TRANSCULTURAL NURSING Concepts, Theories, Research, and Practice THIRD EDITION
TRANSCULTURAL NURSING Concepts, Theories, Research, and Practice THIRD EDITION
Madeleine Leininger,PhD, LHD, DS, CTN, RN, FAAN, FRCNA Professor Emeritus College of Nursing Wayne
State University Detroit, Michigan Adjunct Faculty Member College of Nursing University of Nebraska
Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska Founder and Leader of Transcultural Nursing and Leader of Human
Care Research Omaha, Nebraska Marilyn R. McFarland,PhD, MSN, CTN, RN Adjunct Faculty Member
Crystal M. Lange College of Nursing and Health Sciences Saginaw Valley State University University
Center, Michigan
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Transcultural Nursing: Concepts, Theories, Research, and Practice, Third Edition Copyright C 1978, 1995,
2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system,
without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1234567890 DOCDOC 0987654321 ISBN 0-07-
135397-6 This book was set in Times Roman by TechBooks. The editors were Andrea Seils and John M.
Morriss. The production supervisor was Catherine H. Saggese. Project management was provided by
Andover Publishing Services. The cover designer was Aimee Nordin. The index was done by Andover
Publishing Services. R.R. Donnelley & Sons, Crawfordsville, was printer and binder. This book is printed
on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Leininger, Madeleine M.
Transcultural nursing : concepts, theories, research & practice / authors, Madeleine Leininger, Marilyn R.
McFarland. — 3rd ed. p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: Transcultural nursing. 2nd ed. c1995. Includes bibliographical
references and index. ISBN 0-07-135397-6 1. Transcultural nursing. I. McFarland, Marilyn R. II.
Transcultural nursing. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Transcultural Nursing. 2. Cross-Cultural Comparison. 3. Cultural
Diversity. 4. Philosophy, Nursing. WY 107 L531t 2002] RT86.54 .L44 2002 610.73—dc21