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Overview of Psychological Perspectives

1. The document outlines a psychological perspectives table that identifies schools of thought, proponents, and key theories. It includes perspectives such as psychodynamic psychology, humanistic psychology, biopsychology, cultural-historical psychology, behavioral psychology, and cognitive psychology. 2. The table provides information about major figures like Freud, Maslow, Descartes, Vygotsky, Skinner, and Piaget and theories like the id/ego/superego model, hierarchy of needs, operant conditioning, and stages of cognitive development. 3. The document tests the reader's knowledge by having them fill in missing information in the perspectives table.

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Shiela Borling
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
82 views13 pages

Overview of Psychological Perspectives

1. The document outlines a psychological perspectives table that identifies schools of thought, proponents, and key theories. It includes perspectives such as psychodynamic psychology, humanistic psychology, biopsychology, cultural-historical psychology, behavioral psychology, and cognitive psychology. 2. The table provides information about major figures like Freud, Maslow, Descartes, Vygotsky, Skinner, and Piaget and theories like the id/ego/superego model, hierarchy of needs, operant conditioning, and stages of cognitive development. 3. The document tests the reader's knowledge by having them fill in missing information in the perspectives table.

Uploaded by

Shiela Borling
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Assessment Task No.

The Psychological Perspectives

Direction: Identify and fill in the missing information in the table provided
below based on the given clues, it can either be a specific school of
thought/perspective, a proponent and or the theory or concept. Each correct
answer is one point.
School of thought/ Proponent/ Psychologist Theory, Concept and or Description
Perspective

1. Psychodynamic 2. Sigmund Freud His structural model of personality


psychology Perspective divides the personality into three parts
—the id, the ego, and the superego
3. Humanistic Abraham Maslow 4. Conceptualization of a hierarchy
Psychology of human needs – created a
visual, which he termed
“Hierarchy of Needs”. This
pyramid depicts various level of
physical and psychological needs
that a person progress.
5. Biopsychology 6. Rene Descartes This philosopher suggested that the
Perspective pineal gland, a midline unpaired
structure in the brain of many
organisms, was the point of contact
between mind and body

Cultural-Historical 7. Lev Vygotsky 8. Theory focuses on how aspects of


Psychology culture, such as values, beliefs,
customs, and skills, are transmitted
from one generation to next.
9. Humanistic Psychology 10. Rollo May Existentialism
11. Behavioral perspective 12. B.F Skinner He saw human behavior as shaped by
Psychology trial and error through reinforcement
and punishment, without any reference
to inner conflicts or perceptions.

13. Cognitive Development Jean Piaget 14. Focused on children’s cognitive


Psychology growth - his stage theory of cognitive
development.
Social Psychology/Gestalt 15. Kurt Lewin 16. Instrumental In developing the field
Psychology as something separate from the
behavioral and psychoanalytic schools.
17. Humanistic Psychology 18. Carl Rogers The person-centered approach, in which
the relationship between therapist and
client is used to help the patient reach a
state of realization, so that they can
then help themselves.

19. Carl Jung 20. His central concept of analytical


Psychodynamic Psychology psychology is individuation – Created
Perspective some of the best-known psychological
concepts, including the archetype,
collective unconscious, complex, and
synchronicity.
21. 22. Donald Broadbent He integrated concepts from human-
Cognitive performance research and the recently
developed information theory in his
Psychology book Perception and Communication,
which paved the way for the
information-processing model of
cognition.

23. Edward Lee Thorndike 24. American Psychologist whose work on animal
Developmant in behavior and the learning process led to the “law of
Behaviorism- Behavioral effect”.
Psychology

25. 26. His theory was based on his investigations of patients


suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis. Hysteria was
an ancient diagnosis that was primarily used for
Development in Sigmund Freud women with a wide variety of symptoms, including
Behaviorism – Behavioral physical symptoms and emotional disturbances with
Psychology no apparent physical cause.

