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Percentile Classes
Logarithm

Table of Content

➢ Theory………………………………….02

➢ Exercise 01 : Basic Level………...…05

➢ Exercise 02 : Medium Level………..11

➢ Exercise 03 : Advance Level……….17

➢ Exercise 04 : Short Answer Type….31

➢ Exercise 05 : Past years Questions..36

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Percentile Classes
Logarithm Theory
Properties and Formulas of 10. 𝐼𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑥 ∀ a > 0, a ≠1, b
Logarithm ≠0 and 𝑥 ∈ R
(𝑖) 𝑙𝑜𝑔(1/𝑎) 𝑏 = - 𝑥
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 1 = 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1 1
(ii) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 ( ) = - 𝑥
𝑏
1
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 a = 1, a > 0, a ≠ 1 (iii) 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 ( ) = 𝑥
𝑏𝑎

1
𝑥 11. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑚 (𝑏) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑥 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 > 0 𝑚

4. 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 > 0 12. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 is a decreasing function,

NOTE: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 is the inverse function of 𝑎 𝑥 . if 0 < a < 1

5. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (m. n) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 m + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 n

∀ 𝑚, 𝑛 > 0, 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 13. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥 is an increasing function,
if a > 1
6. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (m / n) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 m - 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 n
∀ 𝑚, 𝑛 > 0, 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 Restrictions with Logarithm of
Any Number
For logarithm of any number to be
7. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (𝑚𝑛 ) = n 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 m ∀ 𝑚 > defined, the number should be
0, 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 greater than zero and base should
be positive and not equal to 1.
1
8. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 ( ) = - 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 m ∀ 𝑚 >
𝑚  loga x to be defined as x>0
0, 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 and a>0 and a ≠ 1

 log of negative number is not

1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑏
9. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = = m ∀ a, b, defined. For example, log(-10)
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑎
is not defined.
c > 0 and a ≠1, b ≠1, c ≠1

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 Log to the base of any Logarithmic Inequality

negative number or log to the
base = 1 is not defined. For Case I:If base(assume to be N) > 1
example, log (-5)x is not
defined. Similarly, log1x is not (i) If x > y, then log 𝑁 𝑥 > log 𝑁 𝑦.
defined.
It can be seen with the help of a (ii) Vice versa of the above rule
graph (log x is also given is also true, i.e., if
alongside.) log 𝑁 𝑥>log 𝑁 𝑦➔ x > y

Case II: If base = N is 0 <N< 1

(i) If x > y, then log 𝑁 𝑥<log 𝑁 𝑦

(ii)Vice versa of the above rule

is also true, i.e., if log 𝑁 𝑥 > log 𝑁 𝑦
➔x < y

Base change Rule

Following observation can be Till now all rules and theorems you
made from this graph: have studied in Logarithms have
been related to operations on logs
1. Value of y can be negative with the same basis. However,
for some value of x. there are a lot of situations in
Logarithm problems where you
2. Value of x cannot be negative have to operate on logs having
in any case. different basis. The base change
rule is used in such situations.
This rule states that
3. For constant x, if base is lying
(i) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (𝑏) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 (𝑏)/ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 (𝑎)
in between 0 and 1, then log x
becomes decreasing function. It is one of the most important rules
for solving logarithms
Otherwise, it is an increasing
function.
(ii)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑎) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 (a) / 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 (𝑏)

A corollary of this rule is

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Mantissa: The decimal part is

(iii) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (𝑏) = 1/𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (a) known as mantissa and is always
positive.
e.g., In 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥, the integral part
CHARACTERISTICS AND of x is called the characteristic and
MANTISSA decimal part of x is called the
mantissa.
Characteristics: The integral part For example: In log 3274 =
of logarithm is known as 3.5150, the integral part is 3
characteristic. i.e., characteristic is 3 and the
decimal part is .5150 i.e.,
mantissa is .5150.

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Exercise 01
(Basic Level)
1. What is the value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔3√3 27?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

2. Find the logarithm of 144 to the base 2√3:

(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 2√3 (d) none of these

3. Evaluate log (36√6) to the base 6.

(a) 1/2 (b) 5/2 (c) 3/2 (d) 7/2

81 25 16
4. Find the value of 3log + 5𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 7𝑙𝑜𝑔
80 24 15
(a) log2 (b) log3 (c) 1 (d) None of these

5. If log102 = 0.301 find log10125.

(a) 2.097 (b) 2.301 (c) 2.10 (d) 2.087

6. log328 = ?
(a) 2/5 (b) 5/3 (c) 3/5 (d) 4/5

7. loga4+ loga16+ loga64+ loga256 = 10. Then a = ?

(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 5

8. If logmn=p, then:
(a) m=p (b) pn=m (c) mp=n (d) np=m

9. If loga(mn) is equal to:

(a) loga(m) (b) logam × logan
(c) logam + logan (d) logam − logan

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𝑚
10. loga( ) is equal to?
𝑛
(a) loga(m-n) (b) logam − logan
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑚
(b) ( ) (d) logam ÷ logan
𝑛

11. The value of log8127 is:

4 3 1
(a) 37 (b) (c) (d)
3 4 3

1
12. The value of log36 is:
216
2 3 1
(a) (b) - (c) (d) none of these
3 2 6

13. Find the value of log10(0.0001) is:

1
(a) (b) -3 (c) -4 (d) none of these
1000

14. The value of log (0.01)(10000) is:

(a) 1/2 (b) -2 (c) 1/4 (d) -4

15. The value of log2 log2 log3 log5(125)3 is:

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

16. The value of log2 log2 log2 log2(65536) is:

(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

17. The value of log101 +log1010+ log10100+…. Log1010000000000

(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 11111111111 (d) 55

18. The value of log55+ log552+ log553+….+ log55n

(𝑛+1)𝑛
(a) n! (b) n2-1 (c) (d) none of these
2

19. The value of 216log649 is:

(a) 117694 (b) 117649 (c) 65631 (d) none of these

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20. log625√5 = ?
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 1/8 (d) 1/4

1 1 1
21. + + is equal to:
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑐
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

1 1 1
22. The value of [ + + ] is:
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎/𝑏 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏/𝑐 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐/𝑎 𝑥
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) abc (d) x3

