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Basic Differentiation Formulas Guide

This document discusses differentiation formulas for constant functions, power functions, polynomials, and exponential functions. It introduces the power rule for differentiating x^n, where the derivative of x^n is nx^(n-1). It also discusses differentiating sums and products of functions using the sum and constant multiple rules. Examples are provided to demonstrate differentiating simple polynomials and trigonometric functions like sine and cosine. The concept of marginal cost in economics is explained using derivatives to represent the rate of change of cost with respect to production quantity.

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57 views8 pages

Basic Differentiation Formulas Guide

This document discusses differentiation formulas for constant functions, power functions, polynomials, and exponential functions. It introduces the power rule for differentiating x^n, where the derivative of x^n is nx^(n-1). It also discusses differentiating sums and products of functions using the sum and constant multiple rules. Examples are provided to demonstrate differentiating simple polynomials and trigonometric functions like sine and cosine. The concept of marginal cost in economics is explained using derivatives to represent the rate of change of cost with respect to production quantity.

Uploaded by

Dung Vũ
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

2.3.

Basic differentiation formulas



 In this section we learn how to differentiate constant
functions, power functions, polynomials, and exponential
functions.
 Constant function f(x) = c

 Power function =
 n = 1, f(x) = x, we have
( )= =
Power rule

 n = 2, =
= ( )=2
 n = 3, =
= ( )=3
 n is a positive integer
= ( )=
Example 1

Differentiate: (a) = (b) =
Solution
(a) = = −2 = −2 =−

(b) = = = =
 The Power Rule enables us to find tangent lines without
having to resort to the definition of a derivative. It also
enables us to find normal lines.
 The normal line to a curve C at a point P is the line
through P that is perpendicular to the tangent line at P.
New derivatives from old

 When new functions are formed from old functions by addition,
subtraction, or multiplication by a constant, their derivatives can
be calculated in terms of derivatives of the old functions.

 The above formula says that the derivative of a constant times a


function is the constant times the derivative of the function.
Ex 4: 4 =4 = 4(5 ) = 20 .

− = −1 = −1 1 = −1
New derivatives from old

 The derivative of a sum of functions is the sum of the


derivatives.
The sine and cosine functions

= cos

=−

Ex: Differentiate =2 −3 +5

=8 +3 +5
Applications to rates of change

 The cost function C(x) is the total cost that a company incurs in
producing x units of a certain commodity.
 The instantaneous rate of change of cost with respect to the
number of items produced is called the marginal cost by
economists:
∆
= lim =
∆ ∆
 If the number of items produced is n (large) and ∆ = 1 (∆ is
small compared to n), we have
≈ +1 − ( )
The marginal cost of producing n units is approximately equal
to the cost of producing one more unit (the (n+1) st unit).
 Exercise 51(p.106)
Homework

2.3: 19, 26, 28, 37, 39, 40, 51, 52, 59, 65

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