Question: 3 What kinds of courses will I take?
Answer: Majors must take courses in government covering: cons
course in government and politics, and a course in publi
public management, public personnel, and finance. T
requirements of the university.
Question: 10 What is Establishment Division?
Answer: Establishment Division is the Human Resource Managem
in consultation with the FPSC, make job offer, and prov
level training In addition to training Establishment Divis
career planning, transfer, promotion, disciplinary action et
Question: 9 What is the need for devolution?
Answer: There could be many reasons to devolve but the main rea
efficiency: through better matching of public services to l
people should identity their preferences for services. 2. Pr
fewer levels of bureaucracy, and better knowledge of loc
their needs, they know at what cost services can be provid
Question: 8 What is Devolution ?
Answer: Devolution is defined as the transfer of resources and pow
of higher levels of government, and which are democratic
Question: 6 What is the Economic and Fiscal Update?
Answer: The Economic and Fiscal Update provides an annual upda
process. It can be the base document for pre-budget consu
Question: 5 What is the budget?
Answer: The budget, which is usually presented annually, is the
revenues and expenditures—sometimes called fiscal pro
Government's economic projections and sets out fiscal pol
Question: 4 What are the internship opportunities?
Answer: Students have the option of completing an internship in th
Question: 2 What are the career opportunities?
Answer: The public administration major is beneficial for indi
governmental agencies. There is also a market for the man
bachelor of science program in public administration is
administration minor enhances employment in the public
Question: 1 What is public administration?
Answer: The Department of Political Science offers undergradua
minor in public administration. The public administration
government and other public sector agencies. This majo
education in public administration.
Question: 7 What is the goods and services tax credit?
Answer: The goods and services tax (GST) credit is a cash payment to low- and mode
installments.
FISCAL YEAR Government's basic accounting period.
(FY) :
ABILITY TO PAY: : The principle of taxation that holds that the tax burden sh
as a person's income increases, the person or corporatio
activities. The progressive income tax is based on the abil
BASE: : The point from which most budgetary calculations begin
with the expectation that spending in each agency will app
BUDGET When public spending exceeds tax revenues.
DEFICIT: :
BUDGET SURPLUS: When tax revenues exceed public spending.
:
CAPITAL GRANTS: Grants for use in construction or renovation.
:
CASH TRANSFERS: Transfer policies that give money to recipients.
:
CHARTER : Local government's equivalent of a constitution.
CITIZEN The involvement of citizens in a wide range of administr
PARTICIPATION: : priorities, and the acceptability of physical construction p
support, and encourage a sense of cohesiveness within nei
COMMUNITY An approach to the administration of social and economi
DEVELOPMENT: : act as catalysts at the local level, encouraging local res
government provides technical and material assistance and
development programs after the officials have left.
COST-BENEFIT Technique designed to measure relative gains and losses
ANALYSIS: : most desirable cost-benefit ratio, in quantitative or other te
COUNCILS OF Oversight bodies representing various localities to help co
GOVERNMENT: :
DEBT CAPACITY: : Value of a city's resources combined with the ability of th
DECISION Technique where decisions are likely to be made sequenti
ANALYSIS: :
DELEGATION : Assigning tasks to others.
DEMOCRACY : A political system in which decision making power is wid
DISTRIBUTIVE Policy involving use of general tax funds to provide assist
POLICY: :
DIVISION OF One of the fundamental principles upon which the scien
WORK: : order to narrow the range of tasks for which each pers
coordination and raises the productivity of the organizatio
DOUBLE The taxing of income when it is earned by corporations an
TAXATION: :
FOREIGN SHARE That share of the national debt held by foreigners.
OF DEBT :
INTEREST A private organization representing a portion (usually sm
GROUP : objectives and seeks to influence government activity so a
ABUSE : The use of an existing authority for purposes that exten
furnishing of excessive services to beneficiaries of gove
none of which involves prosecutable fraud.