23. The value of (logtan10+logtan20+….+logtan890) is:

1
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) (d) 1
√2

24. If a, b, c, are in GP then log10a,log10b,log10c are in;

(a) GP (b) HP (c) AP (d) none of these

25. If log10x,log10y,log10z are in AP then x, y, z are in:

(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) none of these

Solutions Exercise 01
1. Ans. (a)
2
Solution: log 3√3 27 = log 3√3 (3√3) =
3. Ans. (b)
2 log 3√3 3√3 = 2.
Solution: log 6 36√6 = log 6 62.5 =
Hence option (a) is the answer.
2.5(log 6 6) = 2.5
Hence, option (b) is the
2. Ans. (b)
answer.
Solution:
4
𝑙𝑜𝑔2√3 144 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2√3 (2√3) = 4 4. Ans. (a)
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81 81 logam + logan
Solution: 3 log = log[ ]3 ; 5 log
80 80
25 25 16 16
= log [ ]5 ; 7log = log [ ]7
24 24 15 15 10. Ans. (b)
𝑚
81 25 16
Solution: loga( )
𝑛
So, 3log + 5 log + 7log
80 24 15 logam − logan
= log
11. Ans. (c)
81 25 16
([ ]3 x [ ]5 x [ ]7 ) = log 2 Solution: log8127
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 27
=
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 33
=
80 24 15
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 81 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 34
3𝑙𝑜𝑔10 3 3
Hence option (a) is the answer. =
4𝑙𝑜𝑔10 3 4

5. Ans. (a) 12. Ans. (b)

Solution: log10125 = log10(1000/8) = 1 -3 𝑙𝑜𝑔6−3
Solution: log36 = log366 =
216 𝑙𝑜𝑔36
log 1000 – 3log2 = 3 – 3 x .301 =
2.097 −3𝑙𝑜𝑔6
=
2𝑙𝑜𝑔6
6. Ans. (c)
Solution: log328 = log8/log32 (By =−
3
2
base change rule) = 3 log2/5 log2 =
3/5.
13. Ans. (c)
Solution: log10(0.0001)=x
7. Ans. (a)
10x=0.0001 = 10-4
Solution: The given expression is:
x=-4
loga (4 x 16 x 64 x 256) = 10
i.e. loga410=10
14. Ans. (b)
Thus, a = 4.
Solution: log (0.01)(10000)=x
(0.01)2=10000
8. Ans. (c)
(10-2)x=10000
Solution: logmn=p
10-2x=104
mp=n
X=-2
9. Ans. (c)
15. Ans. (a)
Solution: loga(mn)
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Solution: log2 log2 log3 log559 21. Ans. (c)

= log2 log2 log39 = 0 1 1
Solution: + +
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐
1
16. Ans. (c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑐
Solution: log2 log2 log2 log2
(65536)= log2 log2 log2 log2(216) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝑎𝑏) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝑏𝑐) +
= log2 log2 log216 = log2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝑐𝑎)
log24 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝑎𝑏𝑐 )2 = 2
= log2 = 1
22. Ans. (a)
17. Ans. (d) 1 1 1
Solution: + +
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎/𝑏 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏/𝑐 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐/𝑎 𝑥
Solution: log101 +log1010+
log10100+…. Log101000000000
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝑏 𝑐 𝑎
log10(1 × 10 × 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ( × × ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 1=0
100×……×10000000000) 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎

log1010(0+1+2+3+….10)
23. Ans. (b)
log101055=55
Solution: logtan10+
logtan20+….+logtan890
18. Ans. (c)
= (logtan10+logtan890)+ (log
Solution: log55+ log552+
tam20+logtan880) +….+ log tan450
log553+….+ log55n = 1+2+3+….+n
𝑛(𝑛+1) = log(tan10.tan890)+
=
2 log(tan20.tan880) +….+ log1
= log(tan10.cot0)+
19. Ans. (b) log(tan20.cot20) +….+ log1
Solution: 216log649 = log1+ log1+ …..+log1
= 6 log6 (49)3
= (49)3 = 117649 (tan(90-𝜃)=cot 𝜃 and
tan450=1)
20. Ans. (c)
Solution: ½ log6255 = [(1/2) x 4] =0
log55 = 1/8.
24. Ans. (c)
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Solution: a, b, c, are in GP 25. Ans. (b)

b2= ac Solution: log10x,log10y,log10z are in
2logb = loga + AP
logc 2log10y,=log10x+log10z
log10y2,=log10(xz)
logxa, logxb, logxc, are in AP y2 = xz
log10a,log10b,log10c are in AP x, y, z are in GP

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Exercise 02
(Medium Level)
1 1 1
1. If a, b, c are in GP then , , are in:
log𝑎 𝑋 log𝑏 𝑋 log𝑐 𝑋
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) none of these

2. If 2[log (x+y)-log5]=logx+logy, then what is the value of x2+y2?

(a) 20xy (b) 23xy (c) 25xy (d) 28xy

3. If x>1, y>1, and z>1 are three numbers in geometric progression,

1 1 1
then , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 , are in:
1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧
(a) Arithmetic progression (b) Harmonic progression
(c) Geometric progression (d) None of these

25
4. What is the value of x if 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔27 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔81 𝑥= ?
4
(a) 9 (b) 27 (c) 81 (d) None of these
27 is the corredct answer
5. What is the value of x in the expression log2 (3-x)+log2(1-x)=3?
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) -1 (d) Not possible

6. If x=loga(bc), y= logb(ca), and z = logc(ab), then what is the value of

1 1 1
+ + ?
1+𝑥 1+𝑦 1+𝑧
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) xyz (d) -1

7. Solve the following equations for x: log10(3-x)> log10(x-1).

(a) x>2 (b) 1<x<2 (c) 0<x<8 (d) 1<x<3

8. If 3x+1=6log23, then x is:

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) log32 (d) log23

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9. If log45=a and log5 6=b, then what is the value of log32?

1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2ab+1 (d)
2𝑎+1 2𝑏+1 2𝑎𝑏−1

1 1 1 1 1 1
10. Find the value of + + + + + .
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔7 𝑋
(a) 1 (b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔27 𝑋 (c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔5040 𝑋 (d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 5040

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑋 𝑙𝑜𝑔343 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑌

11. If = = , then what is the value of x+y?
𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑙𝑜𝑔49 𝑙𝑜𝑔64
(a) 520 (b) 740 (c) 880 (d) Cannot be determined

12. If logyx=8 and log10y16x=4, then find the value of y.

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5

13. What is the value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔3√3 27?

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

14. If 3log3x227-2log3x 9=0, then what is the value of x?

(a) 1/243 (b) 1/7 (c) 880 (d) Cannot be determined

15. If a1, a2, a3….are positive numbers in GP, then log an, logan+1, …and
logan+2 are in:
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) none of these

16. If log303 = x and log305 = y, then log830 is equal to:

1 3 1−𝑥−𝑦
(a) 3(1-x-y) (b) (c) (d)
3(1−𝑥−𝑦) (1−𝑥−𝑦) 3

1 1 1
17. What is the value of + + …..+ ?
log2 𝑛 log3 𝑛 log40 𝑛
1
(a) (b) log (40!)n (c) 1 (d) none of these
log40! 𝑛

18. What is the value of log 3 2, log 4 3, log 5 4 ….log16 15?

(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 2/3 (d) ¼

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19. If loga =b, find the value of 103b in terms of a.

