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Manometer Practice Problems Worksheet

This document contains 11 practice problems involving manometers, which are devices used to measure pressure. The problems involve calculating pressure values based on factors like the heights that liquids rise to in the manometer tubes, densities of the different liquids used, and differences in liquid column heights. The key principles are that pressure can be determined from the densities and heights of columns of liquids in a manometer, and that liquids of higher density rise to lesser heights to equate to the same pressure.

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Ali Al Abdullah
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745 views2 pages

Manometer Practice Problems Worksheet

This document contains 11 practice problems involving manometers, which are devices used to measure pressure. The problems involve calculating pressure values based on factors like the heights that liquids rise to in the manometer tubes, densities of the different liquids used, and differences in liquid column heights. The key principles are that pressure can be determined from the densities and heights of columns of liquids in a manometer, and that liquids of higher density rise to lesser heights to equate to the same pressure.

Uploaded by

Ali Al Abdullah
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Manometer Practice Sheet

Student ID: Date:

Class workPractice sheet: Manometers


1. A pressure tube is used to measure the pressure of oil (mass density, 640 kg/m 3) in a pipeline. If the
oil rises to a height of 1.2 above the centre of the pipe, what is the gauge pressure in N/m 2 at that
point? (Assume gravity = 9.81 m/s2) [Ans: 7.55 kN/m2]

2. What is the atmospheric pressure in N/m 2 if the level of mercury in a Barometer (as shown in figure)
tube is 760 mm above the level of the mercury in the bowl? Given the specific gravity of mercury is
13.6 and specific weight of water is 9.81×103 N/m3. [Ans: 101.3 kN/m2]

3. A U-tube manometer similar to that shown in the figure is used to measure


the gauge pressure of water (mass density ρ = 1000 kg/m 3). If the density of
mercury is 13.6×103 kg/m3, what will be the gauge pressure at A if h 1 = 0.45
m and D is 0.7 m above BC. [Ans: 88.97 kN/m2]

4. A U-tube manometer similar to that shown in the figure is used to measure the
gauge pressure of a fluid P of density ρ = 1000 kg/m 3. If the density of the
liquid Q is 13.6×103 kg/m3, what will be the gauge pressure at A if h 1 = 0.15
m and h2 = 0.25 m above BC. Take into consideration patm = 101.3 kPa.
[Ans: 70.84 kPa]

5. The U-tube manometer measures the pressure of water at A which is


below the atmospheric pressure. If the specific weight of mercury is 13.6
times that of water and the atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa, find what is
the absolute pressure at A when h 1 = 10 cm, h2 = 25 cm and the specific
weight of water is 9.81 kN/m3. [Ans: 66.965 kPa]

6. A U tube manometer measures the pressure difference between two


points A and B in a liquid. The U tube contains mercury. Calculate the
difference in pressure if h =1.5 m, h2 = 0.75 m and h1 = 0.5 m. The
liquid at A and B is water ( ω = 9.81 × 103 N/m2) and the specific
gravity of mercury is 13.6. [Ans: 54.44 kPa]
7. A U tube manometer measures the pressure difference between two
points A and B in a liquid. The U tube contains mercury. Calculate the
Student ID: Date:

Class workPractice sheet: Manometers


difference in pressure if h = 2.0 m, h2 = 0.35 m and h1 = 0.5 m. The liquid at A and B is oil ( s = 0.85 )
and the specific gravity of mercury is 13.6. [Ans: 69626.475 Pa]

8. Freshwater and seawater flowing in parallel pipelines are


connected to each other by a double U −tube manometer, as
shown in the figure. Determine the pressure difference between
the two pipelines. Take the density of sea water as

ρ=1035 kg/ m3, density of air as ρ=1.2kg /m3, density of mercury

as ρ=13,600 kg/m3 and density of fresh water as ρ=1000 kg/ m3.

