Latin to GCSE Part 1

Answer Key: Chapter 3

Exercise 3.1
1. We were ordering
2. I was greeting
3. You (pl) were sending
4. He/she/it was coming
5. You (sg) were writing
6. They were giving
7. I was punishing
8. We were drinking
9. You (sg) were shouting
10. He/she/it was frightening

Exercise 3.2
1. dormiebat He/she/it was sleeping
2. monebam I was warning
3. vocabas You (sg) were calling
4. ducebamus We were leading
5. custodiebatis You (pl) were guarding
6. timebamus We were fearing
7. inveniebant They were finding
8. sedebat He/she/it was sitting
9. laborabatis you (pl) were working
10. habebant they were having (/had)

Exercise 3.3
1. pugnabam
2. audiebamus
3. scribebat
4. salutabant
5. ambulabas
6. dabat
7. bibebam
8. puniebat
9. parabamus
10. legebatis
Exercise 3.4
1. The men were dragging the horse out of the garden.
2. The slave-girl was leading her friends through the fields.
3. The gods and the goddesses were fighting.
4. You (pl) were warning your friends about the dangers of war.
5. The boys were sleeping in the temple.
6. The woman was ordering the slave-girls to work in the garden.
7. We were guarding the money with swords.
8. The girl was afraid of horses.
9. The messengers were sitting in the temple of the goddess.
10. I was writing a book about the war.

Exercise 3.5
1. We had a house in Rome for ten years.
2. I always used to drink wine; now I drink water.
3. We sat in the field for five hours.
4. The master used to give gifts to his slaves; now he always punishes the slaves.
5. I had a horse for five years.

Exercise 3.6
1. dominus in villa dormiebat.
2. viri ad muros templi ambulabant.
3. amicum e taberna trahebamus.
4. ad insulas navigabam.
5. Romae decem annos tabernam habebas.

Exercise 3.7
1. We used to be slaves, but now we are freedmen.
2. The boys were friends.
3. You (sg) were a slave-girl for ten years and now you are the mistress.
4. There were five messengers in the garden.
5. The girl was in the temple.

Exercise 3.8
1. puellae in periculo non erant.
2. libertus et dominus amici erant.
3. decem horas in insula eramus.
4. amici eratis sed nunc semper pugnatis.
5. Romae servus in templo eram.
Exercise 3.9
1. possum I can, am able
2. potestis You (pl) can, are able
3 poteras You (sg) could, were able
4. possunt They can, are able
5. poteramus We could, were able

Exercise 3.10
1. Now you (pl) can sleep.
2. The women could not find the gifts.
3. We are able to hear the gods’ words in the temple.
4. The friends are not able to sail to the island.
5. The slave could not read the letter.

Exercise 3.11
1. templum custodire possumus.
2. nuntium audire non possum.
3. vinum bibere non poteram.
4. servi dominum portare non poterant.
5. nuntius villam amici videre potest.

Exercise 3.12
1. current
2 habitation
3. consume
4. advent
5. query

Exercise 3.13
1. 1st. we build, are building
2. 3rd they depart, are departing
3. 2nd. we should have
4. 4th. you (pl) arrive
5. 3rd. you (sg) are looking for

Exercise 3.14
1. manet
2. habitabam
3. habebam
4. currit
5. consumimus
Exercise 3.15
1. The freedman is arriving at the house.
2. The boys must hurry into the temple.
3. The messengers are now leaving Rome.
4. You were looking for the book in the garden.
5. I lived in Rome for five years; now I live on the island.
6. You ought to have listened to the messenger’s words.
7. The master’s friends were eating food and drinking wine.
8. We stayed in the inn for ten hours.
9. The master was building a house on the island.
10. The slaves are running through the fields with the slave-girls.

Exercise 3.16
1. viri ad villam adveniunt.
2. servi muros templi aedificabant.
3. feminae et puellae in insula manent.
4. a periculo currere debemus.
5. Romae in insula habitabatis.