(a) a3 (b) 3a (c) a × 1000 (d) a × 100

20. 3 log 5 + 2 log 4 – log2 = ?

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 200 (d) 1000

21. 3x=7, then find x

(a) 1/log73 (b) log73 (c) 1/log37 (d) None of these

12 7 91
22. log – log +log =x
13 25 3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

16 25 81
23. log + 5 log + 3 log = log 𝑥. 𝑥 = ?
15 24 80
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) none of these

24. If 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = .4771 and log 2= .301 then number of digits in 6012
(a) 25 (b) 22 (c) 23 (d) 24

25.
If 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 = .4771 and log 2= .301 then number of digits in 729
(a) 17 (b) 20 (c) 18 (d) 15

Solution Exercise 02
1. Ans. (a) Solution: 2[log(x+y)-log5]
Solution: a, b, c are in GP =logx+logy can be written as;
log 𝑥 𝑎, log 𝑥 𝑏, log 𝑥 𝑐, are in AP 1
[log(x+y)-log5] = (logx+logy)
1 1 1 2
, , are in AP Or log
𝑥+𝑦
= log√𝑥𝑦
log𝑎 𝑥 log𝑏 𝑥 log𝑐 𝑥
5
Taking antilog on both the
2. Ans. (c) sides, we obtain the following;

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𝑥+𝑦
= log√𝑥𝑦 It can be seen that x=-1
5
satisfies the equations.
x+y =5√𝑥𝑦
Hence, option (c) is the answer.
Squaring both the sides, we get
(x+y)2=25xy
6. Ans. (b)
Solution: 1+x= logaa+ loga(bc),=
x2+y2+2xy=25xy
loga(abc)
Similarly, 1+y= logb(abc) and
x2+y2=23xy
1+z= logc(abc)
1
= logabca
Hence, option (b) is the 1+𝑥
1
answer. = logabcb
1+𝑦
1
= logabcc
3. Ans. (b) 1+𝑧
1 1 1
Solution: In this question, it is + + = logabca+
1+𝑥 1+𝑦 1+𝑧
better to assume values and verify logabcb+ logabcc
the options. = logabcabc = 1
Assume x=10, y=100, z=1000
1 1 1 1
= = = Hence option (b) is the answer.
1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1+1 2
1 1 1 1
= = =
1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔100 1+2 3
1 1 1 1
= = = 7. Ans. (b)
1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔1000 1+3 4
Solution: For log to be defined:
Now, it can be clearly seen that 3-X>0; So, x<3, and x-1>0; so,
½, 1/3, and ¼ are in harmonic 1<x
progression, Hence, option (b) Hence, 1<x<3
is the answer. As, the base >1, therefore, 3-
x>x-1
4. Ans. (d) 2x<4
Solution: Go through the options. x<2

5. Ans. (c) Combining equations (i) and

Solution: Go through the options. (ii), we get the following range of
values of x;1<x<2.
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 Page 15 of 37

Hence, option (b) is the 12. Ans. (d)

answer. Solution: logyx=8
y8=x
8. Ans. (d) log10y 16x=4
Solution: 3x+1=(3×2)𝑙𝑜𝑔23 104.y4=16x
3 3 Dividing equations (ii) by (i), we
x+1 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔
3 =3 2 ×2 2
3 get 104.y4=16
x+1 𝑙𝑜𝑔
3 =3 2 ×3 y=5
3
𝑙𝑜𝑔
3x= 3 2
13. Ans. (a)
x= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 Solution: 𝑙𝑜𝑔3√3 27
2
2
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔3√3 (3√3)
9. Ans. (d) =2
5 6
Solution: 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = a and 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = b
4 5
14. Ans. (a)
5 6 Solution: 3log 3x2 27-2log3x9=0
𝑙𝑜𝑔 × 𝑙𝑜𝑔 =ab
4 5 3log 3x2 33-2log 3𝑥 32=0
6 9log 3x2 3=4log 3𝑥 3
𝑙𝑜𝑔 = ab.
5 9 4
1 6 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔 =ab log 3𝑥 3 3log 3x2 3
2 5
3 9log33x=4. log33x 2
(1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 2ab)
2 log3(3x)9=log3(3x 2 )4
3
𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 2ab − 1 39×x9=34×x8
2
3 1 x=3-5
𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 1
2 2𝑎𝑏−1 x=
243

10. Ans. (d)

15. Ans. (a)
Solution: Expression is equal to
Solution: a1= a1; a2= a1r; a3= a1r3
logx 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7
are in GP with common difference
= logx 5040.
‘r2.
log a1=log a1
11. Ans. (a)
log a2=log a1+logr

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 Page 16 of 37

log a3=log a1+2logr 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑙𝑜𝑔15 𝑙𝑜𝑔2

. . … = =
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑙𝑜𝑔16 𝑙𝑜𝑔16
log a4=log a1+3logr 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
log an+1=loga1+n log r .
𝑙𝑜𝑔24
log a1, a2, a3, a4,….. log an+2 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔2
=
1
4𝑙𝑜𝑔2 4
are in AP with common difference
‘log r’.
19. Ans. (a)
Solution: log10a = b ➔ 10b = a ➔
16. Ans. (b)
By definition of logs.
Solution: log303 = x, log305 = y
Thus 103b = (10b)3 = a3.
x+y = log305*3
x+y = log30(30/2)
20. Ans. (b)
(x+y)=1- log302
Solution: 3 log 5 + 2 log 4 – log 2
log302=1-x-y
= log 125 + log 16 – log 2
3 log302=3(1-x-y)
= log (125 x 16)/ 2 = log
log308=3(1-x-y)
1 1000 = 3.
log830 =
3(1−𝑥−𝑦)
21. Ans. (a)
17. Ans. (a) Solution: 3x = 7 ➔ log3 7 = x
1 1 1
Solution: + + Hence x = 1/log7 3
log2 𝑛 log3 𝑛 log4 𝑛
1
+……
log40 𝑛 22. Ans. (c)

log 𝑛 2 + log 𝑛 3 + log 𝑛 4 + … … . log 𝑛 40 23. Ans. (d)

log 𝑛 (40!) Solution: x = (16/15) x (255 / 245) x
1 (813 / 803)
log(40)!𝑛
None of these is correct.

18. Ans. (d)

24. Ans. (b)
Solution:
log 3 2. log 4 3. log 5 4….3log16 15
25. Ans. (a)

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 Page 17 of 37

Exercise 03
Advance Level
1. If 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = .4771 and log 2= .301 then number of digits in 2725
(a) 38 (b) 37 (c) 36 (d) 35

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧

2. If = = . mark all the correct options.
𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
(a) xyz = 1 (b) xa yb zc = 1
(c) xb+c yc+a za+b = 1 (d) all the options are correct.

