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Brake Noise Test Procedure Overview

This test procedure summarizes a brake test conducted over various traffic routes in Los Angeles to evaluate brake noise and wear characteristics. The test is conducted over 25 days, accumulating 8,047 km without removing brake components. Various instrumentation is installed to measure temperatures, pressures, noises, and other data during stops. The route covers 320 km per day of city, canyon, and freeway driving. Brake measurements and inspections are performed periodically to monitor wear.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
185 views19 pages

Brake Noise Test Procedure Overview

This test procedure summarizes a brake test conducted over various traffic routes in Los Angeles to evaluate brake noise and wear characteristics. The test is conducted over 25 days, accumulating 8,047 km without removing brake components. Various instrumentation is installed to measure temperatures, pressures, noises, and other data during stops. The route covers 320 km per day of city, canyon, and freeway driving. Brake measurements and inspections are performed periodically to monitor wear.

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syahmito
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  • Introduction
  • Vehicle Preparation
  • Equipment and Facilities
  • Operation
  • Test Procedure
  • General Instructions
  • Noise Measurement
  • Presentation of Data
  • Attachments
  • References

CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE

TITLE: Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) CETP: 06.00-R-412
Supersedes: None 200412 Page 1 of 19

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This test procedure is to test noise characteristics (both squeal and creep/groan) and wear
characteristics of brake linings. The test route accumulates 320 km (200 miles) each day by
traveling a combination of city, canyon, and freeway traffic. This test is for a duration of 8047
km (5000 miles) over twenty-five days without brake component removal. The first day is to
be run with measured green unburnished linings for evaluation of new car green lining
performance. A second daily shift can be run due to program timing for noise only, please see
general instructions (Section 6.0) for start times and guidelines.
1.1 COMMONALITY. This is a CONTROL TEST and can be used to qualify vehicles or
components throughout the world. Proposed revisions to this procedure must be submitted per
FAP03-179.

2.0 INSTRUMENTATION
2.1 Install single thermocouples in front brake pads per instruction below.
2.1.1 Install thermocouples in the approximate center of the outer disc brake pad of each caliper. On
non-servo drum brakes, install thermocouples in the low center of the leading shoe. On duo-
servo drum brakes, install thermocouples in the center of the secondary shoe of each drum
brake.
2.1.2 Set thermocouple depth at 3.0mm (0.120") for disc brake pads unless specified by test engineer.
2.1.3 Set thermocouple depth at 1.5mm (0.060") for drum brake shoes.
2.2 Install pressure transducers to measure front and rear pressure.
2.3 Install decelerometer to measure braking decelerations.
2.4 Install thermocouple and relative humidity transmitter on roof to measure ambient temperature
and relative humidity.
2.5 Install brake noise data acquisition system with accelerometers on each wheel brake (outboard
pad backing plate is preferred location for calipers and brake backplate for drum brakes) and a
microphone in the cab adjacent to the driver's inboard ear.
2.6 Connect data logger (required). Record pressure, temperature at brake apply and release,
deceleration, vehicle speed at brake apply and release, event number, stopping distance, elapsed
time, braking distance, total distance, ambient temperature and relative humidity, cabin noise,
and noises/vibrations at wheel corners. All data logging should be collected at 10 Hz with the
exception of any sound data which should be recorded utilizing peak capture.

Note: An event occurs when the brake light switch is triggered and the vehicle is
moving faster than 2 kph (1.2 mph).

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CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE
TITLE: Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) CETP: 06.00-R-412
Supersedes: None 200412 Page 2 of 19

2.7 All test measurement equipment must be calibrated and maintained per FAP03-015, Control,
Calibration, and Maintenance of Measurement and Test Equipment.
2.8 All applicable safety guidelines and procedures must be followed.

