PUB.

173
SAILING DIRECTIONS
(ENROUTE)
★

INDIA AND THE BAY OF BENGAL

Prepared and published by the

NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Springfield, Virginia

© COPYRIGHT 2017 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C.

2017

FOURTEENTH EDITION

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Internet: [Link] Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800
Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001
II

Preface

Pub. 173, Sailing Directions (Enroute) India and the Bay of

7. Mailing address: Maritime Safety Office
0.0

Bengal, Fourteenth Edition, 2017, is issued for use in conjunc-

National Geospatial-Intelligence
tion with Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South
Agency
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. The companion volumes are
Mail Stop N64-SFH
Pubs. 171, 172, 174, and 175.
7500 Geoint Drive
Digital Nautical Chart 3 provides electronic chart coverage
Springfield VA 22150-7500
0.0

for the area covered by this publication.

0.0This publication has been corrected to 6 May 2017, includ-
ing Notice to Mariners No. 18 of 2017. Subsequent updates New editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through the
0.0

have corrected this publication to 27 February 2021, including date of publication shown above. Important information to
Notice to Mariners No. 9 of 2021. amend material in the publication is available is updated as
needed and available as a downloadable corrected publication
Explanatory Remarks from the NGA Maritime Domain web site.

Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial-

0.0
NGA Maritime Safety Office Web Site
Intelligence Agency (NGA) under the authority of Department
of Defense Directive 5105.60, dated 29 July 2009, and pursu- [Link]
ant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10, Chapter
22, Section 451 and Title 44, Section 1336. Sailing Directions,
0.0Courses.—Courses are true, and are expressed in the same
covering the harbors, coasts, and waters of the world, provide
manner as bearings. The directives “steer” and “make good” a
information that cannot be shown graphically on nautical
course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of
charts and is not readily available elsewhere.
origin along a track having the identical meridional angle as
Sailing Directions (Enroute) include detailed coastal and
0.0

the designated course. Vessels following the directives must

port approach information which supplements the largest scale
allow for every influence tending to cause deviation from such
chart produced by the National Geospatial-Intelligence track, and navigate so that the designated course is
Agency. This publication is divided into geographic areas continuously being made good.
called “Sectors.”
0.0Currents.—Current directions are the true directions toward
Bearings.—Bearings are true, and are expressed in degrees
0.0

which currents set.

from 000° (north) to 360°, measured clockwise. General
0.0Distances.—Distances are expressed in nautical miles of 1
bearings are expressed by the initial letters of the points of the
minute of latitude. Distances of less than 1 mile are expressed
compass (e.g. N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb
in meters, or tenths of miles.
endings have been discarded. Wherever precise bearings are
0.0Geographic Names.—Geographic names are generally
intended, degrees are used.
those used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in paren-
Charts.—Reference to charts made throughout this
0.0

theses following another name are alternate names that may

publication refer to both the paper chart and the Digital appear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quoted
Nautical Chart (DNC).
only in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks,
Corrective Information.—Users should refer corrections,
0.0

such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to

additions, and comments to NGA’s Maritime Operations Desk, specific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in the
as follows:
interest of typographical simplicity.
0.0Geographic names or their spellings do not necessarily re-
1. Toll free: 1-800-362-6289 flect recognition of the political status of an area by the United
States Government.
2. Commercial: 571-557-5455 0.0Heights.—Heights are referred to the plane of reference
used for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters.
3. DSN: 547-5455
0.0Internet Links.—This publication provides Internet links to
4. DNC web site: [Link] web sites concerned with maritime navigational safety, includ-
ing but not limited to, Federal government sites, foreign Hy-
5. Maritime Do- [Link] drographic Offices, and foreign public/private port facilities.
main web site: NGA makes no claims, promises, or guarantees concerning the
accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of these
6. E-mail: navsafety@[Link] web sites and expressly disclaims any liability for errors and
omissions in the contents of these web sites.
0.0International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS)
Code.—The ISPS Code is a comprehensive set of measures to
enhance the security of ships and port facilities developed in
response to the perceived threats to ships and port facilities in

Pub. 173
 III

the wake of the 9/11 attacks in the United States. Information Time Zone.—The Time Zone description(s), as well as in-
0.0

on the ISPS Code can be found at the International Maritime formation concerning the use of Daylight Savings Time, are in-
Organization web site: cluded. The World Time Zone Chart is available on the Inter-
net at the web site given below.
International Maritime Organization Home Page
Standard Time Zone of the World Chart
[Link]
[Link]
0.0Lights and Fog Signals.—Lights and fog signals are not
described, and light sectors are not usually defined. The Light U.S. Maritime Advisory System.—The U.S. Maritime
0.0

Lists should be consulted for complete information. Advisory System is a streamlined inter-agency approach to
0.0National Ocean Claims.—Information on national ocean identifying and promulgating maritime security threats. The
claims and maritime boundary disputes, which have been com- system replaces Special Warnings to Mariners (State
piled from the best available sources, is provided solely in the Department), MARAD Advisories (Maritime Administration),
interest of the navigational safety of shipping and in no way and Marine Safety Information Bulletins (U.S. Coast Guard)
constitutes legal recognition by the United States. These non- and consists of the following items:
recognized claims and requirements may include, but are not 1. U.S. Maritime Alert—Provides basic information
limited to: (location, incident, type, date/time) on reported maritime
1. A requirement by a state for advance permission or security threats to U.S. maritime industry interests. U.S.
notification for innocent passage of warships in the territorial Maritime alerts do not contain policy or recommendations
sea. for specific courses of information.
2. Straight baseline, internal waters, or historic waters 2. U.S. Maritime Advisory—Provides more detailed
claims. information, when appropriate, through a “whole-of-gov-
3. The establishment of a security zone, where a state ernment” response to an identified maritime threat.
claims to control activity beyond its territorial sea for securi-
ty reasons unrelated to that state’s police powers in its terri- Maritime Administration (MARAD)—U.S.
tory, including its territorial sea. Maritime Advisory System
0.0Radio Navigational Aids.—Radio navigational aids and ra-
dio weather services are not described in detail. Publication [Link]
No. 117 Radio Navigational Aids and NOAA Publication, Se- office-of-security/msci
lected Worldwide Marine Weather Broadcasts, should be con-
sulted. Winds.—Wind directions are the true directions from which
0.0

0.0Soundings.—Soundings are referred to the datum of the winds blow.

charts and are expressed in meters.
0.0Telephone and Facsimile Numbers.—Within this publica- Reference List
tion, the international telephone and facsimile numbers provid-
ed as contact information contain the minimum digits The principal sources examined in the preparation of this
0.0

necessary to dial. Please note that these contact numbers do not publication were:
include additional digits or special characters, such as (0) or British Hydrographic Department Sailing Directions.
0.0

(+), which may be required when dialing. The necessity of Various port handbooks.
0.0

such digits and characters depend upon numerous factors and Reports from United States Naval and merchant vessels and
0.0

conditions, such as the user's geolocation and service provider. various shipping companies.
Mariners are advised to consult their communications equip- Other U.S. Government publications, reports, and
0.0

ment and service provider user manuals for guidance. documents.

0.0Time.—Time is normally expressed as local time unless Charts, light lists, tide and current tables, and other
0.0

specifically designated as Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). documents in possession of the Agency.

Date of Change: 27 February 2021

Notice to Mariners: 9/2021
Sector Paragraphs
Paragraphs 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.9, 1.10, 1.12, 1.14, 1.16, 1.17, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.24, 1.26,
Sector 1
1.30, 1.31, 1.32, 1.34, and 1.37
Paragraphs 2.6, 2.7, 2.9, 2.10, 2.12, 2.16, 2.19, 2.22, 2.24, 2.30, 2.34, 2.38, 2.40, 2.42,
Sector 2
2.51, and 2.54
Sector 3 Paragraphs 3.3.4, 3.10, 3.12, 3.15, 3.17, 3.18, 3.30,3.32, and 3.33
Sector 4 Paragraphs 4.6, 4.17. 4.24, 4.47, and 4.50

Pub. 173
IV

Date of Change: 27 February 2021

Notice to Mariners: 9/2021
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 5 Paragraphs 5.14 and 5.37
Sector 6 Paragraphs 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, 6.18, 6.27, 6.29, 6.30, 6.41, and 6.46
Sector 7 Paragraphs 7.1, 7.4, 7.5, 7.7, 7.9, 7.14, 7.16, and 7.21
Sector 8 Paragraphs 8.13 and 8.14
Sector 9 Paragraphs 9.32 and 9.42

Date of Change: 26 September 2020

Notice to Mariners: 39/2020
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 1 Paragraph 1.14
Sector 2 Paragraphs 2.7, 2.19, 2.30, 2.38, 2.40, and 2.54
Sector 3 Paragraph 3.25
Sector 4 Paragraphs 4.9 and 4.10
Sector 6 Paragraphs 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, 6.29, and 6.41
Sector 7 Paragraphs 7.14, 7.20, and 7.21

Date of Change: 21 December 2019

Notice to Mariners: 51/2019
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 1 Paragraphs 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.14, 1.17, 1.20, 1.22, and 1.30
Sector 2 Paragraphs 2.6, 2.16, and 2.34
Sector 5 Paragraph 5.37
Sector 8 Paragraph 8.14

Date of Change: 1 June 2019

Notice to Mariners: 22/2019
Sector Paragraphs
Paragraphs 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.10, 1.12, 1.14, 1.16, 1.17, 1.20, 1.22, 1.24, 1.26, 1.30,
Sector 1
1.31, 1.34, 1.35, and 1.37
Paragraphs 2.4, 2.6, 2.7, 2.9, 2.10, 2.12, 2.15, 2.16, 2.19, 2.30, 2.38, 2.40, 2.42, 2.52,
Sector 2
2.53, and 2.54
Sector 3 Paragraphs 3.4, 3.10, 3.15, 3.17, 3.18, 3.21, 3.26, 3.27, 3.30, 3.31, 3.33, and 3.34.
Sector 4 Paragraphs 4.6, 4.17, 4.36, 4.38, and 4.50
Sector 5 Paragraph 5.37
Paragraphs 6.3. 6.5, 6.9, 6.10, 6.13, 6.14, 6.17, 6.24, 6.26, 6.28, 6.29, 6.36, 6.40, and
Sector 6
6.45
Sector 7 Paragraphs 7.4, 7.7, 7.9, 7.14, and 7.21
Sector 8 Paragraphs 8.9, 8.14, and 8.36
Sector 9 Paragraphs 9.8 and 9.42

Pub. 173
 V

Date of Change: 1 December 2018

Notice to Mariners: 48/2018
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 1 Paragraphs 1.14 and 1.20
Sector 2 Paragraphs 2.9, 2.19 and 2.30
Sector 3 Paragraphs 3.17 and 3.30
Sector 4 Paragraphs 4.10 and 4.40
Sector 6 Paragraphs 6.17, 6.36. 6.40, and 6.45
Sector 8 Paragraph 8.14

Date of Change: 2 June 2018

Notice to Mariners: 22/2018
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 1 Paragraphs 1.3, 1.9, 1.10, 1.12 and 1.22
Sector 3 Paragraphs 3.17, 3.18 and 3.30
Sector 5 Paragraph 5.66
Sector 6 Paragraphs 6.14 and 6.36
Sector 7 Paragraph 7.21
Sector 8 Paragraphs 8.3 and 8.14

Date of Change: 25 November 2017

Notice to Mariners: 47/2017
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 1 Paragraphs 1.4 and 1.30
Sector 2 Paragraphs 2.16, 2.19, and 2.54
Sector 6 Paragraphs 6.17, 6.29, and 6.36
Sector 7 Paragraph 7.24

Date of Change: 26 August 2017

Notice to Mariners: 34/2017
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 1 Paragraphs 1.3, 1.9, 1.14, and 1.31
Sector 2 Paragraphs 2.30 and 2.38
Sector 3 Paragraph 3.30
Sector 4 Paragraphs 4.16, 4.40 and 4.52
Sector 6 Paragraph 6.40
Sector 7 Paragraphs 7.10 and 7.39

Pub. 173
Pub. 173

0.0 SECTOR LIMITS—PUB. 173

VII
. Conversion Tables

Feet to Meters
Feet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 0.30 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74
10 3.05 3.35 3.66 3.96 4.27 4.57 4.88 5.18 5.49 5.79
20 6.10 6.40 6.71 7.01 7.32 7.62 7.92 8.23 8.53 8.84
30 9.14 9.45 9.75 10.06 10.36 10.67 10.97 11.28 11.58 11.89
40 12.19 12.50 12.80 13.11 13.41 13.72 14.02 14.33 14.63 14.93
50 15.24 15.54 15.85 16.15 16.46 16.76 17.07 17.37 17.68 17.98
60 18.29 18.59 18.90 19.20 19.51 19.81 20.12 20.42 20.73 21.03
70 21.34 21.64 21.95 22.25 22.55 22.86 23.16 23.47 23.77 24.08
80 24.38 24.69 24.99 25.30 25.60 25.91 26.21 26.52 26.82 27.13
90 27.43 27.74 28.04 28.35 28.65 28.96 29.26 29.57 29.87 30.17

Fathoms to Meters
Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 1.83 3.66 5.49 7.32 9.14 10.97 12.80 14.63 16.46
10 18.29 20.12 21.95 23.77 25.60 27.43 29.26 31.09 32.92 34.75
20 36.58 38.40 40.23 42.06 43.89 45.72 47.55 49.38 51.21 53.03
30 54.86 56.69 58.52 60.35 62.18 64.01 65.84 67.67 69.49 71.32
40 73.15 74.98 76.81 78.64 80.47 82.30 84.12 85.95 87.78 89.61
50 91.44 93.27 95.10 96.93 98.75 100.58 102.41 104.24 106.07 107.90
60 109.73 111.56 113.39 115.21 117.04 118.87 120.70 122.53 124.36 126.19
70 128.02 129.85 131.67 133.50 135.33 137.16 138.99 140.82 142.65 144.47
80 146.30 148.13 149.96 151.79 153.62 155.45 157.28 159.11 160.93 162.76
90 164.59 166.42 168.25 170.08 171.91 173.74 175.56 177.39 179.22 181.05

Meters to Feet
Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 3.28 6.56 9.84 13.12 16.40 19.68 22.97 26.25 29.53
10 32.81 36.09 39.37 42.65 45.93 49.21 52.49 55.77 59.06 62.34
20 65.62 68.90 72.18 75.46 78.74 82.02 85.30 88.58 91.86 95.14
30 98.42 101.71 104.99 108.27 111.55 114.83 118.11 121.39 124.67 127.95
40 131.23 134.51 137.80 141.08 144.36 147.64 150.92 154.20 157.48 160.76
50 164.04 167.32 170.60 173.88 177.16 180.45 183.73 187.01 190.29 193.57
60 196.85 200.13 203.41 206.69 209.97 213.25 216.54 219.82 223.10 226.38
70 229.66 232.94 236.22 239.50 242.78 246.06 249.34 252.62 255.90 259.19
80 262.47 265.75 269.03 272.31 275.59 278.87 282.15 285.43 288.71 291.99
90 295.28 298.56 301.84 305.12 308.40 311.68 314.96 318.24 321.52 324.80

Meters to Fathoms
Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 0.55 1.09 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.37 4.92
10 5.47 6.01 6.56 7.11 7.66 8.20 8.75 9.30 9.84 10.39
20 10.94 11.48 12.03 12.58 13.12 13.67 14.22 14.76 15.31 15.86
30 16.40 16.95 17.50 18.04 18.59 19.14 19.68 20.23 20.78 21.33
40 21.87 22.42 22.97 23.51 24.06 24.61 25.15 25.70 26.25 26.79
50 27.34 27.89 28.43 28.98 29.53 30.07 30.62 31.17 31.71 32.26
60 32.81 33.36 33.90 34.45 35.00 35.54 36.09 36.64 37.18 37.73
70 38.28 38.82 39.37 39.92 40.46 41.01 41.56 42.10 42.65 43.20
80 43.74 44.29 44.84 45.38 45.93 46.48 47.03 47.57 48.12 48.67
90 49.21 49.76 50.31 50.85 51.40 51.95 52.49 53.04 53.59 54.13

VIII Pub. 173

 IX

. Abbreviations

The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

Units
°C degree(s) Centigrade km kilometer(s)
cm centimeter(s) m meter(s)
cu.m. cubic meter(s) mb millibars
dwt deadweight tons MHz megahertz
FEU forty-foot equivalent units mm millimeter(s)
gt gross tons nt net tons
kHz kilohertz TEU twenty-foot equivalent units

Directions
N north S south
NNE northnortheast SSW southsouthwest
NE northeast SW southwest
ENE eastnortheast WSW westsouthwest
E east W west
ESE eastsoutheast WNW westnorthwest
SE southeast NW northwest
SSE southsoutheast NNW northnorthwest

Vessel types
LASH Lighter Aboard Ship Ro-ro Roll-on Roll-off
LNG Liquified Natural Gas ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier
LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier
OBO Ore/Bulk/Oil VLOC Very Large Ore Carrier
Lo-lo Lift-on Lift-off FSO Floating Storage and Offloading
NGL Natural Gas Liquids FSU Floating Storage Unit
Floating Production Storage and
FSRU Floating Storage and Regasification Unit FPSO
Offloading

Time
ETA estimated time of arrival GMT Greenwich Mean Time
ETD estimated time of departure UTC Coordinated Universal Time

Water level
MSL mean sea level LWS low water springs
HW high water MHWN mean high water neaps
LW low water MHWS mean high water springs
MHW mean high water MLWN mean low water neaps
MLW mean low water MLWS mean low water springs
HWN high water neaps TFW Tropical Fresh Water
HWS high water springs HAT highest astronomical tide
LWN low water neaps LAT lowest astronomical tide

Communications
D/F direction finder MF medium frequency
R/T radiotelephone HF high frequency
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System VHF very high frequency
LF low frequency UHF ultra high frequency

Navigation
LANBY Large Automatic Navigation Buoy SBM Single Buoy Mooring
NAVSAT Navigation Satellite SPM Single Point Mooring
ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System TSS Traffic Separation Scheme
CBM Conventional Buoy Mooring System VTC Vessel Traffic Center
MBM Multi-Buoy Mooring System VTS Vessel Traffic Service

Pub. 173
X

The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

CALM Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring

Miscellaneous
Maritime Mobile Service Identity
AIS Automatic Identification System MMSI
Code
COLREGS Collision Regulations No./Nos. Number/Numbers
International Association of Lighthouse PA Position approximate
IALA
Authorities PD Position doubtful
IHO International Hydrographic Organization Pub. Publication
International Convention for
IMO International Maritime Organization SOLAS
Safety of Life at Sea
IMDG Intermational Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
LOA length overall St./Ste. Saint/Sainte
International Ship and Port facility
UKC Under keel clearance ISPS
Security
International Convention on the Tonnage Electronic Chart Display and
ITC ECDIS
Measurement of Ships (1969) Information System

Pub. 173
 Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
Chartlet—Sector Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
Conversion Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX

Sector 1
Sector 1—Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head (including the Gulf of Kachchh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Sector 2
Sector 2—India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama, including the Gulf of Cambay and Mumbai (Bombay) . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Sector 3
Sector 3—India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Sector 4
Sector 4—Sri Lanka (including the Gulf of Mannar, Palk Strait, and Palk Bay) and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Cal-
imere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Sector 5
Sector 5—The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Sector 6
Sector 6—India—East Coast—Point Calimere to Balisahi Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Sector 7
Sector 7—India—East Coast—Balisahi Point to New Moore Island—Bangladesh and Burma—West Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Sector 8
Sector 8—Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Sector 9
Sector 9—The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Index—Gazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Pub. 173 XI
 1. cluding the Gulf of Kachchh)
Sector 1—Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head (in-

Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
1.0

SECTOR 1 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173

1
 3

SECTOR 1
PAKISTAN AND THE WEST COAST OF INDIA—RAS MUARI TO DIU HEAD (INCLUDING
THE GULF OF KACHCHH)

Plan.—This sector describes the coasts of Pakistan and India

1.0 1.2A submarine cable is laid from Hawkes Bay, leading S, then
between Ras Muari and Diu Head (20°41'N., 70°50'E.), includ- WSW and W, passing about 4.5 miles S of Ras Muari.
ing the Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch). The sector includes 1.2Manora Point (24°47'N., 66°59'E.), forming the W side of
the port of Karachi. The arrangement of the sector is from NW the entrance to Karachi, is a perpendicular cliff at the SE end of
to SE. a narrow hill, about 29m high. Manora Point Light is shown
from a red circular tower with white bands, 38m high, about
Ras Muari to Karachi 0.3 mile NNW of Manora Point. The signal station for commu-
nicating with vessels outside the harbor is a conspicuous lattice
1.1 Ras Muari (Cape Monze) (24°47'N., 66°39'E.) is the tower, 42.5m high, about 91m WSW of the light structure.
W extremity of a sloping headland which rises to a pointed New Manora Breakwater extends about 0.6 mile SSE from
summit about 148m high, about 0.8 mile E of the headland. Manora Point.
The Jhil Range, a ridge with a nearly level crest with several re- 1.2A lighted buoy, moored off the edge of the coastal bank
markable hummocks on it, extends about 10 miles NE of Ras about 3 miles SSE of Manora Point, marks the N edge of a
Muari; the highest hummock, 234m high, lies about 3.5 miles spoil ground and is on station from September to May. Its posi-
E of Ras Muari. Ras Muari lies about 17 miles W of the en- tion is approximate and is liable to be washed away or with-
trance to Karachi and is the most likely landfall for vessels ap- drawn frequently.
proaching Karachi from W.
1.1Ras Muari Light, shown from a concrete tower, 51m high Karachi (24°47'N., 66°59'E.)
and painted in horizontal white and black bands, is situated on
the coast about 1 mile SE of Ras Muari. World Port Index No. 48600
1.1There are ten major lights in the area covered by this sector.
In addition to the light on Ras Muari, they are Manora Point 1.3 Karachi, the principal sea and rail terminal of Pakistan,
Light, Khuddi Light, Jakhau Light, Chhachhi Light, Navinal is the gateway to the fertile regions of the interior. Karachi is the
Point Light, Mandvi Light, Pirotan Island Light, Kalubhar Ta- largest and leading industrial city of Pakistan. Karachi Harbor is
pu Light, and Humani Point Light. divided into three main parts, namely Lower Harbor, Upper Har-
1.1Churma Island (24°54'N., 66°36'E.), 179m high, lies about bor and Pakistan Deep Water Container Port (PDWCP). Most
4 miles NW of Ras Muari. moorings and all oil piers are located in the Lower Harbor,
1.1Beauchamp Reef, a narrow ridge of sand, gravel, and shell, which is situated within the harbor entrance and extends about
with a least depth of 15m, extends about 3 miles NW from a 1.5 miles NNW; all other alongside berths are in Upper Harbor
position about 4 miles W of Ras Muari. which extends generally NNE from Lower Harbor for about 2
1.1A spit, with depths of less than 18.3m, extends about 3.5 miles. PDWCP lies E of Lower Harbor.
miles SW of Ras Muari Light. Nancowry Shoal, consisting of a
series of sand, gravel, and coral ridges, with depths of less than Karachi Port Trust Home Page
11m, lies on the inshore part of this spit. Two patches, 11 and
10m, lie on the spit, about 1.5 and 2.3 miles, respectively, SW [Link]
of Ras Muari Light.
1.1The coast from Ras Muari to Buleji Point (Goth Jafar), about 1.3Winds—Weather.—The Southwest Monsoon, which gener-
9 miles E, is rocky and backed by the Jhil Range. It is low and ally runs from June to September, is characterized by high hu-
sandy to Manora Point, about 8.5 miles farther ESE. midity, high temperature, and strong winds. In addition to the
1.1Caution.—A dangerous wreck is charted 27 miles S of Ka- rain, which generally reaches Karachi in the latter part of July,
rachi. the Southwest Monsoon wind brings with it fine alluvial sand,
1.1A submarine exercise area extends up to 40 miles WNW, 50 which continuously blankets the city. Some squalls reaching
miles SW, and 25 miles SSE of Ras Muari. Naval exercises force 6-7 will occur during the Southwest Monsoon.
take place S and W of Ras Muari. 1.3The Northeast Monsoon (December through March) is char-
1.1Foul ground and shoal water, with depths of less than 9.1m, acterized by a relatively cool dry land breeze from the NE. Fog
extend nearly 2 miles SSE of Buleji Point. Shoals, with depths or mist is common at dawn and dusk during the winter months.
of 9.1 to 10.3m, lie up to 2.8 miles S of the point. 1.3Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Karachi is 2.0m at
1.1A prohibited anchorage area, best seen on the chart, lies SW HWS and 1.2m at HWN.
of Buleji Point. 1.3Tides at Karachi are semidiurnal and show a pronounced di-
urnal inequality at times, particularly at LW, occasionally fall-
1.2 Hawkes Bay, E of Buleji Point, has general depths of ing below the level of the chart datum.
less than 5.5m. A rock, with depths of less than 1.8m, lies in 1.3In the outer anchorage, the flood current sets E and the ebb
the middle of the entrance to the bay. current, which is scarcely perceptible, sets W.

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4 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

1.3The flood current sets E across the SE end of Manora Break- 12m.
water at a velocity of 2 knots, then into the channel and harbor 1.3The maximum draft for the W part of Upper Harbor is 8.8m.
toward the S end of W wharf, where it branches into both the Vessels with drafts of 8m and deeper may enter or depart on
Upper Harbor and Baba Channel. In the Upper Harbor, it is HW only. On the W bank are the naval dockyard and West
strongest on the W side; its greatest velocity in the entrance is Wharf, while on the E bank lies East Wharf. New Channel
about 2 knots. leads W of the naval dockyard and the West Wharf. It has a
1.3The ebb current sets down the channel until abreast the oil width of 106.7m and it is dredged to a depth of 7.3m.
facilities on the E side of Lower Harbor, where it sets strongly 1.3When berthing, vessels are advised to let go an anchor in
toward the E side of the channel. Its greatest velocity is about 3 midstream to enable them to haul-off when leaving; however,
knots at springs. attention should be paid to unreliable holding ground, for the
1.3On the flood tidal currents, during the Southwest Monsoon, anchor may drag when casting off.
a considerable swell rolls into the Lower Harbor, making boat 1.3Along E side of the Lower Harbor channel are three oil piers.
work at the Manora piers, which are situated on the W side of Berthing information is given in the table titledKarachi—
the Lower Harbor NW of Manora Point, hazardous. Berth Information. There is a turning basin abreast Berth OP-
1, which has a dredged depth of 10.4m.
1.3On the W side of the channel, between Bunker Island and
Baba Pool, are six head and stern mooring berths which can ac-
commodate vessels up to 183m in length. LASH vessels up to
229m in length, 50,000 dwt, a beam of 30.4m, with a maxi-
mum draft of 8.2m, berth abreast Bunker Island. Caution is
necessary as many stranded and dangerous wrecks, best seen
on the chart, lie in the vicinity of the mooring buoys between
the LASH moorings and Baba Pool.
1.3Berthing information for East Wharf, West Wharf, and the
Lower Harbor oil facilities are given in the accompanying table
titled Karachi—Berth Information.
1.3Pakistan Deep Water Container Port (PDWCP) comprises
four container berths on the W side of the basin, orientated
SSE/NNW. Access to PDWCP is through Tipu Sultan Channel.
The channel and basin are dredged to 16m (2017).
Karachi 1.3Two drydocks are available. The largest one is 246m long
and 27m wide, with a sill depth of 5.4m, accommodating ves-
1.3Depths—Limitations.—The depths in the port of Karachi sels up to 25,000 dwt. The other drydock is 176m long and
are reduced to the chart datum measured from the lowest astro- 24m wide, with a sill depth of 4.8m, accommodating vessels
nomical tide. Silting in the channel usually occurs during the up to 18,000 dwt.
Southwest Monsoon. Due to the varying depths at berths and 1.3Aspect.—The Lower Harbor is that portion of the harbor be-
silting in the channels, dredging in the harbor is continuously tween the entrance and the S end of East Wharf. Kiamari Groin
in progress to maintain the charted depth as far as possible. forms the NE side of the Lower Harbor. The oiling pier lies in
Vessels should enter the harbor on the first or last flood tidal the NE part of the outer harbor. Extensive oil storage installa-
current if at all possible. tions in the vicinity of the oiling pier are visible from a consid-
1.3The channel from Lighted Buoy S1/Lighted Buoy P1, about erable distance.
1 mile NE of the Fairway Lighted Buoy, to Lighted Buoy S3A/ 1.3The Upper Harbor is formed between East Wharf on its E
Lighted Buoy P3, close SE of the head of Manora Breakwater, side and West Wharf on its W side. Kiamari, a small town built
from which a light is exhibited on Manora Point, is dredged to on a sand ridge, lies E of the S part of East Wharf.
a depth of 16m. From this position to a position ENE of Mano- 1.3The new part of Karachi, at the head of the Upper Harbor,
ra Point, the channel is dredged to a depth of 12.2m. Lower contains many fine buildings, while that part closest to the har-
Harbor and Upper Harbor channels are dredged to a depth of bor is closely-built and crowded.

