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Solving Simultaneous Equations

The document contains 3 math word problems involving systems of linear equations. The first problem calculates the cost per roti and patty given costs for combinations. The second problem calculates the cost per math and English book given total costs for different quantities purchased. The third problem calculates the number of 50 cent and 25 cent stamps purchased given a total spending amount. All 3 problems are solved by setting up systems of equations involving the unknown costs/quantities and solving the systems algebraically.

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Sean
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41 views5 pages

Solving Simultaneous Equations

The document contains 3 math word problems involving systems of linear equations. The first problem calculates the cost per roti and patty given costs for combinations. The second problem calculates the cost per math and English book given total costs for different quantities purchased. The third problem calculates the number of 50 cent and 25 cent stamps purchased given a total spending amount. All 3 problems are solved by setting up systems of equations involving the unknown costs/quantities and solving the systems algebraically.

Uploaded by

Sean
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solutions

1) Two rotis and three patties cost $17.50. Furthermore, 4 rotis and 3 patties cost $30.50. What
is the cost per roti, and what is the cost per patty?

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑖


𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑝 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑦

2𝑟 + 3𝑝 = 17.50 (𝑖)
4𝑟 + 3𝑝 = 30.50 (𝑖𝑖)

2𝑟 + 3𝑝 = 17.50
−(4𝑟 + 3𝑝 = 30.50)

2𝑟 + 3𝑝 = 17.50
−4𝑟 − 3𝑝 = −30.50

−2𝑟 = −13

−13
𝑟=
−2

𝑟 = $6.50

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟 = 6.50 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖)


2(6.50) + 3𝑝 = 17.50
13 + 3𝑝 = 17.50
3𝑝 = 17.50 − 13
3𝑝 = 4.50

4.50
𝑝=
3

𝑝 = $1.50
2) A school bought 25 copies of a Mathematics book and 10 copies of an English book which
cost a total of $855. Another school bought 10 copies of the same Mathematics book and 40
copies of the same English book which cost a total of $990. Calculate the cost of one copy
of the Mathematics book, and the cost of one copy of the English book.

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘


𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘

25𝑚 + 10𝑒 = 855 (𝑖)


10𝑚 + 40𝑒 = 990 (𝑖𝑖)

2(25𝑚 + 10𝑒 = 855) (𝑖 )


5(10𝑚 + 40𝑒 = 990)(𝑖𝑖)

50𝑚 + 20𝑒 = 1710


−(50𝑚 + 200𝑒 = 4950)

50𝑚 + 20𝑒 = 1710


−50𝑚 − 200𝑒 = −4950

−180𝑒 = −3240

−3240
𝑒=
−180

𝑒 = $18

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒 = 18 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖 )
25𝑚 + 10(18) = 855
25𝑚 + 180 = 855
25𝑚 = 855 − 180
25𝑚 = 675

675
𝑚=
25

𝑚 = $27
23) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 50 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 25 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡

0.50𝑥 + 0.25𝑦 = 3.50 (𝑖)


𝑥 + 0.125𝑦 = 4.75 (𝑖𝑖)

1(0.50𝑥 + 0.25𝑦 = 3.50) (𝑖)


0.50(𝑥 + 0.125𝑦 = 4.75)(𝑖𝑖 )

0.50𝑥 + 0.25𝑦 = 3.50 (𝑖)


0.50𝑥 + 0.0625𝑦 = 2.375(𝑖𝑖 )

0.50𝑥 + 0.25𝑦 = 3.50 (𝑖)


−(0.50𝑥 + 0.0625𝑦 = 2.375)(𝑖𝑖 )

0.50𝑥 + 0.25𝑦 = 3.50 (𝑖)


−0.50𝑥 − 0.0625𝑦 = −2.375(𝑖𝑖)

0.1875𝑦 = 1.125

1.125
𝑦=
0.1875

𝑦=6

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑦 = 6 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑖 )


𝑥 + 0.125(6) = 4.75
𝑥 + 0.75 = 4.75
𝑥 = 4.75 − 0.75
𝑥=4
𝑥
24) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑦

