What is research?
Research is a process of solving problems and finding facts in an organized manner
What is methodology?
Methodology is the systematic and theoretical analysis of methods that applied in a field of study.
What is research methodology?
An investigation undertaken in order to discover new fact’s to get additional information.
Two types of research
1) Basic research
Basic research is the pure and fundamental research which is necessary to generate new
knowledge
2) Applied research
Applied research is providing solution to the specific problems. It is necessary to identify priority
problems.
Quantitative research
It involves the collection and analysis of objective data in the numerical form
Qualitative research
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e
Primary Data
Primary data is the data that originates for the first time by the researchers.
Also known as first Hand collection or raw data
Secondary Data
It is second hand information which is already collected by any person.
Also known as published data.
What is Literature review in research?
A literature review is an overview of the previously published works on a specific topic.
Discussion
The purpose of the discussion section is to interpret and describe the significance of our findings in
relation to what was already known about the research problem being investigated and to explain any
new findings that is a result of our research.
Topic selection
1. Interest
2. Revalence
3. Avoidance to duplication
4. Feasibility
5. Politically acceptable
6. Applicable
7. Cost effectiveness
8. Ethical consideration
9. Timeliness
Research reading
1. Fast
2. Scanning
3. Forcely
4. Pronounce
5. Discriminative
Total working days of project 8days
Transport expenses= 20000
Proforma and thesis print= 2000
VD report = 3000
Total cost effective is 25,000
Our total patient were 100 pregnant females
43 found with VD deficiency
30 found with insufficiency
27 found with sufficiency
Maximum number of females were found in the age group of 15 to 25
77 females take multivitamins tablets
68 females take vitamin D tablets
55 takes calcium tablets
Disease of bones were mostly found in their family member is mother
14 with bone Diseases
Famels take short time exposure to sun mostly females are indoor due the lack of sun light
exposure they are with this VD deficiency
1-2 h/d 53 females expouser to sun
5-6 h/d 14 females exposure to sun ( 14 females were found that they mostly spend time
under sun light because their laboure activities and field activity and for the reseaon of
domestic animals )
Data collection
A predesigned proforma / questionnaire was filled to obtain relevant information. The
Questionnaire was filled by face to face interview
Study area and topic
The present study was conducted at the Bibi Fatima (R.A) Maternity Home at Gambat
City, Sindh, Pakistan to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant
Women.
Firstly A predesigned proforma / questionnaire was filled to obtain relevant information. The
Questionnaire was filled by face to face interview
Then take a blood test, During blood test ,A blood sample was taken through vein of patient,
using a small disposable needle. After
the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood (2cc) was collected into a test tube or gel
tube in which anti-coagulant chemical was present for prevention of blood clotting.
Automated Electrochemiluminesenece immunoassay (ECLIA) technique machine
Technology is used for measurement of vitamin D levels of collected blood samples.