CHAPTER 2

THE STAGES OF PINOY DEVELOPMENT IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

The Filipino is one of the most complex human being in this planet. It is not easy to
analyze how the Filipino develop his values and attitude towards his social sphere and those of
his organization. Today we are faced with globalization and the adjustment needed by the
Filipino in the global arena and this must be analyzed in terms of his beginning and
development.
The following factors are determinants in the development of the Filipino attitudes and
values:
Value Diversity
The Filipino is the making of four cultural influences that made him a complex individual.
These general influences have been rooted in our value system that affect our relationship in
the organization and the social system. Organization is the making of people and with it are
values that they practice at home and those of their social environment.
PINOY contact with law during the Spanish time was not pleasant. Generally, the law
was supposedly crafted for the welfare of all the governed. This was the reverse during the
Spanish time where the law was for the benefit of those in power. The Spaniards made degrees
and rules that favored only the colonizers.
PINOY farmers who owned the lands had to pay the colonizers who became their
masters. Their families had to serve the masters. The Spaniards abused the rights of the poor.
The Filipinos could not do otherwise as power was in the hands of the few.
For more than 300 years, the Filipino was made to see, feel and hear that the law was
for the good of the Spaniards. The law was not good for the lNDIOS. It was only for the
ILUSTRADOS that controlled the resources of the nation. The values of submissiveness and the
development of culture, independent thinking and personal creativity were never given a
chance to flourish.
A generation of educated Filipinos like Jose Rizal, the awakened poor Andres Bonifacio,
and those of the other heroes, did their m0” heroic act to develop a new Filipino.
The reborn of a new brand of Filipino failed to progress as a new breed of colonizers
came into the Philippine shores. The hope for change did not get its roots deep enough to
change the values of uneducated Filipino. They became more complicated individuals the shift
was not much different from the previous administration.
American Imperialist
 Our experience in the administration of the government was not entirely different from
that of the Spaniards. The American motives of democracy and liberalization were more of
economic exploitation They came as administrators in exploiting the rich natural resources of
the country not for the general good of the Filipinos but of the economic grandeur of the
American people.
Education of the Filipino was introduced to appreciate the American values of freedom
and democracy. The freedom to eat American apples, grapes, chocolates, corned beef and a lot
more of American products. It was not for us to learn new values of nationalism and
independence.
The economic boom in the industrialized Western economy needed new market for
their surplus production. On the other hand, our rich natural resources were used for the
furtherance in the development of their superior economy. Our songs were appreciation of
American values and culture as we were taught that planting rice was never fun.
While education was their contribution to the awakening of a new system in governance
different from that of the Spaniards, their system of governance was still administrative in
character. Officials of government were appointed from the administrative machinery of the
American’s dominated pseudo democracy. The Filipino transition of values of rights and
responsibility was not developed and understood by the common tao.
The more educated elite in the name of Manuel Quezon, Manuel Roxas, and other
nationalist wanted the granting of independence from American dominations.
The Japanese Regime
The aspirations for interdependence was short lived as another economic opportunist
came in the Philippine shores. There came a more stringent system of obedience and power
domination. They were the Japanese. We have to follow and obey. Some Filipino opportunists
became “makapili” – a new value of protectionism and self-centeredness. While the Japanese
have values of discipline and adherence to honor, Japanese regime did not last long. Again, the
Filipino was left with mixed values and cultural differences.
The coming of the Japanese was for the development of the economic Asian region,
different from that of the American economic domination. It was still greed for power, as
money was the prize. The materialistic world came into existence. This value for money and
power was a new value complex that was developed in us. We began not to be satisfied with
the little things we have but to amass more wealth which was the evil in the determinants of
more social values of sharing.
The Period of Liberation and Independence
The Filipinos were liberated from the domination of the Japanese. It was a war that
brought havoc of vast destruction not only in the life of gallant Filipinos and dignity as a people
but also in our infrastructure. It was the time when the Americans sense of responsibility to
rebuild this nation got lost as they gradually gave us independence without first putting in place
a more sensible system of governance.