Karachi—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft
East Wharf
Chemicals, vegetable oils, fertilizer, grain, mineral ore, and bun-
No. 1 157m 11.0m 228m 10.6m
kers. Continuous berthing length of 474m.
No. 2 146m — — 10.7m Fertilizer, grain, and mineral ore. Continuous berthing length
No. 3 171m — — 10.7m 474m.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 5

Karachi—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft
No. 4 137m — 200m 10.7m Fertilizer, grain, mineral ore, and breakbulk.
No. 5 204m — 200m 10.7m Fertilizer, grain, mineral ore, and breakbulk.
No. 10 134m — 250m 13.0m
No. 11 168m — 250m 13.0m
No. 12 148m — 250m 13.0m
No. 13 168m — 250m 13.0m
Breakbulk. Continuous berthing length of 1,230m.
No. 14 148m — 229m 9.7m
No. 15 148m — 225m 9.8m
No. 16 168m — 229m 9.8m
No. 17 148m — 199m 9.8m
West Wharf
No. 18 144m — 140m 9.5m Project/heavy cargo and breakbulk.
No. 19 165m — 160m 9.5m Project/heavy cargo and breakbulk.
No. 20 165m — 160m 9.5m Project/heavy cargo and breakbulk.
No. 21 162m — 160m 9.5m Project/heavy cargo and breakbulk.
No. 22 — — 150m 7.5m Closed (2019).
No. 23 168m — 150m 7.5m Closed (2019).
No. 24 168m — — 10.0m Cement, project/heavy cargo, and breakbulk.
No. 25 168m — — 10.0m Cement, project/heavy cargo, and breakbulk.
Karachi International Container Terminal (KICT)
No. 26 — 13.5m 340m 13.0m
No. 27 — 13.5m 340m 13.0m
No. 28 — 13.5m 340m 13.0m Container. Continuous berthing length of 963m.
No. 29 — 13.5m 340m 13.0m
No. 30 — 13.5m 340m 13.0m
Pakistan Deep Water Container Port (PDWCP)
No. 1 375m 16.0m 400m —
No. 2 375m 16.0m 400m —
Container. Continuous berthing length of 1,500m.
No. 3 375m 16.0m 400m —
No. 4 375m 16.0m 400m —
Pakistan International Container Terminal (PICT)
No. 6 177m 13.5m 305m 13.0m
No. 7 119m 13.5m 305m 13.0m
Container. Continuous berthing length of 604m.
No. 8 146m 13.5m 305m 13.0m
No. 9 162m 13.5m 305m 13.0m
Karachi Terminal
Clean products, crude, and bunkers. Maximum beam of 44m.
OP-1 314m 13.7m 259m 13.00m
Maximum size of 75,000dwt.

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6 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Karachi—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft
Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products, crude, vegetable oil, and
OP-2 295m 13.7m 259m 11.88m
bunkers. Maximum beam of 44m. Maximum size of 75,000dwt.
Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products, crude, dirty products,
OP-3 290m 14.0m 259m 12.50m bunkers, and vegetable oil. Maximum beam of 44m. Maximum size
of 75,000dwt.

1.3When approaching Karachi from S and passing the Indus greater than 170m must arrive, sail, and shift berth during day-
Delta, the landmarks are not good. Land is not generally seen light hours only.
before sighting Manora Point. During the Southwest Monsoon, 1.3The following vessels may navigate in the harbor only be-
this approach is particularly hazardous. There is a continuous tween LW and 1 hour before HW:
haze and overcast during this season, making visual determina- 1. Cargo vessels greater than 288m long.
tion of the ship’s position difficult. From the W, Ras Muari 2. Tankers greater that 259m long berthing at OP-1 and
makes a good landfall. OP-2.
1.3Several groups of large square buildings are distinguishable
at Clifton, situated on some low sand hills, about 3 miles E of 1.3It has been reported (1995) that vessels are not allowed to
depart the harbor on the ebb current.
Manora Point.
Although Fridays are weekly holidays, the port will impose a
At night, the lights on East Wharf can be seen from some
1.3

1.3

fine for vessels not working cargo on this day.

distance seaward and care is necessary not to mistake them for
Signals.—The signal station for communicating with vessels
navigational lights when approaching the port. Three conspicu-
1.3

ous chimneys, one of which emits a flare, stand about 8 miles E outside the harbor is the tower WSW of Manora Point Light.
of Manora Point. This tower, which is manned continuously, will flash the Morse
Code Letter “U” if a vessel appears to be lying into danger.
1.3Bara Andai, 28m high, lies about 1 mile ENE of Manora
Point and is the S islet of Oyster Rocks. 1.3Storm signals, using the General System, are displayed from
the Manora Point Light signal station and from the N entrance
1.3Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels of 200 gt and
of Boat Basin, about 1.5 miles N of the Manora Point Light
over. Pilots board incoming vessels 24 hours in the vicinity of
signal station. Further information on these storm signals may
the Fairway Lighted Buoy (24°43.41'N., 66°55.78'E.). Pilots
be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
are requested by VHF. The Manora Point Light signal station
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
will advise the vessel if rough weather prohibits the pilot from
nals.”
boarding.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Karachi—Con-
Karachi Harbor maintains a 24-hour watch on VHF channels
1.3

1.3

tact Information.
12 and 16. The Karachi Pilot can be contacted (call sign: Man-
ora Port Control) on VHF channels 8, 9, 11, 12, and 16. Kara-
chi Coast Radio can be used for passing messages. Karachi—Contact Information
INMARSAT communication is also possible. Port Authority
1.3A vessel, while awaiting the pilot, should heave-to with its
head to wind and sea and, on the approach of the pilot boat, VHF VHF channels 12, 14, 16, and 20
bring the wind and sea on the port quarter and lower an accom- 92-21-992-14530 thru 14541
modation ladder on the lee side. Telephone
92-21-992-14321
1.3Regulations.—Ships should contact Karachi Port Trust
(KPT) for reporting ETAs, with the following information: 92-21-992-14329
1. Vessels name and flag. Facsimile
92-21-992-14330
2. Net registered tons and gross tons.
3. Length overall. E-mail gmo@[Link]
4. Draft. Web site [Link]
5. Loading/discharging information.
1.3Container vessels should send their initial ETA 7 days prior Al-Hamd International Container Terminal
arrival; all others should send their ETA 15 days in advance. Telephone 92-21-323-52660
Subsequent ETAs should be transmitted by all vessel types at
intervals of 96 hours, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours prior ar- Facsimile 92-21-323-51556
rival. E-mail info@[Link]
1.3Inbound vessels should maintain a listening watch on VHF
channel 12 when the pilot boards. Outbound vessels should Web site [Link]
maintain a listening watch on VHF channel 12 from 30 min- Refineria Gibraltar (CEPSA) Terminal
utes prior to departure until when outside the port limits.
Telephone 92-21-323-52660
1.3Vessels with their bridge structure aft and having a length

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 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 7

Karachi—Contact Information
Facsimile 92-21-323-51556
E-mail info@[Link]
Web site [Link]
Karachi International Container Terminal
Telephone 91-21-323-16401
Facsimile 91-21-323-13816
E-mail info@[Link]
Web site [Link]
Pakistan International Container Terminal
Telephone 92-21-328-55701 thru 55709
Facsimile 92-21-328-55715
E-mail helpdesk@[Link]
Web site [Link]
Pilots
Call sign Manora Pilot Control
VHF VHF channels 8, 9, 11, 12, and 16 Courtesy of Waqas Usman
Manora Light

1.3Anchorage.—Anchoring is prohibited within the area, best entrance. Vessels should then steer through the buoyed channel
seen on the charts, which extends 5 miles SW from Manora on course 220° until the Fairway Lighted Buoy is passed clear.
Breakwater. Anchorage is also prohibited within an area, best However, as stated previously, Manora Point Light should not
seen on the chart, extending about 2 miles SSW from a posi- be brought to bear less than 030°.
tion about 1.5 miles NW of Manora Point. 1.3Caution.—No vessel should proceed within 2 miles of the
1.3From September to May, ships can anchor off Karachi out- harbor entrance without local knowledge. Vessels should not
side the charted prohibited anchorage areas, as convenient ac- attempt to enter the harbor without a pilot.
cording to draft; ships are recommended not to anchor in 1.3Several vessels approaching Karachi from S have grounded
depths less than 9m and during April and May, they should an- on the banks off the Indus Delta through failure to sound and
chor farther offshore in depths not less than 12m. for not making due allowance for the SE set.
1.3Vessels should not anchor off Karachi during the Southwest 1.3Dangey Patches, rocky heads with a least depth of 10.4m, lie
Monsoon, as several vessels have lost anchors and cables while about 1.5 miles WSW of Manora Point. Three dangerous
attempting to do so. wrecks lie within the red sector of Bari Andai Light, about 3
1.3Upon arrival at the anchorage, vessels should report the fol- miles S, 5.8 miles S, and 4.3 miles SSE, respectively, of Bara
lowing information: Andai Island.
1. Time of arrival. 1.3Dangerous or stranded wrecks lie within 1, 6, and 9 miles
2. Vessel name and flag. SW of Manora Point Light. Other dangerous wrecks lie 5 miles
3. Cargo. SSW, 2.5 and 4.8 miles WSW, and 5 miles W of Manora Point
4. Position. Light. These dangerous wrecks may not be marked by buoys.
1.3Directions.—The best approach is with Manora Point Light Other dangerous wrecks are reported (2014) to lie approxi-
bearing about 040° until the Fairway Lighted Buoy is sighted mately 1.9 miles ESE of the Fairway Lighted Buoy and 5.4
and closed. It is dangerous to proceed within 2 miles of the har- miles SSW of Buleji Point.
bor entrance, and under no circumstance should a vessel at-
tempt to enter the harbor without a pilot. The lighthouse should Approach to Muhammad Bin Qasim
not be brought to bear less than 030° due to the heavy rollers
and swell on the edge of the flats. 1.4 Phitti Creek (24°40'N., 67°09'E.) is entered 11 miles
1.3The channel is marked on either side by lighted buoys and a SE of Manora Point, between Bundal Island, which is low and
Front and Rear Leading light. sandy, and Zulfiquar Bank (24°39.6'N., 67°08.1'E.), which
1.3The best time to enter Karachi is on the first or last of the dries 0.6m. A tower, with an elevation of 24m, lies close NE of
flood tidal current. A vessel should swing to an anchor and the SE extremity of Bundal Island.
berth with its head S. When berthing during the Southwest A bank, formerly known as Surveyor’s Sand (24°39.7'N.,
1.4

Monsoon, it is advisable to drop an anchor in midstream to as- 67°07.2'E.), is a drying patch with its SW extremity lying 1.5
sist in hauling off. miles SW of Bundal Island. Range lights lead through the outer
1.3When leaving the harbor, the pilot disembarks at the harbor part of Ahsan Channel. The rear range light stands off the SE

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8 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

end of Surveyor’s Sand. dredges. Except in the entrance channel, the current mostly fol-
1.4Phitti Creek is approached by Ahsan Channel, which leads lows the direction of the creek.
through the shallow flat fronting the entrance. This entrance is 1.5Depths—Limitations.—Access to the port is through a 24-
marked by Fairway Lighted Buoy, moored 7.5 miles SSW of mile long channel, divided into three sections beginning with
the rear range light on Surveyor’s Sand. The outer anchorage Ahsan Channel. Ahsan Channel is approximately 9 miles long
area is centered about 2 miles W of Fairway Lighted Buoy. The and maintained to a depth of 15.3m. From the vicinity of Bud-
least depth in the anchorage is 17m, good holding ground, mud do Island and Zulfiquar Bank, the channel continues through
and sand. A waiting area lies close E of the channel and N of Phitti Creek and Kadiro Creek, both maintained to a depth of
Zulfiquar Bank. 14.0m, to a turning basin off the Iron Ore and Coal Berth, a
1.4Bundal Island, composed of sand dunes, lies W of Muchak distance of 13 miles. From this jetty, the PQEPC Channel, with
Island which is a small strip of land always visible at the SW a dredged depth of 13.0m, traverses Gharo Creek to the
end of Buddo Island. Buddo Island is a low-lying area of man- PQEPC Terminal, 2 miles farther up the creek.
groves and mudflats. There are several mooring buoys in the 1.5The Emergency Anchorage and Turning Basin off the Iron
channel E of Bundal Island. A prominent building stands on Ore and Coal Jetty is dredged to 14.0m (2012). The Emergency
the E side of Bundal Island, 0.8 miles N of its S extremity; a Anchorage and Turning Basin off the Qasim International Con-
beacon stands on the NE point of the island. tainer Terminal 2 is dredged to 15.0m (2012). The Emergency
1.4Anchorage.—Anchorage in 19 to 23m, good holding Anchorage and Turning Basin off the Qasim International Con-
ground, mud and sand, can be obtained in the Offshore Outer tainer Terminal 1 is dredged to 13.5m (2012). The Turning Ba-
Anchorage Area, W of the Fairway Buoy. Oil and gas tanker sin off the PQEPC Terminal is dredged to 13.0m (2017).
anchorage areas lie SW of the Fairway Buoy. The limits of the
anchorage areas can best be seen on the chart. During the
heavy swells of the Southwest Monsoon, vessels should anchor
near the W end of the anchorage area and pay out extra cable.
1.4Caution.—During the Southwest Monsoon, a heavy swell is
also encountered in Ahsan Channel. During this period, sus-
pended dust in the air also results in reduced visibility. Fog or
mist may also be encountered during the winter months at dusk
and at dawn.

Muhammad Bin Qasim (24°46'N., 67°21'E.)

World Port Index No. 48605

1.5 Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is the second largest port

in Pakistan and is situated in Phitti Creek, 32 miles SE from the
center of Karachi. Constructed in the late 1970s, it is capable of
handling vessels of up to 75,000 dwt and 295m in length, with
a draft of 12.6m. Muhammad Bin Qasim

Port Qasim Authority Home Page 1.5The width of the channel ranges from 185 to 280m in the ap-
proach and from 145 to 250m in the reach channel. The turning
[Link] basins are 370m and 450m in diameter.
1.5Dredging of the channel is continuous, but silting is liable to
Tides—Currents.—The spring tidal current of 3 knots on
1.5 occur, particularly during the Southwest Monsoon. Buoys are
the flood and 5 knots on the ebb are normal in Phitti Creek and liable to drag and are moved frequently to mark the best chan-
vessels should proceed with caution, especially in passing the nel.

Port Muhammand Bin Qasim—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft
FAP Marine Terminal
Fertilizer, grain, and breakbulk. Berthing length
FAP Berth 300m — 387m 12.8m
of 390m (including dolphins)
Pakistan International Bulk Terminal (PIBT)
East Berth 230m — — 13.0m Cement, clinker, and coal. Continuous berth
length of 460m. Berthing length of 560m (in-
West Berth 230m — — 13.0m cluding dolphins),

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 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 9

Port Muhammand Bin Qasim—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft
Pakistan Steel Mills Terminal
IOCB Berth 279m — 230m 11.5m Coal, iron ore, steel products, and bunkers.
Port Qasim Coal Power Plant
Coal Berth 280m — — — Coal
Qasim International Container Terminals
No. 1 355m 13.0m 295m 11.0m Ro-ro freight, containers, and reefers. Continu-
No. 2 355m 13.0m 295m 11.0m ous berthing length of 710m.
No. 3 305m 16.0m 310m 13.0m Containers and reefers. Continuous berthing
No. 4 305m 16.0m 310m 13.0m length of 610m.
Multipurpose Terminals
MW-1 200m 12.2m 185m 10.0m Chemicals, crude, coal, clean products, dirty
MW-2 200m 12.2m 185m 10.0m products, cement, ro-ro passenger/vehicle/rail,
project/heavy, vegetable oils, fertilizer, steel
MW-3 200m 12.2m 225m 10.5m products, breakbulk, and multipurpose. Contin-
MW-4 200m 12.2m 225m 10.5m uous berthing length of 800m.
Tanker Terminals
Engro Elengy Terminal
Chemicals, LNG, and LPG. Berthing length of
FSRU Exquisite 58m 14.0m 315m —
375m (including dolphins).
Engro Vopak Chemical Terminal (EVTL)
Chemical gases, chemicals, and LPG. Berthing
EVTL-13 40m 12.5m 225m 11.0m
length 324m (including dolphins).
FOTCO Oil Terminal
Clean products, crude, and dirty products.
QP-1 55m 12.8m 245m 11.0m
Berthing length of 280m (including dolphins).
Liquid Cargo Terminal (LCT)
Vegetable oils. Berthing length of 240m (in-
LCT Berth 27m 11.4m 185m 10.0m
cluding dolphins).
Pakistan Gasport LNG Import Terminal (PGPCL)
FSRU BW LNG. Shuttle tankers will take LNG to the FS-
230m 13.5m 345m 11.9m
Integrity RU during STS operations via cryogenic hoses.
SSGC LPG Terminals
LPG. Berthing length of 228m (including dol-
LPG Berth 30m 10.9m 163m 10.0m
phins).

Specific berth information can be found in the table titled

1.5 HW.
Port Muhammand Bin Qasim—Berth Information. 1.5Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA is required 72 hours, 48
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots board 1.5 miles
1.5 hours, and 24 hours in advance; messages are to be sent to the
SW of Fairway Lighted Buoy. In bad weather, the pilot may Deputy Conservator. Vessels should contact Port Qasim Con-
board in the waiting area or in the channel abreast the SE end trol 6 hours prior to arrival on VHF channel 16.
of Bundal Island. The pilot boat is gray-hulled with a white 1.5The ETA message should contain the following information:
superstructure. 1. Vessel name and flag.
Deep-draft vessels are normally boarded by the pilot about
1.5 2. Net registered tonnage.
2.5 hours prior to HW, in order to assure that vessels berth at 3. Gross registered tonnage.

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10 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

4. Length overall. 1. February to September—The set is usually SE, with

5. Draft. the strongest consistency occurring from June to August.
6. Loading/discharging information. 2. October—The currents are variable.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Port Muham-
1.5 3. November to January—The set is usually NW.
mand Bin Qasim—Contact Information. 1.6The rate of the current is usually less than 1 knot, but a rate
of as much as 2 knots can occur, usually from June through
Port Muhammand Bin Qasim—Contact Information August and in December.
1.6Tidal currents at the mouths of the Indus Delta are strong,
Port Authority
and can attain the following rates at ebb:
92-21-992-72111 thru 72130 1. Phitti Creek (24°40'N., 67°09'E.)—3 knots.
2. Dabbo Creek (24°19'N., 67°16'E.)—3 knots.
92-21-347-30101
Telephone 3. Turshian Creek (24°03'N., 67°23'E.)—5 knots.
92-21-347-30102 4. Sir Creek (23°38'N., 68°02'E.)—4 knots.
92-21-347-30103 1.6Aspect.—The Indus Delta extends about 115 miles SE from
Karachi to Khori Creek. The delta is low and flat throughout,
92-21-347-30108 and is partially flooded at HW to a considerable distance in-
Facsimile land. It is destitute of trees and shrubs, with the exception of a
92-21-347-30109
little jungle, and nothing is seen for many miles but swamp.
Web site [Link] The land is scarcely discernible at more than 2 miles offshore,
Port Control except where bushes exist, which can be seen at LW at a dis-
tance of 5 or 6 miles.
Call sign Port Qasim Control 1.6A narrow strip of sand hills generally fronts this coast, which
VHF VHF channels 10 and 16 is backed by mangrove swamps and fronted by drying sand
banks. During the heat of the day, and especially during the dry
Harbormaster season when the wind blows off the land, a heavy dust-haze
Telephone 92-21-992-72172 hangs low over the coast, making the coastal features unrecog-
nizable, even from a short distance to seaward.
Facsimile 92-21-992-04284
Khuddi Creek (24°36'N., 67°12'E.) is fronted by a bar with
Qasim International Container Terminal a depth of 2.4m; within the bar a 1-mile wide channel, with
Telephone 92-21-347-39024 depths from 4 to 11m, leads between low sandy islands on ei-
ther side of the entrance. A light shown from a round tower,
Facsimile 92-21-347-39077 with black and white bands, on the S side of the creek.
E-mail [Link]@[Link]
Web site [Link]
Pilots
Call sign Port Qasim Control
VHF VHF channels 10 and 16

Anchorage.—See paragraph 1.4.

1.5

Caution.—Buoys marking the channel are liable to drag and

1.5

they are moved frequently to make best use of the channel

especially during times of silting during the Southwest
Monsoon so their charted positions should not be relied upon.
Night navigation is restricted to special request.
In Ahsan Channel, a dangerous wreck lies near the SE edge
1.5

of the dredged channel, close N of Ahsan Channel Lighted

Buoy No. 11.

The Indus Delta—Phitti Creek to Khori Creek

1.6 Winds—Weather.—The climate of the Indus Delta is
hot in the summer, cool in the winter, and unhealthy during the
floods, which normally occur from June to September. Courtesy of Jaap Berk
1.6Tides—Currents.—The currents in the Indus Delta tend to Khuddi Island Light
be variable, but the sets of the currents do tend to parallel the
coast. Caution.—It is difficult to identify the different mouths of
1.6

1.6Farther off the delta, the currents have a seasonal variation the Indus River on a coast so devoid of landmarks and, at
that is related to the monsoons, as follows: times, partially submerged. Beacons marking the mouths have

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 11

long since collapsed or disappeared, owing to the constantly Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents are strong in the estuary
1.8

changing coastline; a few beacons remain. of Khori Creek, attaining a velocity of 5 knots at springs and
1.6Vessels navigating along this coast should remain in depths about 3 knots at neaps. The flood sets up the channel until
over 18m, as the depths shoal abruptly in places, especially in three-quarters flood, when it sweeps over the sand banks in the
the vicinity of The Swatch. It is dangerous for a deep-draft ves- entrance.
sel to approach the Indus Delta, as the breakers on the shelving Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies in the approaches to
1.8

coastal banks, which extend many miles offshore, are often Khori Creek in position 23°20'15''N, 67°57'45''E.
seen before the coast is sighted; this is especially so during the
Southwest Monsoon, when visibility is poor and the sea breaks 1.9 Godia Creek (23°14'N., 68°35'E.), known locally as
in depths of 5.5m or more. The discoloration of the water is Jakhau Harbor, is a fair weather lighterage port administered
very marked, especially off the main fresh water mouths on the from Mandvi (paragraph 1.12). It can be identified by some
ebb tidal current, when during spring tides it extends more than sand hills, about 9.1m high, on the N side of its entrance. The S
10 miles offshore. side of the entrance is low and fronted by ridges of sand, 6 to
1.6Heavy tide rips are common off the mouths of the Indus Del- 13m high. A light, 41m in height with racon, stands on the S
ta, especially during springs. side. The coast between Godia Creek and Kori Creek, about 19
miles NW, is very low and indented by creeks.
1.7 Sir Creek (Sir River) (23°38'N., 68°02'E.) enters the 1.9The entrance to Godia Creek is marked N and S by beacons;
sea about 100 miles SE of Karachi and is the approximate a light is shown about 2 miles E of the entrance, on the S side
boundary between India and Pakistan. of the creek. Multiple dangerous wrecks exist near the Godia
1.7The Swatch is a remarkable submarine valley, from about 3 Creek and are best seen on the chart. Local knowledge is nec-
to 8 miles wide, extending about 52 miles SSW from approxi- essary for entering the creek, as the coastline and creek is con-
mately 23°40'N., 67°27'E. The Swatch has depths of less than stantly changing.
183m on either side of it, with depths exceeding 1,097m at its 1.9The creek has depths of 5.5 to 8.8m within the entrance; the
SW end. It is almost regular in shape and has steep sides and a bar had a least depth of 1.2m in the fairway in 1961. Salt is
flat sloping bottom. The bottom and sides of The Swatch con- loaded into barges from a jetty near the above-mentioned light.
sist of soft, gray mud, with some sand and gravel on its NW A lighted Lidar platform, 11m in height, exists in 23°07.4’N,
edge. 68°27.8’E.
1.7The Swatch can be of great assistance to vessels approaching 1.9Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Jakhau Harbor using
Karachi from S. An echo sounder trace of maximum depths the Brief System. Further information on these storm signals
can help provide a clear indication of the vessel’s position, es- may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
pecially during the poor visibility and the strong sets of the South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
Southwest Monsoon. nals.”
1.7Khori Great Bank is an extension of the coastal bank SW 1.9Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained, in about
from the coast between The Swatch and Khori Creek. This 8m, mud, about 5 miles SW of the creek entrance. Vessels
bank has depths of 20.1 to 33m and extends as much as 60 should approach the entrance cautiously, as few distinguishable
miles offshore. landmarks are visible until in the vicinity of the 10m curve,
about 7 miles offshore.
Khori Creek (Kori Creek) to the Gulf of Kachchh 1.9The coast between Godia Creek and Asar Mata, about 43
miles ESE, is uniformly low and fronted by a narrow, sandy
1.8 Khori Creek (Kori Creek) (23°30'N., 68°20'E.), one ridge, which is about 9m high, except near Asar Mata where it
of the outlets of the Rann of Kutch, has a shallow bar, but is is slightly higher. Villages are numerous and the land is well-
navigable by local craft as far as Lakhpat, about 28 miles in- cultivated.
land, on the SE side of the river. The entrance of the creek is 1.9Chhachhi Light is shown on the W side of the entrance of the
obstructed by several sand banks, except on the E side, where a Chok Nadi (22°57'N., 69°00'E.), from a white masonry tower
deep-water channel leads into the creek. The banks of the with black bands, 31m high.
creek, 0.6 to 1.5m high, are broken by numerous waterways. 1.9Dholo Pir Dome, 10m high, is conspicuous about 3.5 miles
Koteshwar Light (23°40'N., 68°32'E.), is shown from a tower ESE of the Chok River.
with black bands, 60m in height, 0.8 mile S of Koteshwar Tem- 1.9Asar Mata (22°50'N., 69°13'E.), a conspicuous Hindu tem-
ple. ple lies on the coast, on the crest of the sand hills, at an eleva-
1.8When a vessel is in depths of over 5.5m off the mouth of tion of 34m.
Khori Creek, the low land cannot be seen, except in the clearest 1.9Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies
weather, when the low hills NE will be visible. 44 miles SE of Godia Creek in position 22°50'N, 67°54'E.
1.8Maniara (23°28'N., 68°37'E.), 67m high, is surmounted by
a fort. The bar, with depths of 3 to 3.7m, is about 4 miles across The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)
and lies with its outer edge about 10 miles seaward of the E en-
trance point of Khori Creek. A dangerous wreck lies about 15 1.10 The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch), entered be-
miles WSW of the entrance to Kori Creek. Inside the bar, the tween Asar Mata and Humani Point (Vomani Point)
channel, with depths of 5.5 to 22m, leads through the creek for (22°29'N., 69°04'E.), about 23 miles SSW, contains some shel-
a distance of 10 to 12 miles. As the channel and banks are sub- tered anchorages and harbors. The shores of the gulf are uni-
ject to constant changes, local knowledge is necessary. formly low. The N shore, consisting of sand and mud, is

Pub. 173
12 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

fronted by numerous shoals. The S shore is fronted with islets A lighted buoy is moored off the SW side of the SE shoal.
1.10

and islands covered with brushwood and surrounded by coral Pilotage.—Pilots for the Gulf of Kachchh are obtained at
1.10

reefs. Mandvi (22°50'N., 69°21'E.), on the N side of the gulf.