27. 28.
Behavioral Psychology B.F Skinner & John B. Operant Conditioning & Classical
Perspective Watson Conditioning
29. Alfred Adler 30. His theory suggested that every
Psychodynamic Psychology person has a sense of inferiority. From
Perspective childhood people work toward
overcoming this inferiority by “ Striving
of Superiority”.

Assessment Task No. 7

MIND MAP
Directions: Create a mind map using the space provided below, showcasing the connections
between the self and how it is viewed from the different perspectives; the philosophical
perspective, the psychological perspective and the cultural perspective. Write at least a two
paragraph statement to conclude, your mind map and its different properties. Please refer to
the Mind map Rubric located in the next page, to know the criterion on how you will be
graded.

PERSPECTIVES

Cognitive Perspective states that


language development occurs as the
child matures. Nature plays a role in the
language development according to the
Interactionist Perspective states children learn
language through communication. Children
develop language naturally, without much effort.
Bloom and Tucker are researchers for this
perspective. Vygotsky is a theorists for this
perspective. According to this perspective,
children do not always rely on other people to
learn language skills. They learn them naturally.

Nativist Perspective states children are


born with the ability to develop Behaviorist Perspective states children learn
language. Children are born develop their through nurture. Children learn through the
culture’s language. Learning language people they associate with. They learn language
skills comes naturally to children under skills by watching and listening to the people
this perspective. Linguist Noam Chomsky around them. The theorist for this is John Locke.
is the theorist for this perspective.

Assessment Task No. 8

The Positive
Aspects Of My Life
My mom told me that life is going to be like a roller coaster, with many ups
and downs, but how I deal with this ride, is what will make me who I am. So, I
am a 20-year-old girl of heart who was born and raised in Upper, Media Once,
Toledo City. I am the youngest of three brothers and have many cousins that
are as close to me as siblings. Who I am today has mainly been influenced by
two things; where I am from and my family/relatives. I’ve lived in a sitio that
most are relatives, so everyone knows or is at least familiar with each other.
This has made for both positive and negative experiences. One positive
aspect is that the community is very supportive of each other, when
something bad happens to one person or one family the entire sitio will come
together to help.

Who I am right now is because of the many people, memories, moments,


and emotions I have seen and felt. Each of these things defining me and
shaping me into the person I am today, and setting me up for the person I
will become tomorrow. It's been nothing short of a beautiful, but yet rocky
roller coaster ride. There have been times I have felt happiness and laughter,
and times I have endured hardship and sadness, but it has only allowed me
to become the best possible version of myself.

Have you ever looked back and thought about what truly makes you who you
are today? Well, I have and I am a firm believer that being religious has
shaped me into the man I am today. I am who I am today because it taught
me to preserve through the toughest things in life, it has taught me that
nothing ever comes easy in life, and also it has taught me how
to respect and have faith in people.

Assessment Task No. 9

The Socio-Digital Self


Directions: Open any of your social media accounts. Please review your timeline and
screenshot/ screen capture at least 5 of your posts that show the following: Benign
and Toxic Online Disinhibitions. Place a check mark on the column of your choice, if
it is benign or toxic. Why do you think they are benign or toxic? Use the table below
to plot your answers. Kindly refer to Short Answer Rubric to know and understand
what the instructor’s expectation for this activity is and how you will be graded.

POSTS BENIGN TOXIC EXPLANATION


Represents the beauty of nature
and it shows to everyone that we
 should embrace/uphold the
mother nature.

Represents the bad content-crime


and it is toxic literally that shows
 those evidences in the crime
scene.

It also represents a bad content


that threaten the people and also
 use rude language.

It represents love and happiness


for the celebration, and witnessing
the new decade.

It represents a celebration of a
birthday, so it has kindness and
 love.

RATING

VERY GOOD (10-8) It GOOD (7-4) It NEEDS


provides sufficient provides somehow IMPROVEMENT (3-1)
answer including a sufficient answer It provides
specific example with including a general insufficient answer
1 grammatical error. example with less with no example
grammatical errors. given and with
grammatical errors.
P1
P2

P3

P4

P5

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
Directions: Based on the first activity, answer the following questions: Kindly
refer to Short Answer Rubric in the succeeding page for you to know and
understand what the instructor’s expectation for the entry is and how you
will be graded.