In the passing of the decades, the Filipino experienced the inability of the government
to protect the interest of the governed. The government even in the present generation is
conceived by the poor as protector of the elite, the moneyed and the influential. While the
government was supposed to be conceived as that of giving and sharing the wealth of the
nation, it was conceived as more of getting rather than giving.
A very glaring example was our concept of a police officer who was supposed to protect
the ordinary Filipino, yet he was more conceived as to be there to collect tongs or protection
money. In transaction with any government office, grease money or gifts make businesses £low
like water in Pagsanjan falls.
The advent of these different experiences influenced our present value system and
culture as a Filipino. We cannot find our own identity. Our system of education is the influence
of many researches from different dimension. The continuous flow of new ideas, morals and
the development of new intellectuals made as more complex values and cultural orientation.
These different influences made us face the difficulty in finding our identity and
aspiration in the pursuits of life long process of assimilation, in the social and formal
organization. We cannot decide what we really want in life, what is really the direction we want
to get in the progress of our economic and social well-being.
The Reward for Human Effort is not Enough to Satisfy Human Needs
Our economic condition at present is in the subsistence level Employees in government
and the private sectors seek for more salaries, wages and benefit. They need to augment their
economic and living condition to sustain the basic and social needs. The rising cost of living
associated with increase in gasoline prices and the dictate 0f global economy bring havoc in the
eroding value of the peso.
The common workers feel that the reward they get for working more than eight hours a
day is not enough to support his family. They Seek opportunities abroad working away from
their families. This situation again brings new values for more money that at times contributed
to eroding the moral values of children or siblings left behind.
Their contribution to the dollar reserved of the country is another factor that sustains
the level of economic growth of the nation. They feel that their heroic act in economic
contribution is not given due protection by the government. Those left behind in government
managing their contributions amass wealth at the expense of the laboring class in foreign
countries with varied culture.
 In the local setting, rallies and demonstrations could be seen in the streets asking for
more and more economic benefits for the common workers. Drivers and operators are seeking
for fare increase, as gasoline prices continue to rise almost weekly. Government and the private
sectors are tied up to solve the problem yet for the obvious reasons they only know that they
could not do anything, hence; the common workers again perceive that the government is for
“asking and not for giving.”
Motivation in productivity at work must equal the reward system and should be
perceived by the workers as fair and just. It must sustain his basic and a little of his social needs
for him to be happy at work and his relation with his family. How can a working father feel
happy when his wife nags at him when the amount in his pay envelope could not even buy the
basic food and education of the children?
Another scenario is the employer in his new luxury car who refuses to bag in a bit, even
threatening to close shop or to lay off employees who are his most valuable assets in the
production line. This perception of more wealth for the capitalists and the sacrifices of the
lowly workers in the equal distribution of wealth is another factor in the erosion of moral
values.
Moral values and commitment to increase productivity is the link to better performance
in the job. Effectiveness and performance are the greater elements in the economic
development of the country in general. All these hinge in well-motivated employee at work.
Love for work with equal reward is the ingredient to the development of moral values at work.
The Erosion in Work Values and Ethics
Most Filipino workers in the local setting are not happy at work. Many are seeking
better opportunities abroad and take pride being an OFW. Being away from their loved ones is
a sacrifice, not to mention the climatic and cultural orientation of those countries every OFW
has to live with.
Those who enjoyed the benefits of earning the green bucks continue working abroad to
support the education of their children and the little enjoyment in social benefits. Their
motivation at work is the financial reward, as they have to comply with work ethics in the
foreign country. This, they have to comply or else they could not be given another contract.
Job opportunities in the local setting continue to go down the drain. Hiring for regular
positions in industry is difficult to find as most companies resort to contractual employment.
Performance is limited to the five-month duration of employment. Pride of work becomes
obsolete. Workers mostly view quality output as not synonymous with personal pride and
success.
