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Research Design and Methodology Guide

This document discusses research methodology and design. It defines key elements of a research question such as the topic, aims, and methodology. It then describes different types of research designs including descriptive, experimental, simulation, and correlation designs. For each design, it provides examples of how data can be collected and analyzed. The document concludes with two assignment questions, one asking to discuss aspects of the research process and the other providing a template to design one's own research plan.

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Mohammed Khaled Al-Thobhani
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8 views9 pages

Research Design and Methodology Guide

This document discusses research methodology and design. It defines key elements of a research question such as the topic, aims, and methodology. It then describes different types of research designs including descriptive, experimental, simulation, and correlation designs. For each design, it provides examples of how data can be collected and analyzed. The document concludes with two assignment questions, one asking to discuss aspects of the research process and the other providing a template to design one's own research plan.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Khaled Al-Thobhani
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Research Methodology

1st Semester
2021-2022
Research Methodology

Unit III
Research Design
A good research questions should define the following:
• a research topic,
• a research aims and objectives and
• a research methodology(approaches, methods and techniques of investigation).

As far as the above elements have been defined clearly and precisely, the
research design should be built/constructed accordingly.
The main function of a research design is to answer the question, "how can a
research’s set aims and objectives be attained/reached within available
resources and time constraints?”.

A good research design should incorporate/address the following:


• a research questions,
• methods of data collection,
• required techniques and tools of data analysis,
• needed resources, skills and interests of a researcher and
• all research elements are “doable”.
Types of Research Design

There are numerous types of research design including:

• descriptive research design,


• experimental,
• simulation and
• correlation research design.

The selection of a certain research design depends mainly on the nature of


problems posed by the set aims and objectives.

Features/characteristics of common research designs are as follows.


Types of Research Design

I. Descriptive Research Design

Surveys

Means of Data
Interviews
Collection
Research’s
Aims and Objectives Descriptive
Research Design
Questionnaire
“ Research’s
Problems/Questions”
Means of Data Statistical
Attempts to examine
certain situations in Analysis techniques
order to predict what
can be happened
under the same
conditions.
Types of Research Design

II. Experimental Research Design

Means of Data
Collection
Measurements
Research’s
Aims and Objectives Experimental
Research Design Statistical
“ Research’s
Problems/Questions” Means of Data and/or
Analysis Analytical
Attempts to isolate and
control every relevant Techniques
condition/variable, which
determines the events
investigated , and then
observes the effects when
the conditions are
manipulated.
“ Cause and Effect”
Types of Research Design

III. Simulation Research Design

Physical model
Means of Data (measurements devices)
Collection
Research’s Computer model
Simulation (mathematical calculations)
Aims and Objectives
Research
“ Research’s Design
Problems/Questions” Means of Data Historical measurements,
Calibration records or surveys

Statistical, analytical
Attempts to devise an Means of Data and/or
artificial environment Analysis
(model) that represents the Graphical
real system (conditions).
This system or model can be
physical i.e. (2-D & 3-D) or
computer model.
Types of Research Design

IV. Correlation Research Design


Questionnaire

Means of Data
Research’s Collection Interviews
Correlation
Aims and Objectives Research
“ Research’s Design Experimental
Problems/Questions”

Correlation, in its Statistical


simplest, is focused on Means of
(co relational analysis)
the investigation of the Data Analysis
influence or effect of one
variable on the other
variable(s). The cause is
referred as the
independent variable;
whereas the variable(s)
which are affected are
referred as the
dependent variable(s).
Research Methodology
2021-2022
Assignment No. 1&2

Question one:
Discuss, in detail, the following:
a) research process,
b) research types,
c) research approaches and
d) research methods.

Question two:
Provide, from your own area of study, a research design/plan. The research
design/plan should include the following:
a) research topic,
b) research questions (aims and objectives),
c) research approaches,
d) research methods,
e) means of data collection,
f) means of data analysis and
g) completion period i.e. time table for completion of a research’s various
tasks/activities.

Common questions

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When constructing a research design, considerations should include defining research questions clearly, selecting appropriate data collection methods, employing suitable data analysis techniques, ensuring the required resources, skills, and researcher interests are available, and ensuring all research elements are feasible within time and resource constraints .

A research design plan should include the research topic, research questions (aims and objectives), research approaches, research methods, means of data collection, means of data analysis, and a timeline for task completion. These elements are critical as they provide a structured framework that guides the research process, ensuring that the research objectives are attainable, effective, and completed within defined constraints .

The selection of a research design impacts the research process and outcomes by determining the approach to data collection, the methods of analysis, and the nature of the inferences that can be drawn. For instance, experimental designs allow for causal inferences through controlled manipulation, while descriptive designs focus on observing and predicting behaviors under fixed conditions .

In experimental research designs, data collection involves direct measurements to observe the effects of controlled conditions, often in a lab setting. Conversely, descriptive research designs rely on surveys, interviews, and questionnaires to collect data about existing phenomena without manipulation .

A simulation research design models real-world systems by creating either physical or computer models that replicate actual conditions. To ensure model accuracy, historical measurements, records, or surveys are used for calibration, and statistical, analytical, or graphical methods are applied in data analysis to verify the simulation results .

Defining research methods in a research design is crucial as they dictate how data will be collected and analyzed, directly influencing the reliability and validity of research findings. Appropriate methods ensure that the research objectives are met effectively by providing the necessary data to answer the research questions within resource and timing constraints .

In descriptive research designs, statistical techniques are used to analyze the data obtained from surveys and interviews to predict outcomes under similar conditions. In simulation research designs, statistical techniques, alongside analytical and graphical methods, help calibrate and interpret the models that represent real systems, often incorporating historical data .

An experimental research design aims to isolate and control conditions to observe effects when these conditions are manipulated, focusing on 'cause and effect' through measurements and statistical or analytical techniques. Meanwhile, a correlation research design investigates the influence of one variable on another without manipulating them directly, using questionnaires, interviews, and statistical analysis such as correlation analysis .

A good research question should define the following components: a research topic, research aims and objectives, and research methodology, including approaches, methods, and techniques of investigation .

A descriptive research design aims to examine certain situations to predict outcomes under similar conditions. It uses surveys, interviews, and questionnaires for data collection, and statistical techniques for data analysis .

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