J DATOR INSTITUTE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - S.Y. 2021-2022

ENGLISH101

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

 Understand what is noun.
 Identify the different classes of nouns.
 Finding nouns by their features.
 Properties of nouns
 Rules for capitalizing nouns

NOUNS - is a word that names a person, a place, a thing or an idea.

Liza teachers English. name of a person
I will spend my vacation in Cebu or in Davao. name of a place
The pen is mightier than a sword. name of things
Love is long suffering and kind. name of idea

 CLASSES OF NOUNS

1. All nouns are either common or proper. A proper noun names a specific person, place, thing, or idea.
Always capitalize a proper noun. If it consists of more than one word, capitalize only the important
words. A common noun names a general class of person, place, thing, or idea.

PROPER NOUNS COMMON NOUNS

2.
Tom Cruise actor [person]
Manila city [place]
the Philippines country [place]
to kill a mockingbird novel [thing]
Lassie dog [thing]

All nouns are either concrete or abstract. A concrete noun names something you can see or touch,such
as lions or dragonflies. An abstract noun names an idea, a feeling or a quality, such as beauty or skill.
concrete abstract

Jose Rizal, our national hero, died out of love for our country.

All nouns may be classified as either common or proper, concrete or abstract. Harper Lee, for
instance,
is a proper noun and a concrete noun. Family is a common noun and an abstract noun.

3. A collective noun stands for a whole group of people, animals, or things that act as a unit. Common
collective nouns include committee, crew, class, orchestra, chorus, flock, fleet, family, jury, team,
herd and group.
Example:
 A pride of lions lived in the Animal Preserve.
 The jury decided to acquit the defendant.

4. A compound noun is made up of two or more words that are joined together to name one person,
place or thing.

Many proper nouns are compound, such as:

Himig Scientia, English Club and Regional Science High School

When common nouns are compound, they may be closed (spelled as one word), open (spelled as two
separate words), or hyphenated.

Closed: lighthouse, bridegroom, software

Open: ice cream, high school, commander in chief
Hyphenated: father-in-law, secretary-general, forget-me-not

 FINDING NOUNS BY THEIR FEATURES

There are four characteristics that distinguish nouns from other parts of speech Most nouns have at least
one of these features.

Nouns often follow determiners

Determiners are word such as my, his, her, this, that, these, one, some and many. The three most
common determiners -a, an, and the -are called articles. Determiners signal that a noun will follow,
although one or more words may separate the noun and the determiner.

NOUNS OFTEN FOLLOW DETERMINERS

N N
some kindness three little pigs
N N
the Musketeers many ancient plans
N N
an expensive ring those juicy, red apples

Nouns are singular or plural

Nouns show number. Most nouns have different forms to show singular (one) or plural (more than one)
number. Some nouns keep the same form for both singular and plural.

SINGULAR PLURAL

one cat two cats

one woman many women
one journey five journeys
one wife six wives
one sheep ninety nine sheep
Nouns may change form to show ownership or relationship.

Nouns change form to show possession by adding apostrophe (‘) and an-s or an apostrophe alone. The
possessive form usually shows that one noun possesses another.

Glenn’s guitar Jesus’ teachings

The possesive form may also indicate the relationship of one noun to another.

the jury’s verdict the siren’s wall

Nouns may be formed with a noun suffix, such as -ition, -ism, -ment, -ness, and -ance.

When one of the suffixes is added to another word, the resulting word is always a noun.

prepare + -ation = preparation

tour + -ism = tourism
Advance + -ment = advancement
happy + -ness = happiness
remit + -ance = remittance

Nouns have three properties: gender, number and case

GENDER
Gender tells us whether a male or female is indicated by a noun.
1. Feminine gender - indicates the female sex
2. Masculine gender - indicates the male sex
3. Common gender - indicates either or both sexes
4. Neuter gender - indicates absence of sex

NUMBER
Number indicates whether one or more than one is indicated by the noun,
Singular number means one; plural number means more than one.

 FORMING REGULAR PLURALS

Most nouns form their plural with -s or -es added to the singular form. These are called regular
plurals.

