Feeder Automation - AF2000

Technical Information and Application Guide

ABB Power Distribution

Contents
Technology Review

A review of distribution/feeder automation, the importance of the

recloser, protection philosophy, power quality, the single phase trip
3
application and materials.

Product Description

A detailed description of ABB’s AF2000 family of distribution and

automated feeder products. This section describes the specific features,
15
functions and benefits of VR-3S Recloser, PCD2000, Loop Control,
VS-3S Switch, SCD2000, ISD2000 and DCD2000.

Technical Specifications

Tables and diagrams detailing the ratings, tolerances and dimensions of 35

ABB’s AF2000 family of products.
 Technology Review

Technology Review

Introduction ............................................................................................................4

Protection Philosophy and System Design ...........................................................6

Communications Capabilities................................................................................8

Power Quality .........................................................................................................9

Reclosing Applications ...........................................................................................11

Environmental / Material ......................................................................................13

3
Technology Review

Introduction: What is Distribution Automation is the ability to remotely monitor and con-
Distribution/Feeder trol the distribution network, collect information, and provide infor-
mation in a useful manner to the users. Distribution Automation
Automation? provides a building block for protection, control and monitoring of
the distribution system. The definition for feeder automation varies
from utility to utility. Some utilities refer to distribution automation
as feeder automation, while others may refer to it as substation auto-
mation.

Distribution Automation products are designed for interoperability

and rapid automation implementation. These products provide Su-
pervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) interface
and enable feeder automation with or without communications.
Feeder automation products help to strengthen existing distribution
systems and provide a strong foundation for building a fully imple-
mented feeder scheme in the future.

Drivers for Feeder Automation Feeder automation products are a powerful tool for improving cus-
tomer service and reducing operation costs. Solutions not only have
to be justified based on hard benefits, which are measurable to the
bottom-line (e.g., deferred or eliminated capital expenditures, re-
duced operating and maintenance costs, increased Kwh sales), they
must also satisfy the need of less tangible benefits. Feeder automa-
tion products and system solutions can be incrementally integrated
and scaled within existing utility feeder infrastructures.

Feeder Automation

A summary of benefits of feeder automation

include:
• Early detection and correction of abnormal
line conditions
• Reduced frequency and duration of service
interruption
• Remote control and automatic restoration
• Improved dispatcher decision-making and
field manpower savings
• Reduction of customer cost-of-outage
• Targeted regions or customers for improved
reliability and operation

4
 Technology Review

Distribution Systems The foundation of Distribution Automation is the Recloser. Reclos-

ers have been around for over 30 years and have always been con-
sidered one of the “workhorses” of distribution system overcurrent
protection. They were originally used not to increase reliability, but
because the feeder breaker could not reach to the end of the feeder.
Reclosing was normal for almost all utilities since lines were over-
head and most temporary faults could be cleared by the recloser be-
fore the fuse operated.

The changing environment in the utility world has increased the

need for cost efficient operations, increased reliability and an em-
phasis on the quality of power delivered. The recloser, an old
trusted technology, will play a significant role in meeting the needs
of today’s utility customers.

There are three aspects of an electric utility power system that help
to determine the role of control devices in a distribution automation
system.

1. Normal operation
2. Prevention of electrical failure
3. Reduction of the effects of electrical failure

Normal operation may involve capital expenditure to build the in-

frastructure of a distribution automation system. At the time of this
writing, a majority of electric utilities are involved in deregulating
their power system. As few as ten years ago, many electric utilities
consisted of a combination of generation, transmission and distribu-
tion. Now with the unbundling of electric utilities, a majority of
them have concentrated their resources on distribution. The main
reason can be attributed to maintaining ownership of the electric
revenue meters. Revenue meters are as the name implies: a constant
source of revenue. They rotate on a jewel everyday and every time
the black mark on their dial turns, an electric utility is generating
more revenue. Therefore, these electric utilities must take whatever
precaution is necessary to insure that power is always delivered
throughout their distribution system. Once delivered, power must
operate normally, and generate revenue for the electric utility.

Distribution systems are extremely important to the success of an

electric utility. Without distribution systems maintaining normal
operation, an electric utility may stand to lose its position in the
electric power industry and be bought by another stronger electric
utility. There are numerous examples of this occurring in the market
every week. The single most important objective for mergers is to
gain access to the revenue meters located throughout a power sys-
tem which are like cash registers, continually spinning, making
money for the electric utility.

5
Technology Review

Protection Philosophy A municipality was experiencing numerous outages at various loca-

and System Design tions in the city. The disturbances were being blamed on squirrels
and birds that climbed onto the distribution lines and pole mounted
Feeder Automation Example equipment. These animals were causing faults that resulted in nu-
merous interruptions to entire city blocks of customers. This area
Typical Scenario had protection from faults by using standard breakers with electro-
mechanical time over current relays. These interruptions were af-
fecting many key customers at an industrial park and at an office
park where members of the city council operated their respective
businesses.

The municipality had been investigating the possibility of installing

a centrally controlled distribution automation system for the past
five years, but were apprehensive in committing to such a system
due to the cost. The municipality visited other utilities that had simi-
lar problems and found that the traditional point-to-point wiring be-
tween the controller and the RTU was both expensive and difficult
to maintain. Adding to their dilemma was concern that if they were
to make a capital expenditure on such equipment it may be difficult
to maintain and impossible to advance into future technological
developments.

They had to find the right solution with a combination of equip-

ment, system integration, communication and software to install on
eight reclosers and sixteen sectionalizers. The municipality identi-
fied five main requirements that an inexpensive distribution automa-
tion solution would provide:

• Elimination of the squirrel and bird caused outages

• Remote monitoring and control
• Ability to address multiple communication points throughout
the city
• Service their customers by providing information to identify
and explain outages
• Effective energy management to gain load profiling for future
expansion

Solution By choosing feeder automation products, the municipality will re-

ceive a total automation solution minimizing their operating and
maintenance costs. The municipality will accomplish all five of
their main goals and through the metering and operations events,
gain more useful information throughout their distribution system.

The distribution automation system illustration shows the typical

configuration with: automated equipment on each feeder, a commu-
nications node, protective relays in the substation, protective relays
in additional substations, and software to view information from the
feeder and substation equipment.

6
 Technology Review

The distribution automation in Substation #1 illustrates two reclos-

ers, two switches, and one tie switch monitored for feeder restora-
tion. The substation contains three protective relays. The distribu-
tion automation illustrated in Substation #1 can be installed in the
same configuration for Substations 2, 3, and 4. All protective relays
and their respective control devices were connected to an analog
line back to the communications software for remote substation and
feeder control/monitoring and remote recloser/switch settings con-
figuration.

User Applications

User Applications

Substation 2
PCD2000?
?

Power RICH System

PowerRich 9
modem
Or
WinPCD
Analog Substation 3
Phone Substation 1
DPU2000R
Line ABB PCD 2000
t

t DPU
t
t

2000R

DCD2000
ABB

RTU ?
?

10
modem
Scada/DMS
1 2
t t

t t
t

Substation 4
DPU
t
2000R
t ABB
t

DPU 2000R
DPU2000R
?
5 ? t t
?

3 ?
?
t DPU
t
2000R
ABB

11
modem

?
?
8 ?
?

4 6

7
Technology Review

Communications Feeder automation applications have employed a variety of combi-

nations of communication mediums, power line carriers, telephones,
Capabilities pilot circuits, dedicated or trunk VHF/UHF radios, fiber optic ca-
bling in overhead wires, and cellular telephone dial-up modems.
The most advantageous and popular is radio.

Rapid advances in wireless, cellular and satellite systems will soon

provide cost effective solutions for enterprise connectivity.