𝑥+3 4
= (𝑖)
𝑦+3 5

5(𝑥 + 3) = 4(𝑦 + 3)
5𝑥 + 15 = 4𝑦 + 12
5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 12 − 15
5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −3 (𝑖)

𝑥−2 3
= (𝑖 )
𝑦−2 5

5(𝑥 − 2) = 3(𝑦 − 2)
5𝑥 − 10 = 3𝑦 − 6
5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −6 + 10
5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4 (𝑖𝑖)

5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −3 (𝑖)
−(5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4)(𝑖𝑖 )

5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −3
−5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −4
−𝑦 = −7
𝑦=7

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑦 = 7 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖 )
5𝑥 − 4(7) = −3
5𝑥 − 28 = −3
5𝑥 = −3 + 28
5𝑥 = 25

25
𝑥=
5

𝑥=5

5
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠
7
25)

26)

16) nn

Common questions

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Inconsistencies, such as errors in coefficients, lead to contradictions or no solutions. For example, if original conditions do not match derived equations, like (2r + 3p = 17.50 vs a misreported £18), recalculated results won't fit further equations, indicating error, frustrating the solution or requiring constraint reevaluation .

Eliminating variables helps by reducing the system to a single variable equation, making it simpler to solve. For instance, in the roti and patty cost problem, we subtracted one equation from another to eliminate p, leading directly to the solution for r. Once r is known, substitute back to find p, thus permitting solution of both variables .

To deduce the original fraction, use the equations from transformed values: (x+3)/(y+3) = 4/5 and (x-2)/(y-2) = 3/5. Solve these simultaneously: 5(x+3) = 4(y+3) and 5(x-2) = 3(y-2). Simplify to get 5x - 4y = -3 and 5x - 3y = 4. Subtract to find -y = -7, so y = 7. Substituting y = 7 gives 5x = 25, hence x = 5. The original fraction is therefore 5/7 .

To determine the cost of a roti and a patty, use the system of equations: 2r + 3p = 17.50 and 4r + 3p = 30.50. By subtracting the second equation from the first, we find -2r = -13, which simplifies to r = $6.50. Substitute r = $6.50 into the first equation to solve for p: 13 + 3p = 17.50, thus 3p = 4.50 and p = $1.50 .

Rounding introduces precision loss, crucial as small rounding errors can compound in systems, skewing final results. Precise values maintain integrity across equations but approximations might diverge, evident if total calculated costs slightly drift from given amounts due to cumulative minor rounding adjustments .

Common strategies include aligning coefficients to facilitate elimination, using substitution once a variable is isolated, and balancing multi-step mathematical operations to maintain equality. In these examples, strategic equation scaling and systematic subtraction enabled straightforward elimination of variables, highlighting efficiency in solving such systems .

Verification involves plugging the solutions back into the original equations to verify their validity. For instance, with calculated costs of rotis and patties as $6.50 and $1.50 respectively, substitute these back: 2(6.50) + 3(1.50) should equal 17.50, and 4(6.50) + 3(1.50) should equal 30.50. If both check out, the solutions are correct .

To solve for the cost of Mathematics and English books, set up the equations: 25m + 10e = 855 and 10m + 40e = 990. Multiply the first equation by 2, and the second by 5 to align coefficients: 50m + 20e = 1710 and 50m + 200e = 4950. Subtract these to obtain -180e = -3240, thus e = $18. Substitute e = 18 into the first equation: 25m + 180 = 855, leading to 25m = 675, hence m = $27 .

Transforming equations, such as by aligning coefficients through multiplication, simplifies comparison and subtraction for elimination. This is demonstrated in the book cost problem where equations are scaled to equate coefficients, thus eliminating one variable and simplifying the path to a solution for the other .

Given the equations 0.50x + 0.25y = 3.50 and x + 0.125y = 4.75, align by multiplying the second equation by 0.50 to align with the first: 0.50x + 0.0625y = 2.375. Subtract from 0.50x + 0.25y = 3.50 to find 0.1875y = 1.125, leading to y = 6. Substitute y = 6 into x + 0.125y = 4.75, resulting in x = 4 .

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