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Understanding the French Subjunctive

The document summarizes the use of the subjunctive mood in French. [1] The subjunctive is used after certain conjunctions that introduce new clauses, such as "à condition que" and "à moins que". [2] It is also used after indefinite expressions like "où que" and "quel que". The subjunctive mood expresses things that are possible but not factual.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views8 pages

Understanding the French Subjunctive

The document summarizes the use of the subjunctive mood in French. [1] The subjunctive is used after certain conjunctions that introduce new clauses, such as "à condition que" and "à moins que". [2] It is also used after indefinite expressions like "où que" and "quel que". The subjunctive mood expresses things that are possible but not factual.

Uploaded by

Éric Dulaurier
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The French Subjunctive

The Subjunctive is not a tense; it is a mood, or mode. Usually, when we speak in French
or English, we use the indicative mood. We use the subjunctive mood in French for certain
reasons. The Following are the principal reasons.

I: After certain conjunctions

When the following conjunctions introduce a new clause, the verb in that new clause is
normally in the subjunctive mood:

French English Example Example


Translation
À condition que On the condition that Je vous prêterai I will lend you the
l’argent à condition money on the
que vous me le rendiez condition that you
le plutôt possible. give it back to me
as soon as possible
À moins que Unless Je pars à six heures I am leaving at six
précises à moins qu’il o’clock precise
n’y ait un orage unless there is a
storm
Afin que In order that; so that Je vous explique I am explaining
clairement afin que clearly to you in
vous compreniez order that; so that
you understand
Attendre que To wait until Attendez que je finisse Wait until I finish
mon dîner my diner
Au cas que In case Au cas qu’il vienne, je In case he comes, I
pars tout de suite am leaving as soon
as possible
Autant que As far as Autant que je le As far as I know
sache…
Avant que Before Ne me dites rien avant Don’t tell me
qu’il vienne nothing before he
comes
Bien que Although Bien que Madame Although Mrs.
Cartier soit malade, Cartier is sick, she
elle a toujours bon always has a good
appétit appetite
De crainte que For fear that La mère a dit à sa The mother said to
petite fille de rester her little girl to
dans la maison de stay in the house
crainte qu’elle ne se for fear that she
fasse mal dans la rue will hurt herself in
the street
French English Example Example
Translated
De façon que So that; in a way that; Barbara étudie de Barbara studies so
in such a way that façon qu’elle puisse that she can
réussir. succeed
De manière que So that; in a way that; Joseph travaille dans Joseph works in the
in such a way that la salle de classe de class room in such
manière qu’il puisse a way that he can
réussir succeed
De peur que For fear that Je vous dis de rester I am telling you to
dans la maison stay in the house
aujourd’hui de peur today for fear that
que vous ne glissiez you slip on the ice.
sur la glace.
De sorte que So that; in a way that; Nettoyez la chambre Clean the room in
in such a way that de sorte que tout soit a way that
propre everything is clean
En attendant que Until Nous allons rester ici We are going to
en attendant qu’elle stay here until she
vienne comes
En cas que In case; in case that; En cas qu’il vienne, je In case he comes, I
in the event that pars tout de suite am leaving
immediately
Jusqu’à ce que Until Je vais attendre I am going to wait
jusqu’à ce que vous until you finish
finissiez
Malgré que Although Malgré que Madame Although Mrs.
Cartier soit malade, Cartier is sick, she
elle a toujours bon always has a good
appétit appetite
Pour autant que As far as; as much as Pour autant que je me As far as I
souvienne remember
Pour que In order that; so that Expliquez-vous mieux, Explain yourself
s’il vous plaît pour better, please so
que je comprenne that I understand
Pourvu que Provided that Vous pouvez parler You can talk freely
librement pourvu que provided that you
vous me laissiez faire let me do the same
de même.
Que…ou non Whether…or not Qu’il vienne ou non, Whether he comes
cela m’est égal or not is fine with
me
Quoique Although Quoiqu’il soit vieux, il Although he is old,
a l’agilité d’un jeune he has the agility of
homme a young man
French English Example Example
Translated
Soit que…ou que Whether…or; Soit qu’elle Either she
either…or comprenne ou qu’elle understands or she
ne comprenne pas, doesn’t understand
cela m’est égal is fine with me
Soit que…soit que Whether…or whether Soit que vous le Whether you do it
fassiez, soit que vous or whether you
ne le fassiez pas, cela don’t do it is fine
m’est égale with me
Tâcher que To try to; to attempt to Tâchez que le bébé Try to keep the
soit bien nourri baby well fed.
Veiller à ce que To see to it that Veillez à ce que la See to it that the
porte soit fermée à clef door is locked
pendant mon absence during my absence