The Culture of “Bahala na”
 This word came from our concept that BATHALA or God will provide everything we
need. It is a religious belief that was handed to us for so many decades. It started even before
the coming of the Spaniards when we kept our destiny in the hands of the gods. Again the
Spaniards came into our shores with religion in their hands. They continuously professed that
everything could be put in the hands of the Lord as He would provide everything we needed to
live. The attitude that was handed down to us is “I do not care” as everything will be according
to HIS WILL.
In all our decisions, we give the LORD the power to decide What Will be our destiny. We
do not try hard to find what we can really do for ourselves. While, we will all agree that God is
the Supreme Being, Yet the very God that we believe in, give us the power to think, to act, and
the power to course the destiny of our life according to His will as long as it will not run counter
to his teachings. The wisdom He bestowed in us is the propelling power that determines our
future.
BAHALA Na could be a two-note power block. On the negative note, it connotes
submission to the will of the Supreme Lord. This could be the strands that block the progress of
his career at work as he leaves things alone. These negative attitudes and values made him
unprepared to accept positions of higher category as he does not prepare himself to accept
responsibility.
On the positive note, BAHALA NA attitude could be the strongest Weapon of those with
courage to try new things as he puts himself prepared for any position that comes his way. He
trusts that the Lord Almighty will always be there for him as he uses the wisdom He has given
him. He looks for opportunities, tries new things and puts everything with the greatest faith in
God. He tries new ventures and discovers new things that will improve his life and those of his
loved ones. BAHALA NA, God is with me.
Pakikisama at the Work Place and Social Setting
Pakikisama is another value and culture that we Filipinos bring into the work arena.
While, again there is nothing wrong with pakikisama as it connotes cooperation and conformity
with established traditions, it is often abused in the promotions and the employment of
workers.
In most cases, we find difficulty in finding employment if we are not connected with the
powers that be. We need MAKISAMA with them as group alliance. It is not what you know but
whom you are connected with, as the dictum of the society we live in. We need to conform to
those in power or else you know what you are going to get.
In terms of promotion at work, you need to put in grease money or padulas or gifts so
that you will get what is supposed to be due to you. In this type of society and organizational
set up, those with the necessary skills and qualifications tend to find new opportunities
elsewhere outside the country as they cannot stomach the system. This in effect hampers the
development of our economy as it contributes to our brain drain. Good workers who leave for
foreign countries prove that their worth is rewarded. This develops in them new behavior at
work.
Palakasan System
Palakasan is a practice in the business and industry that at times hampers the progress
of organization. A business organization, to move forward, must conform to the whims and
caprices of those in power. Mostly they are in government offices or those with connections in
the government.
The appointment in the government positions is usually based on political connections
rather than the skills and qualification of the applicant. At times they are employed under
Republic Act 1530, a system that the employee reports on the 15th and 30th of the month to
collect salaries and wages without doing any service for the good of the government
organization.
Political Support is the easy way to be connected. Support a political candidate and the
re-payment is the LAKAS or connections to amass contracts or concession for more projects or
even ghost projects.
PALAKASAN is an illegal instrument of the corrupt in their greed for money. Our
materialistic world does not anymore conform to the values of honesty and integrity at work.
Our officials are remiss in providing models for our sense of dignity and self-esteem. Our hope
is the making of a new generation of officials with greater commitment to honesty and service
to our people.
Palusot System
Another value within the system is “palusot” which is a very rampant practice in
government offices or even in some private companies. Goods and other imported materials
pass through the Bureau of Customs through the system of PALUSOT in order not to pay taxes
which go to the social and educational benefits of the Filipino. It is counter-productive even to
PINOY farmers as imported rice; vegetables and even meat products make LUSOT in the hands
of corrupt officials.
Traffic enforcement officers in the streets are not exempted from this practice as drivers
and commuters who violate traffic rules scoot f, with the little grease money. Law and order
could not be implemented contributing more chaos and accidents in the streets. It is the greed
for power and money that LUSOT becomes a practice to some of our law enforcement
agencies.
