Pre – Writing Process

Creating
Brainstorming
Clustering Writing Reading and
Freewriting
Thesis Writing Draft
Statement Outlines
Objective

• To use topic and sentence outline in

selecting and organizing information.
 Pre – Writing Process

Generate Organize
your
Ideas ideas
Why do you need to think of the
organization of the paper?
Coherence in writing is the logical bridge
To achieve coherence
between words, sentences, and
paragraphs. Coherent writing uses
devices to connect ideas within each
sentence and paragraph.

O U T L I N E
OUTLINE IN COMPARISON

BLUE PRINT
Music sheet
 Think of other
things you can
compare to an
outline’s purpose.
Warm-UP

Outline
 OUTLINE

Summary Shows how

that gives the the parts of a
essential text are
features of a related to
text one another
 Sample Essay Outline
Competitive Swimming, an Ideal Sport for Kids
Thesis Statement: Swimming is a sports beneficial for kids because it develops
their the physical, social and mental abilities.
I. Competitive swimming provides same benefits as other sports
A. It is good exercise and builds muscular strength
B. It promotes cooperation among team members, especially in relays
II. Competitive swimming provides some additional benefits
[Link] is an important skill that can be used forever
B. There is a reduced risk of injury
[Link] swimmer can easily chart his or her own progress
III. My personal experience as a competitive swimmer
A.I enjoy working with my coach
B. I've made a lot of friends on the swim team
2 Kinds of Outlines

[Link] Outline
[Link] Outline
Reading Outline

- used to get the main ideas of a text that is

already written

- you need to find the text’s thesis statement

and supporting details
 Steps in creating a reading outline:
1. Read the entire text. Skim the text afterwards.
Purpose: to have an overview of the reading text
2. Locate the main ideas in the essay.
- look at the title
- look for the heading ( if any)
- look for information
Purpose: to identify what the text is talking about
3. Look for key phrases in the each paragraph.
4. Locate the topic sentence of each paragraph.
5. Group together topic sentences with their related ideas together.
6. Arrange contents of the reading according to levels.
Level – refers to the number of ranks in
the hierarchy of information in the
reading.
 Sample Research Paper Outline
The Conquest of Mt. Everest
I. Introduction
First level
II. Background Information
A. Location of Mt. Everest
B. Geography of the Surrounding Area second level
C. Facts about Mt. Everest
1. Height of the mountain
third level
2. How the mountain was named
[Link] XV
[Link] (Tibetan name) fourth level
[Link] (Nepalese name)
3. The number of people who have climbed Everest to date
II. Major Explorers Covered in this Paper
A. Sir Edmund Hillary
1. First to reach the summit (1953)
2. Led a team of experienced mountain climbers who worked
together
[Link] Norgay and the Sherpas
1. Norgay was an experienced climber and guide who
accompanied Hillary
2. Sherpas still used to guide expeditions
C. Rob Hall
1. Leader of the failed 1996 expedition
2. Led group of (mainly) tourists with little mountain climbing
experience
Activity: Construct a reading outline
for the given text
 Protecting the Environment
by Branko
Every company should invest in our environment. We live in a time when the environment is in
danger, so it is important to protect it. We need a healthy environment in order to survive, so we must
protect it. We need to protect the environment now to help prevent health problems, to maintain the
ecosystem, and to preserve the Earth for our children.
Pollution from factories and cars can cause damage to the environment. It makes the air dirty.
Breathing this dirty air causes health problems, particularly for children and the elderly. Pollution not only
increases spending on health care, but also decreases working ability. We need to control the amounts of
pollution we produce in order to prevent health problems.
We also need to pay attention to the ecosystem. Plant life, animal life, and people all depend on
each other. An unhealthy environment disturbs this ecosystem. For example, changes in the environments
might cause a certain kind of plant to die. If that plant is food for a certain kind of animal, the animal will die
too. If people use that animal as food source, there could be big problem. To avoid the big problems,
factories should pollute as little as possible and use natural resources rationally.
If we do not protect our environment it will continue to get worse and our children will suffer the
consequences. The air and water will be dirtier, natural resources will become scarcer, and more plants and
animals will die. Our children won’t have as much natural beauty to admire. Even worse, their well-being will
be threatened.
Without clean air to breathe, a healthy ecosystem, and a future for our children, the human race
will not survive. That is why protecting our environment is important. If we have a healthy environment not
only the company is going to make a profit but also workers, customers and community.
Topic: ______________________________
Audience: __________________________
Purpose:____________________________
Point-of-View:_______________________
Topic: Protecting the Environment
Audience: Community
Purpose: to inform and to persuade
Point-of-View: First Person
 Outline:
Protecting the Environment
Thesis Statement: We need to protect the environment to help prevent
health problems, to maintain the ecosystem, and to preserve the Earth for
our children.
I. The effects of pollution from factories and cars
A. Makes the air dirty
B. Increases the spending in health care
C. Decreases working ability
II. Paying close attention to the ecosystem
A. The effects of changes in the environment
III. The consequence of pollution
A. Air and water will be dirtier
B. Natural resources will become scarcer.
C. Plants and Animals will die.
Writing Outline – skeletal overview of
your draft, which contains your
fundamental points and the different
ideas that support them.
Benefits of a Writing Outline

[Link] shows if your ideas fit to the

central idea of the topic.
2. It determines the boundaries of the
draft.
When, in the process
of writing, should an
outline be written?
Yes!!!!
1. You can sort out all your
ideas.
2. You can save time from
problems in content
organization and revision.
Should the outline be
strictly followed all
throughout the writing
process?
Not Necessarily!!!
Just understand that the
outline is a writing aid that will
show you how to present your
points from start to end.
Scratch Outline – a simple list of ideas
that take the form of words and
phrases.

Sentence Outline – uses sentences to

define the subject matter.
Guide Questions:

What is the difference

between a reading outline
and a writing outline?
Guide Questions:

How does outlining my

essay improve the
organization of my
thought?
Guide Questions:

How does outlining make

my writing work more
efficient?
Construct a writing outline for your
article/essay.