Mapping Human Creativity
H. Zedan, A. Cau
Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf
Software Technology Research Laboratory (STRL)
June 11, 2008
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
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H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Modelling the creative thinking process is both hard and
not new.
Some dismiss the notion that creativity can be described as a
sequence of steps in a model; and while such views are
strongly held they are in the minority.
At least a dozen of models have been proposed during the
past century. Most have a common feature:
they depend on a balance between analytical
and synthetic thinking and usually describe the
creative process as a sequence of phases that
alternate between these states.
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Older models tend to imply that creative ideas result from
subconscious processes, largely outside the control of the
thinker.
Modern models tend to imply purposefulgeneration of new
ideas, under the direct control of the thinker.
The total creative process requires a drive to action and the
implementation of ideas. We must do more than simply
imagine new things, we must work to make them concrete
realities.
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
The Wallas Model for the Process of Creativity (1929)
Preparation (definition of issue, observation, and study)
Incubation (laying the issue aside for a time)
Illumination (the moment when a new idea finally emerges)
Verification (checking it out)
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
The implied theory behind Wallas’ model – that creative thinking
is a subconscious process that cannot be directed, and that
creative and analytical thinking are complementary – is reflected to
varying degrees in other models of creativity.
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
The Directed Creativity Cycle (Paul Plsak, 1996)
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Transitions & Transition Systems
Let Σ be a set of states ,
σi ∈ Σ,
σi : Var → Val
A transition r (sometimes denoted by →r )
is a relation
r ∈ ΣxΣ
Let R be a set s · t. r ∈ R, i.e.,
R ∈ P(ΣxΣ)
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
(Σ, R) is called a Transition System
Clock Knowledge
Var = Clock Var = Knowledge
Val = N Val = k1 , k2 , k3 , ...
→ ti r1 ti+1 =
b (ti+1 = ti + 1) - k2 r2 k3 =
b (k2 = k3 )
→ ti r2 ti+1 =
b (ti+1 ≥ ti ) - k2 r1 k1 =
b (k1 > k2 )
r1 , r2 is a Clock-transition b (k5 ≤ k4 )
- k4 r3 k5 =
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Classic transition systems use fixed relation between states.
Actions are used to label transition.
In our Generalised Transition System, there may be more than one
relation between states.
Actions vary from one relation to another.
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Operators & Functions
For a given transition
σi r σj
St: Σ × Σ → Σ
σi r σj 7→ σi
Et: Σ × Σ → Σ
σi r σj 7→ σj
Knowledge
St(r1 ) = St(r2 ) = k2
Et(r2 ) = k3
Et(r1 ) = k1
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Obviously
[
St(R)=
b St(r )
r ∈R
[
Et(R)=
b Et(r )
r ∈R
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
-transition
For any Σ, an -transition is defined as
∀s ∈ Σ : s ∈ s.
ANY-transition
For any Σ, an Any-transition is defined as
b Σ×Σ
ANY =
(all possible transitions)
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
NULL-transition
For any Σ, a NULL-transition, φ, is
∀σ, r ∈ Σ : ¬(σφr )
ANY is maximal relation
φ is mininmal relation.
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
OR:
→r1 + →r2 =
b {(σi , σj ) : (σi →r1 σj )∨
(σi →r2 σj )}
→r1 + →r2 = {(k2 , k1 ),
(k4 , k5 )}
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
→r1 + →r2 , St(→r1 ) = St(→r2 )∧
→r1 +
e →r2 =
b Et(→r1 ) 6= Et(→r2 )
φ otherwise
Branching
→r1 + →r2 , Et(→r1 ) = Et(→r2 )∧
→r1 + →r2 =
St(→r1 ) 6= St(→r2 )
e b
φ otherwise
Merge
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Sequential
For any Σ and →ri ,
σ1 • →ri •σ2 ; σ3 • →rj •σ4 =
b
σ1 • → •σ → •σ4 , σ = σ2 = σ4
null , otherwise
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Sequential-Path →∗
For any Σ, →∗ is defined as:
→∗ =
b ∈ + → j →∗
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Algebraic Properties
NULL+ →r =→r =→r +NULL
; →r =→r =→r ;
ANY + →r = ANY =→r +ANY
NULL; →r = NULL =→r ; NULL (finite)
NULL∗ =
∗ =
ANY ∗ = T (T = (Σ × Σ)∗ )
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
→r ; (→t + →w ) = (→r ; →t ) + (→r ; →w )
→r +(→t + →w ) = (→r + →t )+ →w
→r ; (→t ; →w ) = (→r ; →t ); →w
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
→∗r = + →r ; →∗r
= + →∗ ; →r
(→t + →r )∗ =→∗t ; (→r ; →∗t )∗
→r1 + →r1 =→r1
PLUS Many More!
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
In our generalised transition system,
we may be interested in
< T , →T > Time
< K , →K > Knowledge
< A, →A > Artifact
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Product
< A, →A > × < B, →B > =
b < A × B, →A × →B >,
→A × →B = {<< a1 , b1 >, < a2 , b2 > |
ai ∈ A, bi ∈ B∧
a1 →A a2 ∧ b1 →B b2 }
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Union
< A, →A > ∪ < B, →B >=< A ∪ B, →A ∪ →B >
Hopping
If A ∩ B 6= φ, then hopping is possible
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Creative System
A creative system < C , →c > is defined as
< C , →C > =
b < T , →T > ×[< A, →A > ∪ < K , →K >]
We need to fin a way to glue transition systems together.
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Behaviours
Given Σ, a behaviour is defined as
B ⊂ (Σ × Σ)∗
Cor. A Path is a singe Behaviour.
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
Creative Process
A creative process is a behaviour.
In fact (Σ × Σ)∗ is a set of all possible creative paths.
(Σ × Σ)∗ and any of its subsets, each is Tumbleweed.
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
The Hugill Creativity Map!
K = Reading , Contemplate, Inspiration
A = Experimenting , Creating
T = 40 minutes
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity
[T = 40][R; (C |I |E )]
H. Zedan, A. Cau Keno Buss and Sascha Westendorf Mapping Human Creativity