3. If three positive real numbers a, b and c (c > a) are in Harmonic

Progression, then log (a + c) + log (a-2b+c) is equal to:
(a) 2 log (c - b) (b) 2 log (c-1)
(c) 2 log (c-a) (d) log a + log b + log c

4. If log2x logx/642 = logx/162 then x is

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 16(d) 12

𝑎
5. What is the value of √ , if log4log44a-b = 2log4 (√𝑎 − √𝑏) + 1
𝑏 later divide by b and
(a) -5/3 (b) 2 (c) 5/3 (d) 1 then put a/b = a to
form a quadratic
3 equation
6. If log10x – log10 √𝑥 = 6logx10 then a possible value of x is
(a) 10 (b) 30 (c) 100 (d) 1000

7. If log13 log21 {√𝑥 + 21 + √𝑥} = 0, then the value of x is

(a) 21 (b) 13 (c) 81 (d) none of these

8. Find the value of x from the following equation: log103 + log10(4x+1) =

log10(x+1)+1
(a) 2/7 (b) 7/2 (c) 9/2 (d) none of above

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 Page 18 of 37

9. The value of the expression:

1
∑100
𝑖=2 is:
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖 100!
(a) 0.01 (b) 0.1 (c) 1 (d) 10

10. The domain of the function f(x) = log7{log3(log5(20x-x2 -91))} is:

(a) (7, 13) (b) (8, 12) (c) (7, 14) (d) (12, 13)

11. If log5[log3(log2x)] =1, then x is:

(a) 2234 (b) 243 (c) 2243 (d) none of these

12. If loge(x-1)+ logex+ loge(x+1)=0, then

(a) x2+e-1 (b) x3-x-1=0 (c) x2+e-1=0 (d) x3-x-e=0

𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3
13. (𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ) is equal to:
𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑏
(a) 1 (b) log abc (c) abc (d) none of these

1 1 1
14. (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏𝑐)+1
+ (𝑙𝑜𝑔 + (𝑙𝑜𝑔 is equal to:
𝑏 𝑎𝑐)+1 𝑐 𝑎𝑏)+1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) abc

15. If loga N = (logb N)× P, then find P in terms of a and b:

(a) ba (b) ab (c) logab (d) none of these

16. The value of log (ab)2 – log (ac) +log (bc4)-3log (bc) is:
(a) 0 (b) log b (c) log c (d) log a

17. If logq (xy) = 3 and logq (x2y3)=4, find the value of logq x:
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2

18. If u=v2=w3=z4, then logu(uvwz) is equal to:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) 1+ − − (b) 24 (c) 1+ + + (d)
2 3 4 2 3 4 24

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 Page 19 of 37

19. If a, b, c are in GP, then loga d, logb d, logc d are in:

(a) AP (b) HP (c) GP (d) none of these

1 1 1
20. Find the value of , 2, +…..is:
log3 𝑒 log3 𝑒 log3 𝑒 4
(a) loge9 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) loge270

21. Find the value of (b2)5logbx:

(a) 10x (b) x4 (c) 10x (d) x10

22. The value of x satisfying the following relation

log1/2x=log2 (3x-2)

23. If log32, log3(2x-5) and log3 (2x-7/2) are in AP then x is equal to:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

24. If logx a, ax\2 and logbx are in GP, then x is equal to:
(a) loga (logba) (b) loga (logea)- loga (logeb)
(c) - loga (logba) (d) both a and b

1 1 1 1
25. The value of + + + ⋯…+ is:
log100 𝑛 log99 𝑛 log98 𝑛 log2 𝑛

1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
log100 𝑛 log99 𝑛 log100! 𝑛

26. Find x, if 𝑙𝑜𝑔2√𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 √𝑥 =0:

(a) 1,2-5/6 (b) 1,2-6/5 (c) 4,-2 (d) none of these

27. If a=1+ logxyz, b=1+ logyzx, and c=1 + logzxy, then ab+bc+ca is:
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) abc (d) none of these

28. Find x if 𝑙𝑜𝑔1/√2 (1/√8)= log2(4x+1).log2(4x+1+4)

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 Page 20 of 37

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) none of these

29. Find the sum of ‘n’ terms of the series.

𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥 3 𝑥 4
Log2( ) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 ( ) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 ( ) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔16 ( ) + ⋯ .:
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦

𝑥 4𝑛 𝑥
(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( ) (b) 𝑛 (𝑙𝑜𝑔2 )
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 𝑛−1 1 𝑥 𝑛(𝑛+1)
(c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( ) (d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( )
𝑦 𝑛−1 2 𝑦

30. The set of solutions for all x satisfying the equation.

2 +(log 2 −10 1
𝑥 log3 𝑥 3 𝑥) =
𝑥2
1
(a) (1,9) (b) (1,4,16) (c) (1,9,81) (d) {1, , 9}
81

2
31. The set of all values of x satisfying 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥|3−𝑥| = 4
(a) (√3,2) (b) (1,5) (c) (1,∞) (d) {1,5}

32. Find all real values of x satisfying equation

|𝑥 − 1|(2 log3 x– 2 log𝑥 9) = (x-1)7

(a) (2,9) (b) 9,81 (c) 2,81 (d) none of these

33. Which is the correct order for a given number  in increasing order.
(a) log2  ,log3  ,loge  ,log10 
(b) log10  ,log3  ,loge  ,log2 
(c) log10  ,loge  ,log2  ,log3 
(d) log3  ,loge  ,log2  ,log10 

34. If log4 2 + log4 4 x + log4 16 = 6, then x =

(a) 64 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 32

35. log7 log7 7 7 7 =

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 Page 21 of 37

(a) 3log2 7 (b) 1 − 3log3 7 (c) 1 − 3log7 2 (d) None of these

36. If log1/ 2
sin x  0, x  0,4 , then the number of value of x which are integral

multiples is.
4
(a) 4 (b) 12 (c) 3 (d) None of these

37. The set of real value of x satisfying ( )

log1/2 x 2 − 6 x + 12  −2 is
(a) ( −,2 (b) 2,4 (c)  4,+ ) (d) None of these

38. If log0.04 ( x − 1)  log0.02 ( x − 1) , then x belongs to the interval

(a) (1,2 (b) ( −,2 (c) 2,+ ) (d) None of these

39. If log 3
5=a and log 3
2 = b, then log 3
300 =

(a) 2 (a + b ) (b) 2 ( a + b + 1) (c) 2 ( a + b + 2) (d) a+b+4

40. If x = log3 5, y = log17 25 which one of the following is correct

(a) x  y (b) x = y (c) x  y (d) None of these

41. If log x : log y : log z = ( y − z ) : ( z − x ) : ( x − y ) then

(a) x y .y z .z x = 1 (b) x x y y z y = 1 (c) x x y y z z = 1 (d) None of these

42. The number of solution of log ( x + 5 ) = 6 − x is

(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) None of these

43. If log10 = 3 = 0.477 , the number of digits in 340 is

(a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) 21

44. If n = 1983!, then the value of expression

1 1 1 1
+ + . + .... +
log2 n log3 n log4 n log1983 n

(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0

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 Page 22 of 37

45. Solution set of inequality ( )

log10 x 2 − 2 x − 2  0 is

(a)  −1,1, − 3 
 

(b) 1, + 3,3 

 