Components of Distribution Automation

Components of Distribution Automation

Off-Line Analysis
Real-Time
Control

Communications t

t
DPU

t
2000R t
ABB

Substation

Feeders
PICKUP
PHASE
GROUND

REMOTE ENABLE
t

GROUND BLOCK
ALTERNATE PU t
t

SEF ENABLE
C
RECLOSE BLOCK
t

t
PROG 1
PROG 2 l

STATUS
0

8
 Technology Review

Power Quality Power quality is an important consideration in designing any power

system. Distribution systems are especially vulnerable to power
quality problems. These problems should be taken into account
when selecting and purchasing equipment. Power quality issues
may be more pronounced in the US market than in the European
market because of the different nature of the two systems. Distances
for power delivery, density of loads, and customer concentrations
are among the aspects that differ. Power quality problems include:

• voltage sags and swells

• momentary interruptions
• harmonics (harmonic current and/or harmonic voltages)

Voltage Sags Voltage sags and swells are associated with a large motor starting or
fault events in the power system. Faults on adjacent or neighboring
circuits can result in low voltage (sags) to a customer, resulting in
equipment misoperation. These events can last from a few millisec-
onds to more than a second, and can be single or three phase. De-
pending on the design of the distribution system, a ground fault on
one phase can cause a simultaneous swell on another phase.

Momentary Interruptions Momentary interruptions are defined as power interruptions to a

customer lasting less than 5 minutes (interruptions lasting longer
than this are defined as “sustained interruptions”). Momentary inter-
ruptions are usually the result of temporary faults on the feeder such
as tree contact, lighting, and animals. Momentaries are generally
more severe to a customer than sags since there is complete loss of
voltage.

Harmonics Reclosers and other automation products have the ability to monitor
harmonics and bring dangerous levels to the attention of the utility
before they cause customers to experience problems. Harmonics are
caused primarily by non-linear loads. The nature of non-linear
power equipment causes a perfect sinusoidal 50/60 Hz voltage
waveform to have currents containing other frequencies. Non-linear
power equipment includes saturated transformers (including instru-
ment transformers), motors, and generators, but is primarily associ-
ated with power electronics. The act of triggering or switching a
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), a diode, an Insulated Gate Bipo-
lar Transistor (IGBT), or a Gate Turn-Off device (GTO), is in prin-
ciple a non-linear operation. Power electronics devices such as Vari-
able Speed Drives (VSDs) can sometimes exhibit a high level of
harmonics, often more than 100% Total Harmonic Distortion
(THD). In the case of VSDs, this level of harmonics varies with the
selected rpm of the motor and mechanical load on the shaft.

Harmonics are unwanted events in distribution systems. They can

cause excessive heating and damage to neutral connections and ca-
bles, and can saturate instrument transformers. Harmonics may also
precipitate from the original location of the non-linear equipment to
other locations like feeders and loads. They also may cause false

9
Technology Review

tripping or malfunctioning of equipment, false readings from the

CTs and VTs especially sensitive relays, computer loads, other
VSDs, and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).

Mitigation of Power There are a variety of power quality problems which include such
Quality Problems things as sags, swells, surges, harmonics, interruptions, flickers, etc.
An automated system has the ability to monitor these problems as
well as the effectiveness of any mitigation practices. Some of the
problems and mitigation techniques which might be evaluated as
follows:

Problem Solution
Sags High speed transfer switch
Surges Lightning Arrester
Harmonics Filter
Interruptions Reclosers

Power Quality Indices In today’s utility environment, distribution system reliability is

becoming more and more important. There are several indices
developed for reliability of service which utilities are keeping track
of and are accountable for. Of these, there are two well-known
indices, the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI),
and the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI).

Most utilities are measured by the Public Utilities Commission to

assure they meet a minimum requirement with respect to SAIFI and
SAIDI. However, these indices do not take into account
momentary interruptions and storm induced outages. Therefore, two
new indices have been introduced, called Momentary Average
Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI) and Storm Average
Interruption Duration Index (STAIDI). There have been discussions
regarding performance based rates, which will make system
reliability of major importance to utilities.

Power Quality Indices Measure Performance

System Average Interruption Frequency Index (sustained interrup-

SAIFI tions). Designed to give information about the average frequency
of sustained interruptions per customer over a predefined area.
(Typical = 96 min/yr.)
System Average Interruption Duration Index. Commonly referred
SAIDI to as Customer Minutes of Interruption or Customer Hours, and is
designed to provide information about the average time the cus-
tomers are interrupted. (Typical = 1.2 interruptions/yr)
Momentary Average Interruption Event Frequency Index. Records
MAIFI momentary outages caused by successful reclosing operations of
the feeder breaker or line recloser. This index is very similar to
SAIFI, but it tracks the average frequency of momentary interrup-
tion events. (Typical = 6 interruptions/yr)

10
 Technology Review

Reclosing Applications Single phase operation, or “Single Phase Tripping” on a three phase
recloser is an advantageous feature for utilities that have rural or
Single Phase residential loads. The obvious benefit is the ability to reduce un-
necessary three-phase interruptions and outages due to single phase
faults by a factor of 2/3. This yields much greater overall customer
satisfaction, while minimizing revenue billings lost.

Single Phase Tripping In the following example, a three phase line is protected by a re-
Application closer, and a fault occurs as shown on phase A. Assuming the fault
is permanent in nature, with a conventional three phase recloser, the
unit will trip two fast operations, and then two slow operations.
Since there is no fuse between the recloser and the fault, this means
that all the customers will have 3 interruptions and then an outage
until the fault is manually cleared and the recloser closed.

With the Single Phase Tripping option in a recloser, you can

program the control device to trip on A phase only, through the fast
and slow curves, and lockout on that phase only. This means that
customers on A and B phase will not see any interruptions. If the
utility has determined that it is not preferable to lockout on one
phase, the control device can be programmed to lockout on three
phases. The control device can even be programmed to trip on a
single phase up to a certain demand current (integrated over time)
and switch to a three phase only mode if the current exceeds this
threshold.

Single Phase Tripping

11
Technology Review

Single Phase Tripping Features The single phase tripping option is designed to be very flexible in
order to meet virtually all customers needs. The following describes
the specifics of single phase tripping operation:

Three global modes are available:

1. Three phase tripping
2. Single phase tripping OPUP
3. Single phase tripping OOAP

Three phase tripping mode operates in the same way as a unit with-
out single phase tripping operation.

Single phase tripping is where only the detected phase or phases

will trip when sensing current is detected.
• OPUP mode means only picked up phases are tripped,
any phases with normal conditions stay closed.
• OOAP mode means one or all phases. This is where if
two phases sense an abnormal condition then all three
phases are tripped.

Each of the four phase overcurrent protective elements (one slow

(51P), and three fast (50P-1, 50P-2 & 50P-3)) can be individually
configured to trip single or three phase.

Each step of the reclose cycle can be individually configured to sin-

gle or three phase trip or lockout. Two common examples would be:
• The recloser is set up to trip on single phase and lock-
out on all three phases if fault is permanent.
• The recloser is set up to both trip and lockout on single
phase.

Operation counters are recorded on a per phase basis. Each open

phase will be shown on the control Human-Machine Interface
(HMI) as “OPEN”. The recloser can be manually opened on either a
three phase or single phase basis (through the HMI). The recloser
can be programmed to trip either single or three phase depending on
demand kW if voltage transformers are used. The primary and two
alternate protection groups can be set up independently to allow
quick reconfiguration between single and three phase tripping.
There is an option to suppress ground tripping upon a single phase
trip. This will prevent additional tripping when the load is single-
phased.