[Ans: 3.39 Pa]

9. A multi-fluid container is connected to a U −tube, as shown in the


figure. For the given specific gravities and fluid column heights,
determine the gauge pressure at A. Also determine the height of a
mercury column that would create the same pressure as that at A.
[Ans: 0.471 kPa; 0.353 m]

10. Calculate the absolute pressure P1, of the manometer shown in

the figure. The local atmospheric pressure is 758 mm of Hg. The

specific weights of fluid A and fluid B are 10 kN / m3 and 8 kN /m3

respectively. [Ans: 102.7 kPa]

11. (Challenging question to students): A two liquid double column enlarged-ends manometer is used
to measure pressure difference between two points. The basins are partially filled with liquid of
specific gravity 0.75 and the lower portion of U-tube is filled with mercury of specific gravity 13.6.
The diameter of the basin is 20 times higher than that of the U-tube. Find the pressure difference if
the U-tube reading is 25 mm and the liquid in the pipe has a specific weight of 0.475 N/m3. [Ans:
31.51 kPa]

Common questions

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Atmospheric pressure impacts the absolute pressure reading by serving as the reference point for pressures measured in the manometer. The absolute pressure is the sum of the gauge pressure measured by the manometer and the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, variations in atmospheric pressure will directly affect the absolute pressure reading, necessitating its consideration in calculations .

The specific gravity of a fluid affects the gauge pressure by determining the pressure exerted per unit height of fluid column. The gauge pressure is calculated using the density of the fluid, where specific gravity is used to compare with the density of water. In a manometer, a fluid with higher specific gravity like mercury will exert greater pressure per unit height, affecting the overall gauge pressure reading .

The specific gravity of a manometer fluid directly influences the precision of pressure measurements. Fluids with high specific gravity, such as mercury, allow for more sensitive and wide-ranging measurements in the same spatial setup due to larger pressure exertion per unit height. This is critical in choosing a manometer fluid, as it determines the measurement range and sensitivity of the pressure readings, which are crucial for precise scientific applications .

The diameter ratio between the basin and the U-tube in a manometer affects the level of precision in measurement and the effect of capillarity. A larger basin compared to the U-tube minimizes the movement of liquid in the basin for a given pressure change, allowing for a more accurate and dampened reading. It also reduces capillary effects which could distort readings, especially in narrow tubes .

A multi-fluid manometer determines gauge pressure by utilizing multiple fluid columns with known densities and heights. By applying Pascal's principle and hydrostatic pressure formulas to each fluid segment, the total pressure at a point can be determined. The gauge pressure is the resulting computation of the cumulative pressures considering each fluid's density, gravity, and height .

In a double U-tube manometer, the pressure difference is determined by the densities of the fluids in the pipelines and the manometer, as well as the gravitational constant. The height differences of the fluid columns in the manometer arms contribute to the pressure differential. The various densities allow for calculation of pressure exerted by fluid columns of different heights .

The density of the fluid influences the pressure measurement as the hydrostatic pressure is directly proportional to the fluid density and the height of the fluid column. In a U-tube manometer, a higher density fluid like mercury will show a smaller height difference for a given pressure than a fluid of lower density such as water. This results in different height readings for different fluid densities despite measuring the same pressure difference .

To calculate the gauge pressure in a U-tube manometer, use the equation: Gauge Pressure = density of the fluid × gravitational acceleration × height difference of the fluid column. This equation applies to the specific heights and densities of the involved fluids, taking into account the pressure differences caused by the heights of the fluid columns within the manometer .

Calculating absolute pressure below atmospheric pressure involves determining the gauge pressure using fluid heights and densities, then subtracting this from atmospheric pressure since the point lies below atmospheric levels. Absolute Pressure = Atmospheric Pressure - Gauge Pressure, where Gauge Pressure is calculated using: density × gravitational acceleration × height difference .

To determine the mercury column height equivalent to a known gauge pressure from a different fluid, use the pressure-height equation: Pressure = density × gravity × height. Solve for height using the known gauge pressure and the density of mercury. This can be calculated by rearranging the equation to height = Pressure / (density of mercury × gravity).

Student ID: Date: Class work  Practice sheet: Manometers 1. A pressure tube is used to measure the press
Student ID: Date: Class work  Practice sheet: Manometers difference in pressure if h = 2.0 m, h2 = 0.35

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