Jann Ranniel M.
Panlilio
12- Pythagoras
What’s New
Organelle Prokaryote Eukaryote Function
Cell membrane Provides protection for
a cell. It also provides a
fixed environment
inside the cell, and that
membrane has several
different functions.
Cell wall Protects the cell,
provides structural
support, and gives
shape to the cell while
the central vacuole
plays a key role in
regulating the cell's
concentration of water
in changing
environmental
conditions.
Nucleus The “brains” of the cell,
the nucleus directs cell
activities and contains
genetic material called
chromosomes made of
DNA.
Mitochondria Make energy out of
food
chloroplast Use sunlight to create
food by photosynthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum Synthesis of lipids,
(smooth) steroid hormones, the
detoxification of
harmful metabolic
byproducts and the
storage and
metabolism of calcium
ions within the cell.
Golgi apparatus Make, process and
package proteins
Lysosomes Responsible for the
digestion of
macromolecules, old
cell parts, and
microorganisms.
Ribosomes Make protein
Endoplasmic Proteins synthesized by
reticulum (rough) the RER have specific
final destinations, such
as the cell membrane,
cell exterior, or the ER
itself.
Vacuole To hold various
solutions or materials.
This includes solutions
that have been created
and are being stored or
excreted, and those
that have been
phagocytized, or
engulfed, by the cell.
What’s More
Organelle Plant Animal Bacteria
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Mitochondria
DNA
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Wall
Golgi Appratus
What I Have Learned
1. Let me tell you some of the important things I‘ve learned about prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells. First, I‘ll start with the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells
Prokaryotes are simple, small cells, whereas eukaryotic cells are complex,
large structured and are present in trillions which can be single celled or multicellular.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a well-defined nucleus but DNA molecule is located in the cell,
termed as nucleoid, whereas eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus, where genetic
material is stored. Based on the structure and functions, cells are broadly classified as
Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotic Cells are the most primitive kind of cells and
lack few features as compared to the eukaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells have evolved from
prokaryotic cells only but contain different types of organelles like Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
body, Mitochondria etc., which are specific in their functions. But features like growth,
response, and most importantly giving birth to the young ones are the commonly shared by all
living organisms.
2. Next, I‘ll tell you examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Escherichia coli bacterium is a prokaryote, as is the streptococcus bacterium
responsible for strep throat. The Streptomyces soil bacterium, from which the antibiotic
streptomycin is derived, is also a prokaryotic organism. The entire subclasses of archaea are
also prokaryotes, mostly remarkable because of their ability to thrive in very harsh
environments. An example of archaea is the Sulfolobus acidocaldarius archeobacterium that
lives in extremely acidic mud pots in geothermal active areas. Another one is ingle celled
organisms like yeast, paramecia and amoebae are all eukaryotes. Grass, potatoes, and pine
trees are all eukaryotes, as are algae, mushrooms, and tapeworms. And, of course, moles, fruit
flies, and you are also examples of eukaryotes.
3. Lastly, I now really know about and understand that prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Cells
Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any
membrane-encased organelles. This means the genetic material DNA in prokaryotes is not
bound within a nucleus. In addition, the DNA is less structured in prokaryotes than in
eukaryotes: in prokaryotes, DNA is a single loop while in Eukaryotes DNA is organized into
chromosomes. Most prokaryotes are made up of just a single cell (unicellular) but there are a
few that are made of collections of cells (multicellular). Eukaryotes are organisms made up of
cells that possess a membrane-bound nucleus (that holds DNA in the form of chromosomes) as
well as membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic organisms may be multicellular or single-celled
organisms. All animals are eukaryotes. Other eukaryotes include plants, fungi, and protists.
What I Can Do
Directions: Draw a prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic cell on a separate sheet of paper. Label the
prominent structures and if possible note the name of the species.
Prokaryotic Cell ( Bacteria )
Eukaryotic cell