V. V. P.
Engineering College, Rajkot
Chemical Engineering Department
Mechanical Design of Process Equipment (3170514)
Semester – VII (Chemical)
Tutorial – 1
(Design Preliminaries)
1. Write short note on the following:
Design codes
Design pressure
Design temperature
Design stress and factor of safety
Corrosion allowance
Weld joint effect factor(j)
2. Discuss the types of welding joints in brief.
3. Discuss about various types of static and rotary equipments used in industry.
4. Discuss about the various types of fabrication technique used for the fabrication of
pressure vessel. Explain any one in detail.
Tutorial – 2
(Properties of Materials)
1. Enlist and define various properties of material for the designing of equipment in
industry.
Stress
Strain
Modulus of Elasticity
Rigidity
Elasticity
Creep
Resilience
Ductility
Malleability
Toughness
Hardness
Tutorial – 3
(Design of Reactor)
1. Why jackets are referred for heating and coil are cooling?
2. Give classification of jackets and coils used in reactor with neat sketch of each.
3. Give stepwise design procedure for design of vessel with half coil and channel jacket.
4. State the various types of agitators. Discuss the design aspects of any two in details.
Tutorial – 4
(Design of Agitator)
1. Classification of agitator with neat and clean sketch of each.
2. Give stepwise design procedure for finding out the horse power requirement of
electric motor for agitator.
3. Give stepwise design procedure for shaft used in agitator.
Tutorial – 6
(Design of Tall vertical vessel)
1. Give stepwise design procedure for design of a tall vertical vessel.
2. A vacuum distillation column is to operate under a top pressure 50 mm hg (ab). Trays
of distillation column are supported on periphery rings having 10 mm thickness and 75
mm width. The OD of column is 1m and the tray spacing is 0.5 m. Check if the support
rings will act as effective stiffening rings. The material of construction is carbon steel
and the maximum operating temperature 50°C. If shell thickness is 10 mm, check if this
is sufficient. Modulus of elasticity of carbon steel at 50°C is 200 * 10 3 N/mm2
Tutorial No – 7
(Pressure Vessel design)
1. Derive the expression for finding out the thickness of cylindrical and spherical shell
under internal pressure.
2. Advantages of using stiffening ring in pressure vessel for external pressure conditions.
3. Explain analytical and graphical method for calculating thickness of pressure vessel
under external pressure conditions.
4. A process vessel is to be designed for the maximum operating pressure of 500 kN/m2.
The vessel has the nominal diameter of 1.2 m and tangent to tangent length of 2.4 m.
The vessel is made of IS: 2002-1962 Grade 2B quality steel having allowable design
stress value of 118 MN/m2 at working temperature. The corrosion allowance is
suggested to be 2 mm for the life span expected for the vessel. The vessel is to be
fabricated according to Class 2 of Indian Standard specifications which stipulate the
weld joint efficiency of 0.85.
i. What is the standard plate thickness to fabricate this vessel?
ii. If a spherical vessel having the same diameter and thickness is fabricated with the
same quality steel, what maximum internal pressure the sphere will withstand safely?
Tutorial No – 8
(Storage Tank design)
1. Explain the stepwise procedure for the design of conical roof with structural support for
storage tank.
2. Discuss the design steps for column supported conical roof.
Tutorial No – 9
(Design of heads and closures)
1. Draw the neat and clean sketches of following showing important dimensions involved
in it: a) flat head b) torispherical head c) elliptical head d) conical head e)
hemispherical head
2. Discuss the design procedure of following head giving relevant equations:
a) flat head b) torispherical head c) elliptical head d) conical head e) hemispherical
head.