3.0 EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES


3.1 Public roads in the Los Angeles area.

4.0 VEHICLE PREPARATION


4.1 Complete the Vehicle Data Record Procedure as per CETP 06.00-R-600. A copy of the record
must remain in the vehicle during the test.
4.2 Install discs and drums measured and plotted for:
Disc: Total indicated run-out (T.I.R.)
Thickness variation (T.V.)
Actual thickness in at least 3 equally distributed positions
Drums: Total indicated run-out (T.I.R.)
Ovality
Inside diameter at equally distributed positions

NOTE: Record installed disc T.I.R. on build sheet


4.2 Measure linings according to CETP 06.00-R-601, Measurement of Brake Lining Wear.
4.3 Set drum brake cage diameter to 0.75 mm (0.030 in) under drum diameter unless specified by
the test engineer. DIH parking brake diameter should be set to the program specific nominal as
specified by the test engineer.
4.4 Load vehicle to specified Brake Functional Test Mass (BFTM) per CETP 00.00-R-602, Test
Mass Standards.
4.5 Perform on-vehicle LRO/DTV/Drag measurements using capacitance probes prior to starting
the test. Cold and hot drag measurements will be conducted every 1609 km (1,000 miles) as
per the schedule shown below. Hot drag mesurements will be taken at a maximum of 149 °C
(300 °F) or at a temperature specified by the test engineer. Driving excessive miles to heat the
brakes for hot measurements should be avoided. LRO/DTV measurements should be repeated
at the end of test or at additional intervals specified by the test engineer.

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TITLE: Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) CETP: 06.00-R-412
Supersedes: None 200412 Page 3 of 19

Conduct drag testing utilizing the following sequence

0 Miles cold (prior to shift start)


200 miles hot (after shift completion)
1000 miles cold
1200 hot (after shift)
2000 cold
2200 hot (after shift)
3000 cold
3200 hot (after shift)
4000 cold
4200 hot (after shift)
5000 hot and cold (end of test)

4.6 Microphone in passenger cabin should be mounted near the inboard side of the head rest
of the driver’s seat (cabin microphone should not in any way interfere with the driver’s
vision).

5.0 OPERATION

NOTE: Each step in the procedure which requires data recording will be highlighted
with a "t#". At each location, record the data once the stop is complete, unless
otherwise specified. If traffic conditions so dictate, proceeding through an
intersection and stopping at the side of the road is permissible. Proceed no more
than one tenth of a mile before recording data. If onboard ambient temperature
is not available, driver should record an approximate outside temperature.
5.1 Daily checks before leaving and before starting engine:
5.1.1 Check fluid levels.
5.1.2 Check tire pressure.
5.1.3 Check thermocouple operation.
5.1.4 Check fuel level.
5.1.5 Check data acquisition.

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TITLE: Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) CETP: 06.00-R-412
Supersedes: None 200412 Page 4 of 19

5.2 Initial data prior to start of test and before starting engine
Record t1 on log sheet and the following:
Driver’s name Vehicle test #
Observer’s name (if applicable) Vehicle make/model
Beginning odometer Vehicle # (if applicable)
Brake lining temperature Test day
Ambient temperature Time
Customer’s name Weather conditions
Humidity
5.3 After Starting Engine:
5.3.1 Apply 70 bar (1000 psi) to primary system (only to be done on first day of test).
5.3.2 Record rear pressures to confirm proper proportioning valve operation (first day only).
5.3.3 Perform initial cold noise check in both forward and reverse direction, noting any noises and
the direction in which they occurred. Initial stops should be conducted at 8 kph (5 mph) or less
following the pressure sequence provided in Appendix I. Please note that the cold noise check
and the alley are tools to search for noise so please include additional stops at pressures and
speeds as needed.
5.3.4 Record a cold front/rear and creep/groan rating before leaving the parking lot.
5.4 Pre-test:
Perform five stops from 16 kph (10 mph) at 3 m/s/s (10 f/s/s). At a convenient location, record
the front line pressures.
5.5 Test Routes:

NOTE: The 322 km (200 mile) route out of the Long Beach area is described in sections
5.5.1. The 322 km route out of the Valencia area is described in section 5.5.2.
5.5.1 The following sequence comprises the Los Angeles city-suburban traffic route 322 km (200
mile) from Long Beach area testing facilities. Due to multiple supplier locations it is the
responsibility of the test facility to develop the start and finish details of the test to maintain
320 km (200 miles) per day.
[Link] Start of Test
a. Depart testing facility and proceed to Soto St./7th.