(c)  −1,1 − 3   1, + 3,3 

   

(d) None of these

Solutions Exercise 03
1. Ans. (c) (𝑎+𝑐)2 −4𝑎𝑐
= log [(𝑎 + 𝑐)𝑥 (𝑎+𝑐)
]

2. Ans. (d)
log 𝑥 log 𝑦 log 𝑧 = log [(𝑐 − 𝑎)]2 = 2 log(𝑐 − 𝑎).
Solution: = = =k
𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
 x = 10 k(b-c), y = 10k(c-a), z = 4. Ans. (b)
10k(a-b) Solution: We can solve this
∴ xyz = 10k(b-c+c-a+a-b) = 100 = 1 problem just by checking the
Therefore option (a) is correct. operations.
xa yb zc = 10k[a(b-c) + b(c-a)+c(a-b)] By putting x = 4 in the LHS we
= 10k(ab-ac+bc-ab+ca-bc (a-b)) have
= 10k0 = 1
Therefore option (c) is also 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
(2log22) (𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 2) = (−4)𝑙𝑜𝑔2
correct. 16 2 2
1
=-
2
3. Ans. (c)
2𝑎𝑐
Solution: b = (As a, b and c are Similarly, the RHS = log 1 2 =
𝑎+𝑏
4
in harmonic progression.) 1
−
𝑙𝑜𝑔(a+c) + log(𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏) = 2
log [(𝑎 + 𝑐)(𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏)] = Similarly we can check the other
4𝑎𝑐 options as well.
log [(𝑎 + 𝑐) (𝑎 + 𝑐 − ))]
𝑎+𝑐

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 Page 23 of 37

We find that only option (b) is 1 6

∴ log10x – log10x =
3 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥
correct.
If we replace log10x = t we get the
quadratic equation:
5. Ans. (c) 1
Solution: log4log44a-b = log4(√𝑎 - t2 - t2 = 6
3

√𝑏)2 + 1
Replacing the value of 1 in this by solving the above equation we
equation with log44 get t = ± 3
We get: log4(a-b) = log44 (a+b- When log10x = -3
∴ x = 10-3
2√𝑎𝑏)
When log10x = 3
(a-b) = 4 (a+b-2√𝑎𝑏) & a – b ≠ 0 or
x = 1000.
a≠b
Note: You could solve this by using
(Since log 0 is not defined
options too.
3a + 5b - 5√𝑎𝑏 = 0
Dividing throughout by b, we get: 3 7. Ans. (d)
Solution: log13 log21 {√𝑥 + 21 +
𝑎 𝑎
(√ )2 - 8√ + 5 = 0 √𝑥} = 0
𝑏 𝑏

𝑎
Let √ = x. ∴ log21 {√𝑥 + 21 + √𝑥} = 130 =
𝑏

Then, 3x2 – 8x + 5 = 0. 1
Now by putting the options in place
of x in the above equation we get x ∴ {√𝑥 + 21 + √𝑥} = 211 = 21
= 5/3, 1 satisfy the above equation
but x = 1 is not possible because a ∴ √𝑥 + 21 = 21 - √𝑥
𝑎
≠ b so x = √ = 5/3. Option (c) is
𝑏
By putting the options in the
the correct answer. given equation we find that
none of the options is correct.
6. Ans. (d)
6
Solution: log10x - log10(x)1/3 = 8. Ans. (b)
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥
Solution: : log103 + log10(4x+1) =
log10(x+1)+log1010
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 Page 24 of 37

12. Ans. (b)

log103 (4x+1) = log10(x+1)10 Solution: loge(x-1)+ logex+
3 (4x+1) = (x+1)10 loge(x+1)=0
By solving the above equation we loge(x-1)× x (x+1)= loge1
get loge(x2-1) x = loge1
X =7/2 (x2-1) x = 1
Note: You could solve this by using X 3- x – 1 = 0
options too.
13. Ans. (b)
9. Ans. (c) 𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3
Solution: 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 =
1 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑏
Solution: ∑100
𝑖=2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 100! = 𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐 3
𝑖 (𝑎𝑏+𝑏𝑐+𝑐𝑎)
∑100
𝑖=2 𝑙𝑜𝑔100! 𝑖 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔100! 2
= log abc
+ 𝑙𝑜𝑔100! 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔100! 4 + ….+
𝑙𝑜𝑔100! 100
𝑙𝑜𝑔100! (2,3,4 … .100) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔100!
14. Ans. (a)
100! = 1 1 1
Solution: (𝑙𝑜𝑔 + (𝑙𝑜𝑔 +
𝑎 𝑏𝑐)+1 𝑏 𝑎𝑐)+1
10. Ans. (b) 1
(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑎𝑏)+1
Solution: f(x) = log7{log3(log5(20x-x2
-91))} 1 1
 log3(log5(20x-x2-91)) > 0 = + +
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏𝑐+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎𝑐+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏
 20x – x2 – 91 > 5 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑎𝑏+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑐
 X2 – 20x + 96 < 0
 (x-8) (x-12)< 1 1 1
 x∈(8,12) = + +
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐

11. Ans. (c) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑏 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑐

Solution: log5[log3(log2x)] =1 = = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 1
log55
Log3(log2x) = 5 = log335 15. Ans. (c)
log2x = 35 = 243 Solution:
2243 = x
loga N = logb N× P,
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 Page 25 of 37

logqy = -2+
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑁 Again logqx + logqy = 3
=𝑝
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑁
logqx +(-2)=3
1 logqx = 5
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑁
1 =𝑝
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑁 18. Ans. (c)
Solution:
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 𝑏
=𝑝
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁 𝑎
v=u1/2 w=u1/3 z=1/4
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑝 1 1 1
(1+2+3+4)
uvwz = 𝑢
1 1 1
(1+2+3+4)
logu uvwz = logu 𝑢
16. Ans. (d)
Solution: 1 1 1
= (1 + + + ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑢 𝑢 =
2 3 4
1 1 1
log(ab)2 – log (ac) +log (bc4)- (1 + 2 + 3 + 4)
3log (bc)
(𝑎𝑏)2 (𝑏𝑐 4 )
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑏𝑐)3 19. Ans. (b)
𝑎𝑐
Solution:
(𝑎𝑏)2 (𝑏𝑐 4 )
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ × ] = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 a,b,c are in GP
𝑎𝑐 (𝑏𝑐 )3
b2=ac
2logb = log a
+ logc
17. Ans. (b)
Loga, logb, log c are in AP
Solution:
I,e, logd a, logd b, logd c are in
AP
logq (xy) = 3 and logq (x2y3)=4
loga d, logb d, logc d are in HP
logq (x2y3)=4
logq [(xy)2.y]
logq (xy)2+ logqy = 4
20. Ans. (a)
2logq (xy)+ logqy = 4
Solution:
2x3+ logqy = 4

