Angela P.
Reyes
BSMT 3-A
ASSIGNMENT: August 19, 2021 (Deadline)
As a review of Microscopy which you have taken already in the subjects you had before, answer
the following using your own words. After all your answers, list down the resources or
references that you used (if any) in answering using the APA format (this is worth 2 points). Do
not copy paste or plagiarize information.
1. What is a microscope? (1 point)
Microscope is a common piece of equipment that pathologist and medical technologists
operate. The pathologist studies the slide under the microscope in order to detect
disease processes or abnormalities that will have a direct effect on the patient's
treatment. The microscope magnifies images and enables observation of tiny
morphologic cellular features that are not visible to the naked eye. A microscope must
perform the following functions in order to be useful. It must magnify the object, it must
resolve the features of the object and make the features visible.
2. What are the different types of microscope? Describe each type. (5 points)
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE DESRICPTION
The simple microscope is considered to be the first
Simple Microscope microscope. Jewelry eyepieces, reading glasses,
and pocket magnifiers are all examples of a simple
microscope.
A compound light microscope is a microscope with
multiple lenses and its own source of illumination. A
Compound – Light
compound light microscope is also referred to as a
Microscope
bright field microscope due to the fact that it contains
its own light source at the base.
It is frequently used in compound microscopes, in
A. Bright Field
which light is transmitted through or reflected off a
Microscope
specimen.
Dark-field microscope is optimal for illuminating
B. Dark Field
unstained samples, gives the appearance of strong
Microscope
illumination against a dark background.
It is a sort of light microscopy in which the optical
C. Phase Contract path of light is manipulated to enhance the contrast
Microscope between transparent and colorless objects. This
approach enables the study of the cell cycle in living
cells.
It is a type of light microscopy that is based on the
interference principle. It uses two coherent beams of
D. Differential Interface light and image contrast achieved using optical path
Microscope gradients. It generates clear optical segments from
thick transparent specimens as well as a three-
dimensional shaded image. The Nomarski optics
reveal cellular intricacies in a unique way.
A fluorescence microscope is a microscope that
generates images through the use of fluorescence..
E. Fluorescence
The fluorescent microscope is a high-resolution tool
Microscope
used to detect tubercle bacilli in routine diagnostic
tuberculosis laboratory tests.
This technique involves scanning the specimen at
successive focal planes with a focused light beam,
F. Confocal Microscope
frequently from a laser, then reconstructing the
specimen in three dimensions from the images.
By monitoring image contrast or color shifts,
G. Polarizing
polarizing microscopes can be used to examine the
Microscopes
birefringent properties of anisotropic specimens.
A stereo microscope is a type of optical microscope
H. Stereo Microscope that enables the user to observe a specimen three-
dimensionally.
An electron microscope is a type of microscope that
is illuminated by a beam of accelerated electrons. It
Electron Microscope releases a stream of electrons with a wave length
significantly shorter than visible light, which enables
an electron microscope to have a better resolution
and magnification.
The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is
similar to an optical microscope in that it employs
A. Transmission electrons rather than light and electromagnets rather
Electron Microscope than glass lenses. By use electrons rather than light,
a far better resolution is achieved, resulting in a two-
dimensional vision.
A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) illuminates
things with electrons and examines their surfaces by
B. Scanning Electron scanning them with a narrow electron beam. The
Microscope image is three-dimensional. It features a high
magnification and a high degree of resolution. The
photographs are monochrome.
It is a type of microscope that is used to investigate
Scanning Probe Microscopy
surfaces at the nanoscale.
The electrostatic force between the tip and the
specimen is measured by the atomic force
A. Atomic Force microscope. This type of microscope has an
Microscope (AFM) extremely high resolution on the scale of nanometer
fractions. The image is created by touching the
specimen's surfaces with the microscope's probe.
The electrical current between the tip and the
B. Scanning Tunneling specimen is measured using scanning tunneling
microscopy (STM) microscopy (STM). Scanning microscopes move the
probe tip back and forth across the sample's surface
in order to create a visualized image.
3. Who is the first person given credit to construct and use a compound
microscope? (1 point)
It was in the late 15th century, when the Dutch spectacle-maker Zacharias Jansen
started using the first compound microscopes, that several major discoveries were
made. It was considered a unique piece of equipment when the microscope was first
invented.
4. What are the optical parts of a light microscope? Mechanical parts? (8 points)
MECHANICAL PARTS OF THE
MICROSCOPE
OPTICAL PARTS OF MICROSCOPE
AA curved-like
lens that is structure
attached that supports
beneath the
the stage;
Condenser
Arm tube; the part where we held the
it collects light onto the subject
microscope
They are attached below to the revolving
Objective Aka foot that shaped
can belike a horse-shoe;
Base Lens nosepiece that magnified into 4x,
bottom part45x,
up to 10x, that100x
supports the microscope
Tubular,
Also known hollow parteyepieces;
as the attached tothis
theisarm;
Body Tube
Ocular Lens can
where you can observed the imagedown
be adjusted and move up and of an
through
object. the knobs.
Large-sized knob; focuses on low
Coarse Adjustment Knob
magnification; to focus the object clearly
Small-sized knob; used to focus the
Fine Adjustment Knob object perfectly and sharply; focuses on
high magnification.
Attached underneath the stage; limits the
Iris Diaphragm
light intensity entering the microscope
A resolving disc metallic part where the
Resolving Nosepiece
objective lenses are attached.
A flat platform where a specimen is
Stage placed to be studied; where the light pass
through
Stage Clips Secures the specimen slide on the stage
5. Define the following terms in microscopy: Resolving power, total magnification,
field of view (3 points)
[Link]
[Link]
Field of View The field of view of a microscope is the largest area that may
be seen through the microscope eyepiece. In microscopy, the
field of view is expressed by the diameter of the lenses.
Resolving Power An objective lens's resolving power is measured by contrasting
two points or lines in an object. The higher the resolving power,
the smaller the minimum distance between two discernible
lines or points.
Total Magnification Magnification is the process that increases the size of the
structure under examination. It is achieved by the use of a
microscope’s lens system. The total magnification of a
microscope is the combination of the magnification of the
objective andoc.
Example:
Objective 40x
Eyepiece 10
10 (eyepieces) times 40 (lenses) = 400x
Total Magnification 400x
6. How does a compound microscope works? (5 points)
[Link]
A compound microscope consists of two or more lenses, which are curved pieces of
glass or plastic that bend light rays and magnify objects, causing them to look larger
than they actually are. By adjusting the stage, you may adjust the focus of the image you
see by bringing the lenses closer to or further away from the object you're observing. To
examine something under a microscope, a specimen must first be prepared. You put the
specimen on a glass slide and secure it with a glass cover slip. Two metal clips, one on
each side, secure the slide in place. The mirror-reflected light travels up the glass slide,
specimen, and cover slip to the objective lens. This results in the first magnification.
Other objective lenses can be used to magnify the specimen by varying the
magnification. The objective lens magnifies the image created, which is then enlarged
once again by the eyepiece lens, which functions as a basic magnifying glass. Through
the eyepiece lens, you can see the magnified image.
Society, N. G. (2019, May 23). Microscopes | National Geographic Society. National Geographic Society.
[Link]
The Compound Light Microscope. (n.d.). The Compound Light Microscope.
[Link]
Bruce-Gregorios, J.H. & Faldas, M.E. (2017). Histopathological Techniques. Katha Publishing CO., INC.