A Bonifacio St.

WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE 6541 Ormoc City, Leyte

wlcjhsshs@[Link]
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Title: VECTORS

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 General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Title: Vectors

Science – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Vectors
First Edition, 2020

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 General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Vectors

Introductory Message
For the learner:

Welcome to the General Physics 1 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Vectors!
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Vectors.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into one lesson with subtopics, namely:

• Lesson 5 – Vectors
• Vectors and scalars
 • Addition of Vectors

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define scalar and vector quantity;
2. differentiate vector and scalar quantities;
3. classify the physical quantities as scalar and vector quantity;
4. determine the magnitude and direction of a given vector; and
5. perform addition of vectors

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of a vector quantity?

a. acceleration c. volume
b. mass d. temperature

2. Displacement is a
a. base quantity c. scalar quantity
b. derived quantity d. vector quantity

3. Identify the following quantities as scalar or vector: the mass of an object, the number of
leaves on a tree and wind velocity.
a. vector, scalar, scalar c. scalar, scalar, vector
b. vector, scalar, vector d. scalar, vector, vector

4. If two forces 20 N towards North and 12 N towards South are acting on an object. What
will be the resultant force?
a. 32 N North b. 20 N South c. 32 N South d. 8 N North

5. A student adds two displacement vectors with magnitudes of 3 m and 4 m

respectively. Which one of the following could not be a possible choice for the resultant?
a. 1.3 m b. 3.3 m c. 5 m d. 6.8 m

6. Find the displacement a hiker walks if he travels 9.0 km north, and then turns around
and walks 3.0 km south?
a. 0.5 km c. 6.0 km
b. 3.0 km d. 12.0 km
7. A runway dog walks 0.64 km due N. He then runs due W to a hot dog stand. If the
magnitude of the dog’s total displacement vector is 0.91 km, what is the magnitude of the
dog’s displacement vector in the due west direction?
a. 0.27 km b. 0.33 km c. 0.41 km d. 0.52 km

8. An escaped convict runs 1.70 km due East of the prison. He then runs due North to a
friend’s house. If the magnitude of the convict’s total displacement vector is 2.50 km, what
is the direction of his total displacement vector with respect to due East?
 a. 34 SE
0 b. 43 SE
0 c. 47 NE
0 d. 56 NE 0

9. Two vectors A and B are added together to form a vector C. The relationship between the
magnitudes of the vectors is given by A + B = C. Which one of the following statements
concerning these vectors is true?
a. A and B must be displacements
b. A and B must have equal lengths
c. A and B must point in opposite directions
d. A and B point in the same direction

10. Which expression is FALSE concerning the vectors are shown in the sketch?

a. C = A + B b. C + A = -B c. A + B + C = 0 d. C  A + B

11. How to add vectors graphically?

a. put them in line c. put them tip to tip
b. put them tail to tail d. put them tip to tail
12. Which of the following is the definition of vector?
a. a quantity that has only magnitude
b. a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
c. a quantity that has only one direction
d. a quantity that has magnitude but may or may not have direction

13. Which of the following answer contains two scalar quantities and one vector quantity?
a. mass, displacement, time c. temperature, displacement, force
b. momentum, velocity, acceleration d. time, length, mass

14. A boy walks far 5km along a direction 53 West of North. Which of the following journeys would
0

result in the same displacement?

a. 4km N, 3 km W c. 3 km N, 2 km W
b. 4 km W, 3 km W d. 3 km N, 4 km W

15. Which procedure should NOT be considered in finding the resultant vector graphically?
a. use component method c. use ruler and protractor
b. use head to tail method d. use scale
 Lesson
5 Vectors

We come into contact with many physical quantities in the natural world on a daily basis. For
example, things like time, mass, weight, force, and electric charge, are physical quantities with which
we are all familiar. We know that time passes and physical objects have mass. Things have weight
due to gravity. We exert forces when we open doors, walk along the street and kick balls. We
experience electric charge directly through static shocks in winter and through using anything which
runs on electricity.
There are many physical quantities in nature, and we can divide them up into two broad groups
called vectors and scalars.