II: After indefinite expressions

French English Example Example


Translated
Où que Wherever Où que vous alliez, Wherever you are
cela ne m’importe pas going it does not
interest me
Quel que Whatever Je vous aiderai, I will help you
quelles que soient vos whatever your
ambitions ambitions may be
Qui que Whoever Qui que vous soyez, Whoever you are, I
je ne veux pas vous do not want to listen
écouter to you
Quoi que Whatever Quoi que cet homme Whatever that man
dise, je ne le crois pas said, I don’t believe
him
Si + adjectif + que However Si bavarde qu’elle However talkative
soit, elle ne dit jamais she may be, she never
de bêtises says anything stupid
III: After an idefinite antecedent

The reason why the subjunctive is needed after an indefinite antecedent is that the person
or thing desired may possibly not exist; or, if it does exist, you may never find it.

Example Example
Translated
Je cherche une personne qui soit honnête I am looking for a person who is honest
Je cherche un appartement qui ne soit pas I am looking for an appartment that is not too
trop cher expensive
Connaissez-vous quelqu’un qui puisse Do you know someone who can repair my TV
réparer mon téléviseur une fois pour toutes set once and for all
Y a-t-il un élève qui comprenne le subjonctif Is there a student who understands the
subjunctive

But if the person or things you are looking for does exist, use the indicative mood

Example Example
Translated
J’ai trouvé une personne qui est honnête I have found a person who is honest
J’ai un appartement qui n’est pas trop cher I have an appartment that is not too
expensive
Je connais une personne qui peut réparer I know a person who can repair your TV set
votre téléviseur.
IV: After a superlative expressing an opinion

Those superlatives expressing an opinion are commonly:

Le seul/ la seule (the only)

Le premier/ la première (the first)

Le dernier/ la dernière (the last)

Le plus petit/ la plus petite (the smallest)

Le plus grand/ la plus grande (the biggest)

(A). À mon avis, Marie est la seule étudiante qui comprenne le subjonctif parfaitement.

In my opinion, Marie is the only student who understands the subjunctive perfectly.

(B). À mon opinion, Henriette est la plus jolie élève que j’aie jamais vue.

In my opinion, Henrietta is the prettiest student que I have ever seen.

After Que, meaning let or may to express a wish, an order, a command in the 3rd person
singular or plural.

