Understanding Rock Types and Properties

This module covers the properties of rocks and their classification. It aims to help students master the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. The module contains lessons and activities to enhance students' understanding of how rocks form and how to identify and classify different rocks based on their properties. After completing this module, students are expected to be able to identify the three rock types, classify rocks, and understand the importance of rocks.

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Understanding Rock Types and Properties

Uploaded by

Kline Bea

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

What I Need to Know
Introduction to Rocks
Learning Activities
Types of Rocks
Practical Activities
Understanding Science Words
Summary and Reflection
Assessment
References

Earth and Life Science

Quarter 1 - Module 4:
Rocks
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the properties of rocks. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course.

The module covers:

• Lesson
1 – Types of Rocks and their Properties
MELC: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. S11/12ES
Ib-10.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the three types of rocks.
2. classify rocks as to igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks;
and
3. appreciate the importance of rocks in our daily life.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Rocks vary in color, size, texture, and shape. They are classified based on how
they were formed. Which of the following deals with the study of rocks?
A. Biology
B. Geology
C. Paleontology
D. Petrology
2. Halite is made when a body of seawater becomes closed off and evaporates and
salt precipitates out and is deposited as crystallized halite. What type of
sedimentary rock is formed?
A. Clastic
B. Chemical
C. Organic
D. Pyroclastic
3. Igneous rock is divided into two groups, extrusive and intrusive. Extrusive
igneous rocks form when magma makes its way to its surface as lava and then
cools, forming rocks. Which will be the characteristics of the crystals?
A. Crystals are coarse grained.
B. Crystals are fine grained.
C. Crystals are very large.
D. Crystals are phaneritic
4. Regional metamorphism occurs due to changes in pressure and temperature over
a large region of the crust. It may happen when rock is buried deep below the
surface or where pieces of the Earth’s crust collide. Which is a metamorphic rock?
A. Breccia
B. Conglomerate
C. Marble
D. Sandstone
5. Igneous and metamorphic rock can be buried and undergo tremendous heating
and stress. What is the process of transformation of one rock type into another?
A. Compaction
B. Lithification
C. Metamorphism
D. weathering
6. What type of rocks are formed from sediments over long period of
time?
A. Igneous Rocks
B. Sedimentary Rocks
C. Metamorphic Rocks
D. Minerals
7. This refers to type of rock that was heated and compressed over
time.
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. All of the above
8. What is the natural process that causes one kind of rock to change into another
kind?
A. Weathering
B. Rock Cycle
C. Sediments
D. Metamorphism
9. A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is termed as:
A. Intrusive metamorphic rock
B. Extrusive sedimentary rock
C. Intrusive igneous rock
D. Extrusive igneous rock
10. Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?
A. Limestone
B. Coal
C. Sandstone
D. Granite
[Link] of the following represents the correct order of the processes responsible
for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
A. Erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition
B. Compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion
C. Deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering
D. Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
12. A student obtained a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is
poured into the sand and allowed to evaporate. The mineral residue from
saltwater solution bonds the sand grains together, forming a material that is
most likely an:
A. extrusive igneous rock
B. intrusive igneous rock
C. metamorphic rock
D. sedimentary rock
13. Which of the following is true about rocks?
A. Rocks are composed of only one mineral.
B. Most rocks are a mixture of minerals.
C. Rocks do not contain minerals.
D. Coal is not considered a rock.
14. What is the type of rock formed from lava that cools quickly that results to
finer grain and smaller size of crystals?
A. Extrusive igneous rock
B. Intrusive igneous rock
C. Sedimentary rock
D. Metamorphic rock
15. Fossils are found on this type of rocks.
A. Extrusive igneous rock
B. Intrusive igneous rock
C. Sedimentary rock
D. Metamorphic rock

Lesson
Rocks
1
Petrology is the scientific study of rocks. Rocks are combined aggregation of minerals.
Petrologist classified rocks based on how they were formed. In general, rocks are
classified as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock.

What’s In

This module contains activities that will enhance the teaching-learning process
among learners about the rocks. It deals with the characteristics of rocks and the
properties exhibited by the rock. As the learner answers the questions, they will be
able to classify and understand the concepts about three types of rocks. They will
understand the process of their formation. Moreover, they will develop awareness on
the importance of rocks to our daily life.