The “MAMAYA NA” Syndrome
One culture and value that is crafted and emboldened in our system and our relations
with the organization is the MAMAYA NA habit. We often hear workers trying to postpone what
they can do today for tomorrow. Mamaya na lung 0 kaya ay bukas na lang. We are people Who
could not be rushed for things to happen. We always try to find reasons to evade work.
This negative attitude in our value system contributes to our low productivity and
economic growth. Again, this could be attributed to the Spanish influence of “siyesta” or rest
after half-day work or sleeping in between or after lunch time. It is the practice of indolent
Filipinos.
To be productive and fast enough in sustaining the need for economic prosperity, we
need to move fast. The economic boom in the Asian region has left the Philippines in the last
end where we used to be in the forefront in the last four decades. While our value system could
not be the sole culprit, it contributes immensely in eroding our commitment and value for
work.
We should develop a new value system similar to the Japanese industriousness, the
frugality of the Chinese, the discipline of the Singaporeans, and revive our values of nationalism
and bayanihan. Values and character are strong determinants of great nations. Our fragmented
values and concept of individual centeredness could not go further in the road to economic and
social progress.
The Development of Extended Family Centeredness
Due to the unpleasant experience of our countrymen in the implementation of the laws,
that are supposed to be for the benefit of all the governed, Filipinos develop a system of
extended family. This extended Family system is where they could go for help and assistance in
time of need.
The extended family is composed of relatives by birth like brother and sisters, cousins,
and those acquired and assimilated due to marriage, and other religious and social linkages.
The extended family is bounded by common interest and aspiration. The system developed a
common shield for protection, as he perceived that the government could do nothing to
protect his personal and social interest.
It becomes a social network of mutual assistance and the sphere of social activities
where the family members enjoy their social life after work or on weekends. Religious
associations also come into the sphere of the extended family as these groups provide not only
financial assistance in time of need but also a catalyst in the solutions of social problems. They
develop cooperative efforts to extend help not only for their members but also for other
members of the community.
It is governed by social laws of hiya, a Filipino value of shame for things done not in
conformity with the norms and values of the group. The members of the family have to follow
the informal set of rules of utang na loob, a reciprocal system of give and take.
 Society in the Philippine setting is known only as the sphere of his social membership,
not the bigger social system of the country. There are two communities, the government of the
nation and the extended family. He may be bound to violate the laws of the land, as long as he
could not be caught, but careful not to go against the rules of hiya and the conduct of the
extended family.
These two moral standards or norms of conduct result in a divergent acceptance of
what is right and wrong and high ambiguity in behaviour. The action of the Filipino workers in
organization and society is more ambiguous. He lacks decisiveness and directions in his
decisions and actions.
Development of Unionism
It may be noted that unions or employees associations are not bad at all. It is conceived
as another factor that contributes to our low progress in the industrial organization.
Unionism is a two-note factor. When union is organized as a catalyst to the
development of better values at work and serves as a cooperative organization to pursue the
mission and vision of the organization, it becomes a positive aspect. It is organized as a conduit
to develop better working relationship among members of the union while protecting the legal
rights of the members in the work place.
It serves as a social mechanism to ease the boredom of work. The union could make the
work place as a happy environment for its members. It could be a vehicle for sharing work
ethics and values and contribute to the culture of sharing and giving. Union objectives should
be attuned to the goals and objectives of the organization.
On the other hand, there is the negative connotation about union organizations. It is
organized to solely protect the interest of member who are not given equal protection by the
government of their legal rights. They organize themselves like any ex tended family to
collectively air their rights and complaints.
It may be also due to the inability of the Department of Labor and Employment to
supervise effective compliance of industrial organization in the implementation of labor laws
and regulation. This scenario again creates the notion that the government is a protectionist of
the moneyed and the influential.
On the other hand, capitalist and stockholders are stingy in sharing their gain from the
operation. They amass wealth and power and expand their operations leaving behind the
progress of those People who made them rich. This unequal distribution of the gains of labor
and capital investments makes the union at loggerheads with organizational management.