What’s In

Which of the following contains two vectors and a scalar?

a. distance, acceleration, speed
b. displacement, velocity, acceleration
c. distance, mass, speed
d. displacement, speed, velocity

What’s New

Scalar
A scalar is a physical quantity that has only a magnitude (size).
For example, a person buys a tub of margarine which is labelled with a mass of 500 g. The mass of
the tub of margarine is a scalar quantity. It only needs one number to describe it, in this case, 500 g.
Vectors are different because they are physical quantities which have a size and a direction. A vector
tells you how much of something there is and which direction it is in.

Vector
A vector is a physical quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction.
For example, a car is travelling east along a freeway at 100 km/h. What we have here is a vector called
the velocity. The car is moving at 100 km/h (this is the magnitude) and we know where it is going –
east (this is the direction). These two quantities, the speed and direction of the car, (a magnitude and
a direction) together form a vector we call velocity.
Examples of scalar quantities:
• mass has only a value, no direction
• electric charge has only a value, no direction
Examples of vector quantities:
• force has a value and a direction. You push or pull something with some strength (magnitude) in
a particular direction
• weight has a value and a direction. Your weight is proportional to your mass (magnitude) and is
always in the direction towards the center of the earth.

What is It

Vectors are different to scalars and must have their own notation. There are many ways of writing the
symbol for a vector. In this book vectors will be shown by symbols with an arrow pointing to the right
above it. For example, F⃗, W⃗ and v⃗ represent the vectors of force, weight and velocity, meaning they
have both a magnitude and a direction.
Sometimes just the magnitude of a vector is needed. In this case, the arrow is omitted. For the case
of the force vector:
F⃗ represents the force vector
F represents the magnitude of the force vector

Graphical representation of vectors

Vectors are drawn as arrows. An arrow has both a magnitude (how long it is) and a direction (the
direction in which it points). The starting point of a vector is known as the tail and the end point is
known as the head.
Another common method of expressing directions is to use the points of a compass: North, South,
East, and West. If a vector does not point exactly in one of the compass directions, then we use an
angle. For example, we can have a vector pointing 40° North of West. Start with the vector pointing
along the West direction (look at the dashed arrow below), then rotate the vector towards the north
until there is a 40° angle between the vector and the West direction (the solid arrow below). The
direction of this vector can also be described as: W 40° N (West 40° North); or N 50° W
(North 50° West).

Downloaded from [Link]

Drawing vectors
In order to draw a vector accurately we must represent its magnitude properly and include a reference
direction in the diagram. A scale allows us to translate the length of the arrow into the vector's
magnitude. For instance, if one chooses a scale of 1 cm = 2 N (1 cm represents 2 N), a force of 20
N towards the East would be represented as an arrow 10 cm long pointing towards the right. The
points of a compass are often used to show direction or alternatively an arrow pointing in the reference
direction.
Vector Addition
Graphical techniques involve drawing accurate scale diagrams to denote individual vectors and their
resultants. We will look at just one graphical method: the head-to-tail method.

What’s More

Activity 1
Categorize each quantity as being either a vector or a scalar.
1. 10 km ____________________
2. 60 km/h South ____________________
3. 40 mi downward ____________________
4. 50 calories ____________________
5. 250 bytes ____________________
6. 500 m/s NE ____________________
7. -9.8 m/s 2 ____________________
8. 1000 kg ____________________
9. 1 hour ____________________
10. 120 m/s SW ____________________

Activity 2
Determine the magnitude and direction of the following vectors using a ruler and protractor. Use the
scale:1 cm = 10 m/s

1. 2.

4. 3.
Activity 3
Accurately draw scaled vector diagram to represent the magnitude and direction of the following
vectors on a graphing paper/ bond paper.
1. 50 m 30 0

Scale: 1cm = 10m

2. 60 m 150 0

Scale: 1cm = 10m

3. 140 m/s 200 0

Scale: 1cm = 20m

4. 120 m/s 240 0

Scale: 1cm = 15m/s

5. 35 m/s 270 0

Scale: 1cm = 5m/s

What I Have Learned

1. A scalar is a physical quantity with magnitude only.

2. A vector is a physical quantity with magnitude and direction.
3. Vectors may be represented as arrows where the length of the arrow indicates the magnitude
and the arrowhead indicates the direction of the vector.
4. The resultant vector is the single vector whose effect is the same as the individual vectors
acting together.
 What I Can Do