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 Page 26 of 37

1 1 1
, 2, +…..
log3 𝑒 log3 𝑒 log3 𝑒 4

1 1 1 23. Ans. (b)

= , , +….. Solution:
log3 𝑒 2 log3 𝑒 4 log3 𝑒
1 1 1 Since we know that when a, b, c,
=
log3 𝑒
(1 + 2 + 4 + ⋯ )
are in GP, then log a, log b and c
1
=log 𝑒 3 ( ). are in AP.
1−1/2
Therefore 2,(2x-5) and (2x-
(Using sum of infinite GP (𝑆∞ =
7/2) must be in GP
𝑎
; |𝑟| < 1) Now, going through options,
1−𝑟
= 2log 𝑒 3 = log 𝑒 32 = log 𝑒 9 we get
At x = 3 the three terms 2,
(2x-5) and log(2x- 7/2) are in AP.
21. Ans. (d) Alternatively:
Solution:
We have 2𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2x-5) =
(b2)5logbx =b10 logbx=blogb(x)10=x10 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2x-7/2)
 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2x-5)2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2 (2x-7/2)
22. Ans. (d)  (2x-5)2 = 2 (2x-7/2)
Solution:  (2x)2 * 10. 2x + 25 = 2.2x-7
[10.2x+2.2x = 12.2x] [∴ (a-
log1/2x=log2 (3x-2) b)2 = a2-2ab+b2]
-log2x=log2 (3x-2)
log2 (x-1)=log2 (3x-2)  (2x)2 – 12.2x + 32 = 0
(x-1)=(3x-2)  (2x - 8) (2x-4) = 0
3x2-3x+x-1=0  X = 3, x = 2
3x(x-1)+1(x-1)=0 But at x = 2, log (2x-5) is
x=1,. -1/3 undefined Hence x = 3

but at x=-1/3, log x is not

defined 24. Ans. (d)
The only admissible value of x Solution: As logx a, ax/2, log bx are in
is 1. GP.

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 Page 27 of 37

∴ (ax/2)2 = logxa. logbx 2𝑡 𝑡

𝑙𝑜𝑔2√𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 √𝑥 = + =0
2+𝑡 2+2𝑡

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 log 𝑎

 ax = . = = logba  2t (2 + 2t) + 2t + t2 = 0
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 log 𝑏
 ax = logba  4t + 4t2 + 2t + t2 = 0
 x = loga(logba)  5t2 + 6t = 0
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑎  t (5t+6) = 0
 = loga ( ) 6
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑏
 t = 0 or t = -
 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑎) - 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑏) 5

log2 x = 0 ➔ x = 20 = 1
6
25. Ans. (b) and log2x = - ➔ x = 2-6/5
5
Solution:
x = 1 x = 2-6/5
1 1 1
+ + ⋯…..+
log100 𝑛 log99 𝑛 log2 𝑛
27. Ans. (c)
Solution:
= log 𝑛 100 + log 𝑛 99 + ⋯ +
log 𝑛 2
a=1+ logxyz = logxx+logx yz=
logx xyz
= log 𝑛 (100 × log 𝑛 99 + ⋯ +× 2)
Similarly b = logyxyz
1 And c= logzxyz
= log 𝑛 100 ! =
𝑙𝑜𝑔100! 𝑛
1
Now, ab + bc + ca = abc [ +
𝑐
26. Ans. (b) 1 1
Solution: Best way is to go through + ]
𝑎 𝑏
options.
Alternatively: Support log2x = 1 1
= abc [ + +
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑥𝑦𝑧
t, then
1 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔2√𝑥 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 ]
𝑙𝑜𝑔2√𝑥 = = = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 2𝑥 1+𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥
𝑡/2
1+𝑡 =abc[logxyzx+ logxyzy+ logxyzz]

=abc[logxyzxyz] = abc
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 Page 28 of 37

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= log2 ( × × ×
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
28. Ans. (a)
Solution: … . 𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
𝑥 𝑛 𝑥
Log2( ) = n log2 ( )
Best way is to check the 𝑦 𝑦

options
Alternatively:
30. Ans. (d)
Solution: taking log of both sides
𝑙𝑜𝑔1√2 (1/√8)=
with base 3 we have,
log2(4x+1).log2(4x+1+4)
[log3x2 + (log3x)2 – 10] log3x
= -2log3x
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (1/√8)
=  log3x = 10
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (1/√2)
log2(4x+1).log2(4x+1+4)  (log3x)2 + 2 log3x – 3 = 0
 (log3x + 4)(log3x-2) = 0
3 = [log2 4+  x = 1, log3x = -4 and log3x =
log2(4x+1)].log2(4x+1)] 2
1
(2+t)t=3 where t – log2  x=1, x= and x = 9
81
(4x+1) x = 1,
1
x = {1, , 9}
t = -3, 1 81

If log2(4x+1) = -3, then 4x =-7/8

which is not possible
If log2(4x+1) = 1 31. Ans. (d)
2
Solution: 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥|3−𝑥| = 4
29. Ans. (b)
𝑥 𝑥 2  |3 − 𝑥|2 = 4
Solution: log2( ) + log4( ) + log8
𝑦 𝑦  |3-x| = 2 (-2 is
𝑥 3 inadmissible)
(𝑦) + ….
 (3-x) = 2 or –(3-x) = 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= log2( ) + log2 ( ) + log2( )  x = 1 or x = 5
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
+ ….
32. Ans. (c)
Solution: x > 0, x ≠ 1
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 Page 29 of 37