The N shore is backed by a range of hills, about 15 to 20
1.10 Vessel Traffic Service.—The Gulf of Kachchh is covered by
1.10

miles inland, extending in an E-W direction and nearly parallel the Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. The VTS area cov-
with the coast for a distance of about 35 miles. Krikubbah, ers the waters between latitude 22°14.5'N and latitude
253m high, with a sharp peak, lies about 18 miles N of Asar 23°34.0'N and between longitude 68°16.0'E and longitude
Mata. Nanu Hill (Nunnomar Hill), 434m high and circular, lies 70°30.0'E. The operational area of the VTS is divided into four
about 6.5 miles ENE of Krikubbah. Katrura, also circular and areas, as follows:
378m high, is the highest of the E peaks of this range, which 1. Sector 1—An area bounded by the coast and lines
lies about 24 miles E of Nanu Hill and may sometimes be seen joining the following positions:
from the S side of the gulf. a. 23°34.0'N, 68°28.0'E. (coast)
Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents are strong in the estuary.
1.10 b. 23°34.0'N, 68°16.0'E. (coast)
Across the mouth of the Gulf of Kachchh, the strong tidal cur- c. 23°00.0'N, 68°16.0'E.
rents over the uneven bottom cause a confused breaking sea. It d. 22°30.0'N, 68°30.0'E.
has been reported that the tidal currents in the gulf are very ir- e. 22°58.2'N, 68°57.8'E. (coast)
regular in direction and that a vessel proceeding into or out of Sector 1 can be contacted on VHF channel 69.
the gulf may be set considerably N or S in a short time. 2. Sector 2—An area bounded by the coast and lines
Along the coast on the N side of the gulf, the tidal currents
1.10 joining the following positions:
set E with the flood and W with the ebb, attaining a velocity of a. 22°58.2'N, 68°57.8'E. (coast)
2 to 3 knots. b. 22°30.0'N, 68°30.0'E.
The tidal currents in the vicinity of Lushington Shoal set
1.10 c. 22°14.5'N, 68°58.0'E. (coast)
ESE with the flood, attaining a velocity of 1.8 knots at neaps. d. 22°16.4'N, 69°16.0'E. (coast)
At the W edge of Gurur Shoal, the tidal current sets E with
1.10 e. 22°49.6'N, 69°16.0'E. (coast)
the flood and W with the ebb, at a velocity of 1.5 knots at Sector 2 can be contacted on VHF channel 71.
neaps. 3. Sector 3—An area bounded by the coast and lines
Between Gurur Shoal and the coast S and SE, there are
1.10 joining the following positions:
heavy tide rips on both sides of the fairway, particularly on the a. 22°49.6'N, 69°16.0'E. (coast)
ebb tide. The sea sometimes breaks in this fairway even in b. 22°16.4'N, 69°16.0'E. (coast)
calm weather. c. 22°21.0'N, 69°36.0'E. (coast)
Tidal currents over Ranwara Shoals attain a velocity of 5
1.10 d. 22°33.3'N, 69°36.0'E.
knots at springs and 3 knots at neaps. They cause heavy tide e. 22°46.7'N, 69°57.0'E.
rips and overfalls over the uneven ground in the vicinity of the f. 22°54.4'N, 70°00.0'E. (coast)
shoals and W toward Asar Mata. Sector 3 can be contacted on VHF channel 17.
Aspect.—Lushington Shoal (Unnia Mor) (22°38'N.,
1.10 4. Sector 4—An area bounded by the coast and lines
68°47'E.) lies in the fairway of the W approach to the Gulf of joining the following positions:
Kachchh, about 18 miles WNW of Humani Point. This danger, a. 22°21.0'N, 69°36.0'E. (coast)
with a least depth of 4.3m, can usually be identified by the dis- b. 22°33.3'N, 69°36.0'E.
coloration of the water over it. The bottom consists of sand and c. 22°46.7'N, 69°57.0'E.
rock. Depths of less than 10m extend about 2 miles WSW of d. 22°54.4'N, 70°00.0'E. (coast)
the shoal. Sector 4 can be contacted on VHF channel 73.
Gurur Shoal, about 5 miles NW of Humani Point, is com-
1.10 The following ports are located within the VTS area:
1.10

posed of sand and rock, and has a least depth of 3m. Depths of 1. Bedi (paragraph 1.26).
less than 10m extend about 2.8 miles SW, and 1.5 miles NE of 2. Kandla (paragraph 1.30).
the shoal. A 9.4m patch lies about 6.5 miles W of Humani 3. Jamnagar Terminal (paragraph 1.24).
Point. Between Gurur Shoal and the mainland S and SE, the 4. Mandvi (paragraph 1.12).
depths are irregular; heavy tide rips are experienced, particular- 5. Mundra (paragraph 1.14).
ly on the ebb tide, on either side of the intervening deep-water 6. Navlakhi (paragraph 1.31).
channel. The sea sometimes breaks in this channel, even in 7. Okha (paragraph 1.17).
calm weather. 8. Salaya (paragraph 1.20).
A shoal, with a least depth of 7.9m, lies about 5.5 miles S of
1.10 9. Sikka (paragraph 1.23).
Asar Mata. Detached shoals, with depths of 9.1m, lie about 2.5 10. Vadinar Terminal (paragraph 1.22).
miles WNW, and 1.5 miles NNW of the W end of this shoal. Participation in the VTS is mandatory for the following ves-
1.10

Ranwara Shoals, about 6 miles S of the breakwater at Mandvi sels:

(22°49'N., 69°21'E.), consists of two rocky shoals, oriented E- 1. Vessels over 300 gross tons.
W, with depths of less than 10m, separated from each other by 2. All passenger vessels.
a narrow passage. The NW shoal, about 5.3 miles long, has an Vessels shall send a Pre-Arrival/Departure Report to Master
1.10

area at its E end with a depth of 3.7m. The SE shoal, about 3.5 Control Center Kandla (MCC Kandla) at least 24 hours prior to
miles long, has an area at its NW end with depths of 0.9 to 4m arrival. Vessels arriving from a port with less than 24 hours
and depths of 5.5m and less near its SE end. sailing time shall notify MCC Kandla by e-mail or facsimile

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 13

immediately upon departure from the previous port. The report Caution.—In the entrance to the Gulf of Kachchh, large
1.10

should contain the following information: quantities of mud and sand are sometimes held in suspension,
1. Vessel name and call sign. either on the surface causing discoloration, or beneath the sur-
2. IMO and MMSI Numbers. face, which will be churned up by a ship’s propellers, giving
3. ETA at entry point. the impression of being in shoal water. This may occur be-
4. Destination port and ETA. tween the meridians of 69°00'E and 69°30'E.
5. Year of build. Strong cross currents, setting in any direction for short peri-
1.10

6. Flag. ods, have been reported.

7. Port of registry. The depths in the gulf are very irregular for about 30 miles
1.10

8. Gross tons and net tons. inside the entrance. They then decrease gradually, with the bot-
9. Deadweight tons. tom changing from rock and sand to mud.
10. Length overall. A dangerous wreck lies 7 miles N of Chandri Reef and 1.5
1.10

11. Beam. miles WNW of Chandri Lighedt Buoy in approximate position

12. Summer draft. 22°37.7'N, 69°05.5'E.
13. Moulded depth.
14. Draft (forward, midships, and aft). The Gulf of Kachchh—North Coast
15. Port of loading.
16. Last port of call. 1.11 The coast between Asar Mata (22°50'N., 69°13'E.)
17. Destination port. and Mandvi, about 7 miles E, is fronted with white sandhills,
18. Next port after destination. between 6 and 15m high, which are very visible at night.
19. Type of cargo—Hazardous or non-hazardous. Vijayvillas Palace, Tamachi Pir Tomb, and a house are con-
1.11

20. If carrying hazardous cargo—Quantity on board. spicuous about 3.5 miles E of Asar Mata. The tomb is situated
21. Class and quantity of dangerous cargo or pollutants. on a sand hill, 26m high; the E end of the sand hill is a steep
22. Estimated fuel on arrival at VTS—heavy oil, diesel bluff, with a small creek at its foot.
oil, lube oil, and fresh water. Between Asar Mata and Mandvi, the coastal bank and some
1.11

23. Name of consignee. detached shoals, with depths of less than 5m, extend between
24. Details of local agent. 1.5 and 2 miles offshore.
25. Number and nationality of crew and passengers on ar-
rival and departure. Mandvi (22°50'N., 69°21'E.)
26. Master’s name and nationality.
27. Security level on board. World Port Index No. 48620
28. Any disabilities/deficiencies to the vessel.
29. Any cases of swine flu or other health issues. 1.12 Mandvi, situated on the W bank of the Rukmawati
30. Name of P&I Club. River, is the most important commercial town in the Gulf of
31. Cause of wreck removal and pollution in P&I Club— Kachchh. The port authority at Mandvi is exercised by the Port
Yes or no. Officer, however, radio messages to Mandvi are relayed
32. If yes—Validity of premium paid. through Kandla Radio.
33. CLC validity period. Depths—Limitations.—Albert Edward Breakwater, 564m
1.12

long and lighted at the head, protects the harbor from W winds.
Vessels must report to MCC Kandla, as follows:
1.10
The maximum draft accepted within the port is 9.1m. Vessels
1. An initial call made on VHF channel 16 when enter- with a maximum draft of 3.7m can berth alongside the break-
ing the VTS area. water at high tides. The cargo wharf is 245m long and handles
2. On the relevant sector VHF channel when entering or general and breakbulk cargo.
leaving a sector. The small harbor, sheltered from W winds by the breakwa-
1.12

Contact Information.—See the table titled Gulf of

1.10
ter, has a pier and pitched slope, where sailing vessels and
Kachchh—Contact Information. lighters with a draft between 2.7 to 3m can secure alongside to
work cargo on a HW only; the entire harbor dries out at a half
Gulf of Kachchh—Contact Information tide. The height of HW at Mandvi ranges between 3 and 4.2m.
Master Control Centre (MCC) Kandla Aspect.—The town is surrounded by a wall flanked with
1.12

bastions, within which a large flat roofed building forms a

Call sign VTS Gulf of Kachchh prominent landmark.
VHF VHF channels 16, 17, 69, 71, and 73 A conspicuous radio mast, 75m high, stands 4.5 miles NE of
1.12

the entrance to the harbor. A light, with a racon, is shown from

91-2836-270-130 Mandvi Light, on the SW bastion of the wall mentioned above.
Telephone
91-846-976-3555 (mobile) Raval Pir Tomb (Rawal Pir Tomb), conspicuous and lighted,
1.12

lies about 2.5 miles E of the harbor. There are some sand hills
Facsimile 91-2836-270-130 with clumps of trees in the vicinity of the Tomb.
vtsgok@[Link] Vessel Traffic Service.—Mandvi is covered by the Gulf of
1.12

E-mail Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see

vtsmanagergulfofkutch@[Link]
paragraph 1.10.

Pub. 173
14 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

during the Southwest Monsoon.

Long narrow ridges of sand, from 1 to 3m high, front the
1.13

coast between Mudwah Point and Navinal Point, about 12

miles E; a drying bank extends about 1 mile seaward of the
coast. Between these sand ridges and the mainland there is an
extensive swamp which is covered with mangroves and inter-
sected by numerous small creeks.
Sonar Durree, a sand bank, lies from 4 to 7 miles ESE of
1.13

Mudwah Point and consists of detached drying ridges of sand;

it is steep-to on its S side. During the first half-flood, and after
half-ebb, the bank can be identified by the rippling of the wa-
ter. Sonar Lighted Buoy is moored 1.5 miles S of Sonar
Durree. From the masthead, the bank can be identified by the
discolored water. There is no navigable passage N of this bank.
Navinal Point (22°44'N., 69°43'E.) consists of a few ridges
of sand, the greatest elevation being not more than 3m. A large
swamp, partly covered with mangrove bushes and through
which several small creeks flow, extends NW, N, and NE of the
point.

1.14 Mundra Port (22°44'N., 69°42'E), about 1.5 miles

NNW of Navinal Point, is a private port and has a natural break-
water. The port consists of an old port area with a roadstead an-
chorage, a lighterage/coastal jetty, and a salt loading jetty. The
new port area consists of a multi-purpose terminal, a container
terminal, and offshore SPMs. An LNG terminal jetty has been
constructed (2017) leading from the shore W of the South Basin
in a SSW direction for about 0.5 mile.
Mandvi Light Winds—Weather.—The weather is generally dry. From
April to September, the winds are generally SW, with gusts up
Signals.—Storm signals are displayed, in daylight only,
1.12
to 22 knots. From September to April, the winds are generally
from a flagstaff at the Customs House; the General System is NE and light.
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found Tides—Currents.—Tides are semi-diurnal, ranging from
1.14

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- 4.8m at springs and 2.5m at neaps with currents running gener-
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” ally at 3 knots but as high as 5 knots at springs, alternating in
Contact Information.—See the table titled Contact
1.12
direction between 070°/250°. Monthly tide tables for the entire
Information—Mandvi. year are available at the Mundra Port Home Page web site.
Depths—Limitations.—The minimum depth in the ap-
1.14

Contact Information—Mandvi proach channel to the container berth is 13.1m. The navigation
channel and turning circle to Mundra International Container
Port Officer Terminal are marked by six numbered lighted buoys and have a
Telephone 91-2834-223-033 depth maintained at 17 to 18m at any state of the tide. The
depth in the berth entrance to the South Basin consists of a
Facsimile 91-2834-223-033 buoyed channel, with a length of 1,153m, a width of 502m, a
turning circle with a 750m radius, and 14.4m minimum depth;
Anchorage.—Good anchorage may be obtained, in approxi-
1.12 however, depths are subject to change. A heavy swell maybe
mate depth of 7m, sand and shingle bed, 1.5 miles S if Albert encountered outside the breakwater during the monsoon season
Edward Breakwater, with Mandvi Light and the breakwater from May to September. West Basin is approached through
lights in line bearing 358°. The tidal currents at the anchorage buoyed channel with a turning circle of radius 841m and a min-
attain a rate of 3 knots at springs and less than 2 knots at neaps; imum depth of 14.2m. The newly-completed Container Termi-
however, farther offshore the strength increases. Cargo is han- nal 4 has a depth of 16.4m. Consult the Port Authority for the
dled by means of lighters at these anchorages. latest information. Specific berth information can be found in
the accompanying table titled Mundra Port—Multi-purpose
1.13 The coast between Mandvi and Mudwah Point and Container Terminal Berth Information.
(22°46'N., 69°30'E.) is fringed by a sand bank which extends Ship-to-ship transfer operations take place in a circular area,
1.14

about 0.5 mile offshore in places. Mudwah Point is a sandy with a radius of 0.5 mile, centered on a position best seen on
bluff, 12.5m high. North of this point an extensive backwater the chart, about 4 miles SE of Navinal Point.
runs to within 2 miles of Raval Pir Tomb; the backwater is en- The minimum depth in this area is 22m.
1.14

tirely flooded at very high spring tides and at ordinary HW Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot boards in posi-
1.14

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 15

tions, as instructed by Mundra Port Control, as follows: Port Control 7 days, 5 days, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours
1. Container Terminal—position 22°42'09.6''N, in advance.
69°43'34.2''E.
2. Multipurpose Berth—position 22°42'09.6''N, Tankers berth at the SPM during daylight hours only. Un-
1.14

69°42'07.8''E. berthing may take place at any time.

3. SPM—position 22°38'51.6''N, 69°38'16.2''E. Vessels should contact Mundra Port Control on VHF channel
1.14

4. West Basin—position 22°40'57.6''N, 69°33'33.6''E. 16 or 73 at least 2 hours prior to arrival at the port limits for
Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA to Mundra
1.14 berthing instructions.

Mundra Port—Multi-Purpose and Container Terminal Berth Information

Berth Depth Maximum Vessel
Length Remarks
Name Alongside LOA Draft Beam Size
Terminal 1
Chemicals, clean products, dirty products,
No. 1 215m 16.5m 295m 15.5m 38m 75,000 dwt vegetable oil, and bunkers. Berthing
length of 275m (including dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, dirty products,
No. 2 200m 16.0m 185m 13.0m 32m 37,596 dwt vegetable oil, and bunkers. Berthing
length of 265m (including dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, dirty products,
vegetable oil, multipurpose, and bunkers.
No. 3 165m 15.0m 230m 14.0m 38m 60,000 dwt
Berthing length of 225m (including
dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, dirty products,
vegetable oil, multipurpose, and bunkers.
No. 4 160m 12.5m 230m 12.0m 32m 60,000 dwt
Berthing length of 220m (including
dolphins).
Barge 90m 9.0m 84.5m 6.0m 15m 3,116 dwt Bunkers.
Terminal 2
No. 5 250m 14.5m 250m 14.0m 38m 150,000 dwt Coal, fertilizer, mineral ore, and break-
bulk, and bunkers. Continuous berthing
No. 6 320m 16.0m 250m 15.5m 45m 180,055 dwt length of 575m.
No. 7 320m 13.5m 175m 12.0m 35m 40,000 dwt Coal, fertilizer, mineral ore, and bunkers.
No. 8 220m 13.5m 175m 12.0m 35m 40,000 dwt Continuous berthing length of 540m.
Terminal 3
No. 9 264m 14.0m 190m 12.8m 32m 57,809 dwt
Ro-ro freight, bunkers, and breakbulk.
No. 10 265m 14.0m 230m 12.8m 38m 82,193 dwt
Continuous berthing length of 794m.
No. 11 265m 14.7m 230m 13.5m 43m 82,188 dwt
Breakbulk and bunkers. Berthing length
No. 12 195m 14.0m 229m — 32m 79,467 dwt
of 240m (including dolphins).
West Basin Terminal
WB1 377m — 300m 17.3m 55m 209,956 dwt
WB2 377m — 300m 17.3m 55m 206,562 dwt Coal. Continuous berthing length of
WB3 378m — 225m 17.3m 55m 183,123 dwt 1,510m.
WB4 378m — 189m 17.3m 32m 55,691 dwt
Mundra International Container Terminal
CB1 315m 14.5m 300m 13.3m 48m 150,000 dwt Containers, breakbulk, bunkers, and reef-
CB2 315m 14.5m 300m 13.3m 48m 150,000 dwt er. Continuous berthing length of 630m.

Pub. 173
16 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Mundra Port—Multi-Purpose and Container Terminal Berth Information

Berth Depth Maximum Vessel
Length Remarks
Name Alongside LOA Draft Beam Size
Adani Mundra Container Terminal
CB3 315m 14.5m 295m 14.3m 48m 150,000 dwt Containers, bunkers, and breakbulk. Con-
CB4 315m 14.5m 295m 14.3m 48m 150,000 dwt tinuous berthing length of 630m.
Adani CMA Mundra Terminal
SB3 325m 17.5m 325m — 48m 142,018 dwt Containers and breakbulk. Continuous
SB4 325m 17.5m 325m — 48m 153,514 dwt berthing length of 650m.
Adani International Container Terminal
SB5 405m 17.5m 325m 15.2m 48m 153,514 dwt Containers and breakbulk. Continuous
SB6 405m 17.5m 325m 15.6m 48m 141,406 dwt berthing length of 810m.
SB7 600m 17.5m 366m 15.6m 51m 165,991 dwt Containers and breakbulk.
Mega Car Terminal
Ro-ro 47m — — — — — PCC
Mundra LNG Terminal
LNG. Berthing length of 410m (including
No. 1 & 2 38m — 315m — 50m 121,946 dwt
dolphins)
Mundra SPM Terminal
Adani Port
— 32.0m 350m 25.0m 60m 360,000 dwt Crude and bunkers.
SPM
HMEL
— — 350m — 60m 320,000 dwt Crude and bunkers.
SPM

Vessel Traffic Service.—Mundra Port is covered by the

1.14
Mundra—Contact Information
Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further
information, see paragraph 1.10. The Navinal VTS Tower in portopscenter@[Link]
E-mail
position 22°46.8’N, 69°40.4’E, 60m in height, is a major light [Link]@[Link]
and can be used as a navigation aid.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Mundra—
1.14
Web site [Link]
Contact Information. Mundra International Container Terminal
Telephone 91-2838-288-274
Mundra—Contact Information
Facsimile 91-2838-288-278
Port Authority
Web site [Link]
91-2838-255-781
Telephone Pilots
91-2838-255-762
Contact Mundra Port Control
Facsimile 91-2838-255-002
E-mail portopscenter@[Link]
Anchorage.—Vessels waiting to berth at Navinal Marine
1.14

Port Control Terminal can anchor, in 12 to 30m, about 4 miles SSE of

Call sign Mundra Port Control Navinal Point. Deep-draft vessels working cargo can anchor
about 1.2 miles ESE of Navinal Point, but must keep clear of
VHF VHF channels 16 and 77 the range line leading to the container terminal.
91-2838-255-761 Two designated anchorage areas, best seen on the chart, for
1.14

Telephone vessels awaiting a berth at the Marine Terminal or the Contain-

91-2838-255-739 er Terminal are located, as follows:
91-2838-255-002 1. General Anchorage Area A—Centered about 5 miles
Facsimile SSE of Navinal Point.
91-2838-296-142 2. General Anchorage Area B—Centered about 9.25

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 17

miles SW of Navinal Point.

An anchorage area for vessels using the SPM is located 2.3
1.14

miles SSE of the SPM.

1.15 Between Navinal Point and Nakti Creek, about 27

miles ENE, the coast is fronted by a mud flat which dries up to
3 miles offshore. A 6.7m shoal lies about 3 miles E of Navinal
Point, and a chain of shoals, with depths of 0.3 to 6.4m, ex-
tends about 8.5 miles ENE of the same point.
Bhadreshwar Temple, standing about 14.5 miles NE of
1.15

Navinal Point, is conspicuous, with a white dome 25m high; a

fort lies close W from it. Another temple, 24m high, with a
dome, is about 1.3 miles S from the above temple.
A clump of banyan trees is conspicuous about 3.5 miles ENE
1.15

of Bhadreshwar Temple.

The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South

Coast
1.16 Humani Point (Vomani Point) (22°29'N., 69°04'E.),
at the N extremity of the Okhamandal Peninsula, forms the S
entrance point of the Gulf of Kachchh. A tower, 21m high, lies
on the point. There are two beacons standing 0.2 and 0.4 mile
SSE and SSW, respectively, of the point. Humani Point (Okha
Point) Light, shown from a tall white masonry tower with red
bands, is fitted with a radar reflector and lies about 0.4 mile
SSE from the point. A fog signal is sounded from the tower.
Two radio masts; situated close SSW of the light, are marked
by fixed red obstruction lights.
Okha Point, low and sandy, lies about 1 mile ESE of Humani
1.16
Humani Point (Okha Point) Light
Point and is marked by a 28m high flagstaff; the town of Okha
lies on this point. NW, and 1.75 miles SW from the town. Its main exports are ce-
Samiani Island (Samiyani Island) lies about 1 mile N of
1.16 ment, bauxite, and sodium carbonate.
Okha Point, with its SW extremity over 30m high. Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Okha is 3.35m at
1.17

A Deep Water Route has been established leading from SW

1.16 MHWS and 2.74m at MHWN.
of the entrance point of the Gulf of Kachchh for the use of VL- In the W approach channel to Okha Harbor, the tidal currents
1.17

CCs to approach the offshore oil terminal near Sikka Creek. set ESE with the flood and WNW with the ebb, attaining a ve-
The route is entered 7 miles WNW of Kachchigadh Light, locity of 3.5 knots at neaps.
leads between Lushington and Gurur Shoals, then E into the North of Samiani Island, and between it and Chandri Reef,
1.17

gulf, passing N of Investigator Reef. The route varies in width the tidal currents set SE with the flood and WNW with the ebb.
from 0.8 to 1.7 miles, with its first 4.5 miles having controlling The flood current attains a velocity of 3 knots at springs; the
depths of 25m; the 8.5 mile stretch of the route NNE of Okha, ebb current attains a velocity of 2 knots at neaps.
having depths of 23m. West of Samiani Island, the tidal currents set NE with the
1.17

Vessels with drafts less than 15m, navigating in the Gulf of

1.16 flood and SW with the ebb, with a velocity of 1.8 knots at
Kachchh, should keep N of the Deep Water Route and S of neaps. Southeast of the island, the reverse is the case.
Ranwara Shoals (22°41'N., 69°22'E.). The flood current sets strongly around the S end of Samiani
1.17

In 1982, it was reported that the shallowest depth of 23m lies

1.16 Island in a S and E direction; from there it sets S through Okha
between the meridians of 69°08'E and 69°10'E. Harbor, curving E around the S end of Bet Shankhodhar. It has
Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies
1.16 a velocity of 1.3 to 1.5 knots at neaps and 2 knots at springs.
34 miles E of Humani Point in position 22°29.3'N, 68°27.8'E. The ebb current, coming from the E around the S end of Bet
1.17

Shankhodhar, sets N through the harbor until it reaches the

Okha (22°28'N., 69°05'E.) shoal water NW of Padmatirth Point. Here it divides into two
branches, one setting along the W side of the harbor and W of
World Port Index No. 48670 Samiani Island, and the other setting N and NE between Sami-
ani Island and Bet Shankhodhar, and then WNW in the area N
1.17 The Port of Okha lies between the N end of the Okh- of Samiani Island. The ebb current has a velocity of 1.3 to 2
amandal Peninsula (22°29'N., 69°05'E.) and Bet Shank- knots at neaps.
hodhar The port is protected and open year round, with Strong eddies form in the harbor at springs with both tidal
1.17

facilities to accommodate deep-draft vessels. currents, and a confused sea occurs over the shallow ground
The port limits extend approximately 2.8 miles NE, 2 miles
1.17 NW of Padmatirth Point. There is a strong undertow at the an-

Pub. 173
18 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

chorage off Okha Point. Samiani Shoal and Samiani Island North Light, all vessels are
Depths—Limitations.— Aramda Reefs, with a least depth
1.17 restricted to a beam no more than 28.4m.
of 0.6m, extend about 1.5 miles from the coast, about 4 miles Aspect.—In addition to the landmarks and navigational aids
1.17

WSW of Humani Point. mentioned for the S approaches to the Gulf of Kachchh, a con-
Marian Shoal, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies about 2.5
1.17 spicuous chimney, 101m high, lies about 5.5 miles SW of Hu-
miles W of Humani Point, and Bobby Shoal, with a least depth mani Point. A light is shown from the top of a building, 50m
of 6.7m, lies about the same distance WNW of Humani Point. high, lying close NE of the chimney.
Samiani Shoal, an extensive area with depths of less than
1.17 Samiani Island North Light is shown from a white concrete
1.17

3.3m, extends about 1.8 miles WNW from its E extremity, tower with black bands standing at the NE edge of the drying
which lies about 0.3 mile N of the N extremity of Samiani Is- reef.
land. There is a drying patch in the SE part of this shoal. Buoy Okha Point and Samiani Island have been reported to be
1.17

No. 1 is moored about 0.2 mile W of the NW extremity of the good radar targets at 12 to 15 miles.
shoal; a 5m patch lies about 0.3 mile W of the same extremity. Samiani Island Center Light is shown from a white circular
1.17

Buoy No. 2 marks the SE end of the shoal. stone tower near the center of Samiani Island; a tomb, with a
Samiani Island is fringed by a reef, which dries in places and
1.17 spire 27.1m high, lies close N.
extends about 0.2 mile NE from the NE extremity of the island. Mariners are advised to keep well clear of Gurur Shoal.
1.17

Depths of 6.1m extend about 0.3 mile farther NNW. Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and is
1.17

Chandri Reef (Chinri Reef), which dries, lies with its SW ex-
1.17 available during daylight hours only. Vessels should signal
tremity about 2 miles NE of Samiani Island. The reef lies on their ETA 24 hours before arrival, amending the time as
the SW corner of an extensive shoal with depths of less than necessary.
1.8m. Pilots boards about 1.25 miles NNW of Samiani Island Cen-
1.17

A large shoal, with depths of 2 to 5m, lies W of Chandri

1.17 ter Light, although caution is necessary as a dangerous wreck
Reef, with its W edge about 1.5 miles NNE of Samiani Island. lies close NW of the pilot boarding position. Vessels should not
Lighted Buoy No. 1 is moored about 0.5 mile W of the shoal; proceed farther until the arrival of the pilot. During the North-
detached patches, with depths of 4 to 5.5m, lie between the east Monsoon, a vessel should be in the above position 1.5
buoy and the shoal. Less water than charted has been reported hours before HW or at LW; during the Southwest Monsoon
(1993) about 0.5 mile ESE of the buoy. vessels should be in the above position 0.5 hour before HW or
Chandri Rock, a shoal with a least depth of 2.4m, lies about
1.17 1.5 hours before LW.
1.5 miles ENE of Samiani Island and is marked close SW by a Vessel Traffic Service.—Okha is covered by the Gulf of
1.17

lighted buoy. Several other shoal patches lie in this vicinity. Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
A large shoal, the NW end of which lies about 0.3 mile E of
1.17 paragraph 1.10.
the NE extremity of Samiani Island, extends SSE and dries Signals.—Storm signals are displayed at Okha; the General
1.17

over its central portion for about 0.5 mile. Buoy No. 2 marks System is used. Further information on these storm signals
the NW extremity of this shoal. may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
A wreck, with a depth of 5m, lies 1.7 miles NNW of Samiani
1.17 South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
Island. nals.”
The entrance channel, passing close SE of Samiani Island,
1.17 Contact Information.—See the table titled Okha—Con-
1.17

has a least depth of 4.9m in the fairway. tact Information.