Exercise 3.17
Aeneas and his family are running through the streets of Troy. They fear the danger, but
arrive at the gate and hurry into the fields. There they halt. Aeneas looks back. He does not
see Creusa. “Creusa! Creusa!” he shouts. But he cannot find Creusa. He runs to Troy again.
He hurries through the gate, he searches for Creusa through the streets and houses. He sees a
woman. “Creusa,” Aeneas shouts, “we must leave now. The Greeks hold Troy. We cannot
stay.”

But the woman is not Creusa: it is Creusa’s ghost. “The gods,” the ghost says, “ are ordering
Creusa to remain. The Greeks do not have Creusa: the gods are guarding Creusa. They
order Aeneas to find a homeland for the Trojans. They have a plan: they are guarding Aeneas
and the Trojans. Now, good-bye!” Three times Aeneas clutches at the ghost; three times the
ghost vanishes. Aeneas weeps. He now hears the Greeks. He hurries to the gate and leaves
Troy. He runs to his family and friends.

Exercise 3.18
1. multitude
2. novel
3. bonus, bounty
4. magnitude
5. irate
Exercise 3.19
1. mala singular, feminine, nominative; singular, feminine, ablative;
plural, neuter, nominative; plural, neuter, accusative
2. stulti singular, masculine genitive; singular, neuter, genitive; plural,
masculine, nominative
3. parvarum plural, feminine, genitive
4. Romanum singular, masculine, accusative; singular neuter nominative; singular
neuter accusative
5. laetis plural, masculine, dative; plural, masculine ablative
plural, feminine, dative; plural, feminine ablative
plural, neuter, dative; plural neuter ablative

Exercise 3.20
1. novi
2. multas
3. iratae
4. magnis
5. stulta

Exercise 3.21
1. liberti irati singular, masculine, genitive; plural, masculine, nominative
2. puer laetus singular, masculine, nominative
3. magna templa plural, neuter, nominative; plural neuter accusative
4. vino bono singular, neuter, dative; singular, neuter, ablative
5. novos gladios plural , masculine, accusative

Exercise 3.22
1. amico bono
2. parvis villis
3. multos annos
4. servorum laetorum
5. multa pecunia

Exercise 3.23
1. The inn is small and the wine is bad.
2. We are giving money to the happy messengers.
3. The slave-girls have a new plan.
4. You (pl) love Roman wine.
5. There are many gods and many goddesses.
6. The boys and girls are stupid.
7. The slaves were building the walls of the great temple.
8. The new master was a slave for many years.
9. The angry man was dragging the evil slave through the garden.
10. The island was small but we could not find our friend.

Exercise 3.24
1. magnae villae dominus sum.
2. multae feminae in parvum templum currebant.
3. aquam malam bibere non possumus.
4. libertus iratus novum servum puniebat.
5. equum stultum non amas.

Exercise 3.25
1. The gods always give good things to the Romans.
2. Good men love and fear the gods.
3. The woman is giving a lot of money to the slave-girls.
4. In Rome many people lived in blocks of flats.
5. Many of the slaves are now working in the garden.

Exercise 3.26
Aeneas gathers together the remaining Trojans. “The Greeks,” he says, “ now hold Troy.
We must leave. The gods order the Trojans to find a new homeland.” The Trojans listen to
Aeneas’ words. Men and women are shouting; boys and girls are crying. Aeneas leads the
Trojans away from Troy. The Trojans quickly build ships and sail to Thrace.

In Thrace, Aeneas builds new walls. But the gods send an evil omen: blood falls from the
trees, and Aeneas hears the voice of his dead friend Polydorus. Polydorus orders Aeneas to
leave Thrace. Polydorus’ words frighten Aeneas. Aeneas quickly leads the Trojans to the
ships, and orders his friends to sail away from Thrace.

They arrive at the small island Delos. Two gods, Apollo and Diana, live on the island. In the
temple Aeneas gives gifts to the gods and hears the words of the gods. “Trojans,” the gods
say, “you must sail to your ancient mother. There is your new homeland.” The father of
Aeneas hears the words and shouts “Crete is the ancient mother of the Trojans. Now we have
a plan. We must sail to Crete.”

Exercise 3.27
1. The master always gives beautiful gifts to the mistress.
2. The angry sailors were fighting in the temple.
3. The sad sailor was drinking wine in the inn.
4. We have a beautiful homeland.
5. We were listening to the miserable words of the messengers.

