Latin to GCSE Part 1

Answer Key: Chapter 4

Exercise 4.2
1. He/she/it shouted
2. You (sg) attacked
3. I prepared
4. They killed
5. We cried
6. You (pl) invited
7. He/she/it called
8. I built
9. You (sg) gave
10. You (pl) hurried

Exercise 4.3
1. We greeted
2. You (pl) were walking
3. He/she/it gives
4. You (sg) are sailing
5. You (sg) worked
6. They loved
7. They were living
8. We are killing
9. I fought
10. I was building
Exercise 4.4
1. dederunt
2. vocabamus
3. lacrimat
4. laboravisti (laborabas)
5. navigavit
6. festinabam
7. oppugnaverunt
8. necavistis
9. habitamus
10. portabant

Exercise 4.5
1. You (pl) have prepared a good meal for the freedmen.
2. The master fought in the great war.
3. I killed the evil slave with my sword.
4. The Romans built a new temple in the forum.
5. The messenger carried the mistress’s letters to the island.

Exercise 4.6
1. nuntii a patria navigaverunt.
2. novos amicos ad cenam statim invitavimus.
3. parvus puer vinum in hortum portavit.
4. servi irati muros Romae oppugnaverunt.
5. multae puellarum deae dona dederunt.

Exercise 4.7
1. He/she/it dragged
2. We warned
3. You (sg) heard
4. You (pl) warned
5. They dragged
6. I dragged
7. He/she/it heard
8. You (pl) heard
9. They warned
10. You (sg) dragged

Exercise 4.8
1. They frightened
2. You (pl) were afraid
3. We stayed
4. You (sg) had to
5. He/she/it had
6. We destroyed
7. You (sg) saw
8. I ordered
9. They sat
10. He/she/it warned

Exercise 4.9
1. He/she/it searched for
2. We sent
3. You (pl) ran
4. You (sg) read, chose
5. They drank
6. I left
7. You (sg) led
8. He/she/it wrote
9. They fell
10. We ate

Exercise 4.10
1. They found
2. You (pl) came
3. He/she/it punished
4. You (sg) arrived
5. We slept

Exercise 4.11
1. They were
2. We were able
3. You (sg) were able
4. You (sg) used to be
5. You ( pl) were
6. He/she/it says, He/she/it said
7. You (sg) are
8. He/she/it was
9. He/she/it was able
10. He/she/it is able

Exercise 4.12
1. mansistis
2. custodivimus
3. cecidit
4. consumpsisti
5. viderunt
6. discessistis
7. potuerunt
8. advenit
9. terrui
10. fuisti

Exercise 4.13
1. The messenger ran out of the house with the freedman.
2. You (pl) have ordered the slaves to carry food into the garden.
3. The stupid boy suddenly fell down from the wall.
4. We found a beautiful book in the temple.
5. I warned my mistress about a new danger.
6. At last the friends arrived at the house.
7. We could not hear the master’s words.
8. The happy girls ate the food and drank the wine.
9. You (sg) saw a beautiful woman in the street.
10. The Romans destroyed the houses and the temples.

Exercise 4.14
1. He read the letter and gave it to a slave.
2. You (sg) have written many books about the war.
3. I was working for ten hours. At last I fell asleep.
4. The angry mistress punished the bad boy.
5. The Roman sailors sailed around the island.
6. We attacked the messenger with swords.
7. You (pl) built a big house on the small island.
8. The master’s weapons frightened the girl.
9. I have heard the god’s words; I do not fear the war.
10. There was great danger in Rome.

Exercise 4.15
1. feminas e periculo duximus.
2. amici tandem advenerunt.
3. in templo cum puellis mansi.
4. viri stulti equum per portam traxerunt.
5. voca dominum statim, puer! nuntii Roma venerunt.