12
 Technology Review

Environmental / Material The success of urethane in the transformer arena made it a natural
candidate for the new solid dielectric recloser pole unit. Urethane’s
Casting-Polyurethane low pouring and curing temperatures ease the ability to pour and
handle the units while the urethane is in its liquid state. The fact that
it’s poured under a vacuum rather than injected under pressure helps
ensure a stable geometry of the interior assemblies before and after
the pour. While all polymers have stresses created because the cur-
ing process temperature is higher than ambient, polyurethane’s low
modulus of elasticity allows the material to adjust to these stresses
through elongation. Because urethane has some elasticity, it is ide-
ally suited for the sharp, repetitive shocks exhibited by the operation
of vacuum bottles interrupting load or fault current. The finite ele-
ment analysis studies (mechanical and electrical) done by ABB for
the pole unit design, ensure long and trouble free life of the encap-
sulated vacuum bottle, sensor and current path.

Polyurethane encapsulating materials are:

• Environmentally sound; no oil or gas
• Proven outdoor performance
• Permanent flexibility, low stress, superior arc track resistance
• Resistant to ozone and ultraviolet rays
• Easy to transport: rugged, light, non-brittle
• Resistant to vandalization

27kV High Voltage Unit

13
 Product Description

Product Description

AF2000 ......................................................................................................................16

VR-3S Recloser .........................................................................................................17

Contemporary Design ..............................................................................................19

Vacuum Interrupter ................................................................................................20

Magnetic Actuator ...................................................................................................22

PCD2000 ...................................................................................................................23

Loop Control Module ..............................................................................................25

VS-3S Switch ............................................................................................................26

SCD2000....................................................................................................................27

ISD2000 .....................................................................................................................29

DCD2000 ...................................................................................................................31

Accessories ................................................................................................................33

Summary ...................................................................................................................34

15
Product Description

AF2000 ABB’s AF2000 family of distribution and automated feeder products were
developed to address both present and evolving utility needs in automation
and control applications. The AF2000 Automated Feeder product family
provides utilities with a powerful tool in the battle for improving customer
power quality and reducing operating costs.

The AF2000 family of products is the result of extensive R&D efforts to

establish products that meet the requirements for today’s distribution sys-
tems with advanced features and flexibility needed for the changing de-
mands in distribution management and automation. New demands for
managing distribution systems calls for devices that are inherently reliable
and intelligent. Emphasis is on SCADA and distribution automation con-
nectivity while providing an easy migration path to feeder automation.

The AF2000 family of feeder automation intelligent electronic devices

(IEDs) provides a solution for distribution reclosers (PCD2000), switches
(SCD2000 and ISD2000), and allows integration of substation and feeder
automation systems with an intelligent communications node (DCD2000).

ABB’s AF2000 family is comprised of the VR-3S recloser with its com-
panion controller, the PCD2000 Power Control Device, the VS-3S Switch
with the SCD2000 Switch Control Device, the ISD2000 Integrated Switch
Device, the LCM Loop Control Module that integrates Loop control fea-
tures within the PCD2000 and SCD2000 controllers. The DCD2000 Data
Control Device facilitates SCADA system communication integration. It
provides a self-contained, easy to install router solution for creating a net-
work of wireless radios, RS-485 networks, fiber optic networks and mo-
dem access.

Utility requirements for ease of integration has been addressed by the

adoption of widely accepted “open” communication protocols
(MODBUS, DNP3.0, IEC 870-5-101). Operator training is minimized by
maintaining a common look and feel for the different devices.

New features include integrated sensing, integrated control for magnetic

actuators in the feeder primary equipment, comprehensive power quality
and fault monitoring, extensible feeder automation capability such as sin-
gle-phase protection and Loop sectionalizing and communication adapta-
bility within the IEDs. This is part of the overall ABB “Building Block”
approach to feeder automation.

Highlights The new AF2000 family of feeder automation products will provide a
global solution that provides:

• A comprehensive AF solution for utilities

• New enhanced functionality such as power quality monitoring
• SCADA ready capability for ABB AF primary equipment – a major
market requirement in the new environment
• Standard solutions that allow integration of feeder and substation
automation

16
 Product Description

VR-3S Recloser ABB’s VR-3S interrupting unit is a distribution pole mounted and
substation recloser. Used with the PCD2000 intelligent controller, it
provides local and remote operation with protection, control, meter-
ing and communication for feeder automation. The VR-3S recloser
integrates patented magnetic actuation technology that provides for a
lightweight, reliable unit ideally suited for interrupting fault currents
on the distribution circuits. Independently operated modules allow
for single phase or three phase operation.

The basic functional components of an automatic recloser are a high-

speed circuit breaker, overcurrent protection, trip logic and auto-
matic reclosing logic. When an overcurrent of sufficient magnitude
flows through the recloser, the tripping action is initiated and the
circuit interrupting contact opens. After a preset time delay, the re-
closer contacts are automatically closed re-energizing the line. If the
fault still persists, this tripping and reclosing sequence is repeated a
predetermined number of times until a lockout function is initiated.
If the fault was transient and cleared during any period when the re-
closer was open then the recloser will remain closed. After a short
time delay the recloser logic will reset to its original condition and
will be ready for the next operation.

Single Phase Tripping Option The VR-3S recloser is a first of its kind in the industry. It includes
for the VR-3S Recloser fast acting, maintenance free, independent-pole magnetic actuation
instead of a high maintenance, ganged-pole mechanism. It also in-
corporates solid dielectric insulation instead of oil or SF6 gas and is
substantially lighter weight than oil filled reclosers. It is available in
15, 27 and 38 kV ratings, 560 or 800 Amps continuous current. The
VR-3S and its PCD2000 control now has the capability to operate on
single phases! The single phase tripping VR-3S provides greater
feeder protection flexibility. This improves customer power quality
and in turn puts the utility in a better competitive position, now and
years down the road.

VR-3S

17
Product Description

27kV VR-3S Recloser

Vacuum interrupters

- Maximum reliability
- Minimum and even contact wear
- Long life: thousands of operations with
out scheduled maintenance
- Integral part of pole assembly

Polyurethane encapsulating material

- Environmentally sound: no oil or gas

- Proven outdoor performance
- Permanent flexibility, low stress, supe-
rior arc track resistance
- Resistant to ozone and utlraviolet rays
- Easy to transport: rugged, light, non-
brittle
- Resistant to vandalization

Integrated sensors

- Sized not to saturate at rated fault cur

rents
- Encapsulated in polyurethane for pro-
tection

Mechanical trip

- Hook-stick operated emergency trip

lever
- Yellow handle does not come down on Open/Close indicators
lockout
- Individual phase position indicators
- Highly visible from the ground
Air insulated outdoor cabinet Magnetic actuators
- Stainless steel enclosure - Reliable: dramatic reduction in moving
- Eliminates environmental and maintenance concerns of oil or gas parts
- Spare cable for voltage signals - Virtually maintenance-free: over ten
- Knockouts to bring voltage signals and power thousand operations without scheduled
maintenance

18
 Product Description

Contemporary Design The polyurethane pole assembly of ABB’s VR-3S consists of an

encapsulated vacuum interrupter, a current sensor and magnetic ac-
tuator. The CT/Sensor is fully encapsulated in polyurethane for im-
Pole Assembly
proved reliability and lower maintenance. The pole assembly has a
standard high creep design of 17.7” (450 mm) for the 15 kV rating,
29.8” (760 mm) for the 27 kV rating, and 40.4” (1026 mm) for the
38kV rating.

Each pole assembly has a pull rod, which links the magnetic actua-
tor with the vacuum bottle. The magnetic actuator’s linear motion is
transferred through the insulated pull rod to the vacuum interrupters,
providing a simple mechanical link for contact parting.

