10.
45: Suppose you join a pair of quadrature hybrid couplers (port 2 of coupler 1
attached to port 1 of coupler 2, port 4 of coupler 1 attached to port 3 of coupler 2). The
resulting network will have 4 ports: ports 1 and 3 from the first coupler, and ports 2 and 4
from the second coupler. Determine the overall scattering matrix.
Setup: The situation is shown in Figure P10.45. Each individual coupler in Figure
P10.45 has the matrix:
⎡0 j 1 0⎤
⎢ ⎥
−1 ⎢ j 0 0 1 ⎥
[S ] = ⎢ .
2 1 0 0 j⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 j 0⎦
Fig. P10.45
Solution:
We can expand the matrix to yield the following equations, where we’ve also indicated
the equivalent terms VA−2 = VB+1 , VA+2 = VB−1 , VA−3 = VB+4 , and VA+3 = VB−4 :
For the A matrix:
VA−1 = S12VA+2 + S13VA+3 = S21VB−1 + S13VB−4
VA−2 = S 21VA+1 + S 24VA+4
VA−3 = S31VA+1 + S34VA+4
VA−4 = S 42VA+2 + S 43VA+3 = S42VB−1 + S 43VB−4
For the B matrix:
Written by Stuart M. Wentworth. Copyright John Wiley and Sons 2007
VB−1 = S12VB+2 + S13VB+3
VB−2 = S 21VB+1 + S 24VB+4 = S21VA−2 + S 24VA−3
VB−3 = S31VB+1 + S34VB+4 = S31VA−2 + S34VA−3
VB−4 = S 42VB+2 + S 43VB+3
Note that for the overall matrix, we are only interested in VA−1 , VA−4 , VB−2 , and VB−3 . So we
insert reflected values into those equations. For example,
VA−1 = S 21VB−1 + S13VB−4 = S 21 ( S 21VB+2 + S13VB+3 ) + S13 ( S 42VB+2 + S 43VB+3 ) ,
which expanding and rearranging becomes
VA−1 = ( S 21S 21 + S13 S 42 ) VB+2 + ( S 21S13 + S13 S 43 ) VB+3
Inserting the scattering parameter values, we find
⎛ ⎛ − j ⎞⎛ − j ⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎞ + ⎛ ⎛ − j ⎞⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞⎛ − j ⎞ ⎞ +
VA−1 = ⎜ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟+⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎟ VB 2 + ⎜ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟+⎜ ⎟⎜
+
⎟ ⎟ VB 3 = − jVB 3
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠
Likewise, we find
VA−4 = jVB+2
VB−2 = jVA+4
VB−3 = − jVA+1.
The overall scattering matrix is then:
⎡0 0 −j 0 ⎤
⎢0 0 0 + j ⎥⎥
[ Soverall ] = ⎢
⎢
−j 0 0 0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 +j 0 0⎦
Written by Stuart M. Wentworth. Copyright John Wiley and Sons 2007