala and Karnataka
in which pepper is
being produced

 Maharashtra
 Goa
  Madhya Pradesh
 Andhra Pradesh
 West Bengal
 Orissa
 Assam
 Tripura
 Meghalaya
 Arunachal
Pradesh
 Mizoram
 Nagaland
 Manipur
 Pondicherry
 Andaman and
Nicobar Islands
Indian pepper
market

India has been the

oldest pepper
producing countries
and one of the biggest
markets of the
premium grade of
pepper. Pepper in India
mostly gets harvested
at the beginning of the
year only. Kerala is the
leading pepper
producing state in
India.
But in the current
scenario the production
of pepper in India has
reduced drastically. As
compared to the
production of 80000
tons of pepper in 2002,
the production has fell
to 65000 tons in 2003.
As a result, the exports
of pepper from India
also felt a downfall
from 24914 tons in
2002 to 17200 tons in
2003. This was just 8%
of the total exports in
the world. The last 40
years didn’t get to see
such a low quantity of
exports. Also, the %
export of total
production in India is
declined 31% in 2002
to 26% in 2003. The
table below shows the
trend of exports in
India from 1991 to
2005
Indian
Years Exports
(tons)
1991 13031
1992 11389
1993 20792
1994 48661
1995 37005
1996 25821
1997 47624
1998 35842
1999 34293
2000 36314
2001 18798
2002 17374
2003 21609
2004 16635
2005 14150
  Market Influencing
Factors

 The production
and exports of
other pepper
producing
countries even
though the grade
India produces is
 the premium
grade.
 Year ending
stocks
 Stocks -
consumption ratio
 Annual
production
weather during
the year.
 Holdings by the
producers
 Import – Export
policy of the
government
 Large scale
imports from Sri
Lanka and then
again exporting
the same to Sri
Lanka
 
Major trading centers
of pepper
 

 New York
 Singapore
 Rotterdam
  Lampung -
Indonesia
(primary
international
grades
 Sarawak –
Malaysia (primary
international
grades
 Vietnam (primary
international
grades
 Kochi - India
(malabar grade)
  In India, pepper is
traded at

 Cochin
 Alleppey
 Calicut
 Nedumangad
 Konni
 Adoor
 Pala
 Alwaye
 Thodupuzha
 Chalakudy
 Badagara
 Cannanore
  Tellicherry
 Kanjangad
 Kasaradod
 Mumbai.
Also, pepper is traded
in Indian commodity
exchanges namely,
National Commodity
& Derivatives
Exchange ltd, Multi
Commodity
Exchange of India  
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