Each pole comes equipped with an integrated current sensor, which

provides the required signals for all current protection, metering,
and data gathering functions of the control. For full protective and
metering capabilities, external Voltage Transformers (VT’s) should
be installed. The VT’s secondary needs to be connected to the
PCD2000 control’s CT/PT input board. As an option, VT’s can be
ordered with the unit.

Pole Assembly

Copper Studs Encapsulated

Sensor

Vacuum
Interrupter

Pull Rod

Magnetic Actuator

Opening Spring

19
Product Description

Vacuum Interrupter Vacuum interrupters have been in commercial use since the late
1950s. The significant advantages of switching with vacuum inter-
rupters—extremely high switching rate, virtually no-maintenance,
and long life—were immediately apparent. Today, cost-effective
vacuum interrupters cover the application range of 600V to 38 kV
and interrupting currents from hundreds of Amperes to 80 kA.

Vacuum interrupters provide maximum reliability due to their ex-

tended mechanical life minimum and even wear. Sealed contacts
will not degrade the dielectric properties of the insulation medium.

The figure illustrates a schematic diagram of a typical vacuum inter-

rupter, sometimes called a vacuum bottle.

The two interrupter contacts are immersed in a vacuum-tight, sealed

envelope, typically made of ceramic or glass. Depending on the
voltage rating, the enclosure can be made of either one or two ce-
ramic cylinders (6). Flexible bellows (9) provides means for me-
chanical movement of the contact stem (2) within the vacuum.

Vacuum Interrupter

2 6
1. Fixed contact stem
8 4 1
2. Moving contact stem
3. Fixed and moving contact
subsystems
4. Vapor (or ion) shield
5. Bellow shield
6. Ceramic enclosure (envelope)
shown as two ceramic
cylinders joined in the middle
7. Metal-to-ceramic sealed joints
8. Contacts
9. Metal bellows
10. Metal end plates

5 10
3
7
9

20
 Product Description

The contacts are surrounded by a vapor shield (4), made of a

stainless steel, copper or FeNi, to protect the inside of the ceramic
from arc metal vapor and preserve the dielectric integrity between
the two ends of the switch. A metallic collar (7) between the two
ceramic cylinders (6) serves as a seal and as support for the vapor
shield (4). The contacts are made typically out of two components.
The mechanical strength and means for controlling the arc are pro-
vided by copper elements (3). Special, OFHC (oxygen free, high
conductivity) copper is used for vacuum interrupter manufacturing.
For higher interrupting current ratings, the contact subsystem (3)
can have special geometry arrangements to generate magnetic fields
to control the arcing during the arcing phase and to assist the arc
interruption at current zero. The contact surfaces (8) are made from
a number of specially designed materials, such as CuCr (Copper
Chromium), CuBi (Copper Bismuth) or AgWC (Silver Tungsten
Carbide) to optimize the switching performance, contact life, and
interrupting ratings.

In closed position, current flows freely between moving and fixed

contacts. When the moving contact is separated from the fixed con-
tact under current, an arc is drawn. The arc vaporizes a small quan-
tity of the metal from the surface contact. Typically the arc voltage
is independent of the flowing current and is only of the order of sev-
eral volts. Therefore the arc energy is very small )product of arc
voltage, arc current and time) which allows the vacuum interrupters
to be compact and have long life.

When the main power frequency current approaches zero, the arc
products (plasma) quickly diffuse due to the ambient vacuum. The
recovery of dielectric strength between the contacts is very fast. A
typical interrupter regains its full dielectric strength in a few to sev-
eral microseconds. It is also significant that in most cases the cur-
rent can be interrupted in vacuum even when the contact gap is not
fully open at the instant of current zero. Even a partial gap, less than
a millimeter, can interrupt full current. This makes vacuum inter-
rupters fast devices, limited in the interrupting time only by the me-
chanical drive. Because the contacts are lightweight, the mechanical
drive energy required by the vacuum switch is low compared to
other switching technologies.

Benefits • Minimum maintenance

• Long contact life
• Life in excess of 10,000 mechanical and/or load operations
• Industry proven technology
• Preferred interrupting technology for medium voltage apparatus

21
Product Description

Magnetic Actuation ABB’s VR-3S and VS-3S are equipped with magnetic actuator
technology. Magnetic actuators increase the unit’s reliability by dra-
matically reducing the mechanism’s moving parts. The magnetic
actuator as compared to conventional stored energy mechanisms
is far less complex. In contrast, conventional mechanisms rely on a
more complex mechanical design incorporating more parts and less
reliable mechanical links.

The magnetic actuator is a bi-stable device, meaning that it does not

require energy to keep it in the open or closed position. When an
open or close command is initiated, a current pulse energizes the
coil for a very small period of time, enabling the required motion.

• Greater Reliability
• Dramatic reduction in moving parts
• Virtually maintenance-free
COIL COIL
• Designed for thousands of operations without
ARMATURE scheduled maintenance
MAGNET

NS SN

NON MAGNETIC
The magnetic actuator is a device composed of a permanent magnet,
SPACER
a moving armature and an electrical coil. It is much simpler than the
traditional stored energy mechanisms and solenoid based designs.
OPENING
The magnetic actuator has only one moving part. This reduction in
SPRING
moving parts dramatically increases the units reliability, while dras-
tically minimizing maintenance costs. The magnetic actuator is vir-
tually maintenance-free, allowing thousands of operations without
scheduled maintenance. A powerful Neodymium Iron Boron
(NdFeB) magnet provides the required force to hold the recloser in
the closed position.

When the coil is energized with current in the proper polarity, the
flux produced works together with the flux generated by the perma-
nent magnet and drives the armature to the closed position
(compressing the opening spring). Once closed, the coil is de-
energized and the armature is held in position via the flux generated
by the permanent magnet. In the closed position, the armature is
against the top plate of the actuator forming a low reluctance path
for the magnetic flux. The static latching force of several hundred
pounds is provided by the permanent magnet alone. The coil energi-
zation is not required. The magnet itself, is mounted on a metal ring
COIL COIL
to prevent damage from contact with the armature as the armature
ARMATURE MAGNET assembly moves back and forth.
NS SN

NON MAGNETIC
SPACER
When the coil is momentarily energized with current in the reverse
polarity, the flux produced opposes the flux generated by the perma-
OPENING
nent magnet. This temporarily offsets the holding force between the
SPRING
armature and the top plate. When this occurs, the opening spring
moves the armature away from the top plate. As the gap increases
the holding force falls off very rapidly and the opening spring drives
the armature to the open position and holds it there (Coil is not ener-
gized). The non magnetic spacer prevents the armature from attach-
ing to the bottom plate with the same latching force as exists in the
closed position by inserting an air gap in the flux path.

22
 Product Description

PCD2000 The Power Control Device PCD2000 is an intelligent electronic de-

vice that provides complete recloser control in feeder automation
applications. The PCD2000 provides fully integrated protection,
metering, and communication capabilities. It enables sophisticated
automation of electrical protection and switching equipment. The
control can be operated remotely to facilitate automation system
reconfiguration, fault analysis, and protection. It also has a powerful
data gathering capability to allow analysis of system loading, plan-
ning and future upgrading. Remote battery testing and fault inter-
ruption accumulation make maintenance planning simple, and
eliminates time-based maintenance procedures. For the user, all of
these features save time, resources and money.

The PCD2000 is housed in a stainless steel control cabinet, NEMA

3R with drip shield. There is ample space for communications
equipment. The cabinet is equipped with a battery that provides
typical backup capability for 24 hours. For added security, the three-
point latch with handle is constructed to accommodate a padlock.

PCD2000

23
Product Description

VR-3S with PCD2000: ABB’s single-phase tripping feature implemented in the PCD2000
Single Phase Tripping and VR-3S recloser is the first of its kind in the electric power in-
dustry. It provides better system reliability, continuity of service,
and minimizes lost revenue billings.