1. Which of the posts reflect your real persona? Please explain


 The first picture that I share because it represents the beauty of
nature and upholding and embracing the nature. Also, it is
because I am truly a nature lover and I love to travel all the
beauty of our world. It make me peace and joy.

2. How do you feel about your posts?


 I feel adorable and opinionated because I believe in myself that
I am aware to what’s happening in our world.

3. How does your posts affect you and your relationships? Was it good or
bad? Explain.
 For me it’s neutral because not all the time we are in good
vibes and rough times is part of our life, so we accept it because
that’s the reality.

Assessment Task No.10

Unpacking the Self Aspects, Theories,


and Concepts
Directions: Identify the answers for the statements below by filling in the
spaces provided before each number. Each correct answer is one point.

DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid 1. It is a nucleus acid that contains the genetic


instructions specifying the biological development of every individual.
The Biological Blueprint & Environmental Conditioning 2. The two factors that
contribute to the understanding of the Physical Self.
23 Pairs 3. How many pairs of chromosomes does and individual have?

Genotype 4. Refers to the specific information embedded within genes; not all
genotypes translate to an observed physical characteristic.

Ecopsychology 5. Is based on a transpersonal and philosophical relationship with


nature, highlighting beliefs and practices that promote and enhance ecological,
personal, and community sustainability.

Benign disinhibition 6. It occurs when people tend to self-disclose more on the


internet than they would in real life or go out of their way to help someone or show
kindness.
Digital Identity 7. These are the characters and roles an individual creates as a
member of a particular social group.

Affinity with nature 8. Can be defined as the ties that bind people and nature
together. It can also mean nature connectedness, defined as the extent to which
individuals include nature as part of their identity.

Your Online Behavior, voice & presentation 9. What are the elements of the Digital
Self?

Spiritual Aspect 10. It is an aspect of the self, characterized to be an ongoing,


personal life journey, contextualized by the belief in a higher being, culture,
relationships, nature, and the discovery of meaning in one’s life.
Myers and His Colleagues 11. He defined Spirituality as a “personal and private
beliefs that transcend the material aspects of life and give a deep sense of
wholeness, connectedness, and openness to the infinite.”

Eco-psychology 12. It is concerned with the fundamental interconnections between


humans and the natural world through a phenomenological and sensorial link, and
the integration of practices based on the notion that direct contact with the natural
world has healing potential.

13. Religiosity is communal while 14. Spirituality is to individual.

Spirituality 15. Is any experience that is thought to bring the experiencer in contact
with the divine; it is not just any experience that feels meaningful.

Assessment Task No. 11

Anguished of the Phenomenon

The year 2020 was a rough changing mode of every aspect of our lives, a
year mother earth greeted us with many catastrophes, including the crash of
Kobe and Gigi Bryant, black panther star Chadwick Boseman died with colon
cancer, Queen L.C died with cardiac arrest, more celebrities/influencer but
the enormous disaster we battling until now is this Covid-19 Pandemic. The
UV Toledo implemented the modular learning mode for the students to start
the school year 2020-2021 in a new normal but through following the
protocols of the government for the safety of the people.
As a freshmen, it is tough for me to adjust to the situation and not only
adjusting the happenings but also understanding the fact that we should
learn on our own way, like a home school student but, the disadvantage is
we do not have a tutor to monitor the progress every day. However, this
subject motivates and inspired me that I should strive hard logically to
understand every topic to answer directly all the assessments. This subject
isn't easy for everyone because there are sometimes tough, and not directly
get the main idea. It is absolutely different when there is a proper teacher
who will teach us a proper discussion about a certain topic.

Thus, the implementation of modular learning mode is exactly new to every


student, all I can do is pray to God that this pandemic we face will disappear
so that we can all return to our normal lives. Hopefully, in this New Year, new
decade, 2021 everything will be normal.