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[Link] City Suburban


a. Turn right onto Soto then left onto 7th St.
b. Turn right on Hope St. Continue on to Wilshire Blvd.
c. Record t2 at Hope and Wilshire. Turn left onto Wilshire Blvd.
d. Turn right onto Comstock, record t3. Turn right on Beverly Glen. Jog right at Sunset Blvd.
and get in left lane immediately to turn left on Beverly Glen.
[Link] Canyon Run - Part I
a. Turn right on Mulholland. Record t4.
b. Turn right on Benedict Canyon.
c. Turn left on Sunset Blvd. Record t5.
d. Turn left on Laurel Canyon.
e. Turn left onto Muholland.
f. Turn right at Coldwater.
g. Turn right on Ventura Blvd. Record t6.
[Link] Hot Alley Evaluation – please select one of the alley options below, please maintain the same
alley for the duration of the test.
Alley Option 1:
a. Continue past Laurel Canyon to a left onto Radford Ave (directly across from McDonald's)
followed by an immediate right into alley.
b. Begin hot alley procedure. Note any noises and the locations they occurred following the
pressure sequence provided in Appendix I. Please note that the alley is a tool to search for
noise so please include additional stops at pressures as needed.
c. Turn right out of alley and then right onto Ventura Blvd.
d. Turn left into Dupar/McDonald’s. Record t7 at coffee break arrival.
Alley Option 2:
a. Turn right onto Laurel Canyon
b. Turn right on Maxwelton and left into alley
c. Begin hot alley procedure. Note any noises and the locations they occurred following the
pressure sequence provided Appendix I. Please note that the alley is a tool to search for
noise so please include additional stops at pressures as needed.

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TITLE: Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) CETP: 06.00-R-412
Supersedes: None 200412 Page 6 of 19

d. Turn left back onto Laurel Canyon


e. Turn right into Dupar/McDonald’s. Record t7 at coffee break arrival.
f. Record t8 after break.
Note: Evaluate for noise in both forward and reverse direction before proceeding
with route.
[Link] Cool Down Alley Evaluation – please select one of the alley options below, please maintain the
same alley for the duration of the test.
Alley Option 1:
a. Exit McDonald's across Ventura Blvd onto Radford Ave followed by an immediate right
into alley
b. Begin cool down alley procedure. Note any noises and the locations they occurred
following the pressure sequence provided in Appendix I. Please note that the alley is a tool
to search for noise so please include additional stops at pressures as needed.
c. Turn right out of alley and then a right onto Ventura Blvd.
d. Turn left onto Laurel Canyon and begin canyon run.
Alley Option 2:
a. Turn left onto Laurel Canyon
b. Turn right on Maxwelton and left into alley
c. Begin cool down alley procedure. Note any noises and the locations they occurred
following the pressure sequence provided in appendix I. Please note that the alley is a tool
to search for noise so please include additional stops at pressures as needed.
d. Turn right onto Laurel Canyon and begin canyon run.
[Link] Canyon Run - Part II
a. Turn left onto Laurel Canyon.
b. Turn right onto Selma then a right onto Sunset. Record t9
c. Turn right on Beverly Glen. Record t10 at Mulholland.
d. Turn right on Ventura Blvd. Record t11.
[Link] Cooling Loop/City Suburban/Cooling Loop
a. Enter Hollywood Freeway South by turning left at Regal Place. Record t12.
b. Exit Vermont. Turn left onto Rosewood and then right onto Vermont. Record t13.
c. Turn right on 6th street.

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d. Turn right on San Vicente.


