Reproductive System Gametogenesis

(a) Male Reproductive System (a) Spermatogenesis

(b) Female Reproductive System (b) oogenesis

Human
Reproduction
Pregnancy
Emryonic Development
parturition

Menstrual Cycle

Fertilization
&
Implantation
 Male Reproductive
System

Accessory Reproductive Glands

Seminal vesicle
Prostate Glands
Cowper Glands
Penis

Histology Of Testes & Histology of seminiferous

 Female Reproductive
System

Female Accessory Ducts

Oviducts Vagina Uterus
(Fallopian tubes)

Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus

Female External Genitalia - Vulva

Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Hymen Clitoris

Female External Genitalia - Vulva

Greater Vestibular Glands Lesser Vestibular Glands

Bartholin’s Glands Paraurethral Glands
Glands of Skene
Paired glands on either side of Lesser Vestibular Glands
the vaginal orifice Paraurethral Glands
Glands of Skene
Homologous to Cowper’s
Gland of male Homologous to Prostate
Gland of male
 Mammary Gland

Passage of Milk MMML

Mammary Tubule

Mammary Duct

Mammary Ampulla

Lactiferous Duct

Nipple
 Gametogenesis

Spermatogenesis Oogenesis

Spermatidogenesis + Spermiogenesis = Spermatogenesis

Human Sperm

OVARY
Head Neck Middle piece Tail

Hormonal Control of Gametogenesis

Hypothalamus

GnRH

Ant Pituitary

FSH, LH
 Phases of Menstrual Cycle

1) Menstrual Phase 2) Follicular phase

(Prolifera�ve Phase)
(1-5 day) 6-13th day

4) Luteal Phase
3) Ovulatory Phase
(Secretory phase)
14th day 15-28th day

Events during menstrual cycle

 Fer�liza�on

The process of fusion of a

haploid sperm with a
haploid ovum to form a
diploid zygote is called
fer�lisa�on

Site of fer�lisa�on-
ampullary region Cortical reaction & Acrosome
reac�on

Sex Determina�on

Scien�fically it is correct to say that the

sex
of the baby is determined by the father and
not by the mother
 Cleavage

The mito�c division (cleavage) starts as

the zygote moves through the isthmus
of the oviduct towards the uterus

It forms 2, 4, 8, 16 The embryo with 8

daughter cells called to 16 blastomeres
blastomeres is called a morula

Implanta�on Blastula�on
 Placenta and Extraembryonic Membranes

Fetal Part - Chorionic Villi

Maternal Part - Decidua basalis Human Placenta Chorionic
Placenta
Haemochorial Placenta
Metadiscoidal Placenta

Placenta : Func�ons
Placental Hormones
Nutrition, Respiration
Placenta produces several
The supply of O2 hormones:
● Human chorionic
and nutrients to gonadotropin (hCG)
the embryo ● Human placental
lactogen (hPL)
● Estrogens
● Progestogens

Excretion
Removal of CO2and
excretory waste
materials produced
by the embryo
 Gastrulation Fate of germ layers

Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

Epidermis of skin & its

Epithelial lining of
deriva�ves (including sweat Notochord
diges�ve tract
glands, hair follicles)

Mammary Gland, Thyroid, parathyroid,Thymus

Skeletal system
Tooth enamel

Epithelial lining of
Cornea & lens of eye Muscular system
Liver, gallbladder

Circulatory & lympha�c

Nervous system system Liver

Pituitary, Pineal Excretory system, Gonads Pancreas

Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla

Embryonic Development
Parturi�on
A�er Event
1 month Heart formed
This process of delivery of
2 months Limbs, digits formed
the foetus (childbirth) is
Most of organ system, external genitalia
called parturi�on 3 months
formed
5 months Movement of foetus, hair on head
Parturi�on is Body covered with fine hairs, eyelids
6 months
induced by a complex separate, eyelashes formed
neuroendocrine 9 months Ready for delivery
mechanism
Lacta�on
Parturi�on: Foetal Ejec�on Reflex

The mammary glands of the

female undergo
differen�a�on during
pregnancy and starts
producing milk towards the
end of pregnancy by the
process called lacta�on