ACCLAMATION : Overwhelming approval by voice vote.
ACCOUNTABILITY A political principle according to which agencies or orga
: causing them to give a general accounting of and for their
ACT : A written bill formally passed by a legislature, such as the
from its introduction until its passage by a legislature. An
veto of) a chief executive, such as the U.S. president. 2. A
ADJOURNMENT : The putting off of a business to another time or place; th
permanently.
ADJUSTED GROSS Prices determined by other than market forces such as tho
INCOME: :
ADMINISTRATION The management and direction of the affairs of gover
: government. 3. The execution and implementation of pub
mayor. 5. The supervision of the estate of a dead person to
ADMINISTRATIVE A government organization set up to implement a law. 2.
AGENCY: : court or legislature, that deals with the rights of private pa
ADMINISTRATIVE Costs related to administering the tax system.
COSTS OF
TAXATION: :
AFFIRMATIVE An organization's written plan to remedy past discrimin
ACTION PLAN: : consists of a statement of goals, timetables for achieving t
AGENCY: : Any department, office, commission, authority, administ
any branch of government in the United States. 2. A forma
AGENDA SETTING: The process of deciding what issues will be considered
: various political processes to wind up on the agenda of a
the mass media to take a relatively unknown or unsuppo
institution whether it be city hall or the U.S. Congress, is f
ALLOCATION The shifting of resources into preferred (and out of non-pr
FUNCTION: :
AMENDMENT: : A change in a prior law by the enactment of a new law. 2.
constitution adopted since its original ratification.
APPORTIONMENT: Funds set aside by a legislature to pay for something autho
:
AUTHORITY: : Power defined according to a legal and institutional fram
exercised through recognized, legitimate channels.
AUTOCRACY : Government by one.
AVERAGE TAX Calculated by dividing tax liability by taxable income.
RATE: :
BUREAUCRACY : A formal organizational arrangement characterized by d
through a vertical hierarchy (chain of command) and a s
government (national, state, local).
CAPITAL The separation of expenditures that produce long-term be
BUDGETING: : operating costs of government; the process for reviewing
them, usually through the sale of bonds.
CAPITAL GAINS: : Grants for use in construction or renovation.
DISTRIBUTIONAL The ways in which policies transfer income from one pers
EFFECTS: :
DIVIDENDS : Payments made to owners of corporations.
ECONOMIES OF When increased levels of production result in decreased av
SCALE: :
EFFECTIVENESS : Extent to which a program is achieving or failing to achiev
EFFICIENCY : Relationship between inputs and outputs.
ENTITLEMENT Grants that provide assistance to persons who meet certain
GRANTS: :
ENTITLEMENT Programs that provide a specified set of benefits to those w
PROGRAMS: :
BUDGET Proposing a higher budget than is actually needed.
PADDING: :
JURIDICAL The restoration of the rule of law and the requirements
DEMOCRACY : implement detailed legislative policies through formal
developing governmental policy themselves in conjunctio
LEGISLATIVE The process by which a legislative body continually supe
OVERSIGHT : intent.
LIBERTY : The idea that individual citizens of a democracy should ha
LIMITED A central concept of American politics, holding that beca
GOVERNMENT : limited in its capacity to act arbitrarily; the Founders of
checks and balances, federalism, and judicial review.
LUMP SUM TAX: : A tax that does not vary with units of goods purchased or
MANAGEMENT BY A management technique designed to facilitate goaland pr
OBJECTIVES goals, evaluating results, and generating and implementing
(MBO) :
MANAGERIAL Concerned with providing necessary resources for acco
SUBSYSTEM : subsystems.
MANDATORY Disbursements not subject to annual review or budgeting.
SPENDING :
MARGINAL TAX Rates that change at various thresholds of income.