Tutorial No – 10
(Design of Supports)
1. Write a short note on classification of supports used in chemical industry.
2. Discuss about the design Saddle support.
3. Explain the process for designing of bracket support.
4. Design a skirt support for distillation column used on following data:
a) Dia. of column = dia. of skirt = 2500mm
b) Type of skirt support = Straight cylindrical
c) Height of distillation column = 40m
d) Height of skirt support = 5m
e) Type of skirt support = straight cylindrical
f) Max. weight of vessel = 250000kg
g) Max. weight of vessel, its attachments and its content = 300000 kg
h) Wind pressure at the top of the column = 128.5kgf/m2
i) Shell thickness of column = 20mm
j) C.A. for shell = 2mm
k) C.A. for support = 1mm
l) Allowable tensile stress of skirt material = 1400kgf / cm2
m) Allowable bending stress of material = 1575 kgf / cm2
n) Allowable tensile stress of bolt material = 1020.7 kgf / cm2
o) Wind pressure allowable compressive stress of skirt material = 666kgf / cm2
p) Weld joint efficiency factor, J = 0.8
q) Material used for skirt support = IS 800, Structural steel
r) Bolt material = SA 193 Gr B
5. It is desired to design a bracket support for a vertical cylindrical reaction vessel
installed indoor. Following data are available.
Vessel Diameter = 1.5 m , Vessel height = 2 m
Clearance from vessel bottom to foundation = 1 m
Wt. of vessel with content = 4000 kg
No. of bracket = 6
Ht. of bracket from the foundation = 2 m
Diameter Of the Anchor bolt circle = 1.65 m
Base plate dimensions for bracket= 14 cm x 15 cm
Distance between vessel wall and bracket end = 150 mm
Gusset plate are 140 mm apart from each other
Web plate dimension for bracket height: cosθ = 0.707
Channel size = 150 x 75 (Area = 21 cm2)
Modulus of section = 19cm3
Radius of gyration = 2.2 cm
Weight = 170 N/m
Eccentricity = 7.5 cm
Base plate size : Extends 20 mm on either side of the channel
Permissible Stresses :
Tensile stress = 140 N/mm2
Compressive stress = 124 N/mm2
Bending stress = 158 N/mm2
Permissible bearing pressure of concrete = 5 N/mm2
Assuming wind pressure = 1285N/m2
Calculate thickness of bracket and thickness of web plate and thickness of column
base plate.
Tutorial No – 12
(Design of Flange, Nozzle and Gasket)
1. Explain the various types of flanges used in industry.
2. Describe the concept of flange facing with neat sketch in detail.
3. Define Gasket seating stress and gasket factor. State the different types of gaskets
and explain any three of them.
4. Discuss the steps for the design of reinforcement pad for a nozzle.
5. What is nozzle? Explain different types of nozzles in brief.
6. Examine the data given below to evaluate the requirement of compensation for the
nozzle opening in a cylindrical shell. If compensation ring (Reinforcement pad) is
required then find its dimensions and weight.
Outside diameter of shell = 2 m
Max. Working pressure within shell = 3.5 MN/m2
Wall thickness for the shell = 0.05 m
Corrosion allowance = 3 mm
Joint efficiency = 1 (for shell and nozzle)
MOC of shell, nozzle and reinforcement pad = IS 2002
Density of IS 2002 = 7800 kg/m3
Allowable stress of IS 2002 = 96 MN/m2
O. D of nozzle (seamless) = 0.25 m
Nozzle wall thickness = 0.016 m
Length of nozzle = 100 mm
Tutorial No – 13
(Design of Shell & Tube Heat exchanger)
1. Discuss about the design of tube, tube sheet of shell and tube heat exchanger.
2. The shell & tube heat exchanger has the following data:
Shell inside diameter: 596.9 mm
Tube o.d. = 19.05 mm
Thickness of tube = 1.65 mm
Internal operating pressure of shell side = 3.0 kgf/cm2
Internal operating pressure of tube side = 6.0 kgf/cm2
Allowable stress for shell and tube material = 1054 kgf/cm2
Material of shell: SA 312 TP 304 (seamless pipe)
Material of tube: SS 304
Density of SS 304 = 8000 kg/m3
Mean diameter of gasket = 673 mm
No. of pass on tube side = 2
Depth of pass partition plate = 5 mm
Calculate: thickness of shell, thickness of tube, thickness of head, blank diameter and
weight of head, thickness of tube sheet. Use only internal design pressure. Neglect the
thickness calculation by external design pressure.