Notes to the Teacher

This module aims to develop learner’s awareness on the
characteristics of rocks and the processes of their formation. This
further develop their skills in classifying the rocks.
What’s New
Activity 1 Word Cryptogram
Directions: Arrange the letters to form the correct words by placing the correct letter
sequence in the shaded box. Then, answer the riddle below by using the
corresponding letters found in the numbered boxes in each item.
E M N I S T D A Y E R

S E D I M E N T A R Y

E M A I H T P C M E R

G E N O S U C O R I K

V A C N I O L

C A S I L T C

6 5

1 2 3 4 5 6
Riddle: the layers of sediments that accumulated and carry the records of the
Earth’s history.

What is It
Earth is a solid rock to a depth of 2,900 kilometers, where mantle meets the liquid
outer core. A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals.
The aggregate minerals forming the rocks are held together by chemical bonds.
Grains can be different in color, texture, and sizes. Geologists then group rocks into
three categories based on how the rocks form: igneous sedimentary and metamorphic
rock. Petrology is the scientific study of rocks. Petrologists classify rocks based on
how they were formed.
Three types of Rocks
Igneous- formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material
that originates deep within the earth.
Two types of igneous rock:
A. Extrusive/Volcanic rock - forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s
surface as lava and then cools. The crystals are very small (fine-grained) since
the cooling process is fast.
B. Intrusive/Plutonic - It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are
created by magma. The intrusive igneous rocks have very large crystals (coarse
grained).
Igneous rocks are classified based on
1. Composition- it refers to rock’s mineral and chemical make-up.
Felsic – igneous rocks that are light in colors, feldspar and silicates
Mafic – dark-colored igneous rocks made up of magnesium, calcium, and
iron
Intermediate – refers to igneous rocks between mafic and felsic composition.
Ultramafic – denotes igneous rocks that composed chiefly of mafic minerals.
2. Texture - overall appearance of a rock based on the size, shape, and
arrangement of interlocking mineral crystals.
Aphanistic – fine-grained rocks with crystals seen by aid of microscope.
Phaneritic - coarse-grained rocks
Porphyritic – large crystals with small crystals
Glassy - a rock that looks like colored glass with no visible mineral crystal.
Pyroclastic- results from explosive fragmentation of volcanic material.
Examples:
Obsidian, pumice, basalt, granite, diorite, gabbro
Metamorphic - forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous,
sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks that have been altered by agents of
metamorphism.
Examples: quartzite, marble, slate, phyllite
Metamorphism - transformation of one rock type into another.
2 types of metamorphism
1. Regional-due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region of the
crust. It may happen when rock is buried deep below the surface of the earth.
2. Contact-the rock minerals and textures are changed mainly by heat due to
contact with magma.

Classification:
[Link] - refers to the size arrangement and grains within the rock. Foliation -
any planar arrangement of mineral grains or structural features within the
rock.
a. Foliated rocks – can be arranged in terms of increasing metamorphism, and
it appeared layered or banded with compressed mineral grains. Example:
mica
b. non-foliated rocks – usually made up of only few minerals.

Sedimentary rocks provide information about surface conditions that existed in

the Earth’s past.
● Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of materials called
sediments, accumulate in layers and over long period of time harden into rocks.
● Compaction-due to increase of pressure of layered sediments it binds together
to form the sedimentary rocks.
Three types of sedimentary rocks
a. Clastic Sedimentary rock - formed from accumulation of clasts: little pieces of
broken rocks and shells. Examples: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, shale
b. Chemical - formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution.
Example: Halite - formed when a body of seawater becomes closed off and
evaporates.
c. Organic - rocks formed from the accumulation of animal debris
Example: Coal - composed of organic matter in the form of plants fragments.
Activity 2: Name It!
Identify and classify the types of rocks below as to igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic rock.

1. ___________________ 2.___________________

3.___________________ 4. ___________________

5. ___________________

Activity 3 Picture Perfect!

Collect at least five rock samples in your place and take a photo of the samples.
Describe the characteristics of each rock depending on their appearance, texture,
color, and layers (or bands). Then classify them as to igneous, sedimentary, or
metamorphic rock. Place the photo of rocks on the box and the needed data on the
space provided.