The single phase tripping option is designed to be extremely flexible

in order to meet the most demanding customer requirements. Sin-
gle-phase tripping in the PCD2000 is a firmware upgrade that al-
lows single-phase monitoring and tripping. This is done through the
standard protection elements on a per-phase basis. Fault current is
independently monitored on each phase to initiate the respective
pole’s tripping action. There are two modes of operation for single-
phase tripping: OPUP (Only Picked Up Phases) and OOAP (One Or
All Phases).

If three-phase tripping is required, then the PCD2000 can be config-

ured to return to a three-phase tripping mode allowing the PCD2000
to operate in its normal configuration with single-phase tripping dis-
abled.

VR-3S with PCD2000: The VR-3S and PCD2000 will also provide the additional capability
Loop Control Module for loop control protection accommodating a total of up to 6 VT’s.

This LCM will provide ABB customers the ability to improve their
distribution systems with reclosers for the following applications:
restoration, loss of voltage transfer delay, automatic timed reset,
midpoint recloser, normally open tie recloser, sectionalizing re-
closer and establishing a new open point.

Retrofit The PCD2000 retrofit package is designed to connect the PCD2000

intelligent controller with other manufacturer’s high voltage cabinet.
All necessary wiring to a compatible connector, for seamless inte-
gration, is included. A total solution for ABB's customers achieved
with this upgrade include control wiring, HMI and SCADA proto-
cols.

24
 Product Description

Loop Control Module ABB’s Loop Control Module (LCM) is designed to be completely
compatible with the PCD2000 and SCD2000 controls. The LCM is
a sophisticated option that consists of: the Loop Control Panel (see
Front Panel) and COM5 communication module inserted into the
PCD2000 interfaced together via simple control cable.

LCM is designed to detect either normal voltage or loss of voltage,

from one or two sources, and initiates preprogrammed logical steps
to isolate the faulted section depending upon the voltage configura-
tion and feeder location.

LCM is designed to implement a loop control function to sectional-

ize or remove the faulted section from the distribution system. This
new control module employs a design to provide sectionalizing con-
trol of either a recloser or a switch and the restoration of a distribu-
tion system by closing the tie-point recloser from another electrical
source.

LCM Front Panel

Loop Control Scheme Loop control schemes extend the reliability and implementation of
distribution automation to establish a more effective operating
power system in expectation of a competitive environment. Auto-
mating any distribution system outside an electric utility substation
environment could be realized through the use of recloser loop con-
trol schemes, using the ABB VR-3S reclosers and PCD2000 con-
trollers equipped with the loop control module.

A recloser loop control scheme typically utilizes a predetermined

number of PCD2000 and LCM controlled VR-3S reclosers installed
in series between two substation feeder circuits. The LCM feature
provides isolation of any faulted section within a given distribution
circuit while simultaneously re-establishing service to all customers
unaffected by the faulted section within a relatively short period of
time. Loop control schemes are typically located at or near key cus-
tomers at various locations throughout the distribution system. Ide-
ally, loop control schemes are implemented to reduce the number of
outages and to maintain reliable electrical power to a utility’s cus-
tomer base.

25
Product Description

VS-3S Switch New demands for managing distribution systems call for devices
inherently reliable and intelligent. They require a built-in capability
for data gathering and communications, along with extremely low
maintenance. The ABB solution meets each of these demands with
the VS-3S Switch. It brings powerful microprocessor control to
switch technology, advanced management capabilities for system
reconfiguration, fault location, fault restoration, load leveling, moni-
toring, power quality and communications.

A Millennium Ahead The VS-3S accomplishes the job of a traditional switch reliably and
efficiently. Safe and stable, the VS-3S offers an environmental
edge, eliminating the need for gas or oil. Encapsulated vacuum in-
terrupters produce clean interruptions with minimum and even con-
tact wear over a wide temperature range. Like the unit's simplified
magnetic actuators, these vacuum interrupters are capable of thou-
sands of operations without scheduled maintenance. This makes the
VS-3S the perfect choice for distribution automation applications
where multiple operations are required.

Benefits • Digital information and communications to enhance system-

wide performance.
• Eliminates Maintenance - The absence of air, oil or SF6 as an
interrupting and insulating medium minimizes the maintenance
and servicing required. The sealed vacuum contacts and the
absence of a spring driven mechanism eliminate any weather-
ing concerns and assures a long life.
• Extended Duty Cycle - The number of operations far exceeds
any other interrupting medium (10,000 loadbreak operations
without visible wear). This is essential for feeder automation
applications and locations, which require multiple switching
operations.
• Environmentally Friendly - The solid dielectric is environmen-
tally friendly, leaks are not a concern. The cabinets are made
entirely from stainless steel, so no rusting will ever occur.
• Quick Installation - The use of a solid dielectric allows a com-
pact design to reduce size and weight. Therefore, installations
are quicker and easier.

The VS-3S with the SCD2000 switch sectionalizer can automati-

cally isolate a faulted section of the distribution line when in con-
junction with an automatic circuit recloser. Sectionalizers do not
interrupt fault current but count the operations of the associated
automatic recloser and after a preset number of operations and dur-
ing the automatic recloser open time, initiate opening themselves
isolating the line past the sectionalizer, provided the sectionalizer
detected the fault beyond it. This allows the healthy section of the
distribution line between the automatic recloser and the sectional-
izer to be restored to service. The recloser will automatically reset
and be ready for another complete operating sequence. This insures
smaller sections of the distribution system are interrupted for per-
manent faults. Information received from installed PCD2000 and
SCD2000 will save time and money for the electric utility by direct-

26
 Product Description

SCD2000 The Switch Control Device (SCD2000) is a digital controller, inte-

grating monitoring and control of padmount, metal-clad and pole-
top loadbreak switches. The controller can be operated remotely to
allow system configuration, fault analysis, and data acquisition. It
also has a powerful data gathering capability which enables the
user to do system loading analysis, planning, and future upgrad-
ing. Remote battery testing and load interruption accumulation
make maintenance planning simple and eliminates time-based
maintenance procedures.

The SCD2000 is optimized for control of loadbreak switches in

medium voltage distribution circuits. The SCD2000 can be seam-
lessly integrated with other ABB Intelligent Electronic Devices
(IEDs) such as the PCD2000 and Data Control Device (DCD2000) to
provide an integrated automation system for electrical switching
and system protection.

SCD2000 Front Panel

27
Product Description

PCD2000 SCD2000
Packaged in a modular case design to allow easy upgrade and maintenance. Packaged in a modular case design to allow easy upgrade and maintenance.
The unit is housed in a 6-slot card case with the following: The unit is packaged in a 6-slot card case with the following:

Functions Found in Both Types

• Power Supply or UPS Module
• CPU Module
• PT and CT Inputs Module
• Magnetic Actuator Driver Module
• Digital I/O Module (optional)
• Communication Modules (optional)

Protective Functions Control Functions

• Phase overcurrent protection. (ANSI, IEC, Recloser and User Program- • Sectionalizing switching
mable Curves) • Automatic sectionalizer functions
• Ground overcurrent protection. (ANSI, IEC, Recloser and User Program-
• Loss of voltage load transfer
mable Curves)
• Negative sequence time overcurrent protection
• Fault current indication

• Multi-shot reclosing
• Phase imbalance indication

• Directional time overcurrent protection (Positive and negative sequence

• Load shed, load restoration and over frequency switching functions
polarizing elements)
• Voltage protection (under and overvoltage elements)
• Frequency protection (multiple independent under and overfrequency
elements)
• Directional power flow elements (positive and negative sequence)

