Tutorial Pre Top - Chemistry
CHEMICAL ENERGETIC
Chemistry Department
October 2021
1. Skiers trapped by snowstorms use heat packs to keep warm. The heat may be generated
by the reaction below.
4Fe (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2Fe2O3 (s) ; ΔHᶱ = –1648 kJ
What is the standard enthalpy change of formation of iron(III) oxide? (P1.S2007)
A. 0 kJ mol–1
B. –824 kJ mol–1
C. –1648 kJ mol–1
D. –3296 kJ mol-1
2. Slaked lime, Ca(OH)2, may be made from limestone, CaCO3. On heating in a lime kiln at
1000 °C, limestone decomposes as follows.
reaction 1 CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
Water is then reacted with calcium oxide, CaO, as follows.
reaction 2 CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s). What are the enthalpy changes of these
reactions?
Reaction 1 Reaction 2
A. Endothermic Endotherm
B Endothermic Exothermic
C Exothermic Endothermic
D Exothermic Exothermic
3. In which process are hydrogen bonds broken?
A. H2 (l) → H2 (g)
B. NH3 (l) → NH3 (g)
C. 2HI (g) → H2 (g) + I2 (g)
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D. CH4 (g) → C (g) + 4H (g)
4. Water is added to anhydrous aluminium chloride to make a 0.1 mol dm-3 solution. Which
observations are correct? (P1.S2008) C
1 The reaction is endothermic.
2 The solution is acidic.
3 The solution contains the ion [Al(H2O)6]3+
5. The conversion of graphite into diamond is an endothermic reaction (ΔH = +3 kJ mol–1).
(P1.S2003)
C (graphite) → C (diamond)
Which statements are correct? (A)
1 The enthalpy change of atomisation of diamond is smaller than that of graphite.
2 The bond energy of the C–C bonds in graphite is greater than that in diamond.
3 The enthalpy change of combustion of diamond is greater than that of graphite.
6. The gaseous oxides of nitrogen have positive enthalpy changes of formation. Which
factor is likely to make the most significant contribution to these enthalpy changes?
(P1.S2006)
A. A the high bond energy of the nitrogen molecule, N2
B. the high electron affinity of nitrogen atoms
C. the high electron affinity of oxygen atoms
D. the similarity of the electronegativities of oxygen and nitrogen
7. Which of the reactions represent both a standard entalphy change of formation and a
standard entalphy chnge of combustion?
1
1. C(s) + O2(g) CO(g)
2
1
2. H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(g)
2
1
3. Mg(s) + O2(g) MgO(s)
2
8. Sodium ions can be formed from sodium atoms. Na(s) → Na+ (g) Which quantities are
required to calculate the enthalpy change of formation of gaseous sodium ions?
(P1.S2006) (B)
1 enthalpy change of atomisation of sodium
2 first ionisation energy of sodium
3 enthalpy change of formation of sodium
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9. For which equation does the enthalpy change correspond to the enthalpy change of
atomisation of iodine? (P1.S2008)
A. ½ I2 (s) → I (s)
B. ½ I2 (s) → I (g)
C. I2 (g) → 2I (g)
D. I2 (s) → 2I (g)
10. For which reactions does the value of ΔHᶱ represent both a standard enthalpy change of
combustion and a standard enthalpy change of formation? (P1.S2009) (D)
1 C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
2 2C (s) + O2 (g) → 2CO (g)
3 CO (g) + ½ O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
11. The equation for a reaction is shown. H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O (l) ; ΔH = x kJ mol–1
Which pair of descriptions is fully correct for this reaction? (P1.S2012)
type(s) of enthalpy change value of x
a formation only positive
b formation only negative
c combustion, formation positive
d combustion, formation negative
12. Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of bromine?
(P1.W2007)
A. Br2 (l) → 2Br (g)
B. Br2 (g) → 2Br (g)
C. ½ Br2 (l) → Br (g)
D. ½ Br2 (g) → Br (g)
13. At 600 °C oxides of nitrogen react with unburnt hydrocarbons in a catalytic converter in a
car exhaust. The equation using methane as representative of a hydrocarbon molecule
would be as follows.
4NO + CH4 → 2N2 + CO2 + 2H2O
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Which statement is likely to be true about the energy change of this reaction?
(P1.W2002)
A. It is endothermic as heat energy is converted into chemical energy.
B. It is exothermic as a high temperature is required.
C. It is exothermic as the triple bond (N and O) is broken.
D. It is exothermic as the products have large negative enthalpy changes of
formation.
14. For which equation is the enthalpy change correctly described as an enthalpy change of
formation? (P1.W2006)
A. 2NO (g) → N2 (g) + O2 (g)
B. 2CO (g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g)
C. H2O (l) + NaCl (s) → NaCl (aq)
D. K (s) + Mn (s) + 2O2 (g) → KMnO4 (s)
15. Which quantity would best indicate the relative strengths of the hydrogen bonds between
the molecules in liquid hydrogen halides? (P1.W2008)
A. bond dissociation energies
B. enthalpy changes of solution
C. enthalpy changes of formation
D. enthalpy changes of vaporisation
16. Red lead oxide, Pb3O4, is used in metal priming paints. It can be made by heating PbO in
air. 6PbO (s) + O2 (g) → 2Pb3O4(s) Which two values are needed to calculate the
enthalpy change for this reaction? (P1.W2008)
A. enthalpy change of combustion of lead and enthalpy change of formation of Pb3O4
B. enthalpy change of combustion of PbO and enthalpy change of formation of Pb3O4
C. enthalpy change of formation of PbO and enthalpy change of atomisation of O2
D. enthalpy change of formation of PbO and enthalpy change of formation of
Pb3O4
17. For which changes is the value of ∆ H always negative? (2019)B
1. Combustion
2. Hydration
3. Solution
18. Which reactions represent standard entalphy changes at 298 K? ()
1. NH3(g) + HCl(g) NH4Cl
2. 2C(g) + 3H2(g) C2H6
3. CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
19. Which reation has an entalphy change equal to the lattice energy of lithium fluoride?
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A. Li(g) + F (g) LiF(s)
1
B. Li(s) + F2(g) LiF(s)
2
C. Li+(g) + F- (g) LiF(g)
D. Li+(g) + F-(g) LiF(s)
20. The diagram shows an incomplee energy profile diagram for a reaction.
Which reactions could this diagram refer to?
1 CaCO3 (s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
2 H2(g) 2H(g)
3 Cl- (aq) Cl- (g) + aq
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