Exercise 4.16
Aeneas and the Trojans were sailing around Sicily. They came to land and prepared a meal.
They were happy: at last they were near to their new homeland. But suddenly they heard a
dreadful noise: it was Mount Etna. Etna spewed up fire for many hours. The noise terrified
the Trojans. Aeneas and his friends could not sleep. In the morning a wretched man
suddenly ran up to the Trojans. He was thin and had torn clothing. “Save me, Trojans,” he
shouted.
“I am a Greek and fought at Troy, but now I am miserable and alone. After the war, I sailed
for many years with Ulysses my master; at last we arrived at Sicily. We walked through the
land and found a cave. There was a lot of food in the cave. We were eating the food happily
but suddenly there arrived a Cyclops, a dreadful one-eyed monster. The angry Cyclops ate
many men. But Ulysses blinded the monster with a spear and we ran out of the cave.
Ulysses ordered the sailors to sail away from the island at once, but stupidly left wretched me
behind. Save me! Hurry! We must leave immediately!”

Exercise 4.17
1. paternal
2. military
3. urban
4. fraternity
5. nocturnal

Exercise 4.18
1. senibus plural dative; plural ablative
2. urbem singular accusative
3. milites plural nominative; plural accusative
4. patris singular genitive
5. duce singular ablative
6. noctes plural nominative; plural accusative
7. matrem singular accusative
8. nox singular nominative
9. militum plural genitive
10 regi singular dative

Exercise 4.19
1. ducis
2. matribus
3. fratri
4. urbes
5. regem

Exercise 4.20
1. For a long time we feared the night.
2. The unhappy mothers were crying in the street.
3. The general left many soldiers on the island.
4. The king’s brother was stupid and evil.
5. I was looking for my mother and father through the streets of the city.
6. The freedman had a great love of money.
7. The young man was running through the city with the king’s soldiers.
8. The boys did not hear the shouts of the old men.
9. The old man warned the young men about the dangers of war.
10. The sailors sailed to the island in a big ship.

Exercise 4.21
1. sunt in insula multae urbes.
2. clamorem fratris non audivi.
3. iuvenis matrem patremque subito vidit.
4. milites regis pecuniam cusodiebant.
5. ad navem statim currere debemus, senex!

Exercise 4.22
The sailor’s sad words terrified the Trojans. Aeneas and his friends immediately had pity.
Suddenly they heard a shout and saw the Cyclops. The Cyclops, blinded and angry, was
walking towards the Trojans. Immediately Aeneas ordered the Trojans and the wretched
sailor to run to the ships. Suddenly the other Cyclops arrived. The Cyclops attacked the
Trojans with stones and branches. The Trojans ran to the ships and left immediately. They
did not leave the wretched Greek behind.

The Trojans were sailing slowly around Sicily to their new homeland. But the gods sent a
new grief: the old man Anchises, the father of Aeneas, at last died. Aeneas, miserable, cried
for a long time, but the Trojans could not stay. The dutiful leader ordered the sailors to bring
down the ships into the water again. “To the ships, friends!” he said. “Tears and sad words
are of no use. We must seek a homeland.”

Exercise 4.23
1. capital
2. itinerary
3. maritime
4. nominal

Exercise 4.24
1. nominum plural genitive
2. capitibus plural dative; plural ablative
3. itineris singular genitive
4. maria plural nominative; plural accusative
5. capite singular ablative

Exercise 4.25
1. The name of the city is Rome.
2. The old man led the soldiers to the sea.
3. The king killed the Roman sailors and sent their heads to Rome.
4. The journey was long but now we can sleep.
5. The beautiful horse, Bucephalus by name, has a big head.
Exercise 4.26
1. nautae deum maris timebant.
2. novi servi nomina non habent.
3. caput iuvenis mali ad regem portavi.
4. dux nomen novum insulae dedit.
5. de itineribus militum audivimus.