(A). Qu’il parte

Let him leave

(B). Que Dieu nous pardonne

May God forgive us

(C). Qu’ils s’en aillent

Let them go away


V: After certain impersonal expressions

French English Example Example


Translated
C’est dommage que It’s a pity that; it’s C’est dommage It’s a pity that she
too bad that qu’elle soit morte died.
Il est à souhaiter que It is to be desired that Il est à souhaiter It is to be desired that
qu’elle soit guérie she be cured
Il est bizarre que It is odd that Il est bizarre qu’il It is odd that he left
soit parti sans rien without saying
dire nothing
Il est bon que It is good that Il est bon que vous It is good that you are
restiez au lit staying in bed
Il est convenable It is fitting(proper) Il est convenable It is fitting that he is
that qu’il vienne me voir coming to see me
Il est douteux que It is doubtful that Il est douteux qu’il It is doubtful that he
soit présent au is present(here) at the
concert ce soir concert tonight
Il est essentiel que It is essential that Il est essentiel que It is essential that you
vous veniez me voir le come to see me as
plutôt possible soon as possible
Il est étonnant que It is astonishing that Il est étonnant It is astonishing that
qu’elle soit sortie she left without saying
sans rien dire nothing
Il est étrange que It is strange that Il est étrange qu’il It is strange that he
n’ait pas répondu à ta has not responded to
lettre you letter
Il est faux que It is false that; it is Il est faux que vous It is false that you
not true that ayez vu ma sœur dans have seen my sister in
ce cabaret this cabaret
Il est heureux que It is fortunate that Il est heureux que It is fortunate that
Madame Piquet soit Madame Piquet is
guérie cured
Il est honteux que It is shameful that; it Il est honteux que It is a shame that you
is a shame that vous trichiez are cheating
Il est important que It is important that Il est important que It is important that
vous arriviez à you arrive on time
l’heure
Il est impossible que It is impossible that Il est impossible que It is impossible that I
je sois chez vous am at your house
avant trois heures before three o’clock
French English Example Example
Translated
Il est juste que It is fair that; it is just Il est juste que le It is fair that the
that criminel soit puni pour criminal is punished
son crime for his crime
Il est naturel que It is natural that Il est naturel qu’on ait It is natural that we
peur dans un moment are scared in
dangereux dangerous moments
Il est nécessaire que It is necessary that Il est nécessaire que tu It is necessary that
finisses la leçon de you finish the French
français avant d’aller lesson before going to
au cinéma the movies
Il est possible que It is possible that Il est possible que It is possible that Ms.
Madame Paquet soit Paqet already left
déjà partie
Il est rare que It is rare that Il est rare qu’elle sorte It is rare that she is
going out
Il est regrettable que It is regrettable that Il est regrettable que It is regrettable that
cet homme riche ait this rich man lost
perdu tout au jeu everything in the game
Il est surprenant que It is surprising that Il est surprenant que It is surprising that
tu n’aies pas fait tes you have not done
devoirs aujourd’hui your homework today
Il est temps que It is time that Il est temps que tu It is time that you do
fasses tes devoirs tous your homework every
les jours day
Il est urgent que It is urgent that Il est urgent que le It is urgent that the
docteur vienne doctor comes
immédiatement immediately
Il faut que It is necessary that Il faut que tu sois ici à It is necessary that
neuf heures précises you be there precisely
at nine o’clock
Il importe que It is important that Il importe que tu me It is important that
dises toute la vérité you tell me all the truth
Il se peut que It may be that Il se peut qu’elle soit It may be that she left
sortie
Il semble que It seems that; it Il semble que Madame It appears that
appears that Gervaise soit déjà Madame Gervaise has
partie already left
Il suffit que It is enough that; it Il suffit qu’il soit It is enough that he
suffices that informé tout simply informed all
simplement
Il vaut mieux que It is better that Il vaut mieux que vous It is better that you
soyez présent quand le were present when the
docteur est ici doctor is here
VI: After certain verbs expressing doubt; emotion; and wishing

French English
Aimer que To like that
Aimer mieux que To prefer that
S’attendre à ce que To expect that
Avoir peur que To be afraid that
Craindre que To fear that
Défendre que To forbid that
Désirer que To desire that
Douter que To doubt that
Empêcher que To prevent that
S’étonner que To be astonished that
S’étonner de ce que To be astonished at the fact that
Être bien aise que To be pleased that
Être désolé que To be distressed that; to be sorry that
Être étonné que To be astonished that
Être heureux que To be happy that
Être joyeux que To be joyful that
Être malheureux que To be unhappy that
Être ravi que To be delighted that
Être surpris que To be surprised that
Être triste que To be sad that
Exiger que To demand that
Se fâcher que To be angry that
Insister pour que To insist that
Ordonner que To order that
Préférer que To prefer that
Regretter que To regret that
Souhaiter que To wish that
Tenir à ce que To insist upon
Trembler que To tremble that
Vouloir que To want that

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