RATES :
MARKET FAILURE When the private market fails to produce an efficient or eq
:
MERIT PAY : Increases in salary and wages that are tied to actual quality
MERIT Concept that selections of government employees should
PRINCIPLE :
MERIT SYSTEM : A professional system of personnel administration, free
upon the performance, expertise, and technical qualific
examinations),accompanied by the development of a posi
of personnel administration and a central civil service com
AD HOC : A Latin term meaning temporarily; for this one time. It is
ADJUDICATION : The resolution of a dispute by means of judicial or quasi-judicial processing
of the decisions of a court or quasi-judicial entity.
ADMINISTRATIVE That aspect of administrative responsibility by which offi
ACCOUNTABILITY: specific legal mandates.
:
CONTINGENCY The use of different administrative strategies under differe
APPROACH: : performs or the technology it uses and the style of superv
best given those factors.
CORPORATIONS : Legal entities created by states, which approve charters su
EQUAL Refers to efforts to eliminate employment discrimination
EMPLOYMENT persons have an equal chance to compete for employment
OPPORTUNITY :
EQUALITY : The idea that all persons have an equal claim to life, libert
EVALUATION : The use of research techniques to measure the past perfo
seeks to modify--for the purposes of changing the operatio
EXCISE TAX : Tax applied to the sale of specific commodities.
EXPENSING : Allows for the depreciation of the entire cost of an asset d
EXTERNAL Those costs imposed by majorities on minorities.
COSTS :
FEDERALISM : A constitutional division of governmental power betwee
with each having some independent authority over its citiz
FIDUCIARY FUNDS Funds used when government must hold assets for individ
:
FISCAL The degree to which government responsibilities are born
CENTRALIZATION
:
FISCAL POLICY : Public policy concerned with the impact of government ta
COMPARABLE Notion that men and women in jobs that are not identical b
WORTH: :
COMPLIANCE Costs taxpayers incur in order to comply with tax laws.
COSTS OF
TAXATION: :
CONSTITUENCY : Any group or organization interested in the work and actio
also, the interest (sometimes geographic area) served by a
CONSTITUENT Policy designed to benefit the public generally or to serve
POLICY: :
COOPERATIVE Greater sharing of responsibilities between federal and sta
FEDERALISM: :
FORMAL Theories stressing formal, structural arrangements within
THEORIES OF the highest degree of organizational efficiency; examples
ORGANIZATION :
FORMULA Grants that employ a specific division rule to indicate how much money any
GRANTS :
FREE RIDERS : Individuals who let others pay for goods they themselves
FULLY FUNDED A pension fund that has the financial resources necessary
PENSION FUND :
"GARBAGE CAN" A theory of organizational decision making applicable
theory of histories are difficult to interpret, and participants wan
organizational ambiguity, with so much uncertainty in the decision makin
choice :
GIFT TAXES : Taxes imposed on the transfer of wealth while a taxpayer
GOAL Agreement on fundamental goals in the context of an o
CONGRUENCE : central objectives; in practice, its absence in many instanc
GOVERNMENT When a public policy results in an inefficient or inequitab
FAILURE :
GRANTS : Transfers of money (and/or property) from one governme
GROSS FEDERAL The debt held by federal government agencies plus that he
DEBT :
GROSS INCOME : Sum of all income sources subject to taxation.
HIERARCHY : A characteristic of formal bureaucratic organizations; a cl
and superior to the one below it; one of the most common
HORIZONTAL All individuals with identical abilities to pay are assigned
EQUITY :
HUMAN Theories stressing workers' noneconomic needs and motiv
RELATIONS working conditions and social interactions among workers
THEORIES OF
ORGANIZATION :
INCREMENTALISM A model of decision making that stresses making decis
: focuses on simplifying choices rather than aspiring to com
INDEPENDENT Agencies intentionally created outside the normal cabinet
AGENCIES :
IN-KIND INCOME : Income in the form of goods and services rather than cash
INTERJURISDICTIONAL Arise when governments fail to fully account for co
EXTERNALITIES :
INTERNAL RATE Discount rate at which the present value of a project is zer
OF DISCOUNT :
INTERNALIZATION The allocation of resources by private markets on the bas
OF COSTS :
INTERORGANIZATIONAL Patterns of relationships within and among variou
NETWORKS :
ITEM VETO : A constitutional power available to more than forty of Am
approving the others.
