10.49: Design a 3rd order low-pass filter with fc = 1.
0 GHz for a 50 Ω system starting
with the Figure 10.28(a) circuit configuration. Determine component values for each
amount of ripple (0.1, 1 and 3 dB) and compare the three insertion loss responses.
Setup: This is very similar to Example 10.15.
Solution:
Referring to Figure 10.31(a), we have
the following equations based on
values of g1, g2 and g3 read from the
appropriate portion of Table 10.3, after
applying both impedance and
frequency transformations:
g g R
C1 '' = 1 = C3 '', L2 '' = 2 .
ωc R ωc Figure 10.31(a)
Calculating the component values for each amount of ripple (calculations are within the
MATLAB program below), we arrive at the following table:
Ripple g1 = g3 g2 C L
0.1 dB 1.0315 1.1474 3.283pF 9.131nH
1 dB 2.0236 0.9941 6.441pF 7.911nH
3 dB 3.3487 0.7117 10.66pF 5.664nH
For the MATLAB routine used to compare the insertion loss responses, we let
−j
XC = and XL = jω L.
ωC
Considering v1 is the voltage across C1, we define Z1 as the impedance seen looking to
the right of C1 and Z2 as the parallel impedance of Z1 and C1. Then,
⎛ R XC ⎞
vLf = Z1v1 , where Z1 = ⎜
⎜ R XC + XL ⎟⎟
,
⎝ ⎠
⎛ Z2 ⎞
and v1 = ⎜ ⎟ vs , where Z 2 = Z1 XC.
⎝ Z2 + R ⎠
Then, with vL = vs/2, we arrive at
vL R + Z 2
= .
vLf 2 Z1Z 2
Note that the parallel function (see Chapter 9) must be in your work directory.
% MLP1049
%
% Compare N=3 LPF with different ripples
%
Written by Stuart M. Wentworth. Copyright John Wiley and Sons 2007
R=50;
fc=1e9;
wc=2*pi*fc;
% 0.1 dB ripple
g1=1.0315;
g2=1.1474;
C=g1/(wc*R);
L=g2*R/wc;
f=0.1:0.01:10;
w=2*pi*f*1e9;
XC=-j./(w.*C);
XL=j.*w.*L;
Z1=parallel(R,XC)./(parallel(R,XC)+XL);
Z2=parallel(Z1,XC);
A=abs((R+Z2)./(2.*Z1.*Z2));
ILa=20*log10(A);
% 1 dB ripple
g1=2.0236;
g2=.9941;
C=g1/(wc*R);
L=g2*R/wc;
f=0.1:0.01:10;
w=2*pi*f*1e9;
XC=-j./(w.*C);
XL=j.*w.*L;
Z1=parallel(R,XC)./(parallel(R,XC)+XL);
Z2=parallel(Z1,XC);
A=abs((R+Z2)./(2.*Z1.*Z2));
ILb=20*log10(A);
% 3 dB ripple
g1=3.3487;
g2=.7117;
C=g1/(wc*R);
L=g2*R/wc;
f=0.1:0.01:10;
w=2*pi*f*1e9;
XC=-j./(w.*C);
XL=j.*w.*L;
Z1=parallel(R,XC)./(parallel(R,XC)+XL);
Z2=parallel(Z1,XC);
A=abs((R+Z2)./(2.*Z1.*Z2));
ILc=20*log10(A);
Written by Stuart M. Wentworth. Copyright John Wiley and Sons 2007
semilogx(f,ILa,'--',f,ILb,'-',f,ILc)
legend('0.1 dB','1 dB','3 dB')
grid on
xlabel('frequency (GHz)')
ylabel('IL (dB)')
Fig. P10.49
Written by Stuart M. Wentworth. Copyright John Wiley and Sons 2007