Assessment Task No. 12

MENTAL HEALTH POSTER


Directions: Create a mental health poster that showcases your thoughts, ideas, perceptions and or
experiences about Mental Health. Refer to the rubric on the next page to know your teacher’s
expectations and how you will be graded.

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
Answer the following questions using the space provided below, refer to the
short answer rubric to know the criteria for grading.
1. How does your poster make you feel? Explain.
 It feels relieve and motivated because it represents the way of
throwing all the bad vibes, the pain and the behavioral issues,
that we should erase in our mind and move on.

2. What message do you want your audience to understand when they


see your poster?
 For all the audience this poster shows us that we need to
change and throw away all the mental issues and pains that
cause us to fall, so we must get up and stand firm for everyday
life.

3. What realizations came in to mind, while making or doing this activity?


 My realization must be just firm and just positive really always to
face life.

RATING
VERY GOOD (10-8) It provides GOOD (7-4) It provides NEEDS IMPROVEMENT (3-1)
sufficient answer including a somehow sufficient It provides insufficient
specific example with 1 answer including a answer with no example
grammatical error. general example with given and with grammatical
less grammatical errors. errors.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Common questions

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The interactionist perspective, represented by theorists like Vygotsky, posits that language development occurs through social interaction and communication. Unlike the nativist view, which suggests children have an innate linguistic capability (Chomsky), or the behaviorist approach, which emphasizes learning from the environment (Locke), the interactionist perspective suggests a synergistic role where both social context and intrinsic abilities play critical roles in language acquisition .

Adler's theory, emphasizing the striving for superiority to overcome feelings of inferiority, suggests that psychological resilience is developed through this continuous striving and self-improvement. His focus on social factors and personal growth contributes a dimension to understanding resilience, highlighting the importance of social interest and personal agency in navigating life's challenges .

Rogers' person-centered approach revolutionized therapy by emphasizing the therapist-client relationship and highlighting unconditional positive regard, empathy, and authenticity. This approach implies that by fostering a non-directive, supportive environment, clients are empowered to explore and resolve their problems, promoting self-actualization and personal growth .

Skinner's reinforcement theory diverges from previous stimulus-response models by asserting that behavior is influenced more by the consequences (reinforcements or punishments) following an action rather than antecedent stimuli. This challenged earlier theories by introducing the idea of operant conditioning, highlighting the role of environmental stimuli in shaping behavior without reference to inner psychological states .

Eco-psychology focuses on the interconnection between humans and the natural world, promoting practices that integrate environmental awareness into psychological well-being. By fostering a deeper connection to nature, it aims to enhance individual and community sustainability and well-being, potentially offering novel interventions for mental health issues by addressing nature-deficit concerns and promoting holistic healing .

Freud's structural model divides the human psyche into three parts: the id (instinctual desires), the ego (realistic decision-making), and the superego (moral conscience). These components interact to shape personality and behavior, suggesting that unresolved conflicts among them can result in psychological disturbances, thus providing a basis for understanding psychological development and disorders .

Vygotsky's theory posits that learning is a socially mediated process where knowledge is constructed through interactions within a cultural context. This concept emphasizes the importance of social interactions and cultural tools in cognitive development, implying that educational approaches should integrate cultural and social dynamics into learning experiences to be effective .

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs posits that human motivation is layered in a hierarchy, ranging from basic physical needs to self-actualization. It influences behavioral understanding by suggesting that unmet lower-level needs can hinder the progression to higher-level psychological and self-fulfillment needs. This framework supports the notion that behavior can be influenced by whether these needs are met or unmet .

The socio-digital self concept suggests that individuals adopt roles and characters online, constructing digital identities that can influence and are influenced by social interactions. This duality affects behavior by enabling disinhibition online, where individuals might express aspects of their personality more freely or engage differently from real-world interactions due to anonymity or selective self-presentation .

Broadbent's work synthesized human-performance research and information theory, paving the way for the information-processing model, which conceptualizes cognition as akin to computer operations. His contributions provided a framework where mental processes are understood as sequential stages of processing, crucially influencing modern cognitive psychology's exploration of how information is perceived, stored, and utilized .

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