JURISDICTION : In bureaucratic politics, the area of programmatic respons
describe the territory within the boundaries of a governme
MANDATE : Order requiring a government to do something.
MONOPOLY A public sector characterized by a single government.
GOVERNMENT :
NEGATIVE When private markets fail to allocate resources on the bas
EXTERNALITIES :
NEUTRAL The belief that a neutral public bureaucracy following the
COMPETENCE :
NONPROFIT Organizations prohibited by law from distributing surplus
ORGANIZATIONS :
OFFICE OF An important entity in the Executive Office of the U.S.
MANAGEMENT coordinating programs, developing executive talent, and s
AND BUDGET
(OMB) :
OFFICE OF A key administrative unit in the national government
PERSONNEL government personnel system, consistent with presidentia
MANAGEMENT
(OPM) :
OLIGARCHY : Government by the few.
ORGANIZATION A theory of organization that concentrates on increasing
DEVELOPMENT : one of its routine functions; concerned primarily with iden
ORGANIZATIONAL A theory of organization that focuses on those characte
CHANGE : change originate in the external environment, and that the
ORGANIZATIONAL Basic patterns of attitudes, beliefs, and values that underli
CULTURE :
ORGANIZATIONAL A set of organization theories stressing that work holds i
HUMANISM : want to work rather than avoid it, and that they can be
making).
PERFORMANCE Specific evaluation with respect to an individual's progres
APPRAISAL :
PERFORMANCE Analysis and evaluation of the effective performance of ag
AUDITING :
PERFORMANCE Budget format organized around programs or activities (r
BUDGET : indicate the relationship between work actually done and i
PLANNING- Effort to connect planning, systems analysis, and budgetin
PROGRAMMING-
BUDGETING
SYSTEM (PPBS) :
PLURALISM : A social and political concept stressing the appropriatene
protecting broad group interests in society; assumes that
public interest.
POLICY : Statement of goals and intentions with respect to a particu
POLICY Process of researching or analyzing public problems to provide policy ma
different approaches.
ANALYSIS :
POLICY A person willing to invest person time, energy, and money
ENTREPRENEUR :
POLICY A general political and governmental process of carrying
IMPLEMENTATION administrative agencies, under chief executive and/or leg
:
POLITICAL Focusing on politics and economies as categories for anal
ECONOMY
APPROACH :
POLITICS OF THE The requirement that administrators act as advocates for
BUDGETARY protecting their budgetary base, and inching ahead with n
PROCESS : incremental methods of decision making, information dr
standards of quality.
PREEMPTION : Federal government efforts to preempt an area traditionall
LIBERAL A fundamental form of political arrangement, founded on
DEMOCRACY: :
POLITICS/ADMINISTRATION The belief, growing out of the early adminis
DICHOTOMY : political interference in administration would
government ought to be wholly separated f
assignment of objectives before they could be
POSITION Analyzing and organizing jobs on the basis of duties, resp
CLASSIFICATION :
PRIVATIZATION : Use of nongovernmental agencies to provide goods and se
PROGRESSIVE One that taxes those with higher incomes at a higher rate.
TAX :
PROPORTIONAL One that taxes everyone at the same rate.
TAX :
PROPRIETARY Used to account for government activities hat more closel
FUNDS :
PUBLIC The management and administration of public programs.
ADMINISTRATION
:
PUBLIC A field of practice and study central to public adminis
MANAGEMENT : concerns related to control and direction, such as plann
performance evaluation.
PUBLIC POLICY : The organizing framework of purposes and rationales fo
programs enacted and implemented by the government.
