Lecture 3 – Section and Auxiliary View
MENG1110
Introduction To Mechanical Engineering Design
Lim Chin Guan 1
Sketches Section View
Section views are produced to:
• clarify details
• show internal features clearly
• reduce number of hidden detail lines required
• aid dimensioning
• show cross-section shape
• clarify an assembly
Lim Chin Guan 2
Sketches Section View
To show the inside details of a component it is imagined
to be cut or sectioned along a plane, the cutting plane.
Cutting planes are designated with capital letters, such as
A-A.
Lim Chin Guan 3
Sketches Cutting Plane
The “Cutting Plane” is a flat surface that identifies:
• Which section of the object is to be shown
• The path of the imaginary cut through the object
Lim Chin Guan 4
Sketches Section View
Show figure illustrates
the proper technique
that should be used to
show a section view.
A. A correctly drawn section view
which uses both object and
section lines.
B. An improperly drawn section
view where the hidden lines
have not been replaced with
object lines.
C. A normal multi view
projection of the part.
Lim Chin Guan 5
Sketches Section View
• The arrows indicate the direction to view the
component when defining the sectioned view.
• Note that First or Third angle orthographic projection
systems are still used and are indicated by use of the
appropriate symbols.
1st Angle Projection 3rd Angle Projection
Lim Chin Guan 6
Sketches Hatching Line
• Hatch lines should never be drawn parallel to the edge
of an object.
• Hatching lines is thin and unbroken, angled at 45° to the
base edge.
• The spacing between hatching lines is 5 mm equidistant.
Lim Chin Guan 7
Sketches Hatching Line
• Assembled work pieces are identified by opposite or
varied shading.
• Section areas of one object are always shaded in the
same direction.
• The smaller the section area the closer the shading lines.
Lim Chin Guan 8
Sketches Sectioning Exceptions
There are some exceptions
to the general rules of
sectioning:
• Webs, Ribs
• Shafts, Keys, Rods, Spindles
• Bolts/Nuts, Washers
• Rivets, Dowels, Pins
These parts would not be
shown as sections if their
center lines lie on the cutting
plane.
Lim Chin Guan 9
Sketches Sectioning Exceptions
Shaft and Web Sections
Lim Chin Guan 10
Sketches Full Section
A Full Section view shows the object as if one half of the
object was removed.
Lim Chin Guan 11
Sketches Half Section
A Half Section view is used to show the object as if one
quarter of the object was removed.
Lim Chin Guan 12
Sketches Broken Section
A Broken Section view is used to show the material
thickness of a hollow object, but less than half section.
Lim Chin Guan 13
Sketches Offset Section
A Offset Section use a cutting plane that jogs to pick up
valuable features of the part.
Lim Chin Guan 14
Sketches Assembly Section
An Assembly Section is used to show the arrangement
and relationship of parts that makeup an object.
Lim Chin Guan 15
Sketches Terminology
Here are some examples of commonly used engineering
components and features of components.
• Housing/Bush/Bearing
• Boss/Curved Slot
• Ribs/Fillets
• Keys/Key way
• Bolts, screws & studs
• Screw Threads
• Holes
Lim Chin Guan 16
Sketches Terminology
• Housing
A component into
which a 'male' mating
part fits, sits or is
'housed'.
• Bush/Bearing
A removable sleeve or
liner. Known also as a
simple or plane
bearing.
Lim Chin Guan 17
Sketches Terminology
• Boss
A cylindrical projection
on surface of
component.
• Curved Slot
Elongated hole, whose
centerline lies on an
arc. Used usually on
components requiring
adjustment.
Lim Chin Guan 18
Sketches Terminology
• Ribs
A reinforcement,
positioned to stiffen
surfaces.
• Fillets
A radius or rounded
portion suppressing a
sharp internal corner.
Lim Chin Guan 19
Sketches Terminology
• Key
A small block or wedge
inserted between a shaft
and a mating part (a hub).
Used to prevent relative
rotation of the two parts.
• Key way
A parallel sided slot or
groove cut into a bore or a
shaft, to 'house' a mating
key.
Lim Chin Guan 20
Sketches Standard Components
• Bolts, screws & studs
Threaded fasteners.
Bolts have a shank
partially threaded,
whereas screws are
threaded along the
entire length.
Lim Chin Guan 21
Sketches Terminology
• Screw Threads
Female thread, through: Usually drilled and tapped.
Female thread, blind: Usually drilled and tapped.
Lim Chin Guan 22
Sketches Terminology
• Screw Threads
Male thread: Usually cut with a die, turned or rolled.
Note use of undercut or groove and appearance of
thread in sectioned view.
Lim Chin Guan 23
Sketches Terminology
• Screw Threads
Male & Female: e.g. a fastener in a tapped hole. Note
here that the tapped hole is sectioned, the fastener is
not.
End of thread is
sometimes not
shown with this
angled line.
Lim Chin Guan 24
Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Drilled: Loose tolerance, for pilot holes or clearance
holes for fasteners.
Lim Chin Guan 25
Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Reamed: Accurate finishing process after drilling or
boring.
Lim Chin Guan 26
Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Counterbore: Usually used to recess the head of a
square shouldered fastener.
Lim Chin Guan 27
Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Countersunk: Usually used to recess the head of a
countersink screw.
Lim Chin Guan 28
Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Spotface: Used to clean up and level the surrounding
area, usually for a fastener or something such as a
hydraulic fitting using a seal.
Lim Chin Guan 29
Sketches Other Sections
Curved Cutting Section Revolve Section
Lim Chin Guan 30
Sketches Other Sections
Interposed Section Remove Section
Lim Chin Guan 31
Sketches Auxiliary View
An Auxiliary View is used to determine the true shape of
a surface inclined at an angle to the principal projection
planes.
Lim Chin Guan 32
Sketches Auxiliary View
• Using a folding-line method
• The folding-lines are the hinges of a glass box
Lim Chin Guan 33
Sketches Auxiliary View
• Box is flattened out – note distance X remains
unchanged from the folding-lines
Lim Chin Guan 34
Sketches Auxiliary View
• In practice we do this:
Lim Chin Guan 35
Sketches Auxiliary View
• Technique to create auxiliary views:
Lim Chin Guan 36
Sketches Auxiliary View
• Views can be positioned as a projected view, a removed
view or as a rotated and removed view.
Lim Chin Guan 37
Sketches Section/Auxiliary View
• Try yourself
Lim Chin Guan 38
The End
MENG1110
Introduction To Mechanical Engineering Design
Lim Chin Guan 39