There are general depths of 6.1 to 9.4m in Okha Harbor.
1.17 Anchorage.—Vessels of any length and draft up to 9m can
1.17

Berthing details are shown in the table titled Port Okha—

1.17 obtain anchorage in the outer roadstead, in depths of about
Berth Information. 12m, sand and broken shell, with Samiani Island Center Light
Cargo can also be worked from the roadstead anchorage
1.17 bearing 171°, distant about 1.2 miles.
NNW of Samiani Island. Vessels with a draft of not more than 4.9m and a length of
1.17

Due to the narrow entrance of the approach channel between

1.17 less than 160m can anchor SE of Okha Point.

Port Okha—Berth Information

Berth Depth
Berth Remarks
Length Alongside
Port Okha Terminal
Dry Cargo Berth
145m 4.0m
(DCB) Bauxite, clinker, coal, fertilizer, wheat, sulphur, and soda ash.
New Lighter Wharf 100m —
Bauxite, cement, clinker, coal, fertilizer, limestone, petcoke, ro-ro/pas-
Sayaji Pier 180m 8.0m sengers, soda ash, and wheat. Maximum loa of 181m. Maximum beam
of 35.0m.
Steel Sheet Pile Wharf 178m — Coal and steel products.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 19

Okha—Contact Information
Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
VHF VHF channel 16
91-2892-262-001
Telephone 91-2892-262-002
91-2892-262-039
Facsimile 91-2892-262-002
Web site [Link]

Samiani Island Center Light

Sayaji Pier in line with the 10.4m high beacon, black disc top
marked, lying on Adatra Point, bearing about 207°; this leads
through the fairway with a least depth of 4.9m in the channel.
The W of the two channels from the N leads close NW of
1.17

Samiani Island. It is seldom used and should not be attempted

without local knowledge. The leading marks for this channel
are two black beacons on Humani Point. These beacons, in line
bearing 231°, lead through the fairway of this channel in a least
depth of 3.5m.
The W channel, locally known as the Southern Channel,
1.17

leads between Okha and Samiani Island. The leading marks for
this channel are two beacons which lie 0.3 mile apart, 1.3 miles
ENE of Padmatirth Point. In line bearing 116°, they lead
Samiani Island North Light
1.17
through the W channel in a least depth of 3.7m. Strong tidal
currents flow across and the channel is extremely narrow and
Directions.—Three channels lead to Okha, two from the N
1.17 difficult. It is only used by coasters and small craft with local
and one from the S of Samiani Island. The E channel of the two knowledge.
from the N is buoyed, considered safe, and generally used. The continuation of all three channels S lead to anchorage
1.17

Strong tidal currents flow across this channel and it should not and moorings SE of Okha Point.
be attempted without local knowledge.
The best time to enter and leave the port is about the time of
1.17
The Gulf of Kachchh—South Coast—Okha to
slack water, when the tidal currents on each side of the island Bet Shankhodhar Island and Pindara Bay
are comparatively slack and a vessel may take a sheer while en-
tering or leaving. At other times there is a strong race N and S 1.18 Bet Shankhodhar Island (Beyt Shankhodhar) lies
of Samiani Island. There is a heavy tide rip on all the shoals, with its NW extremity, Padmatirth Point, about 1 mile SE of
especially on the ebb. Okha Point. The island is mainly composed of sand hills on its
The E channel is approached to pass between Samiani North
1.17 N part, and formation of a rocky tableland on its SW part.
Light and Lighted Buoy No. 2; then bringing the NE corner of There are some clumps of coconut and a few other trees; the

Pub. 173
20 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

rest of the island consists of open jungle with thorny scrub. channel between Paga Reef and Boria Reef; however, local
Padmatirth Point, a small bluff tableland about 9m high, be-
1.18 knowledge is necessary when navigating in the vicinity.
comes an islet at highest spring tides. A small, white domed Bural Reef (Chank Reef) (22°30'N., 69°19'E.), an extensive
1.19

tomb lies on the point, with another tomb 0.8 mile E of it. drying coral reef, is steep-to on its N side and marked by a
Bet (Beyt), a town with a pilgrim resort, lies 0.5 mile S of
1.18 lighted north cardinal buoy. The reef extends about 10 miles
Padmatirth Point and is surrounded by many temples and from E to W and 9 miles from N to S.
shrines. Dwarkadhish Temple, a large square building near the A stranded wreck, which has been reported to give a good ra-
1.19

center of the town, is most prominent. There is a small jetty at dar response, lies S of the NW point; another wreck lies about
the town. 1 mile S. A light is shown and a racon transmits from a round
Hanuman Point (22°28'N., 69°09'E.), the E extremity of the
1.18 tower, 12m high, on the NW side of Bural Reef.
island, is composed mainly of sand hills on its NE part. Hanu- Mitha Chusna is a small rocky islet, with another islet close
1.19

man Temple, about 0.8 mile W of the point, is the only building to it, lying at the S point of Bural Reef.
on this part of the island. Chank Island (Chank Tapu), lying 3 miles E of Nora Island,
1.19

Hanumandanda Reef lies on the foul ground extending about

1.18 is small and wooded. Chank Tapu Light is shown from a white,
1 mile N from the NE shore of Bet Shankhodhar Island. square, concrete tower with black bands at the edge of Bural
Paga Reef, extending between 2.5 to 5.5 miles E of Hanu-
1.18 Reef, 1 mile NNE of Chank Island.
man Point, has a sand ridge on its SW side which covers only Bhaidar Island (Bhaidar Tapu) lies 3 miles NE of Mitha
1.19

at HWS. The red sector of Samiani Center Light covers Paga Chusna, is sandy on its W part, and is covered with mangroves.
Reef between the bearings of 260° and 290°. Nora Island (Nora Tapu) lies 3 miles NE of Bhaidar Island and
Positra Point (22°25'N., 69°12'E.) lies about 3.8 miles SE of
1.18 is low and covered with mangroves. The highest group of trees
Hanuman Point; the village of Positra lies 2 miles SW of the lie on its E side; the N side is sandy.
point. Pindara Bay is large and shallow. Its head forms a salt marsh,
1.19

Anchorage.—During W gales, sheltered anchorage may be

1.18 which dries out to a distance of 1.5 miles, but covers at HWS
obtained about 0.5 mile E of Bet Shankhodhar Island, with Ha- tides. The head is almost impassable and extends S forming the
numan Point bearing 334°; E of this position the bottom is E side of the Okhamandal Peninsula. The W limit of the Saush-
rocky. Detached 5.5m patches lie about 1.8 miles ENE and 2 tra coast extends ENE to the head of the Gulf of Kachchh. Shi-
miles E of Hanuman Point. yardi Bet marks the E entrance to the bay; Merodi Bet the W
The tidal currents at the anchorage flow S with the flood and
1.18 entrance to the bay.
N with the ebb, attaining a rate of 1.3 knots at neaps and 1.5 Anchorage.—Anchorage for a small vessel with local
1.19

knots at springs. knowledge can be obtained 0.5 mile E of Merodi Bet and also
Directions.—Vessels proceeding to the anchorage can pass
1.18 on its W side, in depths of 11 to 16.5m, mud, sheltered from all
either E or W of Chandri Reef. Vessels passing E of the reef winds. This anchorage can be approached by the deep channel
should, when the village of Positra. lying on 20m high ground E of Paga Reef.
bears 180°, steer for it until Samiani Center Light bears 275°, Ajad (Ajar), a bluff island 21m high at its S extremity, lies 3
1.19

when course may be altered towards the anchorage. miles N of Shiyardi Bet. The ruins of an old tower lie high on
Vessels passing W of Chandri Reef should, from a position
1.18 the summit of a round hill at the S point of the island. Although
about 0.8 mile N of Samiani Center Light, steer E to pass clear the island is surrounded a by rocky reef and dangers, there are
N of Chandri Rock and a shoal patch about 0.3 mile N of it. deep channels N and W of the reef; several dangers exist in the
The tidal current in this vicinity flows E and W at rates be- fairway of the W channel. Local knowledge is essential in nav-
tween 2.5 to 3 knots. Following this course, when Positra vil- igating in the vicinity.
lage bears 180°, steer for it and proceed, as described above, Small vessels may anchor, in a depth of 7m, mud, close W of
1.19

for the anchorage. the NW edge of Bural Reef. Vessels are cautioned to avoid
Positra Bay (22°26'N., 69°09'E.) is entered W between the
1.18 shoals extending NW and SW from the NW edge of the reef.
SE point of Bet Shankhodhar Island and Positra Point; the bay On the E and SE sides of Bural Reef, there is good shelter from
is very shallow and dries in places. Local knowledge is neces- W winds; however, vessels anchoring E of the reef should
sary when navigating in the vicinity. avoid Bubasir Rock off its E end.
A vessel may anchor, in a depth of about 15m, mud, near the
1.19

The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South edge of the shoal with the trees on Chank Island bearing 271°
Coast—Pindara Bay and Approaches distant about 2 miles, or farther SE, in a depth of 12m, with the
trees bearing 293°, distant about 3 miles, where the tidal flow
1.19 The summit of Ajad Island is 8 miles SE of Positra is NW on the ebb and SE on flood. Another anchorage lies, in a
Point and in line with Great Peak, the highest summit of Barda depth of about 9m, mud, 2 miles SE of Chank Island.
Hills, 35 miles SE, bearing 140°, which leads close NE of Paga During the Southwest Monsoon, large local vessels seek
1.19

Reef. shelter on the lee side of Chank Island.

The SE bluff of the Okhamandal Peninsula, 37m high and
1.19 Directions.—Vessels proceeding to anchor on the E side of
1.19

9.5 miles SSW of Positra Point, seen between two islets of Bural Reef and passing N of the reef should keep a good look-
Merodi Bet, bearing about 205°, leads close SE of Paga Reef. out for the trees on Nora Island and Chank Island and maintain
Boria Reef, which dries, lies at the E edge of foul ground ex-
1.19 a distance of about 3 miles from these islands.
tending E from Positra Point; a small reef lies about 0.8 mile Caution.—Along the N face of Bural Reef, the rate of tidal
1.19

N, with a 3.7m shoal patch about 0.5 mile W. There is a deep flow varies between 4 to 6 knots, causing heavy tide rips off the

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 21

NE end. ridge of sand, covered with low scrub, extends along the N side
Between Bural Reef, Chandri Reef, and Paga Reef, the un-
1.19 of the island. Kalubhar Reef, extending about 1.3 miles from
even bottom causes overfalls and tide rips which at springs are its N and SW sides, covers at half tide, and consists of hard
alarming to a stranger. Vudda Kudda Reefs consist of three de- dead coral, with flats of very soft mud in places.
tached drying reefs centered about 4 miles NE of Ajad, with a Kalubhar Tapu Light is shown from a circular stone tower,
1.20

channel between Bural Reef having a least depth of 7.3m in the 14m high, at the W extremity of the island.
fairway. A steep-to submerged rock extends SE from Bural Sykes Point lies at the junction of Salaya Creek and Blunt
1.20

Reef. Channel. A pier extends N from the point; boats and lighters
Investigator Reef (22°36'N., 69°33'E.), with a least depth of
1.19 can go alongside for 2 hours on either side of HW, after which
8m, lies near the center of the Gulf of Kachchh, about 8 miles the reef at the head of the pier dries.
ENE of Chank Island Light. Wooden pole beacons, 0.6m high, mark the edges of the
1.20

reefs on both sides of the channel. They are intended for the
The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South guidance of local craft, and cannot be relied upon as they are
Coast—Salaya Harbor not always standing. Similar beacons mark the entrance and
head of Salaya Creek.
1.20 Salaya Harbor (22°26'N., 69°33'E.), an all-weather A pair of white stone beacons, 2.4m high, and in line bearing
1.20

lighterage port, is entered between the drying reefs extending 302°, are situated about 2.5 and 3 miles, respectively, W of Ka-
NE from Dhani Bet (22°25'N., 69°31'E.) and SW from Kalub- lubhar Tapu Light.
har Tapu. The harbor extends about 6 miles SE, with an aver- A similar pair of beacons, in line bearing 164° and about
1.20

age width of 0.7 to 0.8 mile. The continuation of the harbor S is 0.35 mile apart, are situated on the W side of the harbor, about
Salaya Creek. Blunt Channel, an easterly continuation of the 2 miles SE of the above pair.
channel for small craft, leads S of Kalubhar Tapu and into The town of Salaya (22°19'N., 69°36'E.), at the head of Sa-
1.20

Pathfinder Inlet. Blunt Channel is narrow, tortuous, and diffi- laya Creek, is closely built with small stone houses and sur-
cult to recognize when the reefs and mud flats are covered. rounded by a wall about 12m high.
The harbor entrance is not easily identified when the reefs
1.20 Pilotage.—The pilot boards in position 22°30.0’N,
1.20

that extend from the islands are covered. 69°31.6’E in the vicinity of the fairway lighted buoy.
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Salaya Harbor is 5.3m
1.20 Vessel Traffic Service.—Salaya Harbor is covered by the
1.20

at MHWS and 4.9m at MHWN. Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further
The tidal currents in Salaya Harbor set SE with the flood and
1.20 information, see paragraph 1.10.
NW with the ebb, attaining a maximum velocity of 2 knots at Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Salaya; the Brief Sys-
1.20

the entrance to the harbor. tem is used. Further information on these storm signals may be
At a distance of 2 to 3 miles outside the entrance, the tidal
1.20 found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South
currents set E with the flood and W with the ebb, attaining a Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
velocity of 1 knot at neaps. Contact Information.—See the table titled Salaya—tact
1.20

Depths—Limitations.—The harbor has depths of 10 to 25m

1.20 Information.
in the entrance, gradually shoaling to 9.1m about 5 miles up the
harbor. Salaya—Contact Information
A bar of soft mud extends across the approach. The fairway
1.20

Bulk Terminal
in the approach has a least depth of 8.8m. Taylor Shoal, with a
depth of 6.9m, lies on the bar, about 3.3 miles WNW of the W Telephone 91-2833-663-850
extremity of Kalubhar Tapu. Hand Shoals consist of two 8.2m
Email [Link]@[Link]
patches lying about 0.5 mile SSW and 0.8 mile SSE, respec-
tively, of Taylor Shoal. Web site [Link]
Nora Rock, with a least depth of 2.1m, coral, lies on the E
1.20

side of the harbor, about 1.5 miles SW of the W extremity of Anchorage.—Large vessels can obtain anchorage in Salaya
1.20

Kalubhar Tapu. A tongue, with a least depth of 6.7m, extends Harbor, in a depth of about 14.6m, in the outer or inner anchor-
about 0.5 mile W from Nora Rock, and constricts the channel age. The outer anchorage is situated about 0.8 mile NNW of
to a width of less than 0.2 mile. Nora Rock. The inner anchorage is situated about 2 miles S of
Essar Salaya Bulk Terminal, which handles bauxite, coal,
1.20
Kalubhar Tapu Light.
fertilizer, limestone, has a berthing length of 386m and can ac- Directions.—Deep-draft vessels approaching from NW, af-
1.20

commodate vessels up to 100,000 dwt, with a maximum draft ter passing Chank Island Light, steer for Kalubhar Tapu Light
of 17.7m . bearing 128°, keeping on this course until the SE beacon of the
A channel marked by lighted buoys has been established
1.20
302° range bears 114°; then steer for the beacon on that bear-
(2016) for entry into the harbor. ing until Kalubhar Tapu Light bears 114°. Steer for the light on
Aspect.—Dhani Bet is a sand and mud flat, fringed with
1.20
that bearing, passing between Taylor and Hand Shoals, until
mangrove scrub. The island, with the exception of some sand the beacons in the S part of the harbor are in range 158°; then
ridges at its N end, is submerged at HWS. The coral reef sur- steer on this range to the anchorage.
rounding the island extends from 1 mile to 1.5 miles NE from Deep-draft vessels without local knowledge should not pro-
1.20

its NE side and dries 3m. ceed S of Nora Rock.

Kalubhar Tapu is similar in composition to Dhani Bet. A low
1.20
Light-draft vessels continue on the 158° range until the bea-
1.20

Pub. 173
22 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

con in the NW part of the harbor are in range 302° astern; the 20m, about 1 mile within the entrance. Tidal currents at the lat-
latter range leads to the inner anchorage. ter anchorage attain a maximum velocity of 3 knots.
Caution.—A wreck lies 7 miles NE of the entrance to Path-
1.21

The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South finder Inlet.

Coast—Pathfinder Inlet
1.22 Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal (22°31'N., 69°42'E.),
1.21 Pathfinder Inlet (22°28'N., 69°40'E.), between Ka- (World Port Index No. 48615) consists of three Single Buoy
lubhar Reef and Narara Reef, is about 0.2 to 0.3 mile wide, Mooring (SBM) terminals with discharging facilities plus an Oil
with depths of 24m in the entrance, decreasing to 10m about Jetty for crude and product tankers with a Service Pier for barges
1.5 miles within the entrance. The entrance is marked by light- and tugs, is situated at about 8 miles NE of Kalubhar Tapu Light.
ed beacons on each side. Ambla Hill, 28m high, is conspicuous The terminal functions under the jurisdiction of Kandla Port
about 5 miles S of the entrance. Trust.
Depths—Limitations.—Vadinar port handles crude and
Tilburn Shoal, with a depth of 7m, lies about 1.5 miles NE of
1.21 product tankers up to 100,000 dwt, with a maximum draft of
the N extremity of Kalubhar Tapu (Kalubhar Island). A de- 14.0m, within the harbor. The offshore terminals can accommo-
tached reef, which dries 1.2m, lies on the E side of the entrance date vessels up to 320,000 dwt, with a maximum loa of 325m loa
to the inlet. and a maximum draft of draft of 23.0m.
Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, sheltered an-
1.21 Submarine oil pipelines are laid between Narara Bet and the
1.22

chorage can be found, in a depth of 18m, mud, about 0.8 mile SBMs. Crude oil discharged from the tankers is stored in a tank
N of the inlet entrance, under the lee of Kalubhar Tapu. A farm at Vadinar, S of Narara Bet, which is then pumped to a re-
small vessel, with local knowledge, can anchor, in a depth of finery 260 miles inland.

Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal—Berth Information

Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Name Length Remarks
Alongside LOA Draft Beam Size
Crude Oil Terminal
Crude. During the monsoon, berthing
only allowed during flood tide. If wind
BORL-SPM — 32.0m 350m 23.0m — 320,000dwt speed exceeds 20 knots, ebb tide berthing
permissible at discretion of V.P
(Projects).
LPO Vadinar
Crude and crude oil Lighterage
operations conducted at LPO Vadinar
LPO STS — — — — — —
during the southwest Monsoom (mid-
May until mid-October.
Nayara Terminal
Berth A 300m 20.0m 245m 14.0m — 100,000dwt Clean/dirty products, crude, and bunkers.
Berth B 300m 20.0m 245m 14.0m — 100,000dwt Clean/dirty products, crude, and bunkers.
SPM Berth — 35.0m 350m 22.5m 60m 325,00 dwt Crude and bunkers.
Offshore Oil Terminal
SBM No 1 — 34.0m 350m 22.0m 56m 300,000 dwt Crude and bunkers.
SBM No 2 — 32m 362m 22.5m 60m 315,000 dwt Crude and bunkers.

Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal—Contact Information Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal—Contact Information
Port Authority Web site [Link]
91-288-241-777 Terminal
Telephone
91-992-515-3618 (mobile) 91-288-661-385
Telephone
Facsimile 91-288-241-779 91-990-990-8611 (mobile)
E-mail votl@[Link] Facsimile 91-288-661-366

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 23

Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal—Contact Information The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South
Coast—Sikka Creek Entrance
E-mail votl@[Link]
Web site [Link] 1.23 Sikka Creek (Sikka Kari) (22°29'N., 69°47'E.) is en-
tered between Goos Reef and Narara Reef, about 1.5 miles W.
Vadinar Port Control Sikka (22°26'N., 69°50'E.) lies about 5 miles SE of the en-
Call sign Vadinar Port Control trance.
Storm signals are shown at Sikka; the Brief System is used.
1.23

VHF VHF channels 12, 16, and 67

Further information on these storm signals may be found in
Pilots Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic
Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
VHF VHF channel 12
Goos Reef, a large drying coral reef, has a conspicuous long
1.23

sand bank on it which dries before the reef itself. A white con-
A conspicuous water tower lies at Vadinar, about 4 miles S
1.22 crete beacon lies on the SW edge of Goos Reef. Narara Reef, a
of the root of the pipeline. coral reef which covers at 0.8m, fringes Narara Bet, and ex-
It has been reported (2007) that when lighterage operations
1.22
tends about 2 miles N and NE of the island. The seaward edges
in the area located 22 miles W of Malabar Point (see paragraph of all reefs are generally steep-to; during the Southwest Mon-
2.30) have been suspended due to the conditions associated soon, there are heavy breakers over the off-lying reefs.
with the Southwest Monsoon, the lighterage operations take Tides—Currents.—Outside the entrance to Sikka Creek,
1.23

place about 5 miles WNW of the Vadinar Offshore Oil Termi- the flood current sets E and ebb current sets W, attaining a
nal in an area bounded by lines joining the following positions: maximum velocity of about 3.5 knots. Within Sikka Creek and
a. 22°34.5'N, 69°38.0'E. Sikka Channel, the tidal currents generally set in a direction
b. 22°33.1'N, 69°38.0'E. parallel to the axis of the creek and channel, respectively, at-
c. 22°30.0'N, 69°37.0'E. taining a maximum velocity of about 2 knots.
d. 22°30.0'N, 69°36.0'E. The tidal rise at Sikka Creek is 4.8m at MHHWS and 2.6m
1.23

e. 22°33.2'N, 69°36.0'E. at MHWN.

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory; pilots board vessels, as
1.22
Depths—Limitations.—Siri Reef, a drying coral reef, lies
1.23

follows: about 0.7 mile SW of Goos Reef and is marked on its E side by
1. SBM—position 22°33'02.4''N, 69°37'59.4''E. a white beacon. In 1987, it was reported that a beacon lies on
2. Jetty—position 22°28'33.0''N, 69°39'48.0''E. the W side of Siri Reef, with another beacon on the reef 0.35
Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the har-
1.22
mile SW. A small detached drying reef lies about 0.2 mile NW
bormaster at Kandla and the vessel’s local agent 72 hours, 48 of Siri Reef. A 3.7m patch lies about 0.2 mile ENE of the SE
hours, and 24 hours in advance. When within VHF range, ves- extremity of Siri Reef, in the deep channel between Goos Reef
sels should contact Vadinar Port Control on VHF channel 12 or and Siri Reef.
16 to receive berthing instructions. At least 3 hours prior to ar- Sikka Channel has a least depth of 8.2m and a general width
1.23

rival vessels should contact Vadinar Port Control on VHF of about 183m.
channel 12. Ammonia Discharge Berth, located about 0.5 mile SSW of
1.23

the charted Beacon A, consists of a concrete island jetty joined

A listening watch should be maintained on VHF channels
1.22
to the shore ESE by a breakwater. The berth has a length of
12, 16, and 67 at all times. 220m, with a pair of mooring dolphins at the ends, and has an
Vessels are berthed during daylight hours only but may un-
1.22 alongside depth of 11m. A road to the shore runs over the
berth at any time. breakwater.
Vessel Traffic Service.—The terminal is covered by the
1.22
A disused jetty is located about 0.5 mile SSE of Ammonia
1.23

Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa- Discharge Berth. An overhead rope-way extends ESE form the
tion, see paragraph 1.10. disused jetty to the shore
Contact Information.—See the table titled Vadinar Off-
1.22
Aspect.—The entrance channel, leading between the reefs
1.23

shore Oil Terminal—Contact Information. into the anchorage, is marked by range beacons.
Directions.—Vessels berth at the SBMs at slack water or
1.22
The channel is marked by IALA Maritime Buoyage System
1.23

during an ebb tide, approaching from W. Due to the insufficient (Region A), and leads from the fairway (red can) buoy moored
sea room, berthing attempts should not be made from the E. 1.3 miles NNW of Siri Reef. The channel becomes narrow in-
Approaching from the W vessels bound for the terminal should ward, with a least depth of 8.2m. It is reported that buoys may
use the DW route. liable to drag in strong winds.
Anchorage.—VLCCs awaiting pilot or berth at the SBMs
1.22 Two chimneys, 72m and 70m high, stand in Sikka; two other
1.23

should anchor in position 22°33'N, 69°38'E, in a depth of 33m, chimneys, 130m high, stand about 0.6 mile SW of the first two
mud with broken shells. It is prohibited to anchor within 2 chimneys. A tower, 25m high, stands close offshore at Sikka.
miles of the SBMs, as charted. Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots come from Okha
1.23

Caution.—A dangerous wreck (22°30.2’N, 69°39.8’E), po-

1.22
in a tug, usually boarding ships 2 hours before HW during day-
sition approximate, lies about 1.75 miles E of SBM 3. Reports light hours only. There are no pilots available for the stretch be-
are often received concerning route buoys that are missing or tween Pirotan Island and the anchorages off Kalvan Light;
unlit. however, local guides are provided upon request.