e. Turn right on La Cienega.
f. Turn right on Fountain.
g. Turn left on Highland.
h. Enter Hollywood Freeway North. Record t14 before entering freeway.
i. Right blend on Ventura Freeway West.
j. Exit Van Nuys Blvd., Turn right. Record t15 at arrival for lunch.
Note: 0.5 hour lunch break mandatory. Evaluate for noise in both forward and
reverse direction before proceeding with route.
k. Record t16 after lunch break.
[Link] Canyon Run - Part III
a. Turn right on Victory Blvd.
b. Turn right on Laurel Canyon.
c. Turn left on Fountain. Record t17.
d. Turn right on La Brea. At La Brea and 23rd St. record t18.
[Link] Cooling
a. Proceed one block, turn right and enter Santa Monica Freeway (10) East. Follow signs to
Santa Ana.
b. Exit on to Golden State Freeway (route 5) north. Follow signs to Sacramento.
c. Exit Colorado east. Record t19 before exit.
[Link] City Suburban
a. Turn left on Brand Avenue.
b. Turn left on Glenoaks Blvd.
c. Turn left on Alameda. Alameda blends into Riverside at Pass Avenue.
d. Turn left on Moorpark at Ledge Ave.
[Link] Canyon Run Part IV
a. a. Turn left on Coldwater Canyon. Record t20. Continue straight onto Beverly. Turn
right onto Beverly.
b. Turn right on Sunset Blvd. Record t21.

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[Link] Freeway / City Suburban


a. Enter San Diego Freeway South (route 405). Turn right at Church Ln after crossing
freeway, and then turn right at entrance to 405.
b. Exit Wilshire Blvd. West and turn right.
c. Turn right on Stanford (Jerry’s Liquor sign).
d. Turn left on Washington. Record t22.
e. Stop at Ocean. Record t23. Turn left on Ocean.
f. Turn left on Colorado. Record t24 at break arrival.
Note: Evaluate for noise in both forward and reverse direction before proceeding
with route.
g. Record t25 after break.
[Link] City Suburban.
a. Continue east on Colorado.
b. Turn right on Centinela.
c. Turn left on Olympic.
d. Turn left on Union.
e. Turn right on 8th St. Record t26.
[Link] Freeway
a. Turn left on 110 Freeway North at 8th, 9th blend.
b. Blend right onto Hollywood Freeway (101) to Santa Ana Freeway (5).
c. Santa Ana Freeway (5) to Pomona Freeway (60) east.
[Link] Return
a. Return to test site.
5.5.2 The following sequence comprises the new Los Angeles City-Suburban traffic route 322 km
(200 mile) route out of the Valencia area test facilities:
[Link] Start of Test
a. Proceed from test facility to a left (south) on The Old Road.
b. Turn right at stop sign continue on the Old Road, the Old Road turns into San Fernando
Road
b. Bear left at Truman St.

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c. Turn left onto San Fernando Road.


d. Continue on San Fernando Road past Buena Vista St.
e. Bear right at Victory Place (becomes Victory Road).
f. Turn left on Sonora St.
g. Turn right on San Fernando Road.
h. Turn right on Los Feliz Blvd.
i. Continue on Los Feliz which becomes Western.
j. Turn right on Wilshire (record t2).
k. Follow sections [Link].d through [Link].c.
l. Continue on Olympic to a left on Highland.
m. Continue on Highland, bear left and enter 101 Fwy North.
n. Proceed on 101 Fwy North to the 170 Fwy North.
o. Proceed on the 170 Fwy North to 5 Fwy North.
p. Exit 5 Fwy at Magic Mountain Parkway.
q. Turn left on Magic Mountain Parkway.
r. Turn right on the Old Road.
s. Return to test facility.

6.0 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS


6.1 Start times for each test must be no earlier than 5:30 AM and no later than 7:00 AM. When
applicable the second shift must start no earlier than 5:00 PM and no later than 6:00 PM.
6.2 Check tire pressure daily with tires "cold".
6.3 Wash vehicle and wheels at the start of the test and after completing each 1600km (1000 mile)
segment.
6.4 Observe all posted speeds; but drive with traffic. Drive with driver and front passenger
windows partially open.
6.5 Do not use parking lights when moving; in Los Angeles, parking lights are for parking only.
6.6 Do not blow horn unnecessarily. It’s against the law in Los Angeles.