Since exponential function

assumes positive value, so we 1
36. Sol (a) 0 1
2
must have (x-1)7 > 0 i.e., x> 1.
Taking logarithm on both
side, we get
(log3x2 – 2logx 9) log (x-1) =
7 log(x-1)
Either log(x-1) = 0 i.e., x = 2 log1 sin x  0, x  0,4   0  sin x  1
2
Or log3 x2 – 2 logx 9 = 7 
 2 (log3x) – 4 logx3 = 7  integral multiple of will be
4
4  3 9 11
 2t – = 7, (∴ t = log3x) , , ,
𝑡 4 4 4 4
 2t2 - 7t - 4=0 Number of required values = 4.
1
 T = 4, -
2
Log x = 4 ➔ x = 81
3 37. Sol (b)
1
If log3x = - then x = 3 -1/2
< 1, which ( )
log1/2 x 2 − 6 x + 12  −2 .........
2
(i)
is not the case hence, x = 2, 81
For log to be defined,
x 2 − 6 x + 12  0
33. Sol (b) since 10, 3,
 ( x − 3 ) + 3  0,
2
e, 2 are in decreasing order. which is true x  R.
−2
Obviously. log10  ,log3  ,loge  ,log2   1
From (i), x 2 − 6 x + 12   
2
are in increasing order.
 x 2 − 6 x + 12  4

 x 2 − 6 x + 12  0
34. Sol (d) If
 ( x − 2 )( x − 4 )  0
log4 2 + log4 4 + log4 16 + log4 x − 6
 2  x  4; x   2,4.
then log4 ( 2  4  16 )

 log4 128  128 x = 46

64  64
38. Sol (c)
x=  x = 32
128 log0.04 ( x − 1)  log0.02 ( x − 1) .........
(i)
35. Sol (c) For log to be defined x − 1  0  x  1
log7 log7 7 7 7 log7 log7 77,8 = log ( 7 / 8 ) From (i), log(0.2)2 ( x − 1)  log0.2 ( x − 1)
= log7 7 − log7 8 = 1 − log7 23 = 1 − 3log7 2. 1
 log0.2 ( x − 1)  log0.2 ( x − 1)  x − 1  ( x − 1)
2

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 Page 30 of 37

(
 x − 1 1− x − 1  0  1− x − 1  0)
43. Sol (c) Let y = 3 40
 x − 1  1  x  2, x   2,  
Taking log both sides, log y = log3 40

 log y = 40log3  log y = 19.08

39. Sol (b)
log 5 = a,log 2=b  Number of digits in y = 19 + 1 = 20.
3 3

log 300 = log 52  12

3 3  
44. Sol (c)
3(
= log 52 + log 4  3)
3 1 1 1 1
+ + . + .... +
= log 2
5 + 2log 2 + 2log 3 log2 n log3 n log4 n log1983 n
3 3 3

= 2a + 2b + 2 = 2 ( a + b + 1) . = logn 2 + logn 3 + logn 4 + .... + logn 1983

= logn ( 2.3.4...1983 ) = logn (1983! ) = logn n = 1 .

40. Sol (c)

1 1 45. Sol (c)
y = log17 25 = 2log17 5 = log5 17

( )
y 2
log10 x 2 − 2 x − 2  0
1 1 1 1
= log5 3 = log5 9. Clearly  ; x  y
x 2 y x .........(i)
For logarithm to be defined
41. Sol (b) x 2 − 2x − 2  0
log x : log y : log z = y − z : z − x : x − y
 ( x − 1)  3
2
log x log y log z
 = = = k ( say )
y −z z−x x−y  x − 1  − 3 or x − 1  − 3

 log x = k ( y − z ) ,log y = k ( z − x ) ,log z = k ( x − y )  x  1 − 3 or x  1 + 3

 x log x + y log y + z log z i .e., x  − ( )

3 − 1 or x  ( 3 +1 )
= x.k. ( y − z ) + y .k. ( z − x ) + z.k ( x − y ) = 0
Now from (i)
(
 log x .y .z x y z
) = log1 x 2 − 2x − 2  1  x 2 − 2x − 3  0

 x x y y z z = 1.  ( x − 3 )( x + 1)  0  −1  x  3

 x   −1,1 − 3  3 + 1,3  .

42. Sol (d) i .e., x   −1,1 − 3  ) ( 3 + 1,3  .

log2 ( x + 5 ) = 6 − x  x + 5 = 26− x  x + 5 = 64.2− x
− (3) + 1 −1 0 1 3 +1 3
−x
Let y = x + 5, y = 64.2 will intersect
at (3, 8) point. Number of solutions
= 1.

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 Page 31 of 37

Exercise 04
(Short Answers/TITA)
1. The number of solutions of the equation
log 𝑥/2 𝑥 2 + 40log 4𝑥 √𝑥 − 14log16𝑥 𝑥 3 = 0

2. Find the values of x satisfying

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8 𝑙𝑜𝑔(2𝑥 2 +2𝑥+3) (x2-2x) = 0

3. The value of x satisfying

log34-2log3√3𝑥 + 1=1-log3(5x-2)

4. Find x, if logx3-log3x=2log2+log3.

5. The number of solutions of log9 (2x-5) = log3 (x-4) is:

6. What will be the value of x if it is given that :

1 1 1 1 1
logx [ + + + + + ⋯ . +∞ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠]2 = 2
5 12 21 32 45

7. For how many real values of x will the equation log3 log6 (x3-18x2+108x)
= log2 log416 be satisfied?

8. If n = 12√3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + + + + =?
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔18 𝑛

9. (log2x)2 + 2 log2x – 8 = 0, where x is a natural number. If xp = 64, then

what is the value of x + p.

10. If [N] = the greatest integer less than or equal to N, then [log106730.4] is
equal to:

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 Page 32 of 37

11. Find x if log x = log 7.2 – log 2.4

12. Find x if log x = 2 log 5 + 3 log 2

13. log (2x-2) – log (11.66-x) = 1 + log 3

14. If 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = .4771 and log 2= .301, find the number of digits in 10810

15. If log 2 = .301, find the number of digits in (125)25

Exercise 04 (Solutions)
1. Solution: By changing the
base to 2 the given equation 2. Ans. 1
becomes Solution: x2 + 6x + 8 > 0 and 2x2 +
log2 𝑥 2 40log2 √𝑥 2x + 3 > 0
+ −
log2 𝑥/2 log2 4𝑥
➔ (x+4) (x+2) > 0 and
log2 𝑥 3 1 5
14 =0 (𝑥 + 2)2 + 4 > 0
log2 16𝑥

 x ∈ (-∞, -4) ∪ (-2, ∞)

2 log2 𝑥 log2 𝑥
 + 20 − The given equation can be
log2 𝑥−1 2+log2 𝑥
log2 𝑥 written as
42 =0
4+log2 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔(2𝑥 2 −2𝑥+3) (x2-2x) = 1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑡 = log2x, then we have  x2-2x = 2x2 + 2x +3
 x2 + 4x + 3 = 0
2t (4+t) (2+t) – 42t (t-1) (t+2)  x = -1, -3
+ 20t (t-1) (t+4) = 0 but at x = -3, 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 2 +6𝑥+8) is not
defined
 2t[t2+6t+8-21t2-21t+42 + Hence, x = -1
10t2+30t-40] = 0
 t [2t2 – 3t - 2] = 0 3. Ans. 1
 t = 0, t = 2, t = -1/2 Solution:
 x = 1, x = 4, x=1/√2 Three