1. Add the suffix -s to form the regular plural of most nouns.

SINGULAR PLURAL
one message several messages
one boy five boys

2. Add the suffix -es to form the regular plural of nouns ending in s, sh, ch, x, or z.
 SINGULAR PLURAL
SINGULAR PLURAL
one mass two masses
one push several pushes
a church four churches
one fox many foxes
one waltz endless waltzes
3. Add the suffix -s to form the plural nouns ending in O preceded by a vowel. Nouns that end in O
and have to do with music also form their plurals by adding the suffix -s.

SINGULAR PLURAL
one radio three radios
one alto half a dozen altos
4. Add the suffix -es to form the plural of some nouns ending in O preceded by consonant.

SINGULAR PLURAL
one potato three potatoes

However, many nouns ending in O preceded by a consonant may be spelled either with an -s or -es, as
the dictionary entries below show.

mos qui to n., pl. -toes, -tos

ha lo n., pl. -los, -loes
Vol ca no n., pl. -noes, - nos
5. Add the suffix -s or -es to a proper name to form the plural.

 The Aquinos are from Tarlac.

 The young Marcoses are active in politics.
 FORMING IRREGULAR PRONOUNS

Nouns that are not made plural with -s or -es added to the singular form have irregular plurals.

1. For most nouns that end in y, change y to I before adding the suffix -es.

SINGULAR PLURAL
one butterfly several butterflies
a party many parties

2. For nouns that end in y preceded by a vowel, simply add the suffix -s to the singular form.
 physics mathematics series mumps measles economics

one Friday several Fridays

3. Some of theone
most common
monkey irregular plurals are formed by changing an internal vowel sound
two monkeys

SINGULAR PLURAL
tooth teeth
foot feet
woman women
man men
goose geese
mouse mice
4. Most nouns ending in f or fe simply add s to form the regular plural

SINGULAR PLURAL
roof roofs
belief beliefs
safe safes
puff puffs
5. For many nouns ending in fe or f, change f to v before adding the suffix -es.

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL

calf calves thief thieves

half halves leaf leaves
elf elves wife wives
knife knives self selves
shelf shelves sheaf sheaves
6. Some nouns have the same form for the singular and plural. Many of these nouns name fish or
animals.

bass carp cattle deer fish

grouse moose pike salmon trout
7. Nouns that name people who live in certain countries also use the same form for both singular and
plural.

8. SomeChinese Japanese
nouns are used Portuguese
only in the plural form. Swiss

9. Some nouns end in s but have a singular meaning.

clothes odds pants pliers scissors slacks

10. Some nouns form their plurals by a change of spelling.

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL

alumna alumnae datum data

alumnus alumni formula formulae
basis symbols and words used
11. Letters, numbers, bases
as words are madeparenthesis
plural by adding anparentheses
apostrophe and
cactus cacti phenomenon phenomena
an s.

 FORMING PLURALS OF COMPOUND NOUNS

A’s 8’s &’s but’s
1. When compound nouns are written as one word, the plural is formed by making the last word of the
compound noun plural.

SINGULAR PLURAL

one tablespoon fours tablespoon

one butterfly many butterflies
2. When compound nouns are written as separateofwords
one Dutchman crowd Dutchman
or as hyphenated words, the plural is formed by
one playwright several playwrights
making the most important word in the compound plural.

SINGULAR PLURAL
one brother-in-law ten brothers-in-law
one commander-in-chief
3. Sometimes both parts are made plural. several commanders-in-chief
one man-at-arms many men-at-arms

SINGULAR PLURAL
woman jurors women jurors
Sometimes it is difficult to know which is themen-servants
man-servant main word in the compound noun as in merry go-rounds.
When inwoman
doubt, lawyer
check your dictionary. women lawyers

CASE

 POSSESIVE
 The possessive form of a noun shows ownership or possession. It may also show relationship or
origin.

Have you seen Novie's new roller skates?

Some of the student's ideas proved practical.

1. Form the possessive of a singular noun by adding an apostrophe (‘) and an -s.
 the bag of the lady the lady’s bag
 a novel by Sidney Sheldon Sidney Sheldon’s novel

2. When a singular noun that ends in s has more than one syllable, the possessive may also be formed by
adding on the apostrophe.