Exercise 4.27
Aeneas and the Trojans were now making for their new homeland. But Juno the queen of the
gods still wanted to punish the Trojans. She looked at the Trojan ships angrily. She wanted
to kill the sailors and destroy their ships. She hurried to Aeolus, the king of the winds. The
goddess ordered Aeolus to send a great storm. Aeolus immediately sent the winds into the
sky. The winds threw themselves upon the sea, light left the sky, the waters overwhelmed the
ships. Aeneas wept and feared death. But at last the winds and the waters subsided. Many
ships, many sailors were now lost. At last Aeneas sailed to land. Venus, the mother of
Aeneas, saw the danger. She hurried to Jupiter, she wept, she shouted angry words: “You
promised, king of the gods, for the Trojans a new kingdom and a new homeland! But a storm
has now overwhelmed the Trojan ships, and the good leader is in great danger. Why are you
still punishing Aeneas?” But Jupiter laughed. “The gods’ plans remain” he said. “I am
guarding the Trojans. I am not punishing Aeneas. He is the father of a new Roman kingdom;
I have given the Romans an empire without end.”

Exercise 4.28
1. Do you (pl) like the sea?
2. Does the island have a name?
3. Why are you laughing, boys?
4. When did the queen leave?
5. Surely the gods love Rome?
6. Are you afraid of the long journey, girls?
7. Surely the old man cannot fight with a sword?
8. Where have you sailed from, sailors?
9. Where were you running to, boy?
10. Where are we now, father?

Exercise 4.29
1. quando pecuniam invenisti, ancilla?
2. cur non laboras, puer?
3. nonne legere potestis?
4. quo ambulat domina?
5. iussitne dux milites urbem petere?
Exercise 4.30
Aeneas was now in a new and unknown land. He was miserable and he was afraid. But
Jupiter the king of the gods was protecting Aeneas and the Trojans. The country was
Carthage, Dido the queen. Jupiter sent Mercury, the messenger of the gods, to the
Carthaginians and queen Dido. Mercury gave the Carthaginians a friendly mind. Therefore
the danger to the Trojans was small. Aeneas and his friend, called Achates, were wandering
sadly through unknown fields. Suddenly, Venus, the goddess of love and mother of Aeneas,
came down from heaven to earth and came to Aeneas. But the goddess was wearing a girl’s
clothing: Aeneas did not recognise his mother.

Venus greeted the men: “Greetings men! Who are you? Why are you wandering here?
Where have you come from? “We are Trojans,” Aeneas said, “and we have sailed from
Troy. We are seeking our new homeland but the gods are hostile: they have sent many
dangers and a great storm. Now we are in an unknown land. But who are you? Are you a
goddess? Surely you are not a girl? Where are we? Who lives here? Are the men friendly?”

“You are safe, Trojans” Venus said. “You are in the land of the Carthaginians. The
Carthaginians are good men, and Dido is a good queen. The Carthaginians have sailed here
over (through) the seas; they arrived recently. Now they are building a city. I am not a
goddess but a huntress; I know the roads and fields. Now hurry to the city!” Then the
goddess left with radiant steps: immediately Aeneas recognised his mother. Aeneas and
Achates made for Carthage. Venus covered the men with a thick cloud; no-one could see
Aeneas.

They arrived the new city. The Carthaginians were building a forum, walls and temples.
Men and women were working like bees. Suddenly Aeneas saw the beautiful Dido. There
was, with the queen – wondrous to say! – a great crowd of Trojan young men. Aeneas and
Achates happily saw their friends. Then suddenly the cloud vanished. Aeneas walked into
the forum and into the crowd. Dido, amazed, looked at Trojan Aeneas.

Exercise 4.31
1. They are making, doing
2. You (pl) were taking
3. Flee!
4. To do, to make
5. You (sg) took
6. They fled
7. You (sg) are doing, making
8. You (pl) capture
9. You (pl) fled
10. Make a plan!

Exercise 4.32
1. faciebamus
2. fugit
3. capere
4. fecerunt
5. fugit

Exercise 4.33
1. The miserable old men were making the long journey to Rome.
2. Finally we captured the city and the leader.
3. “Surely, messengers,” the freedman said, “you are not running away?”
4. Catch the horse, stupid boys!
5. The Romans made a slave their king.
6. Flee, queen! Leave the city!
7. The leaders of the Romans were making a new plan.
8. The slave-girls suddenly fled from the garden.
9. The young man’s father makes good wine.
10. Time flies.