Pub. 173
24 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Regulations.—All vessels are to maintain a listening watch

1.23 In 1987, it was reported that vessels berth port side-to and
1.23

on VHF channels 11 and 13 during oil-lightering operations leave stern first because of insufficient turning room off the
from May to October. berth. Another berth for discharging ammonia was in operation
Vessel Traffic Service.—Sikka is covered by the Gulf of
1.23 the same year.
Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
paragraph 1.10. 1.24 Jamnagar Terminal (Reliance Jamnagar Terminal)
Anchorage.—Sikka Creek provides sheltered anchorage, in
1.23 (22°30'N., 69°50'E.), which is part of Sikka, comprises five
a depth of 11m, about 0.5 mile within the entrance, between SPMs about 9 miles NNW of Sikka, RPL Jetty, and the four
the W end of Goos Reef and Siri Reef. tanker berths located in the channel between Goos Reef and
An outer anchorage, in depths from 14 to 20m, is established
1.23 Munde Reef, about 3.75 miles N of Sikka. SPM-1, SPM-3 and
about 2.5 miles N of Siri Reef for vessels waiting to berth Bharat Oman Refineries Limited (BORL) SPM have racons.
alongside and for berthing at Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal The terminal handles crude oil discharging at the SPMs and pe-
(paragraph 1.22). Vessels up to 165m long, with a maximum troleum products, chemicals, and LPG at RPL Jetty.
draft of 7.9m, can use this anchorage. The anchorage is ex- Winds—Weather.—The terminal is exposed to W winds;
posed to the Southwest Monsoon; in 1987, it was reported to Southwest Monsoon conditions may affect operations from the
be congested. A dangerous wreck lies in the S part of the an- beginning of May until the end of September.
chorage area. Tides—Currents.—Currents at the terminal normally do
Directions.—Vessels proceeding to Sikka Creek should not
1.23 not exceed 2 knots but may reach 3 knots under certain condi-
proceed into depths of less than 27m until the lighted entrance tions.
buoy is sighted. This buoy should be approached in a direction The tidal range at springs is about 6.5m.
from the W through N to NE until on the entrance range; then Depths—Limitations.—The least depth in the channel to
steer on the entrance range, between Siri Reef and Goos Reef, RPL Jetty is 13.9m; a minimum underkeel clearance of 1.4m
to the anchorage, taking care to avoid the 3.6m shoal, marked must be maintained when transiting the channel; an underkeel
by a buoy, about 0.2 mile E of Siri Reef. Caution should be tak- clearance of at least 1.0m is required at the berths.
en when entering Sikka Creek during a strong ebb or flood Berth information is given in the accompanying table titled
tide. Jamnagar Terminal—Berth Information.
Caution.—Berthing is permitted only from 2 hours before
1.23 Aspect.—A buoyed channel leads ESE from Fairway Light-
1.24

until 2 hours after HW. The use of this berth is dangerous ed Buoy. Range lights, in line bearing 130°, lead between Goos
during the Southwest Monsoon. Reef and Munde Reef to RPL Jetty l.

Jamnagar Terminal—Berth Information

Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside Draft LOA Size
Shree Digvijay Cement
Cement Berth 152m 9.0m 4.0m — — Closed. Cement.
Rozi
Ro-ro/ lo-lo Coal, urea, petcoke, sulphur, and bauxite.
— — 6.0m 60m —
Jetty Berthing length of 220m (including dolphins).
Reliance Jamnager Marine Terminal (RPL)
Chemicals, clean products, dirty products, and
Jetty A 30m 13.0m 12.5m 183m 49,999 dwt LPG. Berthing length of 224m (including dol-
phins).
Chemicals and clean products. Berthing length
Jetty A1 47m 12.0m 11.5m 183m 56,748 dwt
of 287m (including dolphins).
Jetty B 30m 14.0m 13.5m 228m 74,999 dwt Aviation fuel, chemicals, and clean products.
Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products, crude,
Jetty C 30m 14.0m 13.5m 243m 104,535 dwt
and LPG.
Aviation fuel, clean products, crude, and dirty
Jetty D 30m 15.0m 14.5m 250m 119,456 dwt products. Berthing length of 313m (including
dolphins).
Offshore SPMs
SPM-1 — 32.0m 22.5m 339m 321,300 dwt Crude oil.
SPM-2 — 30.0m 22.5m 336m 321,137 dwt Crude oil.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 25

Jamnagar Terminal—Berth Information

Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside Draft LOA Size
SPM-3 — 30.0m 22.5m 339m 321,137 dwt Crude oil.
SPM-4 — 27.0m 18.5m 243m 99,995 dwt Clean products and crude.
SPM-5 — 25.0m 18.5m 274m 159,204 dwt Clean products and crude.
Ship-To-Ship — 20.0m — — — Closed (2019).
GMB (GSFC)
Chemicals and LPG. Berthing length of 228m
GSFC Jetty 50m 10.0m 8.0m 184m 32,798 dwt
(including dolphins).

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels using the 6. If wind speed is greater than 20 knots, berthing is un-
terminal. Pilots board, as follows: dertaken when the wind and tide are in the same direction.
1. Tanker Berths—position 22°32'30''N, 69°45'48''E. The following restrictions may be in effect at RPL Jetty:
2. SPMs—position 22°36'00''N, 69°47'00''E. 1. Partly-loaded vessels arriving for further loading may
3. Jetty and SPMs (during the ebb)—position not have a draft exceed 10m when berthing at Berth A or a
22°32'12''N, 69°46'15''E. draft exceeding 10.5m when berthing at Berth B, Berth C, or
4. Crude oil vessels (during the flood)—position Berth D.
22°38'00''N, 69°52'06''E. 2. Loading/discharging is suspended when sustained
5. Product vessels (during the flood)—position wind speeds exceed 35 knots.
22°36'30''N, 69°53'00''E. 3. The maximum sustained wind speeds for berthing are
6. Bharat Oman Refineries Limited SPM (during he 27 knots during the day and 20 knots at night.
flood)—position 22°35'30''N, 69°45'42''E. Vessel Traffic Service.—The terminal is covered by the
1.24

Regulations.—Vessels are required to inform the terminal of Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further
their ETA at the pilot boarding position 72 hours in advance by information, see paragraph 1.10.
one of the following methods: Contact Information.—See the table titled Reliance Jam-
1.24

1. Facsimile: 9-288-661-2699 nagar Marine Terminal—Contact Information.

2. E-mail: port_operation@[Link]
p_sankaran@[Link] Reliance Jamnagar Marine Terminal—Contact
sunil_y_pradhan@[Link] Information
The ETA should be confirmed 48 hours, 24 hours, and 12
hours prior to arrival. All times are to be given in local time. Port Authority
At least 3 hours prior to arrival, vessels should contact Port Call sign Reliance Port Control
Control on VHF channel 16 or 71. Port Control will assign a
working channel for use within the terminal area and will give VHF VHF channels 16 and 71
the vessel berthing instructions. A listening watch should be 91-288-351-2600
maintained on VHF channels 16 and 71.
Telephone 91-288-351-2605
Vessels at the SPMs must also maintain a listening watch on
the cargo control room on a frequency assigned by the termi- 91-288-351-2635
nal. This frequency is normally VHF channel 68 or 71. E-mail port_operation.centre@[Link]
Vessels berthed at tanker berths must maintain a listening
watch on VHF channels 16 and 71 while berthed at the jetty. Tugs
The following restrictions in effect at the SPMs: Call sign Reliance Port Control
1. Berthing at the SPMs is done during daylight hours
only VHF VHF channel 71
2. During the monsoon season (May 1 until September
30), berthing will be done on the flood tide during daylight Anchorage.—The VLCC Anchorage lies between 2 and 6
1.24

hours only. miles ENE of SPM-2, as best seen on the chart, in depths of
3. Berthing is suspended if maximum sustained winds 28.5 to 36.0m.
speeds exceed 30 knots or wave heights exceed 1.8m. Anchorage can also be obtained 3 miles W of SPM-1, in a
1.24

4. Discharging is suspended if maximum sustained depth of 36m, and in the tanker anchorage off the mouth of
winds speeds exceed 35 knots Sikka Creek, about 3 miles SSW of SPM-1; this anchorage was
5. Vessels unmoor at the discretion of the master/pilot if previously described in paragraph 1.23.
sustained wind speeds exceed 40 knots of wave heights ex- Caution.—The outer buoys of the buoyed channel leading to
1.24

ceed 3m. RPL Jetty are liable to drag in bad weather.

Pub. 173
26 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Sikka Creek to Bedi Aspect.—Rozi Mata Temple (22°33'N., 70°03'E.) lies at

1.26

the N end of Rozi Island. Rozi Mata Light is shown from a

1.25 Dera Island, a mangrove islet with a range of low white circular tower, 15m high, on the NW corner of the tem-
sandhills, lies about 2.5 miles NE of the N extremity of Goos ple courtyard. A light is shown from the head of the stone pier,
Reef. The NW end of this islet is a bluff about 4.6m high. A about 1 mile NNW of the temple. Bedi Bandar Light is shown
drying reef extends about 1.5 miles W, 0.8 mile N, and 4.5 from a white metal framework tower lying about 1 mile SSW
miles NE from the NW extremity of Dera Island. of Rozi Jetty.
Pirotan Island (22°36'N., 69°57'E.), about 6.5 miles NE of
1.25 A stone pier, the seaward end of which covers at half tide,
1.26

the NW extremity of Dera Island, is a good landmark as the extends about 0.8 mile NNW from the N end of Rozi Island.
trees on it are not allowed to be cut down. The island lies about Bedi Creek, providing access to Bedi Docks, is entered W of
1 mile from the mainland, to which it is connected by a drying the stone pier.
coral reef. Two radio masts, 36m high, about 3.5 miles S of Rozi Mata,
1.26

Pirotan Island Light is shown from a pyramidal concrete

1.25
and Pratap Clock Tower, about 1.25 miles farther SE, are con-
tower, with red bands, on the NW extremity of the island. An- spicuous.
other light is shown from an iron framework beacon, on a stone Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory but local guides are
1.26

base, on the edge of the reef about 1.5 miles NE of Pirotan Is- available. Pilots are available from Pirotan Island Light to Rozi
land Light. Anchorage. The pilot request to be made through PORTAL
Jindra Bet (Pirotan Swamp), with its NW extremity about 4
1.25 BEDI; the pilot boards off Pirotan Island Light.
miles W of Pirotan Island, consists of sand and mud flats, is Vessel Traffic Service.—Bedi is covered by the Gulf of
1.26

fringed by mangroves, and is liable to flood. The N side of the Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
island consists of sand dunes, 1 to 3m high. paragraph 1.10.
Rozi Island, rocky and 11m high, lies about 5 miles SE of
1.25
Contact Information.—See the table titled Bedi—Contact
1.26

Pirotan Island. A group of four conspicuous radio towers, hav- Information.

ing an elevation of 44m, lies on the E side of Rozi Island, and a
conspicuous water tower with an elevation of 38m is situated
on the SE side of the island. Bedi—Contact Information
A radio mast, with an elevation of 76m and marked by an ob-
1.25 Control Room
struction light, lies 6.3 miles SE of Rozi Mata Temple.
VHF VHF channels 11, 12, 14, and 16
Bedi (22°31'N., 70°02'E.) Radio 4143.6 kHz or 6221.6 kHz
Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
World Port Index No. 48650
91-288-271-1806
1.26 Bedi Docks, about 1 mile NW of the village of Bedi, Telephone 91-288-271-1805
form the port for Jamnagar, about 3.5 miles SE, with which
they are connected by a railway. The port is an all-weather 91-288-275-5207
lighterage port open throughout the year. The basin at Bedi 91-288-271-118
Docks dries at half-tide. Cargo is worked at the anchorage. Facsimile
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at the anchorage is 5.5m
1.26
91-288-271-115
at springs and 3m at neaps. Web site [Link]
Tidal currents in Bedi Creek have a maximum velocity of 2.5
1.26

knots in spring tides.

Anchorage.—Large vessels may anchor, in 14m, mud,
Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table ti-
1.26

1.26

about 1.5 miles N of Kalvan Island. Smaller vessels can an-

tled Bedi—Berth Information
chor, in 5.4m, mud, about 2.5 miles NNE of the N end of Rozi
Mata.
Bedi—Berth Information Small craft with local knowledge can anchor, in 5.5m, mud,
1.26

Berth Length Remarks about 0.5 mile NE of Kalvan Island, sheltered from W winds,
which prevail from February through October.
W2 178m General cargo.
Directions.—Vessels approaching from the W should not al-
1.26

W3 84m General cargo. ter course S until Kalvan Island bears 185°. This will avoid the
W4 142m Salt. reefs and shoals extending offshore between Pirotan Island and
Rozi Island. Vessels entering or leaving the anchorage should
W5 — — keep N of Ranson Shoal.
W6 330m General cargo. Caution.—A submerged rock lies about 1.8 miles E of
1.26

Kalvan Island, a dangerous wreck about 2 miles NNE, and an-

W7 140m Salt. other wreck 3 miles NE. A wreck with a 10m depth lies about 2
Dry Cargo Berth 470m Coal. miles ENE of the island; another dangerous wreck lies about 1
mile NE.
Rozi Pier 400m General cargo. Ranson Shoal, with a least depth of 1.5m, is located about
1.26

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 27

3.3 miles N of the stone pier. Depths of less than 5.5m extend respectively.
about 0.7 mile ESE of the least depth. Between the mouth of Hansthal Creek and the coast on the S
1.28

side of the head of the gulf, there is another rann resembling

Bedi to Mungra Reef Little Rann. Its W edge is fringed with mangrove bushes; the
ordinary HW mark extends from the mouth of Hansthal Creek
1.27 The coast between Rozi Mata Temple (22°33'N., toward Jodiya. At HW this area is like a large inland sea of on-
70°03'E.) and the village of Sachana, about 7.5 miles E, con- ly about 1m depth; in the Southwest Monsoon it is navigated
sists of sand and mud flats, fringed with mangroves, and inter- by boats drawing from 0.9 to 1m.
sected by creeks. About 4.5 miles NNE is Jodiya, a rocky islet, covered with
1.28

A small range of rocky mounds, 12 to 15m high, fronts the

1.27 bushes, lying about 1 mile E of the ordinary HW mark.
coast about 3 miles NNE of Sachana. These mounds are isolat- Tides—Currents.—In the W approach to Kandla Creek and
1.28

ed at HWS. Hansthal Creek, the tidal currents are very irregular and appear
At Balachadi (Balachiri), about 2.8 miles NNE of Sachana, a
1.27 to be greatly influenced by a strong wind from any quarter.
range of hills about 30m high extends SE and terminates rather They are strong and gradually increase in velocity to within the
abruptly about 1.5 miles from the village. A small conical hill, entrance of Hansthal Creek. At Outer Tuna Fairway Buoy, the
detached from the mainland and isolated at HW, lies about 0.8 velocity is 2.5 knots at springs and 1.5 knots at neaps; at the en-
mile NNE of Balachadi; Aku Pir (Akria Pir), a Mohammedan trance of Hansthal Creek the velocity is 7 knots at springs and
building, lies on the summit of the hill. 4 knots at neaps.
Balachadi Rocks (Balachiri Rocks) (22°41'N., 70°10'E.),
1.27 Caution.—The head of the Gulf of Kachchh between Jodiya
1.28

which dry, have been reported to give good radar returns at 9 and the entrances of Kandla Creek and Hansthal Creek is en-
miles. cumbered with numerous changing shoals. Local knowledge is
The NW bastion, 24m high, of the fort at Jodiya (22°42'N.,
1.27 necessary while navigating in this part of the gulf.
70°18'E.), and a house close SE, are conspicuous about 7.5
miles NE of Aku Pir and 2.8 miles inland. These objects are 1.29 Nakti Creek (22°56'N., 70°09'E.) has almost entirely
unmistakably identifiable and can be seen 10 to 12 miles in silted up and can now be used only by small local craft at HW
clear weather. proceeding to Tuna Bandar, about 3 miles up the creek on its
About 2 miles NW of the fort a light is shown. A light is
1.27 W side. A jetty, approximately 1.4 miles in length, has been
shown from the N extremity of the quay wall at Jodiya Bandar. constructed leading S from the shore W of the creek. Lighted
Mungra Reef, at the W edge of the drying coastal reef, lies
1.27 buoys have been established in the vicinity.
with its W edge about 6 miles WNW of Jodiya Bandar. About The W entrance point of the creek is very low and is covered
1.29

0.8 mile within the W extremity of Mungra Reef lies a heap of with mangrove bushes which are nearly submerged at HW.
sand and shells. This is the first part of the reef that dries, and Narrow ridges of coarse sand and broken shell, from 0.3 to
the position of the remainder of the reef may be determined 1.2m high, front the rann on the W side of the creek.
from it. Tekra Islet, about 1.3 miles WNW of the W entrance point of
1.29

A light stands on a small detached drying reef close S of the

1.27 the creek, consists of mud covered with mangroves. A similar
W extremity of Mungra Reef. islet lies about 0.5 mile SE of Tekra Islet.
Anchorage.—Balachiri Roads, NW of Aku Pir, may be ap-
1.27 Tekra Light (22°56'N., 70°07'E.) lies about 1.3 miles SW of
1.29

proached with Aku Pir bearing 120°, on which bearing anchor- the W entrance point of Nakti Creek. The light is shown from a
age can be taken, in 5.5 to 9.1m, soft mud, according to a masonry tower, 14m high. Tuna Tekra Dry Cargo Terminal, a
vessel’s draft. The anchorage is protected from NE gales by the T-pier, extends about 1.6 miles SSE from the edge of a man-
reefs N, but local knowledge is necessary for navigating this grove swamp. Anchorage is prohibited in rectangular areas,
part of the gulf. about 1.2 miles W and 5.5 miles S, respectively, of the pier.
Anchorage may be taken, in 5.5m, mud, sheltered from
1.27 Beacon G, painted black, surmounted by a rectangular top-
1.29

strong NE winds, with the fort at Jodiya bearing 109°, and the mark and 13.7m high, lies about 6 miles W of Tekra Light.
beacon off the W end of Mungra Reef bearing 003°, distant 1.5 Beacon I, painted black and surmounted by a ball, lies about
1.29

miles. 3 miles E of Beacon G.

Beacon H, painted red, with a diamond topmark and 15m
1.29

Head of the Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch) high, lies about 2.8 miles NE of Tekra Light.
The channel leading to Tuna Bandar is marked by range bea-
1.29

1.28 Little Rann, which flows into the head of the Gulf of cons.
Kachchh, is dry during the Northeast Monsoon from Novem-
ber to February. It is a great inland sea and quite impassable Kandla (23°02'N., 70°13'E.)
during the Southwest Monsoon, when the sea is driven many
miles E by the wind. World Port Index No. 48630
This vast sheet of water is drained by Nakti Creek, Kandla
1.28

Creek, and Hansthal Creek. These creeks are subject to the reg- 1.30 The port of Kandla (Deendayal), on the W bank of
ular tides. The ebb current in Hansthal Creek, because of the Kandla Creek, about 2.5 miles within its entrance, is a natural-
large shallow area which it covers and uncovers, attains a ve- ly-sheltered harbor in all seasons. The approach to Kandla
locity of 6 to 7 knots at its mouth; the ebb current flows longer leads W of Khara Dhada and Mid Shoals, through Sogal Chan-
than the flood, their durations being about 8 hours and 4 hours, nel, then N through a buoyed channel passing over Kandla Bar

Pub. 173
28 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

to the creek. established in the following positions:

The Kandla port jurisdiction extends to Kalubhar Tapu
1.30 a. 22°50'N, 70°09'E.
marking its W limits, which include Pathfinder Inlet, Vadinar b. 22°51'N, 70°10'E.
Offshore Oil Terminal, Rozi Anchorage, and Hansthal Creek. c. 22°54'N, 70°09'E.
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Kandla is 6m at
1.30 Kala Dara Shoal (Kara Dhada Shoal), in the entrance to
1.30

MHWS, and 4m at MHWN. Kandla Creek, dries 2.7m and consists of hard dry sand.
On Kandla Bar the flood current sets NE with a velocity of 2
1.30 Sogal Channel leads towards Kandla Creek between Khen-
1.30

to 3 knots at springs tides. The flood tidal currents in Kandla garji Bet and Kala Dara Shoal. The channel is dredged and
Creek attain maximum velocities of 3 to 4 knots at spring tides. marked by lighted buoys conforming to the IALA Maritime
Depths—Limitations.—Kandla is a tidal port; entrance and
1.30 Buoyage System (Region A); the buoys are moved frequently
departure depend on the tide. Vessels up to 240m in length can to meet changes in the channel.
use the port. Vessels with a length of greater than 225.5m are Sathsaida Leading Lights lead through Sogal Channel; a sec-
1.30

brought directly alongside their berth and are not allowed to ond pair, lying close NNW, leads across the inner bar to Kandla
anchor. Maximum permissible drafts are issued quarterly by Creek.
the Deputy Conservator. Kapoor Shoal, about 0.8 mile SE of and parallel to Kala Da-
1.30

Only one vessel with a length of greater than 225.5m can be

1.30 ra Shoal, has depths of less than 5.5m and a least depth of
handled at a time. 1.2m; it consists of ridges and pinnacles of coarse sand, small
Vessels with a sailing draft of 10.5m or more will be berthed
1.30 stones, and broken shells.
starboard side-to on the flood tide to prevent departure delays Mid Shoal, which dries 0.7m, lies 0.3 mile N of the NE
1.30

waiting for the tide change. If the vessel had originally been extremity of Kala Dara Shoal.
berthed port side-to, the vessel should be turned to face the Kandla Bar, at the entrance to Kandla Creek, had a least
1.30

flood during its stay at the berth. depth of 4.3m in 1994. The depth over the bar is subject to con-
A spoil ground, with radius of about 0.5 mile, is centered on
1.30 stant change.
position 22°52.5'N, 70°09.5'E. Flamingo Flat, a drying mud bank, extends about 2 miles S
1.30

Spoil ground areas, each with a radius of 1,000m, have been

1.30 from the SW extremity of Sathsaida Bet.

Kandla—Berth Information
Berth Depth Maximum Vessel
Length Remarks
Name Alongside Draft LOA Size
Tuna Tekra Bulk Terminal
No. 1 — 16.2m — 275m 100,000 dwt Coal and iron ore. Continuous berthing length of
No. 3 — 16.2m — 275m 100,000 dwt 600m.
No. 2 290m 16.2m — 275m 100,000 dwt Coal and iron ore.
No. 4 285m 16.2m — 275m 100,000 dwt Coal and iron ore.
Deendayal International Container Terminal
No. 11 264m 12.5m 12.0m 270m 65,000 dwt Containers and reefer. Continuous berthing
length of 1,735m. Depth to be increased to
No. 12 281m 12.5m 12.0m 270m 75,000 dwt 13.5m.
Kandla Terminal
No. 1 — — 9.8m 240m 45,000 dwt
No. 2 — — 9.8m 240m 45,000 dwt
No. 3 — — 9.8m 240m 45,000 dwt
No. 4 — — 9.8m 240m 75,245 dwt
No. 5 — — 9.1m 240m 35,000 dwt Grain, sugar, coal, salt, ro-ro, and lo-lo. Contin-
No. 6 — — 9.1m 240m 35,000 dwt uous berthing length of 1,987m.
No. 7 — — 12.0m 240m 55,000 dwt
No. 8 — — 12.0m 240m 55,000 dwt
No. 9 — — 12.0m 240m 55,000 dwt
No. 10 — — 12.0m 240m 55,000 dwt

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 29

Kandla—Berth Information
Berth Depth Maximum Vessel
Length Remarks
Name Alongside Draft LOA Size
No. 13 300m 14.0m 13.0m 229m 81,170 dwt
No. 14 300m — 13.0m 200m 75,000 dwt Coal, grain, salt, sugar, and project/heavy cargo.
No. 15 30m — 13.5m 229m 81,170 dwt Continuous berthing length of 1,735m.
No. 16 300m — 13.0m 200m 76,939 dwt
Aviation fuel, chemical gases, chemicals, clean
Oil Jetty products, condensate, crude, dirty products,
82m 10.6m 10.4m 213m 40,000 dwt
No. 1 LPG, vegetable oils, and bunkers. Berthing
length of 284m (including dolphins).
Aviation fuel, chemical gases, chemicals, clean
Oil Jetty products, condensate, dirty products, and vege-
105m 10.2m 10.0m 213m 52,000 dwt
No. 2 table oils. Berthing length of 258m (including
dolphins).
Aviation fuel, chemical gases, chemicals, clean
Oil Jetty products, condensate, crude, LPG, and vegetable
86m — 10.7m 213m 40,000 dwt
No. 3 oils. Berthing length of 235m (including dol-
phins).
Chemicals, clean products, LPG, vegetable oils,
Oil Jetty
110m — 10.7m 216m 56,000 dwt and bunkers. Berthing length of 279m (including
No. 4
dolphins).
Oil Jetty Chemical gases, chemicals, clean products, veg-
No. 5 (IFF- 110m — 10.7m 216m 45,000 dwt etable oils, and bunkers. Berthing length of
CO) 282m (including dolphins).
Aviation fuel, clean products, crude products,
No. 6
111m — 10.1m 216m 45,000 dwt and bunkers. Berthing length of 242m (including
(IOC)
dolphins).

The depths over the bar and in Kandla Creek are subject to
1.30 changes in depths.
constant change and the latest information should be obtained Beacon A, painted black, with a cone topmark and 18m high,
1.30

from the Deputy Conservator, Kandla. lies about 0.8 mile WNW of the W entrance point of Kandla
The nature of the bottom throughout the creek is coarse sand,
1.30 Creek.
small stones, and broken shell, except in depths of less than Beacon B, painted black, with a ball topmark and 12m high,
1.30

5.5m near the banks, where the bottom is mud. is situated on Sathsaida Bet, about 1.8 miles ENE of Beacon A.
Barry Shoal, on the W side of the harbor and about 0.5 mile
1.30 Beacon C and Beacon E, situated about 1.8 and 3.3 miles, re-
N of the cargo quay, is a ridge with depths of 2.7 to 5.5m. spectively, SE of Beacon B, are similar to Beacon B, except
Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
1.30 they are surmounted by an inverted cone and a rectangle, re-
Kandla—Berth Information. spectively, and Beacon E is 9m high.
Aspect.—Kandla Creek is entered among mangrove bushes,
1.30 A black masonry radar tower, 29m high, lies close N of the
1.30

between Khengarji Bet and Sathsaida Bet, both of which are cargo quay. A water tower, 24m high, lies about 0.5 mile S of
typical rann ground of hard mud flats; it then extends N for the radar tower.
about 7 miles, where the creek forks. Both sides of the creek Two framework water towers, each 26m high, are situated
1.30

are protected by steep mangrove-lined banks, which just cover about 0.6 mile WNW and 1.4 miles N, respectively, of the ra-
at HWS. dar tower.
Navinal Point and Bhadreswar Temple have been previously
1.30 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory; it is available during
1.30

described in paragraph 1.13 and paragraph 1.15, respectively. daylight hours only for tankers and 24 hours for all other ves-
Tekra Light, along with Beacon G, Beacon H, and Beacon I, sels. The pilot boards 2.5 hours before HW, as follows:
have been previously described in paragraph 1.29. 1. About 1.1 miles SSW of Outer Tuna Lighted Buoy.
Outer Tuna Lighted Buoy (22°51'N., 70°07'E.), painted
1.30 2. In the vicinity of Lighted Buoy No. 2 and Lighted
red, marks the entrance of the channel to Kandla. Buoy No. 3.
In 1980, less water was reported in the entrance to the chan-
1.30 Requests for pilots should be sent to the ship’s agent 12
1.30

nel between Kala Dara and Kapoor Shoals. It is cautioned that hours in advance. Vessels should contact Kandla Tower via
the buoys and channels are liable to be moved due to frequent VHF channel 16.