The induction of members of the leftist believes that the laboring class must get more
for the profits of the organization, as they are the greater contributory factor in making the
gains of industries. This is another factor that fuels the greater aspiration for more profit
sharing.
As a result of this misunderstanding between labor and management, most companies
close their shops and go to either China or Vietnam. These countries have sets of social and
communist ideology from which the unions have patterned its beliefs. In these countries,
unionism is taboo or inexistent. They are more productive and efficient that their economy has
progressed greatly, leaving behind the Philippines who has the greater supply of skilled and
educated labor plus the factor of managerial expertise.
Another sad note is that we export our manpower in these countries to train their
workers to do the job which the Filipinos are experts in. We teach them the management skills
and the correct process in production.
Another example is that we train Vietnamese, Thailand farmers, and the Chinese in rice
production at the International Rice Research Institute in Los Banos Laguna, yet these countries
are now the source of our rice supply in the country. We have the facilities and the skills, yet we
remain behind of these countries. An awakening call is needed to march forward for a better
organization.
We have millions of educated population who could help propel economic
development. The problem is the development of values and behavior that should be used for
better organization. Development of positive character, culture and values at work and social
organization is the great call of the time for those in the education and the industrial sector.
It is quite difficult for us to understand this relationship but prudent management of
organization will tell us that labour and management are partners in making profitable and
happy organization. One cannot exist without the other.
Educational Diversity
The education of the Filipino is the making of educational patterns that did not consider
Filipino’s own heritage and value setting. Most of these were patterned after American
educational system. They are the prime movers in awakening our rights as human beings. The
problem is that freedom is perceived as doing things as one wants to without regards for the
rights of others.
There is nothing wrong in knowing our rights. As a matter of fact, it is the foundation of
a better citizen of this country. On the other hand, it carries with it the big burden of
responsibility for others and our country. Our right carries with it an equal amount of
responsibility.
As pointed out above, our educational system did not see the heritage and value system
of the past. This should be the foundation of our curriculum in the making of better Filipinos.
We take courses geared towards white collar jobs rather than those that are needed for the
development of our agricultural economy and the growing demand in the industrial sector.
There is no relationship between the courses offered in schools and those that are
required for employment. A glaring example is that, there are graduates of the nursing courses
that could not be accommodated in hospitals due to oversupply, thereby they land menial jobs
as outsourcing agents.
The demand for nurses as overseas workers declined and we found that such course is
not anymore profitable for the aspiring Filipino wanting to earn the green bucks. We spent a lot
of money in training them, yet their opportunity for better employment and service 10, the
courses they got into went to waste. Again this to the freedom of choice.
An analysis for the needs and requirement for education shun be studied carefully so
that the educated Filipino gets what is good for his economic well-being. Labour requirements
and educational output must match so that the money spent in education could be put to
better use.
The Pathways to the Development of Better Pinoy
The Filipino as pointed out earlier is a complex social being is not bad at all. We are a
persevering breed of people as we take thing stride without much rancour or complain as our
faith in God is strong and solid as a rock. We know how to bear hard times and enjoy the
bountiful harvest of our efforts. We are sociable, hospitable and caring people.
Know Our Self as a Pinoy
Today is the time for us to redirect and discover our own identity and aspiration as a
people working in an organized system We have our own identity, different from the Western
influence as we are the product of many cultures. We are Asian with complex behavior. We are
distinct due to our past experiences with Spaniards, the American, the Chinese, Japanese and
even the culture of our forefathers.
We are endowed with the Spirit of BAYANIHAN, a culture of mutual assistance without
qualms for monetary reward. This spirit could help fuel our aspiration for economic progress if
cultivated in the work place and even in social setting. We have open hands to give to victims of
calamities and the poor. This value is still in us, as it is deeply rooted in our nature as a true
PINOY. We need to come up with a happy balance between our negative and positive values
and that this spirit should not be abused by the less fortunate. We need to re-cultivate, re-
direct and re-orient these value systems in schools, in government offices and in the work
place.