Additional Features
• Metering: Current, Voltage, Watts, Watt-hours, VARs, VAR-hours, • Metering: Currents, Voltages, Watts, Watt hours, VARs, VAR hours,
Power Factor and Frequency Power Factor and Frequency
• Peak demand: Current, Watt and VARs with time stamp • Peak demand: Currents, Qatts and VARs with time stamp
• Fault locator with distance and fault resistance • Power quality monitoring
• Selectable settings tables: Primary, Alternate 1, and Alternate 2 • Fault locator with distance and fault resistance
• Operations (sequence of events) record for last 512 operations • Fault summary and detailed fault records for last 128 trips
• Breaker failure detection • Operations (sequence of events) record for last 512 operations
• Summation of unit interrupting duty and unit operations counter • Switch failure detection
• Continuous self-diagnostics of power supply, memory elements and • Unit operations counter
microprocessors • Continuous self-diagnostics of power supply, memory elements and
• Load profile capability: Watts, VARs and voltage for 5, 15, 30, or 60 microprocessors
minute intervals • Load profile capability: Watts, VARs and voltage for 40, 80 or 160 days
• Fault summary and detailed fault records for last 128 trip operations
• Oscillographic data storage analyzer captures 64 cycles of current and
• User programmable time overcurrent curves voltage waveform data
• Oscillographic data storage analyzer captures 64 cycles of current and • Integrated battery charging and monitoring for AC designs
voltage waveform data • Front panel open/close pushbuttons with LED status indicator
• Integrated battery charging and monitoring for AC designs
• AC or DC powered for flexibility
• Front panel selectable recloser control function overrides: Remote Block,
• ANSI and IEC versions available
Ground Block, Alternate Settings 1 Enable, Optional Sensitive Earth
Fault, Reclose Block, Local Battery Test. (All of these functions have • Front panel selectable switch control function overrides: Remote Blocked
front panel pushbuttons and LED status indicators) Sect. Blocked, Alt 1 settings, Sensitive Earth Blocked, One Shot, Rocal
• Front mounted optically isolated meter port Battery Test

• Communication card has rear RS-232 and RS-485 ports with optional
• Front mounted optically isolated meter port
fiber optic port • Communication card has rear RS-232 and RS-485 ports with optional
• AC or DC powered for flexibility fiber optic port

• ANSI and IEC versions available

28
 Product Description

ISD2000 The Integrated Switch Device (ISD2000) is a highly integrated con-

trol device optimised for low cost control of magnetic actuator
VS-3S with ISD2000: Retrofit based mechanisms. The ISD2000 has two basic application configu-
and Simple Switch rations: Interposer and Switch Control.
Applications
As an Interposer the ISD2000s operates as an interposing driver for
direct interface to magnetic actuator based mechanisms. Addition-
ally, the ISD 2000 can be used as a simple on/off interposing de-
vice. This allows adaptation of standard, contact driven control de-
vices to ABB’s magnetic actuator operated switching mechanisms.
The ISD2000 is used with ABB VR-3S and VS-3S magnetic actua-
tor based reclosers and sectionalizers. This product is beneficial for
customers who do not want to incur additional costs by purchasing a
new or different controller. The ISD2000 may also be used in appli-
cations where the distances between the PCD2000 or SCD2000
controllers exceeds 100 feet from the primary switching mecha-
nism.

As a switch control, the ISD2000 is microprocessor-based controller

for monitoring and controlling magnetically actuated poletop
loadbreak switches. The ISD2000 acts as a fully integrated low cost
switch control including ac/dc power supply, magnetic actuator
driver, energy storage, serial communications, and discrete I/O. Op-
tional voltage/current sensing card increases unit functionality by
enabling phase or ground fault overcurrent indication and voltage
measurement. The ISD2000 provides a low cost alternative to the
SCD2000 for those applications that do not require an extensive
local programming interface, data monitoring or communication
capability.

The ISD2000 supports a wide range of magnetically actuated out-

door switches for automated feeder (AF) applications and includes
voltage and current sensing options. It also has the capability to lo-
cally or remotely control switch operation.

The ISD2000 integrated Switch Device has one isolated RS-232

communication port for remote control or setup. Modbus protocol is
supported for easy system integration. A utility software program
for unit configuration is supplied by ABB.

The ISD2000 can be integrated with other ABB IEDs such as the
SCD2000, PCD2000 and DCD2000 to provide an easy to implement,
sophisticated automation system for electrical switching and system
protection.

The ISD2000 is packaged in a metal case that can be easily mounted

to a panel. All connections to the ISD2000 are clearly identified on
the front of the case. Optional voltage and current sensing cards can
be added. Sensor cards allow interface to standard PT (120 VAC) or
CT (1 or 5 Amp) devices or high impedance sensors such as imped-
ance voltage dividers and Rogowski coils for current sensing.

29
Product Description

Benefits • Fully integration magnetic actuator-based switch control in-

cluding energy storage capacitors
• Automatic actuator coil continuity check
• Integrated switch position integrity check
• Remote control via RS232 serial communication port
• Built in discrete I/O
• Fault current indication (with optional voltage/current sensing
cards)
• Optional high impedance V/I sensor interface card
• Supports Modbus ASCII and Modbus RTU protocols
• Continuous self-diagnostics of power supply, memory elements
and microprocessors
• Load profile for load current, peak RMS current, temperature
and timestamp with user selectable storage times of 5 to 60
minutes
• AC or DC powered for flexibility

ISD2000

30
 Product Description

DCD2000 ABB’s Data Control Device (DCD2000) is an intelligent electronic

device for communication networking in feeder automation applica-
tions. The DCD2000 is a digital serial networking routing device for
substation communication networks, based on industry standard
protocols. The DCD2000 simplifies the task of creating a network
of RS-232 based wireless radios, RS-485 networks, and fiber optic
networks while integrating modem access and system diagnostics.

The DCD2000 facilitates implementation of an optimized

communication network for power distribution protection and
control devices such as the PCD2000, SCD2000, and the ISD2000.
Its open design provides numerous configuration options, enabling
the user to add automation applications to the network such as
SCADA, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and substation
human machine interfaces (HMI).

The DCD2000 consists of four modules connected to a front panel

interface and packaged in a hardened case suitable for semi-flush
mounting. Network port connections are clearly identified at the
rear of the unit.

DCD2000 Front Panel

31
Product Description

Highlights The DCD2000 communications gateway provides an integrated

communications package for the various communications mediums.
In addition, the DCD2000 gateway provides access for multiple
masters to the PCD2000 and the SCD2000 on the distribution sys-
tem such as through PLC, RTU and dial-up modem for metering,
power quality or fault location applications. MODBUS ASCII/RTU
or DNP 3.0 protocols are supported.

With respect to the automation of distribution circuits, the highest

level device is the DCD which is used as the communication router
from the lower echelon of products. DCD2000 provides two-way
protocol communication to the PCD2000, SCD2000 and ISD2000
and electric utility SCADA. The DCD2000 interconnected to the
PCD2000, SCD2000 and ISD2000 help electric utilities meet the
goals of distribution automation and demand side management of
their distribution systems.

• Multiple master support in Modbus and DNP 3.0 protocols

• Configurable communication port and gateway modes
• Up to four RS-232 ports (two of the ports can be configured as
RS-485 ports), and one fiber optic port
• Easy system configuration using the front panel interface
• Modem supports Modbus initiated TAP protocol for sending
alphanumeric pager messages
• Monitor mode for viewing communication network activity
• Extended temperature modem with auto answer and inactivity
timeout
• Supports multiple control applications driving multiple network
applications

32
 Product Description

Accessories The ABB Recloser Test Adapter Metmate, is designed to be used in

conjunction with the MET Set for testing all ABB reclosers using
the PCD2000, DPU2000, and DPU2000R controls. It is connected
in series between the MET Set and the PCD2000, DPU2000 and
DPU2000R devices. Once dialed in to the correct settings, it be-
comes a transparent component for testing ABB reclosers. It is
easy to use and includes an instruction manual. It comes in a rug-
ged, hard plastic case, and the appropriate cables are specified.

