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Taping Measurements on Sloping Ground

The document summarizes a surveying lab exercise where students measured the length of two lines, AB and BA, on smooth sloping ground using a tape. They calculated: 1) The difference between the lines was 0.4m 2) The mean length was 99.2m 3) The relative precision was 1/200

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37 views5 pages

Taping Measurements on Sloping Ground

The document summarizes a surveying lab exercise where students measured the length of two lines, AB and BA, on smooth sloping ground using a tape. They calculated: 1) The difference between the lines was 0.4m 2) The mean length was 99.2m 3) The relative precision was 1/200

Uploaded by

mechaella
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GE 135 – FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING

Laboratory Exercise No. 2


TAPING OVER SMOOTH AND SLOPING GROUND

OBJECTIVE/S:
o To determine the horizontal length of a line over the smooth and sloping ground
with the tape supported throughout its length.

FIELDNOTES:

Observed Distance of line AB


Trial Line Length Difference Mean Relative Precision

1 AB 99m 0.4m 99.2 m 1/200 m

2 BA 99.4m

COMPUTATIONS:

DIFFERENCE:
D iff = AB−BA=BA −AB
¿ 99.4 m−99 m

Diff =0.4 m

MEAN
( AB+ BA)
Mean=
2

(99.4 m+ 99m)
¿
2
Mean=99.2 m

RELATIVE PRECISION :

diff
RP ¿
mean

0.4 m
¿
99.2 m

¿
0.4 m ( 0.41 m )
1
99.2 m( )
0.4 m
1
¿ ∨¿
248

1
RP=
200
LABORATORY REPORT:
● Introduction

Taping is the process of measuring a distance directly with a calibrated tape or


measuring tape that comes in a range of lengths, materials, and weights. Stretching
measuring tapes, usually, steel tape, between two places is required. Taping includes
aligning the tape, extending it, labeling it, and documenting the length of the tape. One
of the most frequent methods for measuring or setting down horizontal distances is to
use tape. In this lab report, we were given the assignment to find the difference, mean,
and relative precision from the data presented above, which is the length measurement
of the lines AB and BA with lengths of 99m and 99.4m, respectively.

● Results

Table 1: Observed Distance of line AB

Trial Line Length Difference Mean Relative Precision


1 AB 99m
0.4 99.2m 1
2 BA 99.4m
200

As shown in Table 1 above, it consists of data of the measured length of lines AB and
BA from taping over a smooth and level ground. A total of two trials were conducted,
which measured points A to B and B to A. The first line, which is AB, has a length of 99
meters, and the second line, which is BA, has 99.4 meters. From these measurements, we
have computed the difference with solutions shown above, and we got 0.4 as a result of
subtracting line BA from line AB. After that, we have calculated the 99.2 meters as their
mean by adding the length values of the two lines and dividing the sum by two. Lastly,
we get the relative precision by simply dividing the difference by the mean of the two
lines with a result of 1/200.
● Conclusion

As a result, the distances between lines AB and BA were measured by taping on smooth and
level ground with a calibrated measuring tape. Line AB has a horizontal length of 99 meters, and
line BA has a horizontal length of 99.4 meters over the smooth and sloping ground with the tape
held throughout its length. The most probable length of the line is 99.2 meters, with a relative
precision of 1/200.

DOCUMENTATION:

Laboratory Exercise No. 2


Laboratory Exercise No. 2

Common questions

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Mean relative precision measures the consistency of measurements relative to their total length, indicating the level of accuracy. A higher precision ratio, such as 1/200 observed in the exercise, reveals a low degree of error in comparison to the overall distance, thus conveying high accuracy and reliability in the measurements taken. By analyzing mean relative precision, surveyors can assess the potential variability of their measurements, ensuring data precision, crucial for professional standards in surveying and mapping .

To calculate the mean distance when measuring lines AB and BA over smooth ground, measure the distance from point A to point B (AB), which is 99m, and from point B to point A (BA), which is 99.4m. Sum these two measured values and then divide by 2. This yields a mean distance of 99.2m, representing the average of the two measurements .

When taping over sloping ground, challenges such as maintaining consistent tape tension, avoiding sagging, and accounting for incline can affect measurement accuracy. The lab exercise addresses these by ensuring the tape is supported throughout its length and compensating for changes in elevation, as indicated by measurements on smooth ground as a controlled variable. Precision instruments and meticulous handling during taping help mitigate these issues, maintaining measurement reliability .

Relative precision in surveying is determined by dividing the difference between the measured values of a line (AB - BA) by the mean of these values. In this exercise, the difference was 0.4m, and the mean was 99.2m, resulting in a relative precision of 1/200. This indicates that the error in measurement is quite small compared to the total distance, meaning that measurements are fairly accurate .

Documentation in the lab exercise underpins the accuracy and reproducibility of results by providing a detailed record of measurements, methodology, and calculations. Accurate documentation ensures all steps and findings are transparently recorded, allowing others to replicate the exercise under similar conditions and verify findings. It serves as a reference point for error correction and reinforces data integrity, critical for professional surveys .

The lab report emphasizes the importance of recording mean length as a way to average out measurement errors and create a more statistically stable and reliable figure representative of the true distance. This involves summing up the measurements from both directional trials and dividing by two, resulting in a mean length of 99.2m. This process mitigates random errors, providing a more accurate portrayal of the physical distance over terrain .

Using steel tape for measuring distances in surveying provides durability and precision, essential for reliable linear measurements. Steel tapes are less affected by tension variations and sagging compared to other materials, ensuring consistent and accurate measurements over long distances. In the context of the document, this ensures the precision required for determining horizontal lengths on smooth and sloping ground, illustrating the tape's reliability in professional surveying tasks .

The purpose of labeling and documenting measurements during the taping process is to ensure clarity and traceability of data, facilitating analysis and verification of results. The process involves marking the tape after measurement to denote distances, recording these measurements accurately, and compiling them into structured field notes for further calculations. This systematic approach aids in identifying measurement errors and serves as a record for possible audits or future reference .

In the context of surveying, the 'difference' between two measurements, specifically AB and BA, highlights discrepancies due to potential errors like instrument misalignment or slope effects. Calculated as BA - AB, this difference reveals any inconsistency or deviation from expected results. By identifying a difference of 0.4m, the lab report demonstrates awareness of potential measurement imperfections, crucial for enhancing precision and refining survey methods .

Conducting measurements in both directions—AB and BA—checks for errors and improves measurement reliability. By taking measurements in reverse directions, surveying reduces the influence of systematic errors, such as consistent tape tension or slope effects. It provides a mechanism for identifying discrepancies, ensuring that resulting data are more accurate and precise. This methodological redundancy is crucial in obtaining a more reliable mean value, as demonstrated through the calculation of the mean length and relative precision in the document .

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