Pub. 173
30 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Vessels awaiting a pilot may anchor WSW of the outer pilot

1.30
Kandla—Contact Information
boarding station, in depths of 10 to 20m, mud and sand; the
holding ground is reported to be good but a large swell can be E-mail kict@[Link]
experienced during the Southwest Monsoon. A Waiting Area Web site [Link]
(22°52'18.0''N., 70°07'52.2”'E.) lies NE of Outer Tuna Lighted
Buoy. Tugs
Vessels with a draft greater than 10.5m or a length greater
1.30 VHF VHF channel 10
than 200m will not receive pilotage at night. Ammonia vessels
Pilots
and LPG vessels will be handled during daylight hours only.
Regulations.—Vessels berth at HW only. Tankers or vessels
1.30 91-2836-231-310
with an overall length exceeding 189m, with a draft of more
91-2836-235-653
than 8.2m, or with a speed capability of less than 9 knots, may Telephone
not enter or leave the port during darkness nor may ships at 91-2836-238-154
moorings be berthed or unberthed except in daylight. 91-2836-221-478
It was reported (1993) that berthing is restricted to daylight
1.30

hours only due to the small number of pilots available and the E-mail harbourmaster@[Link]
poor condition of the lighting on the jetty. The movement of
tankers is also restricted to daylight transit of Sogal Channel. Signals.—The port signal station is situated near the radar
1.30

tower. The port is also equipped with VHF.

It has been reported (2007) that tank vessels 20 years old and
1.30

Storm signals are displayed; the General System is used.

1.30

older are not permitted in the port. Further information on these storm signals may be found in
Vessels should arrive with a minimum of 14 mooring lines,
1.30

Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic

seven forward and seven aft. It is requested that four to six of Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
these lines should be completely made of soft rope. The rest Signals used in the port are given in the Kandla Port Rules
1.30

can be wire rope with soft rope ends. issued by the port administration.
Kandla lies in a controlled area where special security regu-
1.30

A black ball displayed at the masthead of the signal station

1.30

lations are in force; photography of shore installations is for- indicates a vessel is about to enter or leave the harbor.
bidden. In the event of an outbreak of fire in the port area or on a ship
1.30

Vessel Traffic Service.—Kandla is covered by the Gulf of

1.30
alongside a berth, a blue square flag by day and two green
Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see lights shown vertically by night will be displayed from the
paragraph 1.10. yardarm of the signal mast. In addition, eight short blasts fol-
Contact Information.—See the table titled Kandla—Con-
1.30
lowed by one long blast will be sounded on the port siren and
tact Information. repeated at short intervals.
Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be taken, in 8.2m, coarse
1.30

Kandla—Contact Information sand, small stones, and broken shell, about 0.4 mile NE of the
Port Authority oil pier in the N part of the harbor.
Vessels liable to quarantine regulations will remain in the
1.30

Telephone 91-2836-238-055 quarantine anchorage, about 1 mile S of Outer Tuna Lighted

Facsimile 91-2836-239-055 Buoy until pratique is granted. Vessels suspected of having mi-
nor infectious diseases on board may be brought into the har-
E-mail bdc@[Link] bor and anchored or berthed in a suitable quarantine area.
Web site [Link] Caution.—Lesser depths than charted have been reported
1.30

(2013) in Kandla Creek.

Port Control
The channels in the approaches to Kandla are subject to fre-
1.30

Call Sign Kandla Tower quent change and the buoys, beacons, lights, and other aids to
navigation are adjusted accordingly. Some of the beacons and
VHF VHF channels 8 and 16
lights are reportedly used by pilots to indicate maneuvering
Harbormaster points, harbor features, or channel limits.
Telephone 91-2836-270-201 Some aids to navigation are reported to be unreliable and
1.30

may be missing, unlit, or out of position, particularly during

Facsimile 91-2836-270-624 and immediately after the monsoon. Mariners are advised to
E-mail harbourmaster@[Link] navigate with caution and consult the local authorities for latest
information.
Kandla International Container Terminal In the first quarter of 2016, there have been seven reported
1.30

91-2836-227-779 incidents of low-level thefts by groups of armed robbers target-

ing anchored vessels in Kandla. Mariners are advised to keep a
Telephone 91-2836-227-010 sharp lookout.
91-2836-225-554 A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies about 1 mile
1.30

SW of Outer Tuna Lighted Buoy. A dangerous wreck, best

Facsimile 91-2836-236-040
seen on the chart, lies about 1 mile SSE of Outer Tuna Lighted

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 31

Buoy. Navlakhi Light, with a racon, is shown from a conspicuous

1.31

concrete tower, 30m high, on the NW extremity of Navlakhi

1.31 Navlakhi (22°57'N., 70°27'E.) (World Port Index No. Bet.
48635) is an all-weather lighterage port, with cargo worked at Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory. Local pilots can be
1.31

anchorage by self-propelled barges. The largest vessel accom- provided by the Port Authority for all vessels during daylight
modated was 24,364 dwt. Navlakhi is approached through hours only. The pilot will board in position 22°44.1'N,
Hansthal Creek, which is about 4 miles in length to Sui Creek, 70°05.0'E and arrival here should be 3 hours prior to HW.
with the port limit beginning at inbound Buoy No. 5. The width Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be provided 24
1.31

of the entrance to Hansthal Creek has doubled by erosion in the hours in advance.
last 50 years, and is now about 2 miles wide between Sathsaida Vessel Traffic Service.—Navlakhi is covered by the Gulf of
1.31

Bet and the S coast. The S side of the approach is formed by a Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
coast fringed with ridges of coarse sand and broken shell, 0.3 paragraph 1.10.
to 0.9m high. Contact Information.—See the table titled Navlakhi—
1.31

Tides—Currents.—The flood and ebb currents in Hansthal

1.31 Contact Information.
Creek attain a velocity of 5 knots in the channel between the
mangrove bushes; during freshets, the velocity may sometimes Navlakhi—Contact Information
increase to 7 knots.
Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
The tidal rise at Navlakhi is 6.4m at MHWS and 4.1m at
1.31

MHWN. VHF VHF channel 16

Depths—Limitations.—Hansthal Creek lies between Ka-
1.31

Telephone 91-2822-220-435
poor Shoal and Singari Shoal to the N, and Baptista Shoals to
the S. Kapoor Shoal was previously described in paragraph Facsimile 91-2822-232-470
1.30 with Kandla. Singari Shoal, with depths of less than 5m,
extends up to 1.5 miles off the S side of Flamingo Flat. Baptis- Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained about 2.3 miles
1.31

ta Shoals, similar in composition to Kapoor Shoal, but with WSW from Navlakhi Light, in depths of 9 to 12.5m. Only two
drying to less than 1m at MLLW, lies about 0.8 mile SE of the vessels at a time can be worked at the anchorage.
E end of Kapoor Shoal. Additional anchorage can be found in vicinity of Buoy No. 5
1.31

Depths within Hansthal Creek vary significantly and buoys

1.31
in Hansthal Creek in depths of 10 to 12m. The holding ground
are moved frequently to reflect these changes. in Hansthal Creek is not good, as rock lies a little way beneath
Navlakhi Bet lies on the N side of Sui Creek, at its junction
1.31 the mud and the strong tidal currents cause a vessel to drag an-
with Hansthal Creek, about 4 miles NE of the entrance to the chor easily.
latter creek. Berthing details are shown in the table titled Nav- Caution.—A dangerous wreck, visible, with a depth of less
1.31

lakhi Port—Berth Information. than 2.5m, lies in the vicinity of position 22°57'N, 70°24'E.
A drying height of 0.3m exists in position 22°57'51.0''N,
1.31

Navlakhi Port—Berth Information 70°24'35.4''E.

Local knowledge is necessary for navigating Hansthal Creek
1.31

Berth Name Length Depth Remarks

and its approaches.
Navlakhi Terminal
North Wharf 92m — Coal The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch) to Porban-
dar
Coal. Maximum draft
of 3.4m. Maximum 1.32 The coast of Kathiawar from Humani Point, the S en-
RCC Jetty 163m 4.5m
size of 3,000 dwt trance point of the Gulf of Kachchh, to Kachchigadh, about
(lighters). 11.5 miles SW, is composed of low sand hills. Between Kachi-
South Wharf 88m 8.0m Coal gadh and Dwarka Point, about 5.5 miles S, the coast is cliffy to
Madhi, about 12 miles farther SE, the coast is again composed
United Ship- of low sand hills. The above coast forms the W side of a very
pers (USL) 102m — Coal low peninsula. At HWS tides and during the Southwest Mon-
Jetty soon, this peninsula is separated from the mainland by Okha
Rann, which extends from Madhi in a NNE direction for about
Aspect.—Murga Bet (Murga Island), consisting of several
1.31
12 miles to Pindara Bay.
islets covered with mangroves, lies NE of Hansthal Creek A light, with a racon, is shown from a white round concrete
1.32

about 0.8 mile NW of Navlakhi Bet. tower with red bands at Kachchigadh.
Beacon F, painted black, with a ball topmark and 12m high,
1.31
A 30m sand hill with bushes on it lies about 2 miles N of
1.32

is situated near the SE extremity of Sathsaida Bet. Kachigadh.

Beacon D, painted black, with a diamond topmark and 12m
1.31
Varwala, about 2.5 miles SSE of Kachigadh and 1 mile in-
1.32

high, lies about 3 miles W of Beacon F at the S extremity of land, is a large walled town. A square tower in the town is con-
Sathsaida Bet. spicuous and visible several miles to seaward.
Numerous beacons mark the NW and N edge of mangroves
1.31
Dwarka Point (22°14'N., 68°57'E.) is the W extremity of
1.32

for the entrance into Sui Creek from the NW. the promontory on which the town of Dwarka is situated. A

Pub. 173
32 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

light is shown from a white square stone tower, 37m high, on about 56m high. Meda Creek has been reported to give good
the point. Three chimneys, the tallest being 70m high, are con- radar returns at 15 miles.
spicuous near the point. The coast between Meda Creek and Porbandar, about 16
1.33

Caution.—A dangerous wreck has been reported (2007) to

1.32 miles SE, is low but rises gradually NW.
lie 5.5 miles offshore about 6 miles SW of the light. Another Caution.—A lighted SPM, connected to the shore by a sub-
1.33

dangerous wreck lies 4.5 miles offshore about 8 miles S of the merged pipeline, has been established in position 21°55.9'N,
light. An additional wreck lies 14 miles S of Dwarka Point. 69°09.9'E. A restricted area surrounds both the SPM and pipe-
Another wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 14.5 miles SSE of line.
Dwarka Point in position 22°01.1'N, 69°01.3'E.
Porbandar (21°38'N., 69°36'E.)
1.33 Dwarka Temple (Jagat Mandir), a stone structure,
51m high, carved with figures from base to summit, lies within World Port Index No. 48680
Dwarka Fort on high ground close to the sea. In clear weather
this temple is conspicuous and can be seen from 17 to 18 miles. 1.34 Porbandar is the largest town on the coast of Kathi-
A column lies close to the edge of the cliff a short distance W awar. The principal imports are low ash coke, fertilizers, and
of the temple. scrap; exports include bauxite, cement, sesame seeds, abrasive
Rupen Bandar, the port for Dwarka, is shallow and ob-
1.33 cotton bales, mineral extracts, and reefer cargo.
structed by rocks at its entrance, about 1 mile N of Dwarka. Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents are not perceptible in the
1.34

The cliffs between Rupen Bandar and Dwarka are about 12m offing; however, the ebb current runs very strongly in the creek
high and covered with cactus bushes. and continues for some time after LW.
Tidal currents abreast Rupen Bandar set N with the flood, at
1.33 Depths—Limitations.—The indentation of the creek is
1.34

a velocity of more than 2 knots, and SSE with the ebb, at about shallow as the coastal bank, with depths of less than 5.5m, ex-
the same velocity. Farther N, the tidal currents are stronger. tends about 0.8 mile offshore.
Anchorage for large vessels can be taken, in 20 to 22m, sand,
1.33 An S-shaped breakwater, 2,650m in length, extends S from
1.34

with Dwarka Temple bearing 069°, distant 1.5 miles. The bot- the point on which lies Kadar Pir and provides shelter for a port
tom is rocky in the approach to the Gulf of Kachchh; several which is in operation throughout the year. A naval jetty is lo-
vessels have lost their anchors. cated near the head of the breakwater.
Madhi, about 12 miles SE of Dwarka, is a village with a
1.33 A light is situated at the head of the breakwater.
1.34

small dark temple and an old tower lying on elevated rocky Berthing details are shown in the table titled Porbandar—
1.34

land near the coast. About 4.8 miles NW of Madhi, a fresh-wa- Berth Information.
ter current flows into the sea during the rainy season. There are There is an anchorage area E of the breakwater that is used
1.34

many such streams along the Kathiawar coast, which cause for lighterage operations.
breaks in the coral reef that fringes the coast, furnishing good Aspect.—The Barda Hills (Barda Range) (21°48'N.,
1.34

landing places where small boats can lie aground in the mud. 69°44'E.) are conspicuous and make a good landfall; in clear
The coast between Madhi and Meda Creek, about 22 miles
1.33 weather they are visible from 25 or 30 miles.
SE, consists of a high sandy ridge, with dispersed gaps. The Porbandar lies on the E side of the entrance to a narrow
1.34

only conspicuous objects on this coast are two small conical creek, which flows out between the town and a point on which
hills about 3 miles SE of Madhi. A prominent radio mast, lies Kadar Pir, a conspicuous mosque with an elevation of 8m.
marked by a red obstruction light, is situated 4.5 miles SE of A conspicuous pillar is situated on the coast 0.5 mile NW of
Madhi. the mosque.
Meda Creek, the estuary of a river, dries. Miyani, a small vil-
1.33 Porbandar Light, 41m in height with racon, is shown from a
1.34

lage with a fort, lies on the E bank of the creek. On the W side tall round stone tower with black horizontal bands lying on the
of the creek, abreast the village, is a pagoda or temple on a hill coast in front of the town.

Porbandar—Berth Information
Berth Depth Maximum Vessel
Length Remarks
Alongside LOA Beam
SCL Terminal
Captive Jetty
150m 8.5m 199.99m 32.0m Cement, clinker, and breakbulk.
(SCL)
GMB Terminal
Bauxite, coal, limestone, salt, and offshore ves-
Finger Jetty 104m — — —
sels.
LPG, bauxite, coal, limestone, salt, breakbulk, and
GMB Jetty 235m 8.5m 200m 32.0m
bunkers.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 33

Conspicuous chimneys are situated 1 mile N and 0.5 mile

1.34

ESE of New Hazur Palace. In addition, the towers of the water

works, 1.5 miles N of the palace, are prominent.
The Rajah’s old palace, a white square building with a red
1.34

roof, lies 0.5 mile ESE of New Hazur Palace.

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is available during
1.34

daylight hours only. The harbormaster acts as a pilot and

boards 0.4 mile SW of the breakwater. Vessels awaiting a pilot
at the mooring buoy should have one anchor chain ready before
the pilot boards.
Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 5
1.34

days, 3 days, 48 hours, and 24 hours in advance.

It has been reported (2013) vessels are prohibited from an-
1.34

choring in the outer anchorage area during the monsoon season

or during rough weather. Vessels approaching Porbandar
during these times are to remain 5 miles SW of the breakwater,
then contact their agent to be registered for berthing. Vessels
are not to approach the anchorage area or harbor until after per-
mission is received from the port authority.
Contact Information.—See table titled Porbandar—Con-
1.34

tact Information.

Porbandar—Contact Information
Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
VHF VHF channel 16
91-286-224-2408
Telephone
91-286-224-2438
Facsimile 91-286-224-4013
E-mail popbr1@[Link]
Web site [Link] Courtesy of Michal Marciniak
Veraval Light
Anchorage.—The outer anchorage is 2.2 miles SSW of Por-
1.34

trance is shallow and rocky.

bandar Light, with a depth of 17m. Small vessels can anchor Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be taken, in 9.1m, off the
1.35

closer inshore according to draft. An examination anchorage entrance of the Bhadar River, with the light structure at
lies centered about 1.5 miles WNW of the head of the break- Navibandar bearing 099°.
water. Gorakhanath (21°32'N., 70°32'E.), 1,116m high, lies about
1.35

Caution.—Loaded vessels are only allowed to berth or de-

1.34

53 miles NNW of Diu Head and about 35 miles inland. The

part during HW in daylight with a minimum tide height of mountain is an enormous granite rock, conical, isolated, and
1.8m. No lighterage work is performed during the summer bare, upon which there are numerous temples and monasteries.
monsoon period identified as May 15 to September 14. During In clear weather, it is prominent from Porbandar to abreast Diu
the Southwest Monsoon, a 0.6m swell is generated within the Head, but farther NW it is obscured by the Barda Hills.
breakwater; heavy fore and aft springs are essential for ships Madhavpur, about 15 miles SE of Navibandar, is a small
1.35

berthed alongside. A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, walled town on the coast. The town of Mangrol, about 12 miles
lies 18 miles E of Porbandar in position 21°36'N, 69°16'E. farther SE and 1 mile inland, has a high tower which is con-
spicuous from 10 or 12 miles. Mangrol Light is shown from a
Porbandar to Veraval square house at Mangrol Bandar. There is a pier, 122m long, on
the coast SW of Mangrol.
1.35 The coast between Porbandar and Navibandar, about The Megal River, about 11 miles SE of Mangrol, flows into
1.35

15 miles SE, consists of sandhills with clumps of trees near the the sea during the Southwest Monsoon, but, like most rivers on
villages. Inland there is an extensive swamp, which is flooded this coast, its mouth is generally choked with sand.
during the rainy season. At Tukda, about 10 miles SE of Por-
bandar, there is a conspicuous temple.
Veraval (20°54'N., 70°22'E.)
Navibandar (21°27'N., 69°47'E.) is a walled town close to
1.35

the coast. A light is shown from the sea face wall of the center World Port Index No. 48690
bastion at Navibandar from September to June. The Bhadar
River enters the sea about 0.8 mile NW of the town; its en- 1.36 The town of Veraval shows up well from seaward, as

Pub. 173
34 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

many of the houses rise up abruptly from the surrounding Veraval—Contact Information
countryside. Somnath, a town of about the same size as Ver-
aval, is situated on the coast about 1.8 miles ESE of Veraval. Facsimile 91-2876-243-138
Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents are not perceptible in the
1.36

roadstead, but there is sometimes a surface drift of about 0.5 Contact Information.—See the table titled Veraval
1.36

knot, depending on the wind. The tidal range at springs is about Contact Information.
1.6m and at neaps 0.7m. Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained, in depths of
1.36

Depths—Limitations.—Veraval is an open roadstead where

1.36
about 16m, sand, with Bhirbhanjan Beacon Light structure
vessels load and discharge by lighters working to quays in the bearing 054° at a distance of about 0.9 mile.
inner harbor. The inner harbor, close SE of the customhouse, is In fine weather anchorage can be obtained farther inshore, in
1.36

sheltered by a 2 breakwaters; one extending SE from the coast, about 11m, coral rock, with Bhirbhanjan Beacon Light struc-
and one extending WSW from the coast on the E side of the in- ture bearing 058°, at a distance of about 0.7 mile.
ner harbor. The port is closed to shipping from May 15 to Sep- The table titled Veraval Working Anchorages lists the des-
1.36

tember 15. ignated anchorages available for vessels working cargo. Note
A shoal, with a least depth of 10m, lies about 1 mile SSE of
1.36 that only three vessels can be worked at a time.
the breakwater head.
A dangerous wreck, marked by a white can buoy, lies about
1.36
Veraval Working Anchorages
0.2 mile ESE from the breakwater head.
A detached rocky shoal, with a least depth of 4.6m, lies Maximum
1.36
Designation Position Depth
about 0.2 mile SE of the breakwater head. draft
There are depths of 3 to 4m in the inner harbor. There are
1.36
20°53.45'N,
two basins in the inner harbor; two of the quays have depths of A 11.5m 8.7m
70°22.67'E
4m alongside. The channels leading to the quays are main-
tained by dredging. 20°53.33'N,
B 12.0m 9.2m
Aspect.—The customhouse, a large white building facing
1.36
70°22.33'E
the sea, is the most conspicuous landmark. 20°53.05'N,
A chimney, 51m high, is conspicuous about 1 mile NW of C 12.8m 10.0m
1.36 70°22.55'E
the customhouse.
20°53.23'N,
Veraval Light (20°54'N., 70°21'E.), with a racon, is shown
1.36 D 11.0m 8.2m
70°22.80'E
from a white masonry tower, 33m high, with black bands, situat-
ed near the coast about 1 mile WNW of the custom house. 20°55.27'N
E 13.0m 10.2m
Deni Barra, a cliffy point, 9m high, with a temple, 7m high,
1.36 70°22.55'E,
is conspicuous about 0.5 mile NW of Veraval Light.
Bhirbhanjan Temple is conspicuous about 0.8 mile E of the
1.36

Veraval to Diu Head

custom house. Lighted Beacon A is shown from a white square
masonry structure, 6m high, close SW. 1.37 The coast between Sutrapara, about 7.5 miles ESE of
Somnath, about 1.8 miles ESE of Veraval, is surrounded by a
1.36
Veraval, and Mul Dwarka, about 11 miles farther ESE, is low
wall of dark-colored stone. A conspicuous temple, 56m high, and sandy with patches of cliffs at intervals.
lies on the seaward side of the town. Mul Dwarka (Muldwarka) (20°45'N., 70°40'E.) lies below a
1.37

Two buoys, both of which are removed when the port is

1.36
small bluff point with a temple on its summit, which has an el-
closed, mark the entrance to the inner harbor. evation of 24m. The point can be identified by the white sand
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory. Local knowledge is
1.36
on the top of the cliffs and the dark building of the temple.
required for entry inside the breakwaters. The port consists of a private cement terminal used mainly
1.37

Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 5

1.36
for coal, clinker, and gypsum. Berthing details are shown in the
days, 3 days, 48 hours, and 24 hours in advance. table titled Mul Dwarka—Berth Information.
Signals.—There is a signal station at Veraval which vessels
1.36
Pilotage is compulsory; the pilot boards about 2 miles SSW
1.37

may communicate with by the International Code or Morse of the temple.

Code.
Storm signals are displayed from the mast above the custom-
1.36

house; the General System is used. Further information on Pilot Contact Information
these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Direc- VHF VHF channel 15
tions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Telephone 91-989-850-6015
under “India—Signals.”

Veraval—Contact Information Contact Information.—Vessels should send their ETA 72

1.37

hours in advance to the Port Captain (telephone: 91-279-850-

Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board 6018), including the following information:
VHF VHF channels 11, 12, 14, and 16 1. Name, IMO number, call sign, and flag.
2. Gross tons, nrt, dwt, loa, beam, arrival draft, and free-
Telephone 91-2876-220-001 board.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 35

3. Last port of call and port clearance number. The coast between Mul Dwarka and Diu Head (20°41'N.,
1.38

4. Port health details. 70°50'E.), about 10 miles ESE, consists of rocky points with
5. P and I Club/H and M Policy details and contact de- sandy bays between and some cliffs 9m to 12m high. A sub-
tails of representative. merged rock, with depth of 2m or less, lies about 2.5 miles W
6. Cargo details (including cranes, hatches, etc.). of Diu Head Light.
7. ISPS information, including last ten ports of call. Chara is a village near the coast, about 3 miles ESE of Mul
1.38

8. Crew list. Dwarka. The coast is more densely wooded here and the trees
9. Validity of certificates. are larger than elsewhere on the coast. A white tomb lies close
10. Any restrictions, obstructions, or other areas of con- to the coast about 0.8 mile W of Chara.
cern. Tides—Currents.—Between Sutrapara and Diu Head, the
1.38

Vessels can anchor about 2 miles S of the temple, while pi-

1.37 ebb current sets WNW and the flood ESE at a velocity of 1 to
lots board about 1.8 miles S. 1.5 knots, but they are subject to irregularities. In December
and January, with the current setting up the coast, the W tidal
1.38 The Somat River flows into the sea about 1.5 miles W current is increased, while the E tidal current is weakened and
of Mul Dwarka; the Singwada River empties about 0.5 mile E may at times be imperceptible.
of the point. The latter river has very little water in it except Caution.—The coast between Mul Dwarka and Diu Head is
1.38

during the rains. fronted by a rocky shoal lying about 1.5 miles offshore, with a
Kodinar, a town about 3 miles NE of Mul Dwarka, is just
1.38 least depth of 3m. A vessel should not approach it to a depth of
visible among the trees. less than 24m.

Mul Dwarka—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Depth
Berth Draft Remarks
Length Alongside LOA Size Beam
(HW)
Ambuja Cement Terminal
No 01 100m 5.0m 120m 4.5m 38,000 dwt 32.0m Cement and coal. Continuous berth-
No 02 100m 5.0m 120m 4.5m 38,000 dwt — ing length of 190m.
No 03 96m 9.5m 200m 8.5m — 32.0m Cement, clinker, coal, and gypsum.
No 04 200m 10.5m 200m 9.5m — 32.0m Continuous berthing length of 296m.

