NEWTON-
RAPHSON
METHOD
NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD
f ( x) = 0
x=a f (a ) f (a ) f (b ) 0
x=b f (b )
x0 (a , b )
f ( x0 )
x1 = x0 −
f ( x0 )
f ( x1 )
x2 = x1 −
f ( x1 )
f ( xk −1 )
xk = xk −1 − , k = 3, 4,5,......etc.
f ( xk −1 )
xk − xk −1 0
𝑌
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥1
𝑥3 𝑋
𝑥2 𝑥0
f ( x0 )
x1 = x0 −
f ( x0 )
f ( x1 )
x2 = x1 −
f ( x1 )
Problem 1: Find the root of the equation x sin ( x) + cos ( x) = 0 ,using Newton-
Raphson method.
Solution : Given that , x sin ( x) + cos ( x) = 0
Hints: Calculator must be in radian Mode.
Let , f ( x) = x sin ( x) + cos ( x)
f ( x) = x sin ( x) + cos ( x)
f ( x) = x sin ( x) + cos ( x)
for , x = 2, then f (2) = 2sin (2) + cos (2)
for , x = 3, then f (3) = 3sin (3) + cos (3)
=1.40 0
= − 0.56 0
So, at least one point lie between 2 to 3
we know that from Newton-Rapshon method ,
f ( xn )
xn +1 = xn − ............(1)
f ( xn )
Sin ce , f ( x) = x sin ( x) + cos ( x)
d d
f ( x) = x sin ( x) + cos ( x) f ( x) = x sin ( x) + cos ( x)
dx dx
f ( x) = x cos ( x) + sin ( x).1 − sin ( x)
f ( xn ) = xn sin ( xn ) + cos ( xn )
d d
f ( x) = x sin ( x) + sin ( x) x − sin ( x)
f ( x) = x cos ( x)
dx dx f ( xn ) = xn cos ( xn )
f ( x) = x cos ( x) + sin ( x) − sin ( x)
= x cos ( x)
So from (1), we get
xn sin ( xn ) + cos ( xn )
xn +1 = xn −
xn cos ( xn )
Now Putting n = 0 and Let , the initial value, x0 = 2.79 in the above equation of (1)
Iteration 1:
x0 sin ( x0 ) + cos ( x0 )
x0+1 = x0 −
x0 cos ( x0 )
2.79sin (2.79) + cos (2.79)
x1 = 2.79 −
2.79 cos (2.79)
= 2.7984
From the above, we get ,
Iteration 2:
x1+1 = x1 −
x1 sin ( x1 ) + cos ( x1 ) x1 = 2.7984 and x2 = 2.79834
x1 cos ( x1 )
x2 x1
x1 sin ( x1 ) + cos ( x1 )
x2 = x1 −
x1 cos ( x1 ) The approximate root is correct to three
2.7984sin (2.7984) + cos (2.7984) decimal places.
= 2.7984 −
2.7984 cos (2.7984) Hence the require root is 2.7984.
= 2.79834
Problem 02: Find the real root of the equation x 2 − 4sin ( x) = 0 correct to four decimal
places using Newton-Rapshon method. Solution
You have to do mode
Solution : on radian to your
calculator
Given that , x 2 − 4sin ( x) = 0
f ( x) = x 2 − 4sin ( x) f ( x) = x 2 − 4sin ( x)
for x = a = 1, then f (a ) = a − 4sin (a)
2
for x = b = 2, then f (b) = b 2 − 4sin (b)
f (1) = (1) − 4sin (1) = − 2.36 0
2
f (2) = ( 2) 2 − 4sin (2) = 0.36 0
Since f (1) and f (2) are of opposite sign , so at least one real root lies between 1 and 2.
we know that from Newton-Rapshon method ,
f ( xn )
xn +1 = xn −
f (x )
let , f ( x) = x 2 − 4sin ( x) f ( x) = x 2 − 4sin ( x)
d 2 d f ( xn ) = x 2 n − 4sin ( xn )
f ( x) = x − 4sin ( x)
dx dx
f ( x) = 2 x − 4 cos ( x) f ( x) = 2 x − 4 cos ( x)
f ( xn ) = 2 xn − 4 cos ( xn )
So we get,
x 2 n − 4sin ( xn )
xn +1 = xn −
2 xn − 4 cos ( xn )
Now Putting n = 0 and Let , the initial value , x0 = − 1.9
For , n = 0, let x0 = − 1.9 For , n =1, and x1 = − 1.93
x 20 − 4sin ( x0 ) x 21 − 4sin ( x1 )
x0+1 = x0 − x1+1 = x1 −
2 x0 − 4 cos ( x0 ) 2 x1 − 4 cos ( x1 )
(−1.9 ) − 4sin (−1.9 )
2 (−1.93) 2 − 4sin (−1.93)
x1 = − 1.9 − = − 1.93 x2 = − 1.93 − = − 1.9338
2(−1.9 ) − 4 cos (−1.9 ) 2(−1.93 ) − 4 cos (−1.93)
The approximate root is correct to two decimal places. Hence the require root is -1.93