Give the magnitude and direction from your house to school. Calculate the resultant vector.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of a vector quantity?

a. acceleration c. volume
b. mass d. temperature

2. Displacement is a
a. base quantity c. scalar quantity
 b. derived quantity d. vector quantity

3. Identify the following quantities as scalar or vector: the mass of an object, the number of
leaves on a tree and wind velocity.
a. vector, scalar, scalar c. scalar, scalar, vector
b. vector, scalar, vector d. scalar, vector, vector

4. If two forces 20 N towards North and 12 N towards South are acting on an object. What
will be the resultant force?
a. 32 N North b. 20 N South c. 32 N South d. 8 N North

5. A student adds two displacement vectors with magnitudes of 3 m and 4 m

respectively. Which one of the following could not be a possible choice for the resultant?
a. 1.3 m b. 3.3 m c. 5 m d. 6.8 m

6. Find the displacement a hiker walks if he travels 9.0 km north, and then turns around
and walks 3.0 km south?
a. 0.5 km c. 6.0 km
b. 3.0 km d. 12.0 km

7. A runway dog walks 0.64 km due N. He then runs due W to a hot dog stand. If the
magnitude of the dog’s total displacement vector is 0.91 km, what is the magnitude of the
dog’s displacement vector in the due west direction?
a. 0.27 km b. 0.33 km c. 0.41 km d. 0.52 km

8. An escaped convict runs 1.70 km due East of the prison. He then runs due North to a
friend’s house. If the magnitude of the convict’s total displacement vector is 2.50 km, what
is the direction of his total displacement vector with respect to due East?
a. 34 SE
0 b. 43 SE
0 c. 47 NE 0 d. 56 NE 0

9. Two vectors A and B are added together to form a vector C. The relationship between the
magnitudes of the vectors is given by A + B = C. Which one of the following statements
concerning these vectors is true?
a. A and B must be displacements
b. A and B must have equal lengths
c. A and B must point in opposite directions
d. A and B point in the same direction

10. Which expression is FALSE concerning the vectors are shown in the sketch?

a. C=A+B b. C + A = -B c. A + B + C = 0 d. C  A + B

11. How to add vectors graphically?

a. put them in line c. put them tip to tip
b. put them tail to tail d. put them tip to tail
12. Which of the following is the definition of vector?
a. a quantity that has only magnitude
 b. a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
c. a quantity that has only one direction
d. a quantity that has magnitude but may or may not have direction

13. Which of the following answer contains two scalar quantities and one vector quantity?
a. mass, displacement, time c. temperature, displacement, force
b. momentum, velocity, acceleration d. time, length, mass

14. A boy walks far 5km along a direction 53 West of North. Which of the following journeys would
0

result in the same displacement?

a. 4km N, 3 km W c. 3 km N, 2 km W
b. 4 km W, 3 km W d. 3 km N, 4 km W

15. Which procedure should NOT be considered in finding the resultant vector graphically?
a. use component method c. use ruler and protractor
b. use head to tail method d. use scale

Additional Activities

A. Draw each of the following vectors to scale. Indicate the scale that you have used. Use graphing
paper, pencil, pen, ruler and protractor.
1. 12 km south
2. 1.5 m N 45 W 0

3. 1 m/s 20 E of N
0

4. 50 km/h
 5. 5 mm
B. Harold walks to school by walking 600 m Northeast and then 500 m N 40° W. Determine his
resultant displacement by using accurate scale drawings.

C. A frog is trying to cross a river. It swims at 3 m/s in a northerly direction towards the opposite
bank. The water is flowing in a westerly direction at 5 m/s. Find the frog's resultant velocity by using
appropriate calculations. Include a rough sketch of the situation in your answer.

D. Adrianne walks to the shop by walking 500 m Northwest and then 400 m N 30° Determine her
resultant displacement by doing appropriate calculations.
References
Tabujara Jr., Geronimo D. K-12 Compliant Worktext for Senior High School General Physics 1.
Manila, Philippines: JFS Publishing Services
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