Pub. 173
 37
2. cluding the Gulf of Cambay and Mumbai (Bombay)
Sector 2—India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama, in-

2.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 2 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 39

SECTOR 2

INDIA—WEST COAST—DIU HEAD TO CAPE RAMA, INCLUDING THE GULF OF CAMBAY

AND MUMBAI (BOMBAY)

Plan.—This sector describes the W coast of India between

2.0 The Gir Hills, about 25 miles N of Diu Head, extend about
2.2

Diu Head and Cape Rama, including the Gulf of Cambay. The 40 miles in an E-W direction and attain an elevation of about
sector includes the port of Mumbai (Bombay), the largest sea- 640m, but cannot be seen from any great distance from the SW.
port on the W coast of India. The arrangement of the sector is Nandivela, 529m high, the SE peak of the range, lies about 27
from N to S. miles NE of Diu Head and is conspicuous from the S.
Madhwad Bay (Mandwa Bay) (20°42'N., 70°56'E.) lies be-
2.2

General Remarks tween the E extremity of Diu Head and Nagwa Point, the SW
extremity of Diu Island, about 3.5 miles E. The bay affords
2.1 An extensive offshore area, bounded approximately shelter from NW winds, and the holding ground is good, but
by the parallels of 18°00'N and 19°50'N, and the meridians of there is frequently a swell setting into it. The anchorage should
71°00'E and 72°40'E, is being developed for oil production. not be used with S or E winds.
Numerous oil derricks, oil production platforms, single point The coast at the head of the bay between Diu Head and
2.2

moorings, etc., obstruct navigation within the area. Other unlit Brancawaa Creek, about 2.3 miles ENE, consists of low sand
objects, pipelines, submerged obstructions, and well heads, hills backed by marshy land, which is partly submerged at HW
sometimes marked by buoys, exist in this area; these features springs. Between Brancawaa Creek and Nagwa Point, the coast
are not all charted due to their complexity and frequent change. consists of sand dunes which extend inland to a thick unbroken
Recommended routes have been established by Indian au-
2.1 belt of palm trees.
thorities to aid traffic transiting the area, as well as vessels Madhwad Creek, which dries, is entered about 0.9 mile
2.2

bound to or from the port of Mumbai (Bombay). The Indian NNW of the E extremity of Diu Head.
government requests that vessels remain 1 to 2 miles to star-
board of the tracklines shown on the chart, consistent with safe 2.2Nagwa Point (20°42'N., 70°54'E.) is a dark bluff, with cliffs
9 to 12m high, rising to a 20m summit marked by a bush. Shoal
navigation, and the International Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea, 1972 (72 COLREGS). water, over which the sea breaks occasionally, extends about
0.3 mile WSW from Nagwa Point.
The extent of the development area and the recommended
2.1

A conspicuous temple lies on the E entrance point of Bran-

routes are best seen on the appropriate chart.
2.2

cawaa Creek. Another prominent temple is situated about 0.5

mile farther NE.
Diu Head to Diu Harbor 2.2Caution.—Rocky Shoal, with a least depth of 1.4m, lies in
the middle of the entrance of the bay. The E end of this steep-to
2.2 Diu Head (20°41'N., 70°50'E.), a rocky bluff about
shoal, over which the sea occasionally breaks, lies about 1.3
30m high, can be identified by the lighthouse, two long build-
miles WSW of Nagwa Point.
ings, and a small temple lying near its summit. From this sum-
mit the land slopes gradually E, terminating in a rocky point,
2.3 Madhwad Bainsla, a rock 2m high, lies about 0.2 mile
on which there is a cairn, 8m high.
E of the E extremity of Diu Head. Foul ground, over which the
sea breaks heavily, extends about 0.1 mile N and 0.3 mile E
from this rock. At springs, strong tide rips and overfalls occur
E of Madhwad Bainsla.
2.3Kachbi Reef, which dries from 0.6 to 0.9m, lies about 0.5
mile E of the SW entrance point of Brancawaa Creek.
2.3Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken on either side of
Rocky Shoal. At the anchorage E of this shoal, vessels usually
lie across the wind and tide when the ebb current sets out of
Brancawaa Creek. There are depths of 10 to 12m, sand and
mud, at this anchorage.
2.3Moderate-sized vessels can anchor, in 8m, sand and mud,
about 1 mile ENE of the E extremity of Diu Head, and about
0.6 mile offshore.
2.3Vessels are not advised to anchor midway between
Madhwad Bainsla and the W end of Rocky Shoal because of
the strong tidal currents and the exposed position.
2.3Small craft can anchor, in 7m, between Nagwa Point and
Kachbi Reef, sheltered from E winds and out of the influence
Diu Head Light of the tidal currents. Dhows, usually without lights, may be

Pub. 173
40 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

found here at night, as it is a favorite anchorage for sailing craft The safest and best anchorage, in 14 to 16m, mud, lies with
2.4

waiting for the flood current to proceed up the Gulf of Cambay. the light structure near the center of Forte do Diu bearing 315°,
2.3Directions.—Vessels intending to anchor E of Rocky Shoal distant 0.5 to 0.6 mile. This anchorage is used by local vessels
should approach with the conspicuous temple on the E en- and affords protection from W winds.
trance of Brancawaa Creek bearing 322°, and anchor when the There is anchorage, in 5 to 7m, about 1 mile E of Gogola. To
2.4

S extremity of Nagwa Point bears 077°, distant 0.9 mile, in reach it, vessels should steer for the temple N of Gogola, bear-
11m, sand and mud. ing 298°, passing between the dangers ENE of Forte do Diu,
2.3Vessels approaching from the E and intending to anchor NW and anchoring when Couraca Light bears 240°.
of Rocky Shoal should steer with Madhwad Bainsla, or the E
extremity of Diu Head, bearing more than 283°, and open well
Diu—Contact Information
N of the light structure on Diu Head. This course leads S of the
S extremity of Rocky Shoal. Course should be altered N for the Port Control
anchorage about 1 mile ENE of the E extremity of Diu Head, Call sign Port Control
when the E of two distant sharp peaks bears 005°. Steer for this
peak on this bearing, taking care to avoid a 4.9m patch about VHF VHF channels 16 and 71
0.5 mile NW of Rocky Shoal. Vessels can anchor when the 91-2875-252-263
cliffs on the S side of the entrance of Madhwad Creek bear Telephone
270°, with the S entrance point of the creek about 1.25 miles. 91-9824-458-309 (mobile)
2.3When approaching this latter anchorage it should be remem- Facsimile 91-2875-252-263
bered that the flood current sets strongly toward Rocky Shoal
and the ebb current toward Madhwad Bainsla. [Link]-dd@[Link]
E-mail
portprem58@[Link]
2.4 Diu Harbor (20°43'N 71°00'E), between the E end of
Web site [Link]
Diu Island and the mainland N, is open E and somewhat en-
cumbered by shoals.
2.4Tides—Currents.—The flood current S of Diu sets ENE, Caution.—A rock, with a depth of 1.3m, lies about 0.5 mile
2.4

with a greatest velocity at springs of 1.5 knots. It often runs for E of the E extremity of Diu Island. A 3m rocky patch lies about
2 hours after the time of HW by the shore. The ebb current sets 0.8 mile farther ENE. A 4.7m depth lies about 1 mile ENE of
WSW at a velocity of 2 knots at springs, and often runs for 2.5 the E extremity of Diu Island.
hours after the water along the shore has began to rise. These A reef, which dries in places, extends about 0.5 mile ENE
2.4

irregularities of tides will account in some measure for the ed- from the E extremity of Diu Island.
dy currents off Diu Head. From October to the end of January large fleets of fishing
2.4

2.4Aspect.—Diu Island is separated from the mainland by Ses- vessels based at Brancawaa, at the W end of Diu Island, and al-
alkhada Creek, which runs through the middle of a large so based at Diu, Nawabandar, and Simar (20°46'N., 71°10'E.)
swamp. The seaward side of the island is composed chiefly of will be found from 4 to 8 miles offshore; these vessels leave
sandstone cliffs; the hills on its W part are about 30m high. The barrel buoys and logs to mark the fishing grounds, and it is ad-
citadel of Forte do Diu, at the E extremity of Diu Island, is con- visable to give them a wide berth.
spicuous from seaward.
2.4A light is shown near the center of Forte do Diu; Couraca Diu Harbor to Pipavav Bandar
Light is shown periodically from the NE extremity of the same
fort. The town of Diu, close W of the fort, is enclosed by a wall 2.5 Nawabandar (20°44'N., 71°05'E.) is a promontory
which is breached in many places on its W sides. There are situated 2 miles E of Diu Harbor; the intervening coast is high,
several prominent buildings in the town. with deep water close to it. A light is shown from a white circu-
2.4Forte do Mar is situated about 0.2 mile N of Forte do Diu, on lar building on the promontory. The town of Delvada, about 2.5
the N side of the entrance to Sesalkhada Creek; it lies at the SE miles NW of Nawabandar, has a large conspicuous temple with
edge of a spit and is periodically marked by a light. twin minarets.
2.4A temple, about 0.7 mile NNW of Forte do Mar, is conspicu- 2.5Storm signals are shown at Nawabandar; the Brief System is
ous in the N part of the village of Gogola. used. Further information on these storm signals may be found
2.4A guard house, with a red roof and a palm tree, are conspicuous in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
about 1.3 miles NNE, and 2 miles N of Forte do Mar. tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
2.4Signals.—Storm signals are displayed from a flagstaff in 2.5Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained, in 9.1m,
Forte do Diu; the Brief System is used. Further information on mud, with the light structure at Nawabandar bearing 254°, dis-
these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Direc- tant 1 mile.
tions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean 2.5Panikota Islet, about 4.5 miles ENE of Nawabandar, is con-
under “India—Signals.” nected to the mainland W by a drying reef, which also extends
2.4Contact Information.—See the table titled Diu—Contact about 0.3 mile ENE from the islet. Simar Fort, a white flat-
Information. topped structure with a flagstaff, is situated at the N end of the
2.4Anchorage.—Diu Harbor affords no protection from the E; islet; a light is shown seasonally from the fort.
vessels should not anchor in the harbor during strong E winds, 2.5Close W of Panikota Islet, a range of cliffs extends about 2
the holding ground, sand and rock. miles W and attains an elevation of 13m; the W end of these

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 41

cliffs appears as a sharp bluff when seen from E. A temple, 2.6Depths—Limitations.—A channel about 40m wide leads to
11m high, is situated on the mainland, about 0.3 mile SW of a basin having a diameter of 300m, around the L-shaped jetty.
Simar Fort. Berthing details are shown in the table titled Jafarabad—
2.5Bhesla Rock, a rocky islet 8m high, lies about 10.3 miles E Berth Information.
of Panikota Islet and is fringed by a drying reef, except on its 2.6Aspect.—Jafarabad Harbor is situated in a shallow bay
SE side. A detached drying reef lies from 0.2 to 0.3 mile WSW about 1 mile across, at the entrance to the Jafarabad River. A
of Bhesla Rock. breakwater ends with an L-shaped jetty extending about 0.5
2.5There is good anchorage for small vessels about 0.4 mile N mile W from the shore near the cement factory on the E side. A
of Bhesla Rock, in 8.2m, mud, in Simar Anchorage. second breakwater extends ENE about 0.3 mile from the W
2.5From a position ENE of Bhesla Rock the track leads WSW, entrance point of the bay. A light shows from the W breakwater
clear of the 4.3m spit, towards the anchorage. head.
2.6Barman Hill, 106m high, is conspicuous about 6.5 miles
The channel between the reef W of Bhesla Rock and the reef
2.5
NNW of Jafarabad. Lor Hill, 146m high, about 3 miles W of
projecting ENE of Panikota Islet is not recommended, for al- Barman Hill, is also conspicuous.
though there is plenty of water, there are no navigational aids. 2.6A chimney, 90m high, and a conspicuous tower, 102m high,
The village of Rajpura lies on a point about 3.5 miles ENE of
2.5
are situated close together at a cement factory on the E en-
Panikota Islet; a light is shown seasonally from this point. trance point of the river.
There is high ground, with steep cliffs, close W of the village. 2.6Lights are shown from the SW and NE entrance points of the
A shoal, with a least depth of 4.2m, lies about 0.8 mile SW of harbors. A white beacon marks the W edge of the ledge of flat
the point, and about 0.3 mile offshore. rocks extending from the E side of the harbor entrance.
Murex Bluff, 25m high, lies about 5 miles farther ENE. Mu-
2.5
2.6Varaswarip Temple, 29m high, is situated close to the coast,
rex Reef, which dries from 1.8 to 2.7m, extends about 1 mile E about 2 miles W of the W entrance point of Pipavav Anchor-
of the bluff. age, and is conspicuous from S.
2.6Vessel Traffic Service.—Jafarabad is covered by the Gulf of
2.6 Jafarabad (20°52'N., 71°23'E.) is an open roadstead Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
affording little protection during the Southwest Monsoon. The paragraph 2.9.
harbor is shallow and a ledge of flat rocks extends nearly 0.5 2.6Contact Information.—See the table titled Jafarabad—
mile W from the E side of the harbor entrance. Jafarabad is a Contact Information.
walled town, with several round towers, on the highest of
which there is a flagstaff, 35m high. The town, situated on high
Jafarabad—Contact Information
ground, can be seen from the S and E over the intervening ris-
ing ground, about 1 mile inland on the W bank of the river of Port Control
the same name. VHF VHF channel 16
2.6Tides—Currents.—Outside the harbor, the tidal current sets
E with the flood and W with the ebb along the coast. Telephone 91-2794-245-165
2.6At springs, the E current continues to run for about 1 hour af- Facsimile 91-2794-245-152
ter the time of HW, and the W current continues to run until 4
hours before the time of the following HW. Both currents attain Web site [Link]
a maximum velocity of 4 knots after running for 3 hours.
2.6At neaps, the E current continues to run for 30 minutes after Anchorage.—In fine weather, good anchorage can be taken,
2.6

the time of HW, and the W current continues to run until 4.5 in 14m, with the light structure on the SW entrance point bear-
hours before the time of the following HW. The maximum ve- ing 260°, and with the light structure on the NE entrance point
locity of the flood is 1.8 knots and of the ebb 1.5 knots. bearing 036°.
2.6At neaps, the current changes from ebb to flood in a clockwise Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies about 0.8 mile E of the
2.6

direction and the flood to ebb in a counterclockwise direction. SW entrance point of the harbor.

Jafarabad—Berth Information
Berth Maximum Vessel
Berth Depth
Draft Remarks
Length Alongside LOA Size Beam
(HW)
Ultratech Cement Terminal
Clinker Clinker, coal, petcoke, coastal
211m — 82m 4.0m 3,004 dwt 16.0m
Jetty vessels, and bunkers.
Swan Energy LNG Import Terminal
Under construction. LNG/FSRU
FSRU
— 14.5m — 12.5m — — facility expected to be operational
Berth
by end of 2020.

Pub. 173
42 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

The coast between Jafarabad Harbor and the W entrance

2.6 the recommended route to Pipavav Port and anchorage due to
point of Pipavav Anchorage, about 5 miles ENE, is cliffy with much shallower depths in the East Channel. East Channel,
precipitous points, and fringed by a coastal reef. Inland the leading N of Bhensala Rock and Shial Bet, should only be used
country is undulating and partially cultivated. Small watch by light-draft vessels with local knowledge, and only at high
towers, about 1.8m high, lie on most of the hilltops on the water.
coast. 2.7West Channel leads W of Shial Bet (20°54'N., 71°31'E.)
NNE from a position about 0.3 mile E of the W beacon for
Pipavav Bandar (20°55'N., 71°31'E.) about 0.2 mile, then NE to a position between the N end of the
GPPL Jetty and Lighted Buoy No. 9 light, where there is a
World Port Index No. 48730 turning basin with a radius 275m and a depth of 13.5m. West
Channel can be used at any time day or night. The channel
2.7 Pipavav Bandar, the principal port for Dongar, about 6 width varies from 380m at its beginning and widens to 575m in
miles N, is the principal town on this part of the coast. Pipavav the vicinity of the GPPL Jetty before narrowing to a width of
Bandar is operated by APM Terminals, which is part of the 200m in the vicinity of the N end of the LPG Jetty.
A.P. Moller-Maersk Group. 2.7Berthing details are shown in the table titled Pipavav Port—
2.7Pipavav Bandar lies on the NW shore of the West Channel. It Berth Information.
is an all season port offering container, bulk, break bulk and liq- 2.7Only small vessels with local knowledge can proceed to Pi-
uid cargo handling services. It imports and exports bulk cargo in- pavav Bandar, as there is only a depth of 2.1m in the channel
cluding coal, cement and fertilizer, break bulk, and LPG. leading to it.
2.7Chanch Island, the W extremity of which is located about 2.3 2.7Aspect.—The shores of the islet are composed of rocky
miles NNE of Shial Island, fronts the coast for about 4.5 miles. cliffs, 10 to 16m high, with the exception of the NE side and
There is an extensive mangrove swamp close inland, which is the shore of a small bay on its NW side, which are low and san-
submerged only at very high spring tides A heavy swell occurs dy. Remains of old fortifications are on the N and E sides of the
during the Southwest Monsoon. islet. The greater part of the islet is covered with ruins of what
must have been extensive buildings and temples.
Port Authority of Pipavav Bandar 2.7Savai Bet Reef, a drying reef, steep-to on its E edge, extends
about 0.4 mile E from Savai Bet.
[Link] 2.7Bhensala Rock, a bluff rocky islet, 15m high and nearly
steep-to on its E side, is located 1 mile ENE of Savai Bet.
2.7Tides—Currents.—The mean spring tidal range is about 2.7Motapat Creek, separating the NW and N sides of Chanch
2.7m. The mean neap tidal range is only 1.2m. Island from the mainland, is the outlet for waters that cover an
2.7The ebb current, which sets SW from S of Chanch Island, di- immense tract of marshy land at high water.
vides N of Bhensala Rock. One branch sets W through East 2.7A circular tower, 9m high, is conspicuous at the W edge of a
Channel and then SW through West Channel, attaining a veloc- reef extending about 0.3 mile WSW from the W extremity of
ity of 2 knots at springs and 1 knot at neaps. The other branch Chanch Island.
sets toward Savai Bet Reef and then W along the coast at a ve- 2.7One Tree Hill, at the W extremity of Chanch Island, is 14m
locity of 2 to 2.5 knots at springs and 1.5 knots at neaps. high.
2.7The flood current sets across the S approach to West 2.7Spit Sand which dries 0.3m, extends nearly 1.8 miles SW
Channel and there divides. One branch sets N through the from the SW edge of the above-mentioned reef. The SW edge
channel and then NE toward Chanch Island at a velocity of 1.5 of Spit Sand is called The Spit and has a least depth of 1.9m.
to 2.5 knots at springs and about 1 knot at neaps. The other 2.7A palace, 26m high, about 2 miles ENE of the circular tower,
branch sets ENE past Savai Bet Reef, and then toward Bhensa- is a good landmark from the SE and S.
la Rock at a velocity of 3 knots at springs and 2 to 3 knots at 2.7Beacons on the mainland, in line bearing 019°, and about 2
neaps. miles N of Shial Bet, lead through West Channel. Beacons
2.7Strong eddies form in West Channel at HW and LW. stand on drying reefs on each side of the entrance to West
2.7Depths—Limitations.—Pipavav Port is approached from Channel.
the S through West Channel, about 0.75 mile long, dredged to 2.7Chachuda Mahadev Temple, 24m high, is conspicuous on
about 14.5m, and marked by lighted buoys. West Channel is the mainland, about 1.5 miles WSW of Shial Bet.

Pipavav Port—Berth Information

Berth Depth
Berth Remarks
Length Alongside
APM Terminals Pipavav
No. 1 330m 13.5m Coal, clinker, cement, steel, soda ash, iron ore, and fertilizers.
No. 2 — 13.5m Coal, clinker, cement, steel soda ash, iron ore, fertilizers, dry bulk,
No. 3 — 14.5m containers, and ro-ro. Continuous berthing length of 350m.
No. 4 385m 14.5m Containers and ro-ro.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 43

Pipavav Port—Berth Information

Berth Depth
Berth Remarks
Length Alongside
LPG 305m 11.5m LPG, petroleum products, chemicals, bitumen, and vegetable oils.
Ultratech Cement Works
Cement Jetty 337m 12.0 Cement.

2.7Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and available 24 hours. and 71°30.4'E.

2.7Vessels should call Port Control on VHF channel 16 or 71 Directions.—Vessels should enter West Channel with the
2.7

for pilot boarding information at least 3 hours prior to arrival. range lights on the mainland bearing 013° to the buoyed chan-
The use of tugs is compulsory. The pilot boards from a harbor nel leading to the port facilities.
tug in position 20°52'33.6''N, 71°30'08.4''E. Caution.—Due to the strong current setting across the West
2.7

2.7Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 72 hours, 48 Channel entrance, Pipavav Harbormaster recommends for ves-
hours, 24, hours, and 12 hours, in advance to the Harbormaster. sels to maintain a speed over ground of 3-4 knots.
2.7Vessel Traffic Service.—Pipavav Bandar is covered by the A ferry service operates between the SW part of the GPPL
2.7

Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa- Jetty and NW Shial Bet.
tion, see paragraph 2.9. A large rectangular spoil ground area has been established
2.7

2.7Contact Information.—See the table titled Pipavav Ban- about 2.4 miles SSE of Shial Bet.
dar—Contact Information.
Pipavav Bandar to Gopnath Point
Pipavav Bandar—Contact Information
2.8 Islet Point (21°00'N., 71°41'E.), about 10 miles NE
Port Authority of Shial Bet, is prominent and hilly. Several islets front the
Telephone 91-2794-242-715 point and are connected with each other and the coast by a dry-
ing reef of rocks. The S islet, about 0.8 mile S of the point, is
Facsimile 91-2794-242-668
15m high and nearly steep-to. A spit, with a depth of 4m, ex-
Web site [Link] tends about 0.8 mile ESE from this islet.
Patva Bay, between Islet Point and a bluff point, 15m high,
Port Control
2.8

about 2.5 miles WSW, is shallow and mostly dries.

Call sign Pipavav Port Control 2.8The bight between Islet Point and Gadhada, about 4 miles
VHF VHF channels 16 and 71 ENE, is filled with the coastal reef, which extends about 1.3
miles offshore in places. Gadhada, a village, is situated on the
91-2794-242-666 edge of a cliff, 20m high. A detached 7.3m patch lies about 3
Telephone
91-990-4086-633 (mobile) miles SW of Gadhada, and about 1.8 miles offshore.
2.8The coast between Gadhada and the SW entrance of Mahuva
Facsimile 91-2794-242-668 Bay is composed of limestone cliffs and is fringed by a steep-to
E-mail inppvportcontrol@[Link] coastal reef extending about 0.2 mile offshore.
2.8Mahuva Bay (21°02'N., 71°47'E.) nearly dries and shows a
Harbormaster mass of rocks and stones. Its SW entrance point is a bluff, 24m
91-2794-242-604 high; the NE entrance point, which is the SW extremity of Jegri
Island, is similar, but 18m high.
Telephone 90-2794-242-607
2.8Jegri Island, sparsely cultivated, has bold rocky cliffs on its S
91-9904-232-200 (mobile) and E sides, and its W part consists of sand hills from 18 to
E-mail [Link]@[Link] 23m high. A drying reef extends about 0.2 mile E from the SE
extremity of Jegri Island, which is marked by a light.
Pilots 2.8Mahuva Bandar is situated at the head of Mahuva Bay, and is
Telephone 91-990-4086-633 (mobile) approached through a creek which nearly dries. Mahuva, a
walled town with a conspicuous temple near its center, lies
E-mail inppvportcontrol@[Link] about 2.8 miles N of Mahuva Bandar, from which it is separat-
ed by an extensive swamp, submerged at HW.
2.7Anchorage.—There is good anchorage, sheltered from the 2.8Anchorage can be taken by small vessels, in about 13.1m,
Southwest Monsoon, in a depth of 9m, mud and sand, S of Shi- mud, with the light structure on Jegri Island bearing 040°, dis-
al Bet, about 3.8 miles offshore. Strong tidal currents prevail in tant 0.6 mile.
the Gulf of Khambhat so caution needs to be taken when an- 2.8Jegri Bay (Katpur Bay), between Jegri Island and Cave
choring. Point, about 2.3 miles NE, is a shallow bight, the head of
2.7Vessels should contact Port Control on VHF channel 16 or which, consisting of sand and mud, dries to a distance of about
71 for anchoring positions to be assigned. 0.7 mile seaward; the depths increase gradually to seaward.
2.7Anchoring is prohibited N of 20°52.5'N. between 71°29.4'E Bhawani Temple, on top of a sandhill at the head of Jegri Bay,

Pub. 173
44 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

is conspicuous. 2.9 Participation in the VTS is mandatory for the following ves-
2.8Tidal currents S and W of Jegri Island set in the direction of sels:
the line of the coast, with the flood setting E and the ebb setting 1. All vessels greater than 300 gross tons except coastal
W; at springs, the flood current attains a velocity of 2.5 knots vessels.
and the ebb current a velocity of 1 knot. 2. Towing vessels, where the length of the tow exceeds
2.8Kotada Bluff (21°07'N., 71°58'E.) is 26m high and conspic- 200m.
uous. During W winds, boats can land on the NE side of the 3. Bulk vessels carrying dangerous cargo designated in
bluff. the enforcement regulations of the Maritime Traffic Safety
2.8Methla Point, about 2 miles farther ENE, is a low rocky pro- Law, Article 2.
jection, 7.6m high, rising about 0.5 mile N to the average ele- 4. Other vessels as notified by the DC Shipping/Gujarat
vation of the undulating land in this vicinity of more than Maritime Board.
30.5m. 2.9 Reporting requirements for the VTS are, as follows:
2.8Bhensia Rock, 27m high, lies on the drying coastal reef 1. Inbound vessels intending to enter the VTS area.—
about 2.5 miles NE of Methla Point. Vessels are required to send a Pre-Arrival Notice (PAN) to
2.8Jhanjhmer is a walled town on the coast about 4 miles NE of the relevant VTS sector on the specified VHF channel 1 hour
Methla Point. The remains of a square and conspicuous old fort prior to entering the VTS area, stating the following infor-
are situated close S of the town. A light is shown about 0.2 mation:
mile S of the fort. a. Vessel name.
2.8Anchorage for small vessels can be obtained, in 10m, sand b. Call sign.
and mud, about 0.9 mile SE of the fort. c. ETA at the VTS limit and the approximate point of
2.8About midway between Jhanjhmer and Gopnath Point, there entry.
is a projecting point, 27.4m high, with a tower close inland. d. Destination port.
Vessels engaged in lighterage operations or only in coastal
The Gulf of Cambay (The Gulf of Khambhat) trade inside the VTS area do not need to provide a PAN.
2. Inbound vessels upon entering the VTS area.—
2.9 The Gulf of Cambay is about 30 miles wide at its en- Vessels should call the relevant VTS sector on the specified
trance between Gopnath Point (21°12'N., 72°07'E.) and Suva- VHF channel, stating the following information:
li Point (21°05'N., 72°38'E.). Malacca Banks, with deep a. Vessel name.
channels to the W and E, lie in the fairway of the approach. b. Call sign.
Grant Channel and Sutherland Channel are safer to use than the c. Position (latitude and longitude) at time of report-
channels between the banks, as the mariner is able to accurate- ing.
ly fix his position from the objects on the coast; Sutherland d. Course.
Channel should be used only by those with local knowledge. e. Speed.
2.9The S part of the gulf is deep, but the N part is encumbered f. MMSI/IMO Number.
with sand banks, which frequently change because of the force g. Nationality.
of the bores and freshets from the rivers. h. Gross tons and net tons.
2.9Deep-draft vessels can proceed up the gulf as far as Piram Is- i. Length overall.
land, about 28 miles NNE of Gopnath Point. Local knowledge j. Maximum draft.
is necessary for vessels navigating above Ghoga, about 6 miles k. Last port (if loaded, also state last loading port).
NW of Piram Island. l. Next port.
2.9Vessel Traffic Service.—The gulf is covered by the Gulf of m. ETA at next port (anchorage or pilot station).
Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. The VTS area covers the en- n. Type of cargo on board.
tire gulf N of latitude 20°30.0'N and E of longitude 71°20.0'E o. Type and quantity of dangerous cargo and pollut-
and is divided into three sectors, as follows: ants on board.
1. VTS Khambhat North—North of latitude 21°12.2'N p. Total number of crew, including the master, and
to the coast. their nationalities.
2. VTS Khambhat West—North of latitude 20°30.0'N, E q. Master’s name and nationality.
of longitude 71°20.0'E, W of longitude 72°20.0'E, and S of r. Details of agent if bound for a port in the VTS area.
latitude 21°12.2'N. s. Details of consignee if bound for a port in the VTS
3. VTS Khambhat East—North of latitude 20°30.0'N, E area.
of longitude 72°20.0'E, and S of latitude 21°12.2'N. t. Security level being maintained on board.
2.9The following ports are located within the VTS area: u. Whether all navigational and communications
1. Bhavnagar New Port (paragraph 2.16). equipment on board are working satisfactorily.
2. Dahej (paragraph 2.19). v. Does the vessel have any swine flu on board?
3. Hazira LNG Terminal (paragraph 2.12). w. Heavy Oil/MDO/Lube Oil/Fresh Water remaining
4. Hazira Offshore Terminal (Reliance Offshore Termi- on board.
nal) (paragraph 2.11). 3. Vessels inside the VTS area other than a vessel at a
5. Jafarabad (paragraph 2.6). berth.—Vessels should maintain a continuous listening
6. Magdalla (paragraph 2.10). watch on VHF channel 16, on the relevant VHF channel for
7. Pipavav Bandar (paragraph 2.7). the VTS sector, and on any other VHF channel required by