RATIONAL MODEL Derived from economic theories of how to make the "be
OF DECISION requires the smallest input of scarce resources; assumes t
MAKING : and objectively weigh alternatives; stresses rationality in t
RECONCILIATION Legislative action that attempts to reconcile individual act
BILL :
REDISTRIBUTIVE Policy designed to take taxes from certain groups and give
POLICY :
REGRESSIVE TAX : One that taxes those with lower incomes at a proportionate
REGULATION : Government activity designed to monitor and guide priva
included placing limits on producers' prices and practices
recently (termed social regulation) have included regul
minimize product hazards and risks to consumers.
REGULATORY Group formed to regulate a particular area of the econom
COMMISSION : by the Senate.
REGULATORY Policy designed to limit actions of persons or groups to pr
POLICY :
RESCISSION : Presidential decision to permanently withhold funds.
REVENUE Grant pattern in which the money can be used in any way
SHARING :
RULE MAKING : Administrative establishment of general guidelines for app
SATISFICING : The process of decision making that characterizes most go
of action that meets pre-established, minimum standards
optimal solution to a particular problem.
SCIENTIFIC A formal theory of organization developed by Frederick
MANAGEMENT : work procedures, maximum productivity, and profit;
procedures, based on "time and motion" studies.
SPECIAL Local governments created for a specific purpose within a
DISTRICTS :
SPAN OF One of the early principles of administration which stat
CONTROL : directly supervise, generally set at twelve, and advises a
officials reporting to them by either merging certain office
STAKEHOLDERS : The many different persons or interest groups that are invo
STRATEGIC Matching organizational objectives and capabilities to the
PLANNING : achievement of objectives.
SUBGOVERNMENTS The tendency of bureaucrats to seek political support fo
: groups that possess resources the bureaucrats lack, pr
known as iron triangles).
SUNSET LAW : Provision that sets a specific termination date for a progra
SUPPLEMENTAL Bill passed during the fiscal year, adding new money to an
APPROPRIATION :
ZERO-BASE Budget format that presents information about the efficie
BUDGETING : or reducing programs by assuming that the minimum fun
expenditures by the same standard of review that normally
MODERN A body of theory emphasizing empirical examination of
ORGANIZATION attempts to arrive at generalizations applicable to many di
THEORY :
NATIONAL Federal taxes levied on the consumption of goods and serv
CONSUMPTION
TAX :
NATIONAL DEBT : The sum of all unpaid public debt.
NEGATIVE Provides a minimum amount of income for all members o
INCOME TAX
POLICY :
NET INTEREST NET INTEREST EXPENDITURES: Interest expenses from borrowing less t
EXPENDITURES :
NEW PUBLIC A general movement inspired mainly by younger scholars
ADMINISTRATION value-neutrality in administrative research and practice, an
: by the search for efficiency, but by a sensitivity to the
delivery.
PARTICIPATORY A political and philosophical belief in direct involvemen
DEMOCRACY : some to be essential to the existence of democratic govern
PUBLIC-CHOICE An approach to public administration based on micro-e
ECONOMICS : services and would attempt to maximize administrative
activities in which public agencies would compete to pro
which administrative agencies in effect act as monopolies
argue, are institutionally incapable of representing the dem
SPOILS SYSTEM : A system of hiring personnel based on political loyalty an
form of rewarding party supporters with government jobs.
SYSTEM : Set of regularized interactions configured or "bounded"
system's environment.
SYSTEMS THEORY A theory of social organizations, holding that organizati
: outputs resulting from organizational activity, and feedba
system that affects all other parts.
TASK FORCES : Groups brought together to work on specific organizationa
THEORY X and Two opposing assumptions about people at work that lea
THEORY Y : avoid responsibility, prefer to be directed, and have to be
seek responsibility, demonstrate a high degree of imagina
can become committed.
WHISTLE- Making any disclosure of legal violations (especially within public organizati
the disclosure is made within or outside the formal chain of command.
BLOWING :