Suggested Turbine Questions

Posted by dkneyle - 2010/01/20 17:49

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Michael Buhagiar has provided a list of approx. 90 questions he has used in the past to test the knowledge of turbine
operators. I would appreciate feedback regarding which to include and which are not appropriate. Please see the
attached file. [Link]
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Re:Suggested Turbine Questions

Posted by Melinda - 2010/01/20 21:02
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As the attachment from David's last post re: Michael Buhagiar's questions does not seem to want to open I have listed
the questions in this post:
[Link] determines the amount of heat that is converted into kinetic energy within a turbine:
[Link] the three ways turbines are classified:
[Link] is the axial flow type turbine preferred for electricity generation:
[Link] three advantages of reverse flow turbine cylinders:
[Link] the steam flow path through the tandem three
cylinder turbine shown below:

[Link] the operating principle of an impulse turbine blade:

[Link] blades are usually installed in which section of a steam turbine:

[Link] two characteristic features of an impulse turbine:

[Link] why nozzle plates are manufactured in two halves:
[Link] three major components of a turbine diaphragm:
[Link] three factors affecting turbine efficiency that operators have control over:
[Link] six factors that influence condenser back pressure:
[Link] why most modern turbine casings are constructed in two halves:
[Link] the advantage of constructing a turbine cylinder with a double casing:
[Link] two methods used in joining the top and bottom cylinder casings together:
[Link] the procedure employed to ensure correct tensioning of turbine casing flange bolts or studs:
[Link] why turbine casing flanges slower to heat than the casing itself:
[Link] how the thermal stress of a turbine casing and casing flanges kept within limits during turbine run-up:
[Link] the function of the turbine supervisory equipment.
[Link] nine (9) parameters that are maintained under surveillance by the turbine supervisory system.
[Link] three occasions when is it critical to monitor turbine speed:
[Link] the term “critical speeds” as applied to the steam turbine and describe the conditions of the turbine that make
these speeds critical. Explain the operating procedures to be followed when approaching a turbine critical speed.
[Link], with the use of simple diagrams if required, the principle of operation of a mechanical over-speed tripping
device.
[Link] the principle of operation of an electrical over- speed tripping circuit consisting of two detection channels
[Link] the phenomenon known as “Poisson’s Effect and explain how this phenomenon affects the differential
expansion of a turbine during start-up and shutdown.
[Link] the meaning of the term “differential expansion” as it related to a steam turbine.
[Link] the conditions that can contribute to the occurrence of differential expansion within a steam turbine
[Link] the action that should be taken as differential expansion approaches the expanded or contracted limit.
[Link] the meaning of the term “eccentricity” as it is applied to a turbine rotor
[Link] how excessive eccentricity can be caused and how this will effect the operation of the steam turbine
[Link] the procedure that can be undertaken to ensure that the turbine shaft eccentricity is within limits prior to running
up the turbine to synchronous speed.
[Link] the normal location of eccentricity detectors on a steam turbine and describe how the eccentricity
measurement is derived.
[Link] the meaning of the term “HP Pedestal Displacement”
[Link] the manner in which pedestal displacement (or lack of displacement) can affect the operation of a steam
turbine
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[Link] the normal location of pedestal displacement detectors on a steam turbine.
[Link] what is meant by the term “casing top to bottom differential” when applied to a steam turbine
[Link] how excessive top to bottom differentials can occur and the consequence of allowing these differential to
reach or exceed the normal operating limits
[Link] the operating techniques which may be used to minimise HP/IP Turbine Top to bottom casing differentials
[Link] why it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of turbine shaft and bearing vibration.
[Link] three (3) operating conditions that, if changed, may cause a corresponding change in the level of bearing
vibration.]
[Link] seven (7) areas that may be checked to identify the possible cause of an increase in bearing vibration.
[Link] typical normal, high and trip values for turbine bearing vibration