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 Page 33 of 37

3  x= 3 or x = 7
log34- log3(3x+1) = log3
(5x−2)
4 3
But at = 3, log3(x-4) is not
log3 = log3 defined since (x-4) becomes
3𝑥+1 (5x−2)
negative
4 3 Hence x = 7 is the only possible
=
3𝑥+1 (5x−2)
solution.
20x-8=9x+3
6. Ans. (25/48)
11x=11 1 1 1 1
Solution: logx [ + + + +
5 12 21 32
X=1 1
+ ⋯ . +∞ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠]2
45
4. Ans. 6 =2
Solution: log x3 – log 3x = 2 log 2 + 1 1 1 1 1
logx ( + + + + +
log3 5 12 21 32 45
𝑥2 ⋯ . +∞ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)
Log = log 12
3
1 1 1 1 1
Let + + + + +
𝑥2 5 12 21 32 45
 = 12 ➔ x = ±6 ⋯ . +∞ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 = P
3
3
But at x = -6, log 3x and log 𝑥 P= [
1 4
+
4
+
4
+
4
+
are not defined. 4 1x5 2𝑥6 3𝑥7 4𝑥8
4
Hence x = 6 is the only correct + ⋯.∞ ]
5𝑥9
answer. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4P = [1 − + − + − + − +
5 2 6 3 7 4 8
1 1
5. Ans. 1 − ]
5 9
Solution: 1 1 1
4 P = [1 + + + ]
2 3 4
𝑙𝑜𝑔9 (2x-5) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 4) 25
1 4P =
➔ 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2𝑥 − 5) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 12
2 25
4) P=
48
25
 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2𝑥 − 5) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 4)2 Logx = 1 or x = 25/48
48
 (2𝑥 − 5) = (𝑥 − 4)2
 (2𝑥 − 5) =x2+16-8x 7. Ans. (1)
 x2-10x +21 = 0 Solution: log2 (log416) = log2log442
 (x-3)(x-7) = 0 = log22 = 1

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 Page 34 of 37

log3log6(x3-18x2+108x) = 1 4p = 64
log6 (x3-18x2+108x) = 3 P= 3
x3-18x2+108x = 63 Hence, the value of (x+p) = 4+3 =
x3-18x2+108x – 216 = 0 7.
(x-6)3 = 0
X= 6 is the only value for which the
above question is true. 10. Ans. 3
Solution: Assume that the value of
8. Ans. (4) 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 6730.4 = z
Solution: n = 12√3 = 22 x 31.5 It can be seen that 1000 <
1 1 1 1 6730.4 < 10000.
+ + + +
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 𝑛
1 1 1
Hence, 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (103) < log10
+ + 6730.4 <𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (104)
𝑙𝑜𝑔8 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔18 𝑛
= logn 2 + logn 3 + logn 4 + logn 6+ Taking antilog, 3 < z < 4. So,
logn 8 + logn 9+logn18 the value of z lies between 3 and 4.
= logn(2 x 3 x 4 6 x 8 x 9 x 18) Therefore, [z] = greatest integer
= logn (28 x 36) less than or equal to z = 3.
= logn (22 x 31.5)4
= logn (22 x 31.5) 11. Ans. 3
= 4𝑙𝑜𝑔22 x 31.5 (22 x 31.5) = 4 Solution: log x = log (7.2/2.4) = log
3➔x=3
9. Ans. (7)
Solution: (log2x)2 + 2 log2x – 8 = 0 12. Ans. 200
(log2x)2 + 4log2x – 2log2x – 8 = 0 Solution: log x = log 25 + log 8 =
log2x [log2x+4] – 2 [log2x+4] = 0 log (25 x 8) = log 200.
[log2x-2] [log2x+4] = 0
Since, x is a natural number hence 13. Ans. 11
[log2x+4] cannot be zero. Hence, Solution: log (2x - 2) / (11.66 - x) =
log2x-2=0 log30
log2x = 2  (2x - 2)/(11.66 - x) = 30
x = 22 = 4 2x – 2 = 350 – 30x
We are given that: xp = 64. Since x Hence, 32x = 352 ➔ x = 11.
is 4, this means that:

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 Page 35 of 37

14. Ans. 21
Solution: Let the number be y. 15. Ans. 53
Y = 10810 Solution: log y = 25 log 125
 Log y = 10 log (27 x 4) = 25 [log1000 – 3 log 2] = 25 x
 Log y = 10 [3 log3+2 log2] (2.097)
 Log y = 10 [1.43 + 0.602] = 52 +
Hence log y = 10 [2.03] = 20.3 Hence 53 digits.
Thus, y has 21 digits.

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 Page 36 of 37

Exercise 05
(Questions from Past Year Papers)
1. Suppose that a, b, and c are real numbers greater than 1. Then the
value of

(IPM 2019 Indore)

2. If x, y, z are positive real numbers such that x12 = y16 = z24, and the
three quantities 3logyx, 4logzy, nlogxz are in arithmetic progression,
then the value of n is (IPM 2019 Indore)

3x−1
3. The inequality log 2 <1 holds true for (IPM 2019 Indore)
2−x
1
(a) x ∈ ( , 1)
3
1
(b) x ∈ ( , 2)
3
1
(c) x ∈ (0, ) ∪ (1,2)
3
(d) x ∈ (-∞, 1)

4. The value of (log330)−1+(log4900)−1+(log530)−1 is (IPM 2019 Indore)

(a) 0.5
(b) 30
(c) 2
(d) 1

5. The inequality loga f(x)<loga g(x) implies that (IPM 2019 Indore)
(a) f(x) > g(x) > 0 for 0 < a < 1 and g(x) > f(x) > 0 for a > 1
(b) g(x) > f(x) > 0 for 0 < a < 1 and f(x) > g(x) > 0 for a > 1
(c) f(x) > g(x) > 0 for a > 0
(d) g(x) > f(x) > 0 for a > 0

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 Page 37 of 37

log 1 1 1
√5(4+8+16+⋯… )
6. The value of 0.04 is __________. (IPM 2020 Indore)
Above equation root 5 in the base of log and find the log of (1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16+ ……)

7. If log 5 log 8 (x 2 − 1) = 0, then a possible value of x is (IPM 2020 Indore)

(a) 2√2 (b) √2 (c) 2 (d) 3

Exercise 05
(Answer Key)
1. {3} 2. {16} 3. {a} 4. {d} 5. {a}
6. {16} 7. {d}

IIM Indore started publishing original paper of IPMAT just from 2019.
No original papers are known before that.

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