3. Form the
 possessive
the projectsofofa plural noun that does not end
the students in s by adding
the students’ an apostrophe (‘) and add -s.
projects
 the theories of scientists the scientist’s theories

4. Whentwotheor rights of children

more persons children’sonly
possess something in common, rights
the last person mentioned is in the
 The
possessive skin of the oxen
form. the oxen’s skins

5. Only the last noun is made possessive in names of companies and organizations and in hyphenated
nouns.
We visited Novie and Vilma's grandparents at their home in Ilocos Norte.

1. SyCip, Gorres and Velayo's new staff members made an impressive

performance at the convention.
2. The Tricycles Operators and Drivers Association's policies are strictly
6. When implemented
two or more persons possess something separately, each noun is in the possessive form.
in this district.
3. The sergeant-at-arms' gavel went down several times during the meeting.

7. In the
Thefollowing expressions
principal's of timespeeches
and the mayor's and amount,
werethe possessiveand
informative form of each noun is used.
inspiring.

 ten cent’s worth five minutes’ pause

 five hundred pesos’ value two hours’ delay
NOMINATIVE CASE
The nominative case names the case of the subject of the sentence and the predicate noun. Thus, it is
often referred to as predicate nominative. The predicate noun agrees in case with the subject since it
refers to the same person or thing as the subject.

 Naty is an outstanding employee.

 The winner is Denleib Castillo
OBJECTIVE CASE
The objective is the case of the direct object, the indirect object and the object of the preposition.

 Direct Object: Jesus helped people.

 Indirect Object: He taught his disciples to pray.
 Object of the Preposition: He gave his famous sermon in Galilee.
RULE FOR CAPITALIZING FOR PROPER NOUNS

 Capitalize the names of specific people.

 Anne Curtis and Vice Ganda are friends.

 Capitalize
 Johna Arthur
title thatenjoyed
precedes a person’s
reading name or
his favorite title that replaces a person’s name, as in direct
book.
address.

 General Luna stood for what he believed was right even if it will cos him his life.
 “Welcome
 Capitalize to our
the words humbleand
president school,
vice Governor”, thewhen
president only principal
they said warmly.
precede a person's name or refer
to the highest government offices.

 Will the woman senator run for President?

 Capitalize
 I'm surethe President
abbreviation for awill
Arroyo person's
makename or state
several title. visits this year.

 Please tell Dr. Robles to report to the hospital now.

 Dr. Luis
 Capitalize Marquez,
words Jr.,family
that show is a surgeon like hiswhen
relationships father.
they precede a person's name or when they
are used in place of a person's name.

 Aunt Alexandra stayed with the Finches for several months.

 Don'tthe
 Capitalize forget
namesto attend the PTA
of buildings, meeting, Mother.
institutions, monuments, business and organizations.

 The Department of Health has embarked on a nationwide campaign against polio.

 Most tourists visit the Rizal Monument in Luneta, the National Museum, Fort
Santiago and Malacañang when they visit Manila.
 Capitalize the names of nationalities, religions, races, and languages. Proper adjectives formed
from these nouns are also capitalized.

 According to the Jewish tradition, holidays always start and end at sunset.
 Jehovah’s Witnesses take the Bible seriously.

 Capitalize the abbreviations A.D., B.C., A.M., and P.M. However, abbreviations for some
measurements (kg, oz, cm, sec) are not capitalized.
 The wedding starts at 10:00 A.M.
 Jesus was killed in 33 AD.

 Capitalize the names of stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies. However, the words sun, moon,
and earth are not usually capitalized.
 Is Mercury the red planet?
 Please show me where the Big Dipper is.

 Capitalize the names of months, days of the week, holidays, and special events; capitalize historical
events and periods. Capitalize the names of awards and prizes.

 Tricia's report is about the Battle of Hastings.

 Harper Lee won the Pulitzer Prize in 1960.

 Capitalize the names of school subjects formed from proper nouns or designating a specific course.

 I needed to take an elective in chemistry or physics, so I chose Physics 1.

 That book is a required reading for English IV.

 Usually capitalize nouns followed by a number or letter.

 I was informed that Flight 101 takes off at 5:30 PM.