We need to organize more COOPERATIVES as a form of group efforts of mutual
assistance and as economic vehicle for the small and medium entrepreneurs. These
cooperatives will help propel the economic development in the countryside if given the boost
and support of the government.
The billions of pesos in poverty alleviation program could be used as seed money to
start small business cooperatives and develop BAYANIHAN spirit. Giving help in cash will only
make the PINOY ask for more. Let us not give PINOY fish, but let us help them catch fish
through the BAYANIHAN spirit in our quest for cooperative efforts.
Collectively, let us work hand in hand in helping others. We cannot look for support from other
countries to help us as a nation. We need to organize cooperatively towards the development
of a true PINOY with greater aspiration for progress and development. It is only in our shoulder
that we can move on forward as a nation. NASA BALIKAT NATIN ANG ATING TAGUMPAY.
Education as Vehicle
We are rich in manpower resources as we are one of those with higher educational attainment
in the third level of education. While this is true, we need to redirect that educational output
into productive endeavor that would help the country towards the destined progress aspired by
all PINOY. We need to study and conduct a thorough analysis of course offerings that would be
in demand in the next five years or in ten years. We need to design curriculum offerings geared
towards these manpower needs.
It is not only of paramount importance that we develop knowledge and skills. We need to
develop values and dedication to work hard enough to attain productivity in the work arena.
We need to develop work ethics and values of the Japanese, as they are worthy of emulations.
We need to indoctrinate work values in organization, develop organizational behavior
conducive to happy environment.
The New Management Perspective
The old Filipino concept of autocratic management is becoming less prevalent in the
work place unlike the beginning of the management system in the Philippine setting. This is due
to the educational advancement of Filipino Managers in terms of training and development
interventions in the industry.
Filipino Managers are now beginning to be aware that workers are not merely tools of
production. They are partners in the development of effective organization. The following
human aspect of people in organization must take the front seat for them to be motivated.
a. People at work crave for importance. They need attention and love.
b. Employees need respect for their rights.
c. They need recognition for their contribution and accomplish moms.
d. Workers need security at work and must get equal rewards for their labor.
 While we are all aware of the above human needs at work in industry and government,
managers in all sectors should give consideration and activate their human resources
machinery to keep the pace of motivated workforce in organization. The effectiveness of
managerial strategy could be measured in terms of employee productivity at work.
It may be noted that the industrial sector and even those in government are manned by
people who come from the provinces. These workforces are free from the bondage of the soil
as opportunity for economic and social progress seems too slow for them. Poverty has driven
them to seek opportunity in the cities and industrial centres. As a result of this internal
migration to the centre of population, some workers develop cultural shocks. These should be
given due attention for them to be socially assimilated in the organization.
Nationalism as a New Challenge of the Time
Nationalism is the challenge of the time. It has eroded immensely as a result of the
western influence of economic exploitation. Our state of loyalty and concern for the state has
been relegated to the background due to our materialistic syndrome and quest for more
money. Greed has forgotten the value of national interest and organizational productivity.
While industries and company progress with leaps and bounds, the national economy
remains in the sad state of economic stagnation. We are tied up in loans from international
financial organizations like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Our national
gross product has to shelve almost thirty-four percent of hard earned taxes that come from the
working class and the poor Filipinos.
Progress is a two-prong process. The economic progress of industry must be
transformed also in the economic development of the nation. This is axiomatic, that industries
are getting more profit in their operation, yet the very state that protect their interest remains
to be poor. The question at hand is, are they paying the correct taxes in their operation and
giving their laboring class the fruits of their contribution in making this company richer every
day.
Nationalism is the state of mind and concern for the welfare of the state and the people.
The pursuits of the Filipino aspiration for national identity and nationalistic ideology have been
relegated, due to the influence of colonial mentality. The call of the time is the development of
strong foundation and conviction that the Filipino development program is for the enjoyment
not only of the rich but also the lowly workers in the organization.