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6.7 To exit from the freeway when not in the proper lane, turn on your turn signal and maintain
speed or accelerate slightly. Do not slow down or you will end up beside the vehicle to your
right. Move over to the proper lane as the cars beside you drop back as they see your turn
signal.
6.8 Look out for pedestrians in a cross walk whether or not there is a traffic light. They have the
right of way.
6.9 Right turns after stopping at red lights are permitted except where signs to the contrary are
posted.
6.10 Watch your freeway exit signs for exit information. There are at least three (3) signs preceding
each exit.
6.11 Use your brakes to control your speed on the "canyon" drives rather than "cornering" the
vehicle through the curves. Resume speed after each turn. Do not anticipate turns by leaving
the throttle closed. Drive without squealing tires.
6.12 Drive in "d" range. Automatic transmissions should be placed in the highest gear available.
6.13 Alternate drivers daily.
6.14 Brake lining performance and appearance glossary of terms.
6.14.1 Pedal Feel
• Pedal Feel: A driver’s subjective reaction to the force applied to the brake pedal to achieve
a desired effect.
• Solid or Firm Pedal: A pedal that has little pedal travel for increasing pedal force.
• Spongy Pedal: A pedal that has excessive pedal travel for increasing force and has a soft
unstable pedal feel.
6.14.2 Effectiveness
• Effectiveness: A measure of how well the vehicle stops. Measured as a relationship
between line pressure and deceleration.
• Low effectiveness: An effectiveness lower than specification, which is indicated by a hard
pedal and a high line pressure.
• Medium of average effectiveness: A normal effectiveness with a moderate pedal feel.
• High effectiveness: An effectiveness higher than specification, which is indicated by a light
pedal and low line pressure.
• Wrap-up: A sudden increase in deceleration without an increase in pedal force which
occurs at the end of a brake stop due to the self-energizing effect of the brakes.

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• Grabby Action: A high effectiveness making it difficult to obtain low deceleration and
causing discomfort to the driver.
• Sensitive: Effectiveness quite high, causing considerable discomfort to the driver.
6.14.3 Roughness
• Roughness: A pulsation or vibration in the vehicle or at the brake pedal and/or steering
wheel and/or floor pan when braking which is sometimes accompanied by a cyclic audible
low frequency noise from the brakes.
• Heavy roughness: A strong vibration at the brake pedal and/or steering wheel usually with
audible low frequency noise from the brakes which is sometimes accompanied by visible
front end vibration of the car and/or rapid fluctuations in line pressure with constant pedal
pressure.
6.14.4 Modulation
• Modulation: Consistency of pedal force vs. Deceleration and predictable response.
• Poor modulation: Irregular pedal feel accompanied by inconsistency in line pressure at a
given deceleration and lining temperature.
• Fair modulation: Slight inconsistency in comparisons of pedal force or line pressure to
deceleration at a given lining temperature.
• Good modulation: Good pedal feel accompanied by consistent line pressure at a given
deceleration and lining temperature.
6.14.5 Occurrence of brake noise
• Creep/groan: Grabbing noise only detected by slowly releasing the brake pedal to only
allow minimum vehicle movement 5-15 bar (100 - 200 psi). This can occur at the end of a
slow stop.
• Tip-in: Low line pressure 1-15 bar (20 - 200 psi) brake noise.
• Tailend/pinchout: Noise that occurs at the end of a stop.
• Apply: Noise that occurs throughout or during a brake apply (usually over 5 bar (100 psi)).
• Squeal/chirp: Noise that occurs without brake application. Description of the noise, i.e.,
apply squeaks or drag chirps -- use wording that best describes the type of noise heard.
6.14.6 Ratings
• Ratings are given from 1 to 10, 10 being best.
• Creep/groan are rated at the beginning of each shift and in both alley evaluations.

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Brake Noise Ratings


10 Absolutely quiet
9 Possible trace
8 Occasional trace to light
7 Frequent light to occasional moderate
6 Frequent light to moderate with occasional heavy
5 Frequent moderate to heavy
4 Constant moderate
3 Constant moderate to heavy
2 Constant heavy
1 Unbearable
Brake Noise Frequency of Occurrence Ratings
5 No noise
4 Noise on < 25% of stops
3 Noise on 25% < 50% of stops
2 Noise on 50% < 75% of stops
1 Noise on > 75% of stops
6.14.7 Other conditions to note
• Drift: The tendency of a car to move right or left when traveling on a straight level road
without brakes being applied. Vehicle in need of alignment.
• Very slight pull: A pull to the right or left of a car during braking which is detectable with
driver’s hands on the steering wheel.
• Pull: A pull to the right or left of a car during braking which required the driver to apply a
minor effort on the steering wheel to maintain the car’s original direction of travel.
• Fade: Temporary reduction of brake effectiveness as a result of heat.
• Odor: A smell noticeable in the passenger compartment originating from the friction
material brake linings during a heavy braking period.
• Smoke: A visible vapor originating in the brakes from the friction material during heavy
braking which can be observed from the passenger compartment.

