Baliwag Polytechnic College
Dalubhasaan Kong Mahal
2nd Semester
A.Y. 2020 – 2021
STUDY GUIDES
Your success to finish this module lies in your hand. This module is prepared for you to
learn new concepts and invaluable skills diligently, intelligently, and independently. As a future
young professional, doing these will greatly help and prepare you to become a responsible
student. Set your goals and invest for your future. This is your first step towards your priceless
investment for a brighter tomorrow. Do not waste your time, effort and energy. Always stay
motivated and inspired to make your dreams come true. The following guides and house rules
will help you further to be on track and to stay at the end of the module.
1. Schedule and manage your time wisely for you to accomplish the given tasks
in this module.
2. If there are things that you do not understand, go over and focus on the lesson.
If this will not work, seek the help of your family members or leave me a
message so I can give assistance.
3. Before you start doing anything else, read and understand the learning tasks
carefully. Always aim for the best and do not settle with low grades.
4. Think before you write. In answering all the assessment activities, write
legibly and follow the instructions as needed.
5. Do not hesitate to keep an open communication with me through any available
platforms. I am more than willing to help you to accomplish your goals.
6. Once you are done in the module, you can proceed doing other tasks in the
succeeding units that are scheduled for the finals.
7. You are expected to answer all the printed-based activities, assignments and
reflection guides for you to pass in this course.
8. Remember you are the student hence you are expected to accomplish and
study the module on your own. You can seek help and support from your
family members and friends but the actual activities must be done by you.
GRADING SYSTEM
Midterm Grade
Self-paced activities, Quizzes -60%
Examination -40%
Tentative Final Grade
Self-paced activities, Quizzes, Portfolio -60%
Examination -40%
Final Grade Midterm 50% + TFG 50%
STUDY SCHEDULE
Dates Module /Topics
Module 1 The Scope and Meaning of Ethics
Week 1 Future Growth
Lesson 1 A Deeper Understanding of Ethics
January 4-8, 2021 Lesson 2 Morality and Other Phases of
Human
Life
Lesson 3 Morality and Human Acts
Weeks 2 Module 2 Moral Standards and Human
January 11-15, 2021 Freedom
Lesson 1 Moral Standards
Week 3 Module 3 Morality
Lesson 1 The Norms of Morality
January 18-22, 2021 Lesson 2 Defective Norms of Morality
Week 4 Module 4 Dilemma
January 25-29, 2021 Lesson 1 What is Dilemma?
Week 5 Module 5 Culture in Moral Behavior
February 1-5, 2021 Lesson 1 Culture in Moral Behavior
Explained
Week 6 Module 6 Filipino Culture and Morality
February 8-12, 2021 Lesson 1 Culture Relativism
Lesson 2 Filipino Psyche and Morality
Week 7 Module 7 Morality and Conscience
February 15-19, Lesson 1 Morality
2021 Lesson 2 Kinds of Values
Week 8 Module 8 Feelings and Moral Decisions
February 22-26, Lesson 1 The Ethics of Love
2021
Week 9 Module 9 Human Reasoning
March 1-5, 2021 Lesson 1 Types of Human Reasoning
Week 10 Module 10 Courage and Moral Courage
March 8-12, 2021 Lesson 1 Virtue and Types of courage
Week 11 Module 11 Aristotle on Virtue
March 15-19, 2021 Lesson 1 Virtue According to Aristotle and
his
Definition of Happiness
Week 12 Module 12 The Philosophy of St. Thomas
March 22-26, 2021 Aquinas
Lesson 1 St. Thomas Aquinas on the Natural
Law
Week 13 Module 13 The Philosophy of Immanuel Kant
April 5-9, 2021 Lesson 1 Man and Duty
Lesson 2 Kant’s Philosophy of Good Will
Lesson 3 Kant’s Categorical Imperative
Lesson 4 The Kingdom of Ends
Week 14 Module 14 Rights
April 12-16, 2021 Lesson 1 Types of Human Rights
Week 15 Module 15 The Philosophy of Utilitarianism
April 19-23, 2021 Lesson 1 Utilitarianism
Lesson 2 Positive and Negative Utilitarianism
Lesson 3 Business Utilitarianism
Week 16 Module 16 Justice and Fairness
April 26-30, 2021 Lesson 1 State and Law
Lesson 2 Government and Justice
Week 17 Module 17 Pluralism versus Fundamentalism
May 3-7, 2021 Lesson 1 What is Social Justice
Lesson 2 Globalization and Pluralism
Lesson 3 The Filipino Millennials aka
Filinnials
Lesson 4 The Role of Religion in Ethics
Course Description:
Ethics is the study of how we ought to live. Since the ancient Greeks,
philosophers have held ethics as one of the most important fields in philosophy
because of its intimate ties with everyday life. During the first part of this course, we
will consider and critique different principles and theories which purport to explain
what makes an action right or wrong, and what sort of character traits we ought to
develop. In the second part of the course, we will investigate the status of ethical
theories and claims. We will attempt to discover whether there are objective truths
about how we ought to live, or if ethics is ultimately a matter of subjective opinions
and desires. In the final part of the course, we will consider some practical ethical
issues such as global poverty and animal welfare.
