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Performance Appraisal Research Methodology

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The chapter outlines the methodology used in the study. It describes a quantitative research approach using a descriptive research design to understand employees' perceptions of performance …

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Lerry Avellano
  • Methodology
  • Data Collection and Analysis Techniques
  • Weighted Mean Calculations

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the research subject of the study, the

method of research used by the researcher, instrument and data

gathering procedures, sample and sampling techniques employed and

statistical treatment of data used.

Research Method

The research approach is Quantitative. It seeks to determine

the perception of employees regarding Performance Appraisal and

the effects of it to their performance where they are working, in

terms of their demographic profile.

Research Design

The researchers used the descriptive research and gathering

of data using survey questionnaires. The researchers were able to

gather information regarding the perception of employees in fast

food performance appraisal and the effects of it on their

performance in terms of employees’ demographic.

The Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically

describe a population , situation, or phenomenon. It can answer


what, when, where, and how questions but not why questions Shona

McCombes (2020).

Sample and Sampling Technique

The researchers utilized purposive sampling in choosing the

participants of the study. The participants will be employees in

fast food only and non-managerial employees. The sample

individuals for the study were selected from a different

demographic profile and from different branches of fast food. The

respondents needed are fifty (40) employees in total.

Research Instrument and Techniques

The instrument and techniques that were used in the

collection of data are the following:

First, the researcher floated survey questionnaires which

consisted of three (3) parts using E-Survey: Part I comprises the

respondents’ demographic profile. Part II consists of what is the

respondents’ perception towards performance appraisal in terms

of; Performance Appraisal is: To evaluate employees performance;

To improve employees performance, salaries rate increases, or

bonuses; Basis of employees promotion; It is important in

management to attain a company's goal. Part III contained what is

the effects of that perception on their performance. The


questionnaire used by the researchers were structured such that

the participants simply placed a mark to signify their answers

chosen from a set of criteria/items provided by the researcher

for each question.

Second, the researchers did a validation of the

questionnaire. The researchers prepared draft questionnaires,

which were distributed to the participants of the study. The

retrieved questionnaires were analyzed and adjusted to include

omitted items and simplify the exaggerated ones.

Then lastly, the raw data from survey form will be scored,

tallied, and tabulated.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following tools and techniques were applied to analyze

the data.

1. Frequency Distribution- The data gathered through the

questionnaire were summarized, tallied, tabulated to indicate the

number of responses to a specific question of item in the

questionnaire.

2. Percentage- This was used to determine the fraction of the

sample that has the same factors.


The formula is:

𝑅
%P = × 100
𝑁

Where P- percentage

R - number of responses falling under a particular category

N - total number of participants

The obtained values interpreted using the Likert Scale. The

concept of boundary of numerals is arbitrary presented below:

Range Interpretation

4.51 - 5.00

3.51 - 4.50

2.51 - 3.50

1.01 - 2.50

1.01 - 1.50

3. Weighted Mean based on the data gathered using the five-point

Likert Scale. The formula for weighted is as follows:

Formula:

∑(𝑓×𝑤)
WM = 𝑁

Where:

WM = Weighted mean
∑ = The summation

f = The frequency choice

w = The allocated points

N = The total number of responses

Common questions

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The research instrument, primarily survey questionnaires, provides structured data which were analyzed using statistical techniques such as frequency distribution and percentage analysis. These methods turn qualitative perceptions into quantitative data that can be interpreted using the Likert Scale and weighted mean, ensuring a comprehensive quantitative analysis of subjective employee perceptions .

The study employs the weighted mean to determine an average response while considering the frequency and allocated points from participants' responses within the Likert scale. The weighted mean calculation allows a more nuanced understanding of the central tendency of responses, accounting for the differing levels of agreement or disagreement reflected in the data .

The validity of the survey questionnaire is ensured by preparing draft questionnaires, which are distributed to study participants for feedback. The responses are then analyzed, and the questionnaires are adjusted to include omitted items and simplify exaggerated ones. This iterative process helps refine the instrument before its final use .

The study employs a Quantitative research approach aimed at determining employees' perceptions of performance appraisal and its effects on their work performance, specifically considering their demographic profiles. This approach helps in systematically describing the population, situation, or phenomenon using descriptive research, which can provide answers to what, when, where, and how questions, but not why questions .

The primary purpose of using frequency distribution and percentage is to summarize and present the number of respondents to specific query responses, offering a clear view of the data distribution. Percentage helps indicate the proportion of the sample that has similar responses, facilitating easier communication of statistical findings .

The limitation of a descriptive research design is its inability to answer 'why' questions, meaning it cannot delve into the causal relationships behind employees' perceptions of performance appraisal. Thus, while it systematically describes the phenomena and identifies patterns, it cannot explain the underlying reasons or motivations behind these observed behaviors and opinions .

The study employs purposive sampling, choosing non-managerial employees from various fast food branches, ensuring a focus on a specific partition of the population relevant to the research objectives. However, this technique may limit the generalizability of the findings, as it does not randomly select participants from the broader population, potentially introducing selection bias .

The Likert Scale is significant for analyzing employee perceptions as it provides a quantitative measure for subjective data, allowing a structured response format that can be easily analyzed. This scale aids the researchers in interpreting the perceptions based on predefined numerical boundaries, which helps in preserving consistency and accuracy in the data analysis .

The inclusion of non-managerial employees is significant because it focuses on a group whose performance appraisals heavily impact their job roles and career progression. This group is directly affected by appraisals regarding salary, promotions, and job satisfaction, making their perceptions particularly relevant for understanding appraisal impacts on performance .

The demographic diversity among participants is crucial as it allows the study to capture a wide range of perceptions regarding performance appraisals and their effects. Diverse demographics ensure that results are reflective of various backgrounds, potentially leading to more comprehensive insights. However, this diversity may also introduce variance in responses that are not necessarily tied to performance appraisal perceptions alone, complicating data interpretation .

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter includes the research subject of the study, the method of research used by the researcher,
what, when, where, and how questions but not why questions Shona McCombes (2020). Sample and Sampling Technique The researche
questionnaire used by the researchers were structured such that the participants simply placed a mark to signify their answer
The formula is: %P = × 100 𝑅 𝑁 Where P- percentage R - number of responses falling under a particular category N - total nu
= The summation ∑ f = The frequency choice w = The allocated points N = The total number of responses

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