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6.15 Objective Noise Measurement


• A brake event occurs when the brake light switch is triggered and vehicle speed is above 2
km/h (1.2 mph). Noise data should be logged for each event down to 2 km/h vehicle speed.
• Accelerometers are placed on each wheel brake in a position that can clearly identify when
the brake is a genuine noise source (outboard pad backing plate is preferred location).
• A wheel brake is a noise source at a given frequency when acceleration at that frequency is
significantly above background levels for that brake.
• Peak sound pressure levels (SPL) are measured in dB on the microphone in the cab,
adjacent to the driver’s ear.
• A noise event is counted when a peak measured in the cab coincides with a wheel brake
noise source, with frequencies within +/- 25 Hz. No more than one noise event per wheel
should be counted for each brake event (in the case of several discrete noise events, count
the event with highest SPL).
• Noise events are counted for each wheel and binned in the following SPL intervals :-
• 40-50 dB, 50-60 dB, 60-70dB, 70-80 dB, 80-90 dB, 90-100 dB, over 100 dB.6.16
Brake Noise Indices
6.16.1 Objective Noise Index (ONI)
An objective index based on noise events measured on the microphone at the driver's ear that
are correlated to accelerations at a wheel brake
( Ai N i )left + ( Ai N i ) right
ONI = ∑
i 2 × Ao × N t
where Ni = number of noise events with SPL i (including < 50dB),
Nt = total number of brake applications,
Ai = weighting factor for SPL i,
A0 = weighting factor for SPL < 50 dB.

Weighting (by SPL) for Cab Microphone Events Positively Associated with a Brake
< 50 dB 50 - 60 dB 60-70 dB 70-80 dB 80 dB +

1 40 100 200 600

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6.16.2 Subjective Noise Index (SNI)


A daily index based on subjective noise ratings for all brake applications
Ai N i
SNI = ∑
i Nt
where Ni = number of applications with noise VER i,
Nt = total number of brake applications,
Ai = weighting factor for VER i.

Ai - SNI Weighting for Noise Events Reported by Driver (by VER)


VER 10 VER 9 VER 8 VER 7 VER 6 < VER 6

1 40 100 200 600 2000

7.0 PRESENTATION OF DATA


7.1 Present daily data on the standard format provided in attachment 10, appendix II. The standard
format will be provided on a daily basis and as part of the final report.
7.1.1 Record the following items across the top of driver log sheet and record for each "t#" point:
a. Temperature of lf, rf, lr, rr linings;
b. Time
c. Odometer reading
d. Brake roughness and noise (frequency of occurrence, noise rating and noise count –front
and rear recorded separately).
e. Number of brake applications.
7.1.2 Record Objective Noise Index (ONI), Subjective Noise Index (SNI), ambient temperature,
humidity, and weather conditions for each day on the driver log sheet.
7.2 Tabulate disc plot numbers for on-vehicle LRO, DTV and Drag measurements for disc and
drag measurements for drum brakes before, during and after the test.
7.3 Tabulate disc/drum wear and projected lining/disc and/or drum service life resulting from this
procedure.

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7.4 Plot distribution of front right, front left, right rear, and left rear temperatures; front and rear
pressures; deceleration; brake apply speed; braking time; braking distance; and in stop energy.
Plot the maximum, minimum, and average ambient temperature and relative humidity for each
day of the test. Plot lining temperature and pressure versus % of total readings. The above
plots should be provided for each day and one set of cumulative plots for the entire test. (see
Appendix II)
7.5 For noise data, plot cabin microphone sound pressure level (SPL) versus frequency and
pressure, frequency and temperature, pressure and temperature and number of occurrences
versus SPL level for front and rear. The above plots should be provided for each day. Also
plot the percentage of noisy stops versus frequency and test day.
7.6 Record objective and subjective noise event data using the Standard Report Format provided in
Appendix II.