Exercise 4.34
1. in horto vinum facimus.
2. servi puerum malum ceperunt.
3. cur a periculo non fugisti, senex?
4. fratres iter per novam terram faciebant.
5. milites muros portasque ceperunt; fugere non possumus.

Exercise 4.35
Aeneas walked to the queen. “You are looking for the leader of the Trojan soldier, o queen.
I, Aeneas, am here. You have given the Trojans great help, queen Dido: you have invited
tired sailors into your city and you have saved a scattered race. O great gods, save the
Carthaginians and the city and their good queen!” Then Dido said, “Leader, why, have you
come to the land of the Carthaginians? What have you done against the gods? Why do the
gods hate the Trojans? I have heard many tales about the Trojans and about Aeneas. I am
also an exile: I have left my homeland and am now building a new city. You are very
welcome, Trojans. Come to the royal palace.”

The queen led the Trojans into the palace. She ordered the slaves to prepare a great meal.
She sent a lot of food to the ships and Aeneas’s friends. Aeneas ordered a messenger to lead
his son Ascanius to the city. But Venus now made a new plan: she sent not Ascanius but
Cupid, looking like Ascanius, to the city. While the Carthaginians and the Trojans were
dining, Cupid set Dido’s heart on fire with love for Aeneas.

Exercise 4.36
1. You (pl) walked to the temple at the first hour.
2. The Romans attacked the islands in the first year.
3. The boys ran into the middle of the crowd.
4. The old man killed his brother with a sword in the middle of the night.
5. We built many houses in the first year.

Exercise 4.37
After dinner, Aeneas told Dido a long story about the destruction of Troy and about the
Trojans’ journey. The queen and the Carthaginians were astounded. In the middle of the
night the arrow of love pierced Dido: the queen loved the head, the hair, the eyes of the
Trojan man. Every day Dido and Aeneas visited temples, gave gifts to the gods, walked
through the streets of the city. Juno, the queen of the gods, wanted Aeneas to stay in the land
of the Carthaginians for a long time. The goddess made a plan. Dido and Aeneas were
leading the hunt; Juno sent a great storm. The queen and Aeneas fled to a cave: here they
stayed; here they made love. The happy Dido now called Aeneas husband.

Exercise 4.38
1. Where have you (sg) come from? Where do you live?
2. Walk into my fields with me, friends!
3. I drank wine, you (sg) water.
4. My brothers are not afraid of yours.
5. Did my mother give a gift to you (sg) and your father?

Exercise 4.39
1. maritus tuus mihi arma dedit.
2. neca te gladio, frater!
3. ancillam meam in templo invenerunt.
4. cur servi tui non tecum sunt, pater?
5. estne liber meus in villa tua, liberte?

Exercise 4.40
But Aeneas could not stay with Dido: it was not divine will. He had to lead the Trojans to
their new homeland. In the middle of the night an angry Jupiter sent Mercury to Aeneas.
Mercury came to the leader in a dream. “Foolish man,” he said, “why do you not remember
Jupiter’s words? You must find a homeland for the Trojans. This is not your kingdom. You
are not Dido’s husband. Leave at once! Hurry!” The god’s words terrified Aeneas. The next
day he prepared his ships and ordered the Trojans to sail. When Dido found out the plan of
the Trojans’ leader she was miserable and angry. She wept, she shouted, she ordered Aeneas
to stay: but in vain. Aeneas hurried to the ships and ordered his friends to sail from the land
of the Carthaginians. “Now,” the queen shouted, “the Carthaginians are the enemies of the
Trojans. O gods, avenge the Carthaginians! Punish the Trojans!” Aeneas and the Trojans
left; queen Dido pierced herself through with a sword and threw herself onto a funeral pyre.