Lesson 1.
7 Learning Task Worksheet
These questions should help you to review the content and skills that you learned by reading
Concepts 5.3 and 5.5 of your textbook and completing all of the lesson activities.
● Read each question carefully.
● Complete each question thoroughly.
● Turn in your completed worksheet to your teacher.
1. A. Identify the atoms found in lipid molecules. How does this compare to carbohydrates?
B. If you were looking at a diagram of a carbohydrate and a diagram of a lipid, how could
you tell them apart?
2. A. Identify the type of fat shown in this diagram.
B. Identify the hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas of the molecule shown in the diagram.
C. Identify which fatty acid in the model is saturated and which is unsaturated. Explain how
you determined this.
D. Based on the chemical structure of the fatty acids, why does it “make sense” that
unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature and saturated fatty acids are solid at
room temperature?
3. What type of fat is the major energy-storage molecule in human cells?
4. A. Identify the type of fat molecule shown in this diagram.
B. Explain two uses of this type of molecule in cells.
5. A. Draw a nucleotide and label its three parts.
B. Compare the sugar found in DNA and the sugar found in RNA.
C. Compare the nitrogenous bases found in DNA and the nitrogenous bases found in RNA.
6. The phrase “CUT pie” is a helpful way to remember which nitrogenous bases are purines
and which are pyrimidines is. Compare the structures of purines and pyrimidines and try to
determine what “CUT pie” refers to. Explain your idea.
7. A. Indicate the complementary stand of the DNA molecule shown here.
5’ A A T C G C T G C C T 3’
B. If the original DNA molecule shown in question7A were used in the process of
transcription to produce mRNA, then what would be the sequence of the mRNA molecule?
8. Explain why a purine nucleotide must always pair with a pyrimidine nucleotide (A with T
and C with G) in a double-stranded DNA molecule.
9. Explain the chemical basis of the “5 prime” and “3 prime” notations used to describe DNA.
10. A. How many base pairs are in the human genome?
B. When did the Human Genome Project begin and end?
C. Compare the cost and rate of our ability to sequence DNA today to that of a decade ago.
11. A. Predict the relatedness of the following organisms to humans. List the organisms from
the most related to the least related.
codfish chimpanzee E. coli bacteria dog
B. Explain how DNA sequencing can be used to obtain data that could help determine the
evolutionary relationships among organisms.
—Continue to next page—
12. Complete the table below to summarize your knowledge of the four major macromolecules
found in cells.
Type of Type of Bond
Macro- Types of Name of Name of Formed
Functions
molecule Atoms Monomer Polymer Between
Monomers
Mono-
saccharide
(Note: Fats are
not true
polymers.)
Lipids Triacyl-
glycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
C, H, O, N, and
sometimes
S
Phospho-
Nucleic acids
diester