8.0 REFERENCES
8.1 CETP 06.00-R-600, Brake Vehicle Data Record.
8.2 CETP 06.00-R-601, Measurement of Brake Lining Wear.
8.3 CETP 00.00-R-602, Test Mass Standards.
8.4 FAP03-015, Control, Calibration, and Maintenance of Measurement and Test Equipment.
8.5 FAP03-179, Developing Corporate Engineering Test Procedures.

9.0 RECORD OF REVISIONS


See metadata field "Review Note".

10.0 ATTACHMENTS

Engineering Standards & Systems Engineering (ESSE) Printed copies are uncontrolled.
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE
TITLE: Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) CETP: 06.00-R-412
Supersedes: None 200412 Page 16 of 19

Appendix I: Standard Daily Alley Report Format

Alley Test Evaluation


Temperature
Noise
LF RF LR RR Decel Rating APL.# Rating WB TI AP SQ PO GR HW SQK CHP CYC EOS

0-10 BAR /
0-150 psi LF=Left Front,
RF=Right Front
10-14 BAR / 150- LR=Left Rear, RR=
250 psi Right Rear

14-17 BAR / 200- WB=Wirebrush,


250 psi TI=Tipin,
AP=Apply

17-21 BAR / 250- SQ=Squeal,


300 psi PO=Pinchout,
GR=Grind

10-14 BAR / 150- HW=Howl,


200 psi SQK=Squeak,
CHP=Chirp
0-10 BAR /
CYC=Cycle,
0-150 psi
EOS=End Of Stop
Reverse stops
Reverse stops
Additional stops
Additional stops
Creep Groan

Please note pressures and methods for rear and additional stops as required

Engineering Standards & Systems Engineering (ESSE) Printed copies are uncontrolled.
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE
TITLE: Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) CETP: 06.00-R-412
Supersedes: None 200412 Page 17 of 19

Appendix II: Daily/Final Report Format (page 1 – Data Entry)

Engineering Standards & Systems Engineering (ESSE) Printed copies are uncontrolled.
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE
TITLE: Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) CETP: 06.00-R-412
Supersedes: None 200412 Page 18 of 19

Appendix II: Daily/Final Report Format (page 2 – Management Summary)

Engineering Standards & Systems Engineering (ESSE) Printed copies are uncontrolled.
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE
TITLE: Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) CETP: 06.00-R-412
Supersedes: None 200412 Page 19 of 19

Appendix II: Daily/Final Report Format (page 3 – Additional Data)

Engineering Standards & Systems Engineering (ESSE) Printed copies are uncontrolled.

Common questions

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During alley evaluations in the Los Angeles City Traffic Route for Brakes Key Life Test, specific procedures are implemented to detect and record brake noise. Two alley options are available for both Hot Alley and Cool Down phases of evaluation, and one alley is maintained consistently throughout the test . The procedure involves driving through the alley and making additional stops as needed to detect noises at various pressure points . Noise types and their locations are noted according to a pressure sequence outlined in Appendix I, with a focus on capturing types like creep/groan, tip-in, and squeal . Post-evaluation, data forms are used to score noise events and are recorded on standardized log sheets along with temperature and other performance metrics .

The Los Angeles City Traffic Route for Brakes Key Life Test involves several specific procedures: The process begins with a Canyon Run Part I, which includes making turns on various streets such as Mulholland, Benedict Canyon, and Sunset Blvd . This is followed by a Hot Alley Evaluation where different alley options are used to detect brake noise . There's also a Cooling Loop/City Suburban procedure that involves driving through Hollywood Freeway, Rosewood, Vermont, and other streets, with records taken at specific points . Canyon Runs are segmented into parts, each involving specific routes to evaluate brake efficiency . The test concludes with a sequence on the 110 Freeway, blending onto various highways before returning to the test site . Throughout, the evaluation focuses on brake noise, modulation, and different driving conditions to assess the braking system's reliability .

