INSTRUCTOR: GENARO T.
ARDINA, LPT
OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to;
A] Discuss the diagram of the complex and real number system with
their symbols.
B] Identify the correct place value of a number.
C] Solve Problems involving Greatest Common Factor and Least
Common Multiple.
D] Follow the steps effectively in solving GCF and LCM.
DEFINITION
A number without fractions;
An integer;
In mathematics, whole numbers are the basic counting
numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, … and so on.
Complex
THE NUMBER SYSTEM Numbers
Mathematical knowledge Imaginary
should consist of a deep
understanding of number
systems algebraic
structures: the system of
real numbers extended
to the system of complex
numbers.
THE NUMBER SYSTEM
A COMPLEX NUMBER is one of the form 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖, where 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 are
real numbers and 𝑖 = −1 . When 𝑎 =
0, 𝑏𝑖 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟. Thus, complex numbers also
include real numbers.
A RATIONAL NUMBER is one which can be expressed as a quotient of
two integers.
INTEGERS include the natural numbers and their opposites and zero.
Natural numbers are numbers used in counting, while whole numbers
consists of natural number and zero.
The set of positive integers is also called the set of natural numbers also
known as the set of counting numbers.
EXAMPLE
3, 691, 437, 567, 001
Three trillion, six hundred ninety-one billion, four
hundred thirty-seven million, five hundred sixty-seven
thousand, one
PLACE VALUE CHART
EXPANDED NOTATION
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
1.) 9836
= 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟔
2.) 123,456
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟑, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝟎 + 𝟔
HOW?
ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
Round the number 8,769 to the nearest tens.
Solution:
TEST DIGIT
8769 ANSWER:
8769 ≈ 𝟖𝟕𝟕𝟎
ROUNDING
DIGIT
EXERCISE
Directions: Name the Place Value of the digit 3.
1.) 83, 479
2.) 3, 491, 507
3.) 2, 634, 958
4.) 76, 319, 204
5.) 3, 472, 689
EXERCISE
Directions: Write the number in words
1.) 3, 790
2.) 42, 928
3.) 58, 473
4.) 3, 156, 897, 001
5.) 345, 189
EXERCISE
Directions: Write the following numbers in expanded notation.
1.) 24, 567, 900
2.) 2, 000, 001
3.) 189, 456
4.) 234, 567, 290
5.) 923, 879, 005
GREATEST COMMON FACTOR (GCF)
The greatest common factor is the largest factor that two
numbers share.
Let’s find the GCF of 12 and 42. First, we need to make a list of
factors for each number.
12 42
1 x 12 1 x 42
Factors of 12: 2 x 21
2x6
3 x 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,12 3 x 14
4x3 4 x ??
Factors of 42: 5 x ??
1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 6 x 7
42 7x6
Common Factors: 1, 2, 3, 6
Greatest Common Factor: 6
WHAT IS THE GCF OF 18 AND 27?
18 Factors of 18: 27
1 x 18 1 x 27
1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 2x?
2x9
3x9
3x6 Factors of 27: 4x?
4x? 5x?
1, 3, 9, 27 6x?
5x?
Common Factors: 7x?
6x3 8x?
1, 3, 9 9x3
GCF: 9
WHAT IS THE GCF OF 48 AND 60? Factors of 48:
48 60
1 x 48 1 x 60 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16,
2 x 24 2 x 30 24, 48
3 x 16 3 x 20
4 x 15 Factors of 60:
4 x 12 5 x 12
6x8 6 x 10 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12,
15, 20, 30, 60
Common Factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
GCF: 12
USING PRIME FACTORIZATION
•Find the prime factorization of each
number.
•Identify the common factors and
multiply them.
EXAMPLE: GCF OF 27 AND 36
27 36 •Both prime factorizations
have 3x3 in common.
3x9 2 x 18 •Therefore, the GCF is 9.
2x9
3x3
Ans. 3x3
3x3x3 Ans. 2x2x3x3
-
MULTIPLE
A number that is the product of a given number
and a whole number
Example:
LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)
The least number other than zero,
that is a multiple of two or more given
numbers.
Example using List Method:
multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
multiples of 9: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54
The LCM of 6 and 9 is 18.
LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)
There are 3 ways to find the LCM.
A] List the multiples of the numbers
B] Prime Factorization
C] Multiply the numbers times each
other and divide by the GCF.
Example: Find the LCM of 12 and 18
A] LIST METHOD
Multiples of 12 are…
12,24,36,48,60,72,….
Multiples of 18 are…
18,36,54,72,90,108,…
The smallest multiple of the 2 numbers have in
common is the least common multiple.
B] PRIME FACTORIZATION. WRITE DOWN THE
NUMBER THEY HAVE IN COMMON ONLY ONCE, THEN
WRITE DOWN THE LEFTOVER NUMBERS. MULTIPLY
THEM ALL TOGETHER.
12 18
4 2 9
3
3 3
2 2
Numbers in common are 2 and 3
Leftover numbers are 2 and 3
2 x 3 x 2 x 3 = 36
C] DIVIDE BY GCF METHOD
Find LCM of 12 and 18
1st Find GCF – list all factors or use your favorite method.
12 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
18 – 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
2nd Multiply 12 x 18 = 216
3rd Divide 216 ÷ 6 = 36
420 245
10 42 5 49
35
2 5 7 7
6 7
5 7
3 2
Numbers they have in common: 5 and 7
Leftover numbers: 2, 3, 2, 7
Multiply them all together: 5 x 7 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 7 = 2,940
APPLICATION
Samantha has two pieces of cloth. Ben exercises every 12 days
One piece is 72 inches wide and and Isabel every 8 days.
the other piece is 90 inches wide. Ben and Isabel both
She wants to cut both pieces into exercised today.
strips of equal width that are as
wide as possible. How many days will it be
How wide should she cut the until they exercise together
strips? again?