 Capitalize the names of political parties and of government agencies, departments and bureaus.
 I wonder whom the Lakas Party will nominate for Quezon City mayor.
 The Department of Agriculture is launching a new project to augment the profits
of small farmers.

 Capitalize the names of specific ships, trains, planes, and spacecraft.

 Who manned Apollo 11?
 The sinking of MV Doña Aurora killed the lives of thousands of passengers.

 Capitalize brand names of specific products.

 His father gave him a Honda Civic as a graduation present.
 Please bring me Jollibee for dinner when you come back.

 Capitalize the first word of each noun in the salutation of a letter. Capitalize the first word of the
closing.
 My dearest Friend,
 Sincerely yours,

ACTIVITY 1: CLASSES OF NOUNS

INSTRUCTION: Identify what type of noun is the word in bold. Write your answer on the
space provided before the number.

_____________________ 1. George Washington is the first U.S President.

_____________________ 2. The Philippines has a Democratic form of Government.
_____________________ 3. The school’s orchestra offered a song for the late principal of the school.
_____________________ 4. The Chief Editor of the Newspaper released a sensitive news topic.
_____________________ 5. I love milktea.
_____________________ 6. Tiktok has gained lots of users when the Pandemic started.
_____________________ 7. My brother-in-law decided that we should spend time together as a
family.
_____________________ 8. The Philippine Madrigal Singers is one of the most famous singing
chorale groups in the country.
_____________________ 9. The implementation of the new curriculum requires all students to take
Senior High School before proceeding to College.
_____________________ 10. The crowd went hype when Daniel Padilla finally came on stage.

ACTIVITY 2: NOUNS BY THEIR FEATURES

INSTRUCTION: Identify the nouns in bold letters used in the paragraph and tell what features of nouns
were used. Write your answer on the blank provided before the number. Write the
letters only.
a) Nouns often follow a determiner
b) Nouns are Singular or Plural
c) Nouns may change form to show relationship/ownership
d) Nouns may be formed with a noun suffix, such as -ition, -ism, -ment, -ness, and -ance.

It’s ____ (1) Jane’s 18th birthday next week and everyone is busy for the preparation. _____ (2)
Several boxes of give-aways arrived and ____ (3) her mother is busy preparing and planning for the
party. _____ (4) Three layers of cake was ordered for her and to her _____ (5) amazement, there were
a lot of twists and surprise _____ (6) her family prepared for her. She’s very excited and it’s can’t
contain her _____ (7) happiness. _____ (8) Many of her friends responded and said that they are
coming. _____ (9) The event hall are also filled with expensive designs and decorations. Truly, it is a
birthday party of every_____ (10) girl’s dream.

ACTIVITY 3: PROPERTIES OF NOUNS

INSTRUCTION:
A. Convert the following nouns from Singular to Plural.

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL

1. Money ________________________ 6. Tuesday __________________

2. Scarf ________________________ 7. Genius __________________
3. Tomato ________________________ 8. Politics __________________
4. Audio ________________________ 9. Taiwanese __________________
5. Cojuanco ________________________ 10. Offspring __________________
B. Convert the following irregular nouns from singular to plural
SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL
1. Stimulus ________________________ 6. Child __________________
2. Leaf ________________________ 7. Person __________________
3. Wolf ________________________ 8. Sheep __________________
4. Octopus ________________________ 9. Louse __________________
5. Ox ________________________ 10. Oasis __________________

ACTIVITY 4:
INSTRUCTION: Rewrite the following sentences by capitalizing words using the rules for
capitalization. Write it on the blank provided below every item.

1. only god knows the answer.

__________________________________________________________________________________
2. general macarthur ended his career in 1951.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. we watched a shakespearian play.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. this semester, I am taking statistics I  and digital marketing.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. mercury, venus, earth, moon, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, and neptune are planets.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. “wake me up, when september ends.”
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. we went to times square in new york.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. he took an aspirin and lay down.
__________________________________________________________________________________
9. Agent x44 became known after a pinoy secret agent movie was made in the philippines.
__________________________________________________________________________________
10. ang probinsyano became a long television hit. i wonder when will it end.
__________________________________________________________________________________

~ END OF ACTIVITY ~