Benefits • Increases the maximum current output from 3 to 10 Amps

• Can be used on any of the available Trip/Close voltages
• Can be used for testing the ABB VR-3S recloser and the ABB
ESV retrofit package
• May be used for testing the control cabinets only or in combi-
nation with a recloser/breaker
• NEW! Now single-phase operation can be tested on VR-3S
units with the single phase tripping option (Order S#:
1C11125G04)

Interface Panel on the ABB Recloser

RECLOSER
TEST ADAPTER

Selection Guide To order the Recloser Test Adapter, choose one of the three options
below (The cable to connect to the Cooper MET Test Setä is
included with each option):

• Recloser Test Adapter with cable for testing ABB VR-3S

reclosers: S#: 1C11125G01
• Recloser Test Adapter with universal cable for testing ABB
ESV reclosers: S#: 1C11125G02
• Recloser Test Adapter with cables for testing both ABB VR-3S
And ESV reclosers ABB VR-3S reclosers: S#: 1C11125G03
• Recloser Test Adapter for testing ABB VR-3S recloser with
Single Phase Tripping Option (will also work for three phase
VR-3S recloser): S#: 1C11125G04

33
Product Description

Summary ABB feeder automation products provide state-of-the-art technology

for on-line feeder control and monitoring. These solutions allow for
rapid integration by being SCADA READY, providing RTU proto-
cols and interfaces. These solutions also provide for automation
without communications, such as sectionalizing or restoration, with
the capability for future integration into the SCADA system. ABB
views every project as a key strategic development in distribution
automation. ABB will work together with electric utility engineers
to implement an ABB solution on their distribution system.

ABB Distribution Automation provides:

• SCADA READY components for feeder automation
• Reduced costs in operation and maintenance
• Improved distribution system reliability with enhanced system
knowledge
• Quicker information to Customer Service to identify and ex-
plain
• Customer satisfaction by understanding their individual load
profiles
• Familiarity with new technological automation concepts
• Reduction of system wide outages
• Effective energy management through automation
• Enhancement of safe operating practices

34
 Technical
Product
Specifications
Description

Technical Specifications

VR-3S Recloser Ratings .........................................................................................36

PCD2000 Ratings and Tolerances .........................................................................37

VS-3S Switch Ratings.............................................................................................38

SCD2000 Ratings and Tolerances .........................................................................39

ISD2000 Ratings and Tolerances ..........................................................................40

DCD2000 Ratings and Tolerances ........................................................................41

Detail Drawings ......................................................................................................42

35
Technical Specifications

VR-3S This specification applies to three-phase circuit reclosers with a

rated maximum system voltage up to 38kV, a maximum continuous
current rating of 800 Amps, and 12 or 12.5 kA symmetrical inter-
rupting rating. The recloser is designed for pole mounted or substa-
tion installation.

VR-3S Recloser Ratings

Recloser Ratings
15kV 27kV 38kV
Nominal Operating Voltage 2.4 —14.4kV 24.9kV 36kV
Maximum Design Voltage 15kV 27kV 38kV
Maximum Continuous Current 560/800A 560/800A 560/800A
Maximum Interrupting Current 12/12.5A 12.5kA 12.5/16kA
BIL 110kV 125kV 170kV
Dry Withstand 60Hz 1 Min. 50kV 60kV 70kV
Wet Withstand 60Hz 10 Sec. 45kV 50kV 60kV
Phase Spacing 15.5 in. (394mm) 15.5 in. (394mm) 18 in. (457mm)
Minimum External Creep 17.0 in. (432mm) 29.75 in. (756mm) 40.4 in. (1026mm)
Minimum External Strike Distance 10 in. (254mm) 12.25 in. (311mm) 16.5 in. (419mm)
Maximum Interrupting Time 0.040 sec. max. 0.040 sec. max 0.040 sec. max.
Maximum Closing Time 0.048 sec. max. 0.048 sec. max. 0.060 sec. max.

Technical Specs
Materials Vacuum interrupter encased in outdoor polyurethane
Current Sensors 0.3% accuracy; one per phase encased in polyurethane
Operating temperature -50o C to +70o C
Weight (including frame) 435 lbs (197 Kg) 495 lbs (225 Kg) 565 lbs (339 Kg)
Testing Tested to applicable ANSI and IEC standards
Life test 10,000 mechanical operations without visible effect
Control Voltages 24-240 VAC (nominal) or 24-250 VDC (nominal)
LV Cabinet Weight 100 pounds/45 kg (with SCD2000 and battery pack)

36
 Technical
Product
Specifications
Description

PCD2000 Ratings and Tolerances

Parameter Value
Current Input Circuits 5 A (16 A continuous, and 450 A for 1 second)
Input Rating 1 A (3 A continuous, and 100 A for 1 second)
Input Burden Less than 0.1 VA @ 5 A
Frequency 50 or 60 Hz
Voltage Input Circuit Voltage Rating based on the VT connection setting
Burden 0.04 VA for VPH-N at 120 VAC
69/120 V Wye 160 V continuous and 480 V for 10 s
120/208 V Delta 260 V continuous and 480 V for 10 s
Frequency 50 or 60 Hz
Binary (Contact) Input Circuits Burden 0.075 VA at 24 VDC
0.140 VA at 48 VDC
0.360 VA at 125 VDC
0.730 VA at 250 VDC

Control Power Burden 120 VAC at 0.17 A, Range = 102 to 132 VAC
24 VDC at 0.70 A, Range = 19 to 28 VDC
48 VDC at 0.70 A, Range = 38 to 56VDC
125 VDC at 0.70 A, Range = 70 to 150 VDC
250 VDC at 0.70 A, Range = 200 to 280 VDC

Binary Contacts Output Rating Each Contact 120 VAC 125 VDC 250 VDC
at Tripping 30 A 30 A 30 A

Continuous Break (Inductive) 5A 5A 5A

2A 0.3 A 0.1A

Operating Temperature Range -40oC to + 70oC

(operating temperatures below –20oC may reduce LCD display visibility)

Tolerances Over Temperature Range of –30oC to + 70oC

Element Pickup Dropout Timing (whichever is greater)

51P/51N +3% of setting 98% of setting +7% or + 16 milliseconds

50P/50N +7% of setting 98% of setting +7% or + 16 milliseconds
46/67P +3% of 51P setting 98% of setting +7% or + 16 milliseconds
67N +3% of 51N setting 98% of setting +7% or + 16 milliseconds
27/59/81V/79V +3% of setting 99.5% of setting +7% or + 16 milliseconds
81 +0.01% Hz +0.01% Hz + 1 Cycle

Ammeter
+1% of 51P and 51N time overcurrent pickup setting
Voltmeter +1% of the VT connection setting
Power Meter +2% of I x V, 51P pickup setting x VT connection setting
Frequency 0.01 HZ from 30-90 Hz, at 120 VAC input on VA

Transient Immunity Surge withstand capability

SWC and fast transient tests per ANSI C37.90.1 and IEC80255-22-1 Class III for all
connections except communication or AUX ports
Isolated communication ports and AUX ports per ANSI C37.90 using Oscillary SWC
Test wave only and per IEC80255-22-1 class III and 80255-22-4 class III
Impulse voltage withstand test per IEC80255-5
EMI test per trial use standard ANSI C37.90.2

Humidity Per ANSI C37.90 up to 95% without condensation

Dielectric 3150 VDC for 1 s all circuits to ground except communication ports per IEC80255-05
2333 VDC for 1 s for isolated communication ports