[Link] the need to constant monitor the turbine thrust bearing position and the consequence of the thrust bearing
position moving outside of its limits.
[Link] how the an increase in back pressure will effect turbine performance
[Link] the correlation between LP Turbine Exhaust pressure and temperature
[Link] why it is considered necessary to constantly monitor LP Exhaust Temperature
[Link] the function and mode of operation of the LP Exhaust Hood Spray System.
[Link] the function of bearings with relation to rotating shaft machinery
[Link] the function of a journal bearing.
[Link] the components of a plain and tilting pad type journal bearing.
[Link] the function of a thrust bearing
[Link] the principle of operation of a Mitchell or Kingsbury Thrust bearing.
[Link] five different types of rolling element type bearing and describe the type of application most suitable for each.
[Link] the function of a lubricant.
[Link] the manner in which Hydrostatic lubrication is established and give an example of the application of
Hydrostatic lubrication to machinery within a power station.
[Link] the manner in which following properties enhance the suitability of an oil to be used as a machinery lubricant:
•Suitable viscosity
•Oxidation stability
•Demulsibility
•Corrosion inhibition
[Link] the manner in which each of the following conditions can lead to deterioration of a lubricant:
•High Temperature
•Entrained Water and Emulsification
•Oxidisation
•Ingress of Contaminants
[Link] a simple sketch of a typical steam turbine lubricating oil system showing all components.
[Link] the function of each of the components within the sketch.
[Link] the conditions which have to be met before the steam turbine lubricating oil system can be removed from service
[Link] the “oil ring” method of lubrication.
[Link] the “oil bath” method of lubrication
[Link] the function of an inverted cup oil reservoir.
[Link] the composition of lubricant grease.
[Link] three different metallic acid based greases and describe the typical application for each of these greases.
[Link] three types of Main Cooling Water Systems
[Link] the main method of Heat Transfer that occurs in a Cooling Tower.
[Link] three Types of Cooling Tower based on the method of air flow through the tower.
[Link] why it is necessary to have a makeup water supply in a Cooling Tower in a Closed System.
[Link] three (3) causes of water quality contamination found within a Closed Cooling Water System.
[Link] the purpose of using wetdeck or fill within a cooling tower.
[Link] two types of fill used in cooling towers
[Link] five (5) Heat exchangers commonly served by the Auxiliary Cooling Water System
[Link] placing a Turbine Lubricating Oil Cooler in Service which system would normally be pressurised first. The
Lubricating Oil or the Auxiliary Cooling Water.
[Link] the consequence of the following happening:
[Link] steam turbine is not placed on barring gear immediately following a unit trip
[Link] or cold vapour is allowed to enter the steam turbine through open casing drains soon after the unit is taken out
of service
[Link] superheater desuperheater spraywater valve fails open resulting in a sudden reduction in superheated steam
temperature to the HP turbine
[Link] the function of the LP Rupture Diaphragms
[Link] the function of the LP Exhaust Hood sprays
[Link] the major function of a turbine speed governor
[Link] what is meant by the term “governor droop characteristic”
[Link] the 3 functions of a speeder gear when used in conjunction with a turbine governor
[Link] the function and operation of the bled steam forced closed non return valves
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[Link] the function of the Turbine Gland Steam System
[Link] the consequence of the loss of gland sealing steam on the Turbine while the condenser is still under a
vacuum condition.
[Link] the main functions of the Condenser Air Extraction System
[Link] a simple sketch of the “Rankin Cycle” of the plant where you work showing all major components and major
controlling devices
[Link] the consequences associated with the following abnormal turbine operating conditions arising during turbine
operation:
vLoss of a Main Cooling Water Pump
vLoss of a Condensate Pump
vLoss of Main Oil Pump
v Turbine Oil Fire
vLoss or partial loss of Condenser Vacuum
vLoss of Unit Electrical Supplies
[Link] three main factors on which turbine cycle efficiency depends.
[Link] five main losses which affect turbine cycle performance.
[Link] the manner in which stress is induced by heating a body of material
[Link] the terms associated with the mechanical properties of matter
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