Exercise 3.28
1. amicus miser cibum non consumebat.
2. multi Romanorum in villis pulchris habitabant.
3. puella misera quinque horas lacrimabat.
4. nautae laeti Romam navigabant.
5. dona pulchra deis dare amamus.

Exercise 3.29
The happy Trojans now sail to Crete. In Crete they build a forum and temples and houses.
But the gods give a new evil to the Trojans: they send an evil plague. The plague
kills many of the Trojans. In a dream Aeneas sees and hears the Trojan gods. “You must,”
the gods say, “sail to another land. You cannot stay in Crete. Crete is not the mother of the
Trojans. Far away there is a good land, Hesperia. It is ancient and powerful and beautiful.
Hesperia was the first homeland of the Trojans. Now the name of the land is Italy. You must
lead the Trojans to Italy.” When Aeneas hears the words he is miserable. He orders the
Trojans to sail from Crete.

Exercise 3.30
1. search for! look for!
2. come!
3. stay!
4. give!
5. you (pl) are building
6. build!
7. sit!
8. drink!
9. you (sg) are punishing
9. punish!

Exercise 3.31
1. Walk into the garden!
2. Warn the freedman about the great danger!
3. Leave Rome!
4. Order the stupid slaves to work!
5. Guard the temple with swords!

Exercise 3.32
Words in the vocative case are in bold

1. Listen to messenger’s the happy words, girls!

2. Come to Rome, good master!
3. Mistress, a messenger is now arriving at the house.
4. Messenger, give the boy new weapons!
5. Guard your homeland, Romans!
Exercise 3.33
1. epistulam invenire non possum, domine.
2. domina, est in villa nuntius.
3. mane in horto, puer!
4. custodite templum, o dei!
5. vinum bibite et cibum consumite, nautae!

Exercise 3.34
The Trojans arrive at a small island. On the island live the Harpies. The Harpies are
monsters. They are women but they have wings and claws. The Trojans prepare a meal.
They are eating the food and drinking the wine. But the Harpies fly up and snatch the food.
The Trojans weep and are afraid. Aeneas orders his men to attack the monsters with their
swords. The monsters flee, but the queen of the Harpies shouts “Sail to Italy, foolish
Trojans! Find evil hunger there! Weep! Even eat your tables!” The words terrify Aeneas;
he orders his wretched friends to sail.

They arrive at Epirus. In Epirus Aeneas find other Trojans. These Trojans are building a
New Troy. Helenus, a friend of Aeneas, rules New Troy. Helenus invites Aeneas into his
house. Aeneas happily stays with Helenus for a long time.

Exercise 3.35
1. We were attacking the island for a long time.
2. Send the letter at once, mistress!
3. The master listens to the women’s words. Then he calls a slave.
4. My friend is now leaving; at last I can sleep.
5. The freedman suddenly hears horses. “Girls,” he says, “your friends are now
arriving.”

Exercise 3.36
1. nautae vinum diu bibebant.
2. subito, ancilla in agrum currit.
3. scribe epistulam statim, puer!
4. librum legere tandem poteram.
5. verba nuntii audimus. deinde puellas vocamus.

Exercise 3.37
The Trojans stay with Helenus for a long time, but at last they have to leave. Aeneas and his
friends prepare the ships. Then Helenus warns Aeneas about the dangers: “Friends, sail
around Sicily! There are great dangers between Sicily and Italy. On the right is Scylla.
Scylla is a sea monster, part woman, part wolf, part dolphin. She suddenly seizes sailors and
eats them. The danger on the left is Charybdis. Charybdis is a whirlpool. Three times a day
she sucks down ships and sailors and destroys them. It is not safe to sail between Scylla and
Charybdis: sail around the island!”
Then Helenus orders the Trojans: “Always love the goddess Juno!” He orders Aeneas: “In
Italy, look for the Sibyl, a holy woman!” At last the Trojans depart. Men and women are
crying. Helenus gives gifts to Aeneas. Then the Trojans sail to Italy. At last they see Sicily;
they sail round the island; they carefully avoid Scylla and Charibdis.