37
Technical Specifications

VS-3S Switch Ratings

Switch Ratings

15kV 27kV 38kV

Nominal System Voltage 15kV 24kV 36kV
Maximum Design Voltage 15.5kV 27kV 38kV

Maximum Continuous Current 630/800A 630/800A 630/800A

Maximum Interrupting Current 630/800A 630/800A 630/800A

Momentary Current Rating 31.5kA 31.5kA 31.5kA

3 Second Withstand Rating 10kA 10kA 10kA
Rated Frequency 50/60hz 50/60hz 50/60hz

Rated Impulse withstand Voltage (BIL) 110kV 125kV 170kV

Dry withstand 60Hz 1 Min 50kV 60kV 70kV
Wet Withstand 60Hz 10 Sec. 45kV 50kV 60kV

Bushing Creepage Distance 17.7” (450mm) 30.0” (760mm) 40.4 (1026mm)

Bushing Strike Distance 10.5” (267mm) 13.4” (340mm) 16.5” (419mm)

Technical Specs

Materials Vacuum interrupter encased in outdoor polyurethane

Current Sensors 0.3% accuracy; one per phase encased in polyurethane

Operating Temperature -50o C to +70o C

Weight (including frame) 435 lbs (197 Kg) 495 lbs (225 Kg) 565 lbs (339 Kg)

Testing Tested to applicable ANSI and IEC standards

Life Test 10,000 mechanical operations without visible effect

Control Voltages 24-240 VAC (nominal) or 24-250 VDC (nominal)

LV Cabinet Weight 100 pounds/45 kg (with SCD2000 and battery pack)

38
 Technical
Product
Specifications
Description

SCD2000 Ratings and Tolerances

Parameter Value
Current Input Circuits 5 A (16 A continuous, and 450 A for 1 second)
Input Rating 1 A (3 A continuous, and 100 A for 1 second)
Input Burden Less than 0.1 VA @ 5 A
Frequency 50 or 60 Hz
Voltage Input Circuit Voltage Rating based on the VT connection setting
Burden 0.04 VA for VPH-N at 120 VAC
69/120 V Wye 160 V continuous and 480 V for 10 s
120/208 V Delta 260 V continuous and 480 V for 10 s
Frequency 50 or 60 Hz
Binary (Contact) Input Circuits Burden 0.075 VA at 24 VDC
0.140 VA at 48 VDC
0.360 VA at 125 VDC
0.730 VA at 250 VDC

Control Power Burden 120 VAC at 0.17 A, Range = 102 to 132 VAC
24 VDC at 0.70 A, Range = 19 to 28 VDC
48 VDC at 0.70 A, Range = 38 to 56 VDC
125 VDC at 0.70 A, Range = 70 to 150 VDC
250 VDC at 0.70 A, Range = 200 to 280 VDC

Binary Contacts Output Rating Each Contact 120 VAC 125 VDC 250 VDC
at Tripping 30 A 30 A 30 A

Continuous Break (Inductive) 5A 5A 5A

2A 0.3 A 0.1A

Operating Temperature Range -40oC to + 70oC

(operating temperatures below –20oC may reduce LCD display visibility)
Tolerances Over Temperature Range of –30oC to + 70oC

Element Pickup Dropout Timing (whichever is greater)

Fault Detector +0.01% Hz +0.01% Hz +1 Cycle

27/59/81V +5% of setting 99.5% of setting +7% or +16 milliseconds
81
46

Ammeter
Voltmeter
Power Meter +1% of time overcurrent pickup setting
Frequency +1% of the VT connection setting
+2% of I x V, 51P pickup setting x VT connection setting
0.01 HZ from 30-90 Hz, at 120 VAC input on VA
Transient Immunity Surge withstand capability
SWC and fast transient tests per ANSI C37.90.1 and IEC80255-22-1 Class
III for all connections except communication or AUX ports
Isolated communication ports and AUX ports per ANSI C37.90 using Oscil-
lary SWC
Test wave only and per IEC80255-22-1 class III and 80255-22-4 class III
Impulse voltage withstand test per IEC80255-5
EMI test per trial use standard ANSI C37.90.2
Humidity Per ANSI C37.90 up to 95% without condensation

Dielectric 3150 VDC for 1 s all circuits to ground except communication ports per
IEC80255-05
2333 VDC for 1 s for isolated communication ports

39
Technical Specifications

ISD2000 Ratings and Tolerances

Parameter Value
Power Requirements Voltage Range Nominal Current Max. Input Frequency
(Amps) Current (Amps)
48 VDC 40 to 150 VDC 0.15 3.00 NA
125 VDC 40 to 150 VDC 0.09 7.00 NA
115 VAC 105 to 135 VAC 0.10 0.50 47 to 63 Hz
230 VAC 210 to 270 VAC 0.05 0.25 47 to 63 Hz
Control Inputs 20 VDC at 0.5 mA To 150 VDC at 4 mA
Switch Status Outputs 250 VAC, 6 A
Form C Contacts continuous
Actuator Control Outputs Power Level Output Current (Amps)
Low 18
Medium 21
High 24
Switch Pole Position Inputs
Dielectric 2.54 kV, 1 second minimum application to power supply input, status output
Compliance Standard contacts, control inputs, isolated RS-232 port and DC circuit (control and
power supply) applied group to group and group to frame per ANSI C37.90-
1989, Section 8.
Transient Immunity Power input and contact outputs conductively via a coupling network per
Compliance Standards ANSI C37.90.1-1989 using oscillatory SWC Test Wave and 5 kV fast
transient and IEC 1000-4-4 EMC Fast Transient/Burst Immunity.

Environmental -40o to 70o C (-40o to 158o F)

Operating Temperature
-50o to 85o C (-58o to 185o F)
Storage Temperature
Humidity Up to 100% non-condensing
Dimensions Dimension Inches Millimeters
Length 10.46 265.7
Width1 9.95 252.7
Height 3.72 94.5
1. Includes mounting brackets on enclosure base.

40
 Technical
Product
Specifications
Description

DCD2000 Ratings and Tolerances

Parameter Value
Power Supply Requirements Voltage Range Max. Input Current Frequency

48 VDC 38 to 65 VDC 0.6 A NA

125 VDC 70 to 140 VDC 0.3 A NA

250 VDC / 120 VAC 140 to 280 VDC 0.16 A (DC) 47 to 63 Hz

96 to 130 VAC 0.24 A (DC)

CPU Module
Microprocessor 20 MHz, 32-bit microprocessor
CPU RAM 64k
DSP EPROM 3k
DSP RAM 16k
Communications CPU Module
Microprocessor 25 MHz, 32-bit microprocessor
CPU RAM 256k
EEPROM 8k
Dielectric 2.54 kVDC, 1 second minimum application to power
Compliance Standard supply input, self check relay output, gateway commu-
nications ports 1 through 4 applied group-to-group and
group to frame per ANSI C37.90-1989 Section 8.
Transient Immunity Isolated communication ports (capacitive coupled to
Compliance Standard the communication cable), power supply input, self
check output, and AUX ports per ANSI C37.90.1–
1989 using oscillatory SWC Test Wave and 5 kV fast
transient.
Environmental
Operating Temperature -40o to 60o C (-40o to 140o F)
Humidity Up to 95% without condensation per ANSI C37.90
Weight Approximately 9 lbs. (4 kg)

41
Technical Specifications

15kV Recloser Drawing

27kV Recloser Drawing

42
 Technical
Product
Specifications
Description

38kV Recloser Drawing

43
Technical Specifications

15 kV Substation Frame

27 kV Substation Frame

44
 Technical
Product
Specifications
Description

38 kV Substation Frame

45
ABB Power Distribution
655 Century Point
Lake Mary, FL 32746
1-800-929-7947
Fax 407-732-2132
[Link]/distribution