Brake roughness is evaluated by noting whether there's a pulsation or vibration in the vehicle, which can occur in the brake pedal, steering wheel, or floor pan when braking. This roughness can sometimes be accompanied by a cyclic audible low-frequency noise from the brakes . Heavy roughness is characterized by a strong vibration at the brake pedal and/or steering wheel, usually accompanied by audible noise and visible front-end vibration of the car . These characteristics are recorded as part of the noise and roughness data on driver log sheets during each test segment .

Test accuracy and regulatory compliance during the Brake Key Life Test are assured by adhering to specific procedures and guidelines. Standardized routes and starting times ensure uniform testing conditions across shifts . Regular checks, such as daily tire pressure measurements with 'cold' tires and vehicle wash post each 1600 km segment, maintain consistent test conditions . Data collection involves objective metrics like the Objective Noise Index (ONI) and subjective evaluations like the Subjective Noise Index (SNI). Legal compliance is maintained by observing posted speeds and avoiding unnecessary horn use as per local laws . These methods collectively enhance the reliability and regulatory adherence of the test outcomes.

Creep/groan noise occurs when the brake pedal is slowly released to allow only minimal vehicle movement, typically at low line pressure levels between 5-15 bar (100-200 psi). It is characterized as a grabbing noise that occurs at the end of a slow stop. On the other hand, 'tip-in' noise is specifically associated with low line pressure between 1-15 bar (20-200 psi) and generally occurs when the brake is first applied . Both types of noise are assessed as part of the broader evaluation of brake noise severity and frequency throughout the test procedures .

The methodology for measuring brake noise objectively during the KLT involves placing accelerometers on each wheel brake to identify noise sources at a given frequency . A brake event is defined by the brake light switch activation when vehicle speed exceeds 2 km/h . Noise data is logged down to 2 km/h vehicle speed, and peak sound pressure levels (SPL) are measured adjacent to the driver's ear . Each noise event is identified when it coincides with a wheel brake noise source within ±25 Hz of the measured peak SPL . Counts of noise events are categorized into SPL intervals for analysis. Additionally, the Objective Noise Index (ONI) is calculated based on these events and correlated with braking applications .

Consistency and reliability in the Los Angeles City Traffic Route for Brakes Key Life Test are ensured through several measures: Standardized routes and procedures are followed precisely for each test segment . Consistent data collection points such as temperature, time, odometer readings, and braking conditions are recorded throughout the test . Noise, roughness, and brake performance are measured both objectively (using SPL and accelerometers) and subjectively (via driver feedback), each recorded on standardized driver log sheets . Cumulative plots are generated to analyze pressure, temperature, and noise over the entire test period, ensuring comprehensive data coverage for reliability .

In the Brakes Key Life Test, Objective Noise Index (ONI) and Subjective Noise Index (SNI) play complementary roles in evaluating brake noise performance. ONI utilizes measurable data from brake noise events, using hardware like accelerometers to capture noise frequency during brake applications, weighted by sound pressure levels (SPL). This provides a quantitative assessment of noise levels. Meanwhile, SNI relies on driver experiences and feedback to rate noise severity and frequency during brake events . These indices allow engineers to correlate objective data with human perception of noise, offering a comprehensive picture of brake noise performance .

Drift is noted when there is a tendency of a vehicle to move right or left while traveling on a straight, level road without brake application, indicating the need for an alignment . A 'very slight pull' is detectable when there is a minor, detectable pull to the right or left requiring slight driver input on the steering wheel. 'Pull' indicates a more significant deviation requiring the driver to apply a minor effort on the steering wheel to maintain direction during braking . These conditions are part of the overall assessment of vehicle performance and steering stability during the brake test procedures .

Vehicle alignment is crucial for maintaining straight-line stability during travel and braking. Misalignment can cause the vehicle to drift or pull to one side when braking, requiring corrective steering effort from the driver . This can lead to uneven tire wear, reduced braking efficiency, and potential safety issues. The test documents note these effects can be categorized into 'very slight pull' where minor steering correction is required, to more significant 'pull' where noticeable driver effort is needed, thus impacting the vehicle's overall handling and braking performance . Ensuring proper alignment is part of evaluation to maintain optimal braking function and safety .

CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00
CORPORATE ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE 
TITLE: 
Los Angeles City Traffic Route-For Brakes Key Life Test (KLT) 
 
CETP:  06.00

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