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Gauss's Law and Electric Flux Explained

The document defines electric flux as the electric field passing through a given surface area, represented by the equation ΦE = E ∙ A. It states that electric flux is proportional to the number of field lines passing through the surface. Gauss's law relates the total electric flux through a closed surface to the net electric charge enclosed by the surface, represented by the equation ΦE = Qenclosed/ε0. The document then provides several problems calculating electric flux through various surfaces given information about enclosed charge or applied electric fields.

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Nicole Bien
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14 views15 pages

Gauss's Law and Electric Flux Explained

The document defines electric flux as the electric field passing through a given surface area, represented by the equation ΦE = E ∙ A. It states that electric flux is proportional to the number of field lines passing through the surface. Gauss's law relates the total electric flux through a closed surface to the net electric charge enclosed by the surface, represented by the equation ΦE = Qenclosed/ε0. The document then provides several problems calculating electric flux through various surfaces given information about enclosed charge or applied electric fields.

Uploaded by

Nicole Bien
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ELECTRIC CHARGE,

COULOMB‘S LAW,
ELECTRIC FIELDS AND
ELECTRIC FLUX
GAUSS‘S LAW
Gauss‘s law involves the concept of electric flux.

Electric flux refers to the electric field passing


through a given area.

<<
ELECTRIC FLUX
Electric flux is defined as:
2
𝑁∙𝑚
ϕ𝐸 = 𝐸 ∙ 𝐴 ,
𝐶

Φ𝐸 – electric flux (𝑁 ∙ 𝑚2 Τ𝐶)


𝐸 – electric field (𝑁Τ𝐶)
𝐴 – surface area (𝑚2 )

<<
ELECTRIC FLUX
Electric flux is defined as:
2
𝑁∙𝑚
ϕ𝐸 = 𝐸⊥ ∙ 𝐴 ,
𝐶

Φ𝐸 – electric flux (𝑁 ∙ 𝑚2 Τ𝐶)


𝐸⊥ – electric field (𝑁Τ𝐶)
𝐴 – surface area (𝑚2 )

<<
ELECTRIC FLUX
Electric flux is defined as:
2
𝑁∙𝑚
ϕ𝐸 = 𝐸 ∙ 𝐴⊥ ,
𝐶

Φ𝐸 – electric flux (𝑁 ∙ 𝑚2 Τ𝐶)


𝐸 – electric field (𝑁Τ𝐶)
𝐴⊥ – surface area (𝑚2 )

<<
ELECTRIC FLUX
• Alternatively, we can
define a vector A,
which equals to the
area A and is
directed
perpendicularly to
 
the area  = E  A = EA cos 

Flux is proportional to the number of field lines going through the surface

6
GAUSS‘S LAW
Gauss‘s law involves the total flux through a closed
surface – a surface of any shape that encloses the
volume of space.

<<
ELECTRIC FLUX
Electric flux is on an enclosed space is defined as:

𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙
𝐸∙𝐴=
𝜖0

𝐸 – electric field (𝑁Τ𝐶)


𝐴 – surface area (𝑚2 )
𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙 – enclosed charge (𝐶)
𝜖0 – permittivity of free space
<<
PROBLEM 7

An electric field of 500 V/m makes an angle of 30.00 with


the surface vector, which has a magnitude of 0.500 m2. Find
the electric flux that passes through the surface.

9
PROBLEM 8

What is the magnitude of the electric flux ΦE


emanating from a point charge of 2.00 miCro-
coulomb?

10
PROBLEM 9

Determine the electric flux for a gaussian


surface that contains 100 million electrons.

11
PROBLEM 10

Find the flux through a spherical Gaussian


surface of radius a = 1 m surrounding a charge
of 8.85 pico-Coulomb.

12
PROBLEM 11
A 6.0 nano-Coulomb point charge is located at the
center of a cube of side length 2.0 m. What is the
electric flux through each of the faces of the cube?

13
PROBLEM 12
A cylindrical metal can has a height of 27 cm and a radius of 11 cm.
The electric field is directed outward along the entire surface of the can
(including the top and bottom), with a uniform magnitude of 4.5 x 105
N/C. How much charge does the can contain?

14
THANK YOU

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