Module 8
Feelings and Moral Decisions
This module was comprised of one lesson
Lesson 1 The Ethics of Love
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. To understand the contribution and non-contribution to moral decisions
2. To know the ethics of love
3. To differentiate virtues from vices
What are feelings and emotions?
Before we begin this discourse, let us differentiate feelings and emotions. Feelings are
defined as an emotional state or reaction while emotions are distinctive feeling distinguished
from reasoning or knowledge. Simply put emotions or feelings do not play any role in a human
act and is not justifiable with regard to moral decisions. As mentioned in many books human
acts are human actions men perform knowingly, freely and voluntarily. Ergo a human act must
have these three qualifications a) he must be fully be aware of what he is doing or what he will
do, b) he used his freedom of choice to decide using his innate free will and 3) his decision is
not coerced by any outside factor. Feelings and emotions are one and the same for it plays
merely to the weakness of men which some sociologists dubbed as “human frailties”. It can
never be used as an excuse for our negative actions for if we allow our emotions to “decide”
then we are not acting as human beings. Brutes react only to mere instincts for they lack
reason, emotions are devoid of reason and rely to spur-of-the-moment decisions or the mood
of the doer.
LESSON 1
The ethics of Love
Many people are confused between love and emotions. We think that emotions are
strong because of love for it propels people to feel it. We have to refute this perverted claim, in
the scientific world emotions can be seen through the face of the doer (see emoticons) from
there we can discern happiness, sadness, anger and content but what moves them, it is not
love but drives. By drive me mean the cravings of men that they simply can’t do without such as
hunger, need for sex, companionship and the likes. From these needs man developed a desire
to acquire them by any means possible and emotions are born, if we succeed in doing so, we
felt happy or contented if not it led to frustration that may later result into anger or sadness.
These craving of man boosted his competitive nature that he won’t stop until he achieved it. In
short, emotions are simply attachments that resulted due to man’s desires. Love on the other
hand is an intense feeling of deep affection that is also a drive but compared to emotion which
is solely for self-aggrandizement, love does not necessarily have to be reciprocated. Man can
love another person, thing or event even if it does not render love in return. In relation to love
when it comes to moral decision such love is acceptable just as long as it is guided by morality
and reason.
Vice and Virtue
Socrates once said that, “knowledge is virtue and ignorance is vice”. We got these things
from the habits we obtain from dealing with people in our everyday lives. A virtue is a trait or
quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and
good moral being while vice is the opposite is what we know as vice. Different from feelings,
this is not a spur-of-the-moment affair, this develops as man progressed intellectually and
physically. Bad habits develop into vice that as mentioned earlier the opposite of virtue.
Moral Values – are those pertaining to the functions of the intellect and the will – that
may be our choices, decisions and actions that became habits. This later will develop spiritual
growth that is part of human perfection. Moral values have the following characteristics: a)
they have intrinsic work – they are good acts in themselves without any shadow of doubt, b)
they are universally accepted by all people and c) they are obligatory which means everyone is
expected to abide by it considering that it is a universally accepted good.
Guidelines for choosing values:
1. Paramount or lasting values over temporal ones
2. Values favored by the majority instead by a few individuals
3. Essential values must be preferred over the accidental
4. Moral values must be preferred over physical values
References and Supplementary Materials
Books and Journals
Agapay, Ramon B.; Ethics and the Filipinos; Mandaluyong Metro Manila, National
Book Store Inc.
Babor, Eddie R.; Ethics – The Philosophical Discipline of Action; Manile, Rex BookStore
Montemayor, Felix; Ethics the Philippines; Navotas Metro Manila; National Book Store
Online Supplementary Reading Materials
1. Love isn’t an emotion; [Link] ;
October 26, 2016
2. Virtue; [Link] Written by: Christopher S. Espiritu AMACC
Caloocan Campus