Our managers in industry and government must pursue a more human system of
concerns for the development of the countryside and the advancement of national interest.
The rich and the powerful must realize that they can only enjoy living in this beautiful planet if
they live in harmony with the peace loving Filipinos.
Nationalism is a social dimension for the welfare and the good of all people in our
country. We cannot depend on others for our love of country and people. It is only in the hands
of our leaders that this nation could move forward in the organizational ladder. We need
committed leaders in the government and industry to lead the example of honesty and
dedication for the advancement of national interest and development.

Chapter 2
ASSIGNMENT FOR DISCUSSIONS

1. Define the following terms and concepts:

a. BAHALA NA
b. PALAKASAN
c. UNIONISM
d. PALUSOT
e. FAMILY CENTERDNESS

2. Discuss the following:

a. Give the factors that determine the development of PINOY attitudes and values.
b. Give the positive and negative values of PINOY.
c. How does historical development influence the character and values of PINOY?
d. Give your suggestions on how you can make PINOY a better member of an
organization.
 Chapter 2
TEST QUESTIONS

Test 1 Select the best answer and write the letter that best describe the statement.
1. It is our concept and belief that GOD will take care of everything we need and we need not
work harder to attain what we want.
a. BAHALA NA
b. PAKIKISAMA
c. PALUSOT
d. MAMAYA NA
2. It is the practice among those people in government and industry where strong connection is
the name of the game to get juicy contracts and projects.
a. CORRUPTIONS
b. PALAKASAN
c. PALUSOT
d. PAKIKISAMA
3. We developed the habit of leaving things undone for tomorrow, for what we can do today as
we have more time anyway.
a. PALUSOT
b. BAHALA NA
c. MAMAYA NA
d. PAKIKISAMA
4. it is our practice of accommodating people for employment in the organization even if they
are not qualified.
a. PALAKASAN
b. PAKIKISAMA
c. PALUSOT
d. All of the above
5. It is the employment of family relatives and friends in the organization regardless of their
qualifications and capacity to do the work.
a. Family centeredness
b. Family ties
c. Regionalism
d. All of the above
6. it is the practice of making false statements that tend to dissuade people to get favours and
drop names of known personalities.
a. Family ties
b. Palakasan
c. Palusot
d. Pakikisama
7. It is our practice of being with group of origin or the tribal beginnings disregarding other
people in the organization or speaking the same dialect to be identified.
a. Social Relation
b. Regionalism
c. Family relations
d. Kapamilya at kapuso
8. We have been colonized by this nationality for more than 300 years that make us assimilate
their values and culture of sleeping after lunch or we call it siesta.
a. The Japanese
b. The Spaniards
c. Americans
d. Chinese
9. They brought us a system of education that is patterned after their values and culture.
a. The Spaniards
b. Chinese
c. Americans
d. Japanese
10. It is the exploitation of our natural resources and the wealth of the country.
a. Nationalism
b. Imperialism
c. Communism
d. All of the above

Test 2 True or False

1. PINOY is the making of many culture and orientation that makes him a complex
individual.
 2. PINOY would effectively respond to autocratic leadership as we are lazy and lack
ambition.
3. The education of PINOY is the making of many education patterns that did not consider
our own heritage and values.
4. Society in PINOY setting is known only as the sphere of his social relationship and not
the bigger social system.
5. PINOY is highly educated that could help propel economic development yet
opportunities are very limited.
6. Nationalism is the call of the time as the progress of the nation depends greatly on the
values of our people.
7. Our industries and organization are progressing economically and so do our national
economy as PINOY are paying the right taxes.
8. PINOY is nationally loyal to his country and would patronize local products to help the
economy.
9. Our managers and government leaders must work hand to make his country
progressive.
10. Nationalism is a social dimension for the welfare and the good of the people.

Test 3 Discussion
1. Make your personal philosophy on how you can be a better member of your organization.