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8086 Instruction Format Overview

The document discusses the instruction format of the 8086 microprocessor. It has a general 3-byte instruction format with an opcode byte, mod/reg byte, and optional displacement/immediate byte. The opcode byte contains bits for the operation, data size, and whether the register field specifies a source or destination operand. The mod/reg byte further specifies the operands using mode, register, and register/memory fields. Examples of common instructions like MOV are provided to illustrate how they map to the machine code format. Single bit indicators like W, D, and S bits are also summarized.

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29 views14 pages

8086 Instruction Format Overview

The document discusses the instruction format of the 8086 microprocessor. It has a general 3-byte instruction format with an opcode byte, mod/reg byte, and optional displacement/immediate byte. The opcode byte contains bits for the operation, data size, and whether the register field specifies a source or destination operand. The mod/reg byte further specifies the operands using mode, register, and register/memory fields. Examples of common instructions like MOV are provided to illustrate how they map to the machine code format. Single bit indicators like W, D, and S bits are also summarized.

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chinnuedwina
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Instruction Format

8086

By,
Hitha Paulson
Assistant Professor, Dept of Computer Science
LF College, Guruvayoor
ADD AX, BX

(Opcode) (Destination operand) (Source operand )


general instruction form for the
8086
• An instruction can be coded with 1 to 6 bytes

Opcode - 6 D-1 W -1 1st byte


MOD - 2 Reg - 3 R/M - 3 2nd byte
Displacement or data (optional) up to 4 bytes
Converting Assembly Language Instructions to
Machine Code
• Byte 1 contains three kinds of information
– Opcode field (6 bits) specifies the operation (add, subtract, move)

- Register Direction Bit (D bit) Tells the register operand in REG field in
byte 2 is source or destination operand
1: destination 0: source

-Data Size Bit (W bit) Specifies whether the operation will be performed
on 8-bit or 16-bit data

0: 8 bits 1: 16 bits
• Byte 2 has three fields
– Mode field (MOD)
– Register field (REG) used to identify the register for the first operand
– Register/memory field (R/M field)
2-bit MOD field and 3-bit R/M field together specify
the second operand

Mode Field encoding

Register/memory (R/M) Field Encoding


Examples
MOV BL,AL (88C316)
Opcode for MOV = 100010
D = 0 (AL source operand)
W bit = 0 (8-bits)
Therefore byte 1 is 100010002=8816
• MOD = 11 (register mode)
• REG = 000 (code for AL)
• R/M = 011 (destination is BL)
Therefore Byte 2 is 110000112=C316
• MOV CL,[BX]

• MOV CH,[1050]h
General format of 8086 instructions

general formats
• One byte instruction

– May have implied data or register operands

– Eg: CLC, clear carry (11111000)


• Register to Register ( 2 bytes)

• Register to /from memory with no displacement


( 2 bytes)
• Register to /from memory with displacement
( 3 or 4 bytes)

• Immediate Operand to Register


• Immediate Operand
to Memory with 16 bit
displacement
Single bit indicators
• W – bit: word or byte
• D- bit: if double operand is present, indicate which is
source and which is destination. D=1, REG destination
operand.
• S – bit : sign extension bit
• V – bit: for shift rotate instructions, if 1 CL contains
count, else count is one.
• Z – bit: used by REP instruction.

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