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 45

local regulations. Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service—Contact

4. Vessels transiting the VTS area and entering a new Information
VTS sector.—Vessels should contact the appropriate sector
on the relevant VHF channel and report the change of sector. VTS Khambhat Center
5. Vessels transiting the VTS area and intending to 91-261-658-6788
anchor in the designated anchorage in the VTS area.— Telephone
Vessels should inform the appropriate VTS sector of this in- 91-990-990-3748
tention well in advance. After anchoring in the VTS area, E-mail vtskhambhat@[Link]
vessels should report the following information on the rele-
vant VHF channel: Web site [Link]
a. Anchor let-go position (latitude and longitude).
b. Time of anchoring. 2.9The sand and banks in the upper part of the gulf are subject to
c. Status of main engine. great alterations. Any directions for navigating this area must be
d. Heavy Oil/MDO/Lube Oil/Fresh Water remaining considered as general only; local knowledge is necessary.
on board. 2.9Malacca Banks is the general name for four long narrow
6. Vessels at anchor.—Vessels should maintain a con- shoals lying in and obstructing the entrance of the Gulf of
tinuous listening watch on VHF channel 16, on the relevant Cambay, between the parallels of 20°20'N and 21°20'N. These
VHF channel for the VTS sector, and on any other VHF shoals, named in order from W, are Western Bank, Narmada
channel required by local regulations. Bank, Breaker Bank, and Eastern Bank.
7. Vessels at a berth, leaving a berth, leaving the har- 2.9Deep channels are between these shoals, but they are narrow
bor, or leaving an anchorage.—Vessels should follow local at their N ends, and it is inadvisable to use them.
regulations and report to the respective authorities as appro- 2.9Western Bank dries in places.
priate. In addition, vessels should report to the appropriate 2.9It was reported (2012) that vessels with a draft of more than
VTS sector on the relevant VHF channel at the following 8.5m use the buoyed channel between Western and Narmada
times: Banks.
a. When alongside the berth. 2.9Vessels proceeding the N part of Gulf of Khambhat via
b. When casting off from the berth. Grant Channel should initially follow the TSS WNW, proceed-
c. When disembarking the last sea pilot. ing N to pass W of Tapti Oil Development Area, passing W of
d. When the anchor is aweigh. a dangerous wreck in position 20°37.9’N, 71°38.6’E, with a
e. Upon ringing full away. depth of 10.2m, and clear of an 8.9m shoal that lies in position
8. Outbound vessels leaving the VTS area.—Vessels 20°46.3’N 71°38.4’E.
should report to the appropriate VTS sector, reporting the 2.9Grant Channel, between Western Bank and the coast NW, is
vessel’s name and ETA at the next port. steep-to on both sides, with general depths of 11.3 to 27m, bot-
In addition to the reporting requirements listed above, all
2.9
tom is sand toward the bank and mud toward the Channel off
vessels transiting the VTS area shall inform the VTS of any in- the N end of Western Bank.
formation concerning the safety of navigation and pollution
prevention. 2.9Depths in Grant Channel between Gopnath Point and West-
Contact Information.—For details on how to contact the
2.9
ern Bank, 6 miles SSE of Gopnath Point, were reported (2002)
VTS see the table titled Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic to be 1 to 1.5m less than charted.
Service—Contact Information. 2.9Narmada Bank has a large area of drying sand near its center.
Caution.—Considerable shoaling is reported in the entrance
2.9
2.9Breaker Bank has a long sand bank near its center, which
of the Gulf of Cambay and mariners should navigate with may be seen a long distance from the masthead when the sun
caution in this vicinity. shines on it at high water neaps, but it is submerged at high wa-
ter springs. Depths of 2.7 to 3.3m lie at the N end of Breaker
Bank, about 16 miles ENE of Gopnath Point; a drying patch
Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service—Contact
was reported (1954) in this vicinity. A dangerous wreck lies
Information
about 5 miles SW of Breaker Bank.
VTS Khambhat North 2.9Eastern Bank has several shoal patches, some of which dry.
Call sign VTS Khambhat North Because the depths are deep within 0.2 mile of these shoal
patches in many places, soundings give little warning of the ap-
VHF VHF channel 69 proach to these dangers.
VTS Khambhat West 2.9Sutherland Channel, between Eastern Bank and the coast E,
is about 2.5 miles wide at its narrowest part, WNW of Suvali
Call sign VTS Khambhat West Point. Two lighterage areas, one for general cargo and one for
VHF VHF channel 10 chemical and LPG cargo, which are best seen on the chart, are
located about 5 miles W of Suvali Point.
VTS Khambhat East 2.9Shoaling, including a drying patch about 300m wide, has
Call sign VTS Khambhat East been reported (2003 and 2006) in an area extending from 2 to 3
miles SW of the SW corner of the charted General Lighterage
VHF VHF channel 9
Area.

Pub. 173
46 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Magdalla (21°09'N., 72°45'E.) hour after the time of local HW. The tide often falls 2m just be-
fore the commencement of ebb tide.
World Port Index No. 48770 Depths—Limitations.—The Tapi River bar is dry at LW
2.10

while the entrance and river itself contains many sand banks
2.10 Magdalla, an official point of entry, includes the Hazi- that are also dry at tides less than HW. Magdalla is approached
ra port complex comprised of Hazira Offshore Terminal (see through a buoyed channel marked 80m wide and dredged to a
paragraph 2.11), the Hazira LNG Terminal (see paragraph depth of only 3m.
2.12), and a bulk/container terminal presently under construc- Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
tion. Magdalla—Berth Information.
The actual port of Magdalla is located about 5 miles up- Pilotage.—Pilots are not compulsory but any attempt to lo-
stream on the S bank of the Tapi River. Magdalla has four cate the entrance to the navigable channel should only be car-
berths capable of handling barges with drafts up to 3.5m. Most ried out through use of a local pilot.
cargo is handled at the Magdalla river jetties. Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 5
Tides—Currents.—The flood tide sets N, continuing for 1
2.10 days, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours prior to arrival.

Magdalla—Berth Information
Depth
Berth Name Length Remarks
Alongside
Adani Hazira Container Terminal
CT-1 318m 13.9m Clinker, coal, grain, containers, project/heavy, steel products, breakbulk, reefer,
CT-2 318m 13.9m and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of 636m.
Ambuja Cement Terminal
Cement Jetty 44m 6.0m Cement. Berth length of 118m (including dolphins).
Essar Terminal
Barge Jetty 775m — Coal, iron ore, limestone, steel products and breakbulk. Maximum draft of 3.5m.
No. 1 250m —
No. 2 250m — Coal, iron ore, limestone, steel products, breakbulk and bunkers. Continuous
berthing length of 1,450m. Maximum draft of 14.0m. Maximum beam of 50m.
No. 3 300m — Maximum loa of 300m.
No. 4 300m —
Kribhco Terminal
Kribhco Jetty 144m — Fertilizer.
Larsen and Toubro Terminal
Main Jetty 188m — Project/heavy cargo and steel products. Maximum draft of 6.0m.
Ro-Ro Jetty 37m — Ro-ro, project/heavy cargo, and steel products. Maximum draft of 4.0m.
Magdalla Terminal
No. 1 233m — Coal, grain, rock phosphate, machinery, mill scale, soybean, and molasses.
No. 2 143m — Cement, clinker, and general cargo.
Adani Hazira Port
MP1 320m 13.9m
Clean products, project/heavy, steel products and bunkers. Continuous berthing
MP2 320m 13.9m
length of 960m. Maximum loa of 295m. Maximum beam of 50m.
MP3 320m 13.9m
MP4 180m 13.9m Clean products, project/heavy, steel products, breakbulk, and bunkers.
Hazira LNG Terminal
LNG Berth 110m 13.0m LNG. Berthing length of 368m (including dolphins). Maximum loa of 317m.
Hazira Offshore Terminal
SPM — 25.0m Chemicals, clean products. Maximum loa of 250m. Maximum draft of 13.0m.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 47

Magdalla—Berth Information
Depth
Berth Name Length Remarks
Alongside
Reliance (RIL) Jetties
EDC Jetty 10m 8.5m Chemical gases and chemicals. Berthing length of 195m (including dolphins).
Chemical gases, chemicals, and LPG. Berthing length of 172m (including dol-
Gas Jetty 1 40m —
phins).
Gas Jetty 2 38m — Chemical gases and LPG. Berthing length of 123m (including dolphins).

Vessel Traffic Service.—Magdalla is covered by the Gulf of

2.10 shore Terminal—Contact Information
Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
paragraph 2.9. Hazira Offshore Terminal—Contact Information
Contact Information.—See the table titled Magdalla—
2.10

Contact Information. VHF VHF channel 67

Telephone 91-261-413-5484
Magdalla—Contact Information shippingradioroom@[Link]
Port Control/VTMS E-mail
[Link]@[Link]
VHF VHF channels 9 and 16
Telephone 91-261-272-1700 Caution.—Anchoring and fishing are prohibited within 1
2.11

mile of the SPM and as well as within 0.25 mile of the pipeline
Facsimile 91-261-272-1700 extending from the coast to the SPM. A fog signal is sounded
Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board from the SPM; the SPM also includes a radar reflector.
Telephone 91-261-247-0533 2.12 Hazira LNG Terminal (21°06'N., 72°37'E.) (World
Facsimile 91-261-247-5645 Port Index No. 48790) is located on the W side of the Hazira
peninsula and is approached through the S part of Sutherland
E-mail pomagdalla@[Link] Channel.
Web site [Link] Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents attain a rate of at least
2.12

4.5 knots at springs.

Anchorage.—Anchoring, best seen on the chart, is available
2.10
Depths—Limitations.—The harbor, open WSW, is
2.12

in Surat Roads, SW of Hazira Point, in depths from 10m to protected by breakwaters. The entrance channel is 0.65 mile
12m, but care must be taken due to the strong tidal currents, es- long; it is 0.37 mile wide at seaside, tapers to a width of 0.25
pecially on ebb tide. mile wide at the breakwaters, and is dredged to a depth of 13m.
The facility can accommodate an LNG carrier of
2.12

2.11 Hazira Offshore Terminal (Reliance Offshore Ter- 145,000m3, with a maximum length of 295m, a maximum
minal) (21°09'N., 72°34'E.) is situated about 9 miles NNW of beam of 50m, and a maximum draft of 11.5m. The berth, on
the Tapi River Fairway Lighted Buoy. The terminal is an SPM the N side of the harbor, has an alongside depth of 13m, is ori-
(named Reliance) and is approached through Sutherland Chan- ented in a NE/SW direction, and consists of four breasting dol-
nel. phins and five mooring dolphins.
Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents set N and S in the chan-
2.11
A container terminal, consisting of two berths designated CT1
2.12

nel at rates of up to 6 knots at springs. The tidal range is report- and CT2, and a multi-purpose terminal, consisting of three
ed to be about 7m. berths designated MP1, MP2, and MP3, have been constructed
Depths—Limitations.—There is a depth of 25m at the
2.11
SE of the LNG Terminal. Dredging is in progress (2013) in the
SPM. Vessels between 15,000 and 50,000 dwt and up to 250m area between the terminals; the port should be contacted for up-
in length, with a maximum arrival draft of 13m, can be accom- dated information.
modated. Aspect.—Range lights, in line bearing 069.5°, lead through
2.12

the entrance channel. The seaward end of the entrance channel

Pilotage.—Pilots should be requested via the agent. Pilots is marked by a pair of lighted buoys.
board LNG vessels in position 21°05'57.0''N, 72°34'16.2''E, Pilotage.—Pilots are compulsory and board, as follows:
2.12

about 3 miles S of the SPM. 1. LNG vessels—Position 20°54'00.0''N, 72°35'00.0''E.

Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA, via the agent, 2. All other vessels—Position 21°02'00.0''N,
72 hours, 48 hours, 12 hours, and 6 hours prior to arrival. 72°34'00.0''E.
Vessel Traffic Service.—The terminal is covered by the
2.11
3. Position 20°00'05.4''N, 72°35'27.6''E.
Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa- Regulations.—Vessels bound for the terminal must report to
2.12

tion, see paragraph 2.9. Magdalla Port Control when 2 miles S of Magdalla Port Lim-
Contact Information.—See the table titled Hazira Off-
2.11
its. All LNG carriers must obtain passage approval from Mag-

Pub. 173
48 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Hazira—Contact Information
Web site [Link]
Magdalla Port Control
VHF VHF channels 9 and 16
Telephone 91-261-272-1700
Facsimile 91-261-272-1700
LNG Terminal—Operators (Office)
91-79-3001-1100
Telephone
91-79-3001-1101
Facsimile 91-79-2647-0101
Web site [Link]
LNG Terminal—Operators (Terminal)
91-261-305-1155
Hazira Offshore Terminal SPM
Telephone 91-261-305-1149
dalla Port Control prior to entering the entrance corridor.
Only one vessel at a time is allowed to be underway in the
2.12
91-261-305-1151
approach corridor. The use of tugs is compulsory; four tugs se- 91-261-305-1158
cure to the LNG carrier prior to entering the dredged entrance Facsimile
channel. 91-261-305-1041
Vessel Traffic Service.—The terminal is covered by the
2.12

Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa- Caution.—The N end of Malacca Banks should not be ap-
2.12

tion, see paragraph 2.9. proached with an ebb tide, because, being nearly steep-to,
Contact Information.—See the table titled Hazira—Con-
2.12
soundings do not give sufficient warning. This area also has not
tact Information. been closely examined. Tapti Oil Development Area, best seen
Anchorage.—Anchoring is prohibited within the Magdalla
2.12
on the chart, is located in the W approach to the Gulf of Cambay.
Port Limits, which are best seen on the chart, except in an Unlit structures and lighted platforms are situated on the Malac-
emergency. See paragraph 2.10 for anchoring information. ca Banks, Surat Roads, and the Sutherland Channel, as best seen
on the chart.
Hazira—Contact Information
The Gulf of Cambay—West Side
Port Control
VHF VHF channels 16 and 69 2.13 Gopnath Point (21°12'N., 72°07'E.), the W entrance
point of the Gulf of Cambay, is moderately high, with a con-
91-261-305-1051 spicuous light structure and bungalow on it. A temple, 23m
Telephone
91-261-305-1041 high, lies near the coast, about 0.8 mile N of the point.
A reef, which dries 2.7m, extends about 1.5 miles ENE from
2.13

Facsimile 91-261-305-1158 Gopnath Point.

E-mail hlpl-haz-portcontrol@[Link] Gopnath Shoals, nearly steep-to on the E side, extend about
2.13

3.5 miles NNE from about 2 miles ENE of Gopnath Point. The
Essar Marine Operations shoals consist of a reef, which dries from 1.2 to 2.7m, and sev-
VHF VHF channel 71 eral patches with depths of less than 5.5m.
91-261-668-2271 Sultanpur Shoals extend about 4 miles NNE from the N end
2.13

Telephone of Gopnath Shoals to about 9 miles NNE of Gopnath Point,

91-261-668-2246
then W to the coast. These shoals consist of drying rock, sand
Facsimile 91-261-668-2292 and clay, and numerous patches with depths of 0.6 to 5.5m.
Tides—Currents.—Within Gopnath Shoal and Sultanpur
operations-ebtl@[Link]
2.13

E-mail Shoal the flood current at springs does not turn until more than
[Link]@[Link] 1 hour after the time of HW, and the ebb current continues to
Web site [Link] run for more than 1.5 hours after the tide has commenced ris-
ing. At neaps the flood current turns 2 hours after the time of
Adani Terminal HW.
Telephone 91-261-220-7780 The coast between Gopnath Point and Kuda Point, about 28
2.13

miles NNE, is low and covered with sandhills for about 18

Facsimile 91-261-220-7777 miles to Mitivirdi; then it is comparatively high, with several

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 49

ravines close to the coast. The country is flat and cultivated, nels, depths in the approaches to Bhavnagar change frequently.
with many scattered villages mostly surrounded by trees; in- Vessels should not navigate in this area without local knowl-
land it is generally from 30 to 61m high. edge or assistance.
Talaja Hill, rising from a level plain about 10 miles NNW of
2.13

Gopnath Point, and 5 miles inland, is a steep conical hill, about Bhavnagar (21°46'N., 72°14'E.)
113m high, with a conspicuous temple on its summit.
Palitana Mountain, 596m high, is conspicuous about 12
2.13 World Port Index No. 48760
miles WNW of Talaja Hill.
Khokhra Hills, the S end of which lies about 9.5 miles NNE
2.13 2.16 The port of Bhavnagar consists of a lock gate basin
of Talaja Hill, extends about 7.5 miles N. Its summit, 300m capable of receiving shallow draft vessels within an area pro-
high, near the N end of the range, is conspicuous. tected by a Lock Gate at the Bhavnagar New Port area and an
anchorage area about 3 miles E of Perigee Rock to accommo-
2.14 Alang Shipbreaking Yard (21°30'N., 72°20'E.) is lo- date deep-draft vessels for working cargo via lighters and barg-
cated about 5 miles SSW of Piram Island Light. Vessels to be es. The lock gate basin lies near the head of an inlet, which
scrapped are normally run in to the beach on high tide (HW mostly dries, about 5 miles NNW of Ghogha. Bhavnagar New
over 10m) twice a month. There are no size restrictions for ves- Port is entered through the lock gate, which is 21m in width,
sels calling at Alang to be scrapped. near the entrance to the inlet. Only coasters, lighters, or harbor
Tides—Currents.—Tide information is produced by the
2.14 craft can enter the port.
port department and can be attained by contacting local agents. Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Bhavnagar is 10.2m at
2.16

Regulations.—Masters are to send their ETA’s 72 hours, 48

2.14 MHWS and 8.3m at MHWN. At Piram Island, high tide is 40
hours, and 24 hours prior to arrival. Vessels slated for demoli- minutes earlier and the tidal rise is 8.9m at MHWS and 7.3m at
tion must arrive without any cargo on board. MHWN.
Anchorage.—The primary anchorage is 5 miles S of Piram
2.14 The direction and velocity of the tidal currents are irregular
2.16

Island Light. between Gopnath Point and Bhavnagar and are affected by lo-
cal winds, especially in Malcolm Channel. At the S of Channel
2.15 Kuda Point (21°38'N., 72°18'E.), 10m high, has a Bank, the current divides.
thick clump of trees and a white bungalow on it. The trees are At the N end of Bhavnagar Channel, the flood and ebb cur-
2.16

conspicuous from N or S and the bungalow shows well during rents have a velocity of about 3 knots at springs and 2.5 knots
the forenoon when seen from E. at neaps. These velocities are likely to increase when freshets
Mallock Reef, about 1.5 miles SE of Kuda Point, dries 4.7m
2.15 occur in the Kalubhar River. The general direction of the tidal
and lies on the W side of the channel between it and the reef currents is parallel to the coast.
extending NW from Piram Island. The duration of the current at the N end of Bhavnagar Chan-
2.16

Piram Island, 11m high and composed of sand, lies with its
2.15 nel varies from 13 to 20 minutes at springs and from 12 to 22
N end about 2.8 miles SE of Kuda Point. At the S end of the is- minutes at neaps.
land there are a few trees and a little cultivation; the NE side is Depths—Limitations.—Vessels only up to 148.5m long,
2.16

fringed by a few mangrove trees. The lighthouse is conspicu- with a maximum beam of 19.5m, can enter the port through
ous near the middle of the island; a small village is situated 21m-wide lock gates. Depending on the tide level, a vessels
close N of the lighthouse. with a maximum draft of 4m can enter into the tidal basin.
Reefs surround the island and extend about 2.5 miles NNE,
2.15 Berthing details are shown in the table titled Bhavnagar—
2.16

0.5 mile E, and 1.5 miles SSE from the island. Shoal water, Berth Information.
with depths of less than 11m, extends about 7.8 miles SSW Vessels arrive and depart at about HW slack. They enter with
2.16

from the S end of the reef surrounding Piram Island. a tug ahead; another tug is available in the turning basin, where
The narrow channel between Mallock Reef and Piram Island
2.15 they are usually swung and berthed starboard side-to.
should not be used without local knowledge as the tide runs Perigee Rock, which dries 1.4m, lies about 2.3 miles NE of
2.16

through at a great velocity and there is very little slack water. Ghogha; it shows three heads above water at the lowest spring
Caution.—Due to continuous shifting of banks and chan-
2.15 tides.

Bhavnagar—Berth Information
Berth Maximum Vessel
Berth Depth
Draft Remarks
Length Alongside LOA Beam
(HW)
Bhavnagar Port Terminal
Akwada Jetty 92m — — — — Closed.
Concrete Jetty 270m 12.8m 148.5m 4.0m 19.5m Coal, fertilizer, iron ore, phosphates, salt, scrap
metal, general cargo, sulfur, oil cakes, onions,
North Quay 141m — 131m 4.0m 19.5m and grape seeds.

Pub. 173
50 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Perigee Light Float is moored about 1.4 mile S of Perigee

2.16

Rock. Depths E and SE of Perigee Rock, to a distance of about

4 miles, are irregular.
2.16

Lock Gate at Bhavnagar Port

Perigee Light Float

A shoal, which dries 4.2m, extends N from a position about
2.16

2 miles NE of Perigee Rock.

Stranded wrecks lie about 4.5 miles E of Perigee Rock.
2.16

Channel Bank, which dries 6.5m and is covered with grass,

2.16

extends N from about 2 miles N of Ghogha.

On the S side of the Kalubhar River N of the city of
2.16

Bhavnagar, a steel pier can accommodate coastal vessels of

medium draft. Vessels using the pier lie alongside with an an-
chor down and can lie on the mud at LW.
Aspect.—The coast between Kuda Point and Ghogha
2.16

(21°41'N., 72°17'E.), about 4 miles NNW, is low and marshy. It

is fronted by reefs, parts of which dry, and shoalwater extends
nearly 2.5 miles offshore. Abreast Ghogha, the foreshore is
mud and shingle, drying to a distance of about 0.5 mile off-
shore.
Ghogha is a walled town and the land in the vicinity is inun-
2.16

dated at spring tides.

The coast from Ghogha to Bhavnagar Point, about 9 miles
2.16

NNW, consists of a mud flat overgrown by low mangrove

bushes intersected by numerous small drying creeks.
Rhuk Bank, with its S end about 7 miles NNW of Ghogha,
2.16

extends about 10 miles N, partially covers at HWS, and is cov-

ered with mangrove bushes.
Bhavnagar Channel lies SW of Channel Bank and dries
2.16

2.4m.
Mariners are warned that due to frequent changes in the banks
2.16

and channels N of Piram Island, local knowledge is necessary.

Range beacons lead across the drying banks in the Kalubhar
2.16

River. Due to the continual silting, the depths in the river and its
approaches are liable to change, and the range beacons are liable
to alteration. Dredging is continually in progress. Ruvapari Light
Ruvapari Light (21°47'N., 72°14'E.) is shown from a gray
2.16

hut on piles, on the SW side of Bhavnagar Channel, about 1 fore the time of HW at Bhavnagar for docking on the same
mile NNW of Bhavnagar New Port. tide. Prior notice of ETA must be sent to obtain a pilot.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots will board vessels
2.16 If the pilot has not yet arrived when the vessel reaches the pi-
2.16

about 4.6 miles SW of Luhara Point not later than 2 hours be- lot boarding area, anchoring to await the pilot is not recom-

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 51

mended, but instead to steam in reciprocal courses until the The Gulf of Cambay—East Side
pilot arrives.
The pilot vessel is a tug with a black hull, buff superstruc-
2.16 2.17 Suvali Point (21°05'N., 72°38'E.), the E entrance
ture, and a buff funnel with a black top. In addition to the usual point of the Gulf of Cambay, is fringed by the drying coastal
signals for a pilot vessel, a searchlight is flashed from time to reef which extends about 1 mile W of the point. Tapti Light is
time at night. The pilot boat maintains radio watch on VHF shown from a white circular stone column, 27m high, on the
channel 16 when on duty. point; a tomb lies close SE of the light structure.
Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA to the Port Of-
2.16 The coast from Suvali Point to the entrance of Tena Creek,
2.17

fice at least 48 hours in advance. about 8.3 miles N, is fringed by a drying coastal reef. About 5
Vessels dock and undock during daylight hours only, except
2.16 miles N of Suvali Point there are some sand hills, known as Su-
for special circumstances. vali Hills.
Vessel Traffic Service.—Bhavnagar is covered by the Gulf
2.16 Between the entrance to Tena Creek and the entrance to Sena
2.17

of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, Creek, about 9 miles N, the coast is fringed with thick groves
see paragraph 2.9. of palmyra trees. The Kim River, about 2 miles farther N, dries
Contact Information.—See the table titled Bhavnagar
2.16 in its entrance.
Port—Contact Information. Tena Bank-Outer Bhagva Sand, one continuous narrow bank
2.17

nearly parallel with the coast, lies between the entrance to Tena
Bhavnagar Port—Contact Information Creek and the S entrance of the Kim River. Tena Bank, the S
part of which dries, is a continuation of Outer Bhagva Sand,
Port Control the N part of which dries in patches. Bhagva Channel, E of the
VHF VHF channel 16 above bank, is used only by small vessels with local knowl-
edge.
Telephone 91-278-256-1221
Dani Point Light is shown from a steel framework structure,
2.17

Facsimile 91-278-257-1221 26m high, about 2.5 miles SE of the entrance to the Sena River.
Web site [Link] Gulwala Bank, with depths of less than 11m, extends about
2.17

6.3 miles S from a position about 3.5 miles W of the S entrance

Pilots point of the Kim River. There is a drying patch near its N end.
VHF VHF channels 6, 12, and 16 Between Gulwala Bank and Tena Bank and Outer Bhagva
2.17

Sand there are several shoals with depths of less than 5.5m.
The intricate navigation required to pass through the channel E
Anchorage.—Vessels anchor in the charted anchorage area
2.16

of Gulwala Bank, with its rapid tides, should not be attempted

E of Perigee Rock. Tidal currents have been reported to reach a without local knowledge. At night, or in a large vessel, it is
rate of about 6 knots at springs. necessary to keep well W of Gulwala Bank.
It has been reported that several vessels have lost anchors in
2.16

The coast between the entrance of the Sena River and Luhara
2.17

the foul ground found about 1.5 miles E of Perigee Rock. Point, about 18 miles N, is low and marshy. It is intersected by
several streams and rivers, and is flooded at spring tides from 1
To prevent yawing during spring tides, consideration should
2.16

to 4 miles inland.
be given to the use of a second anchor and/or steering. The sec- The Narmada River flows into the Gulf of Cambay, S of Lu-
2.17

ond anchor should be heaved up and dropped 1.5 hours before hara Point, through a wide estuary in which there are extensive
and after the tidal current change to avoid fouling the first an- sand banks which dry and are subject to change. The river itself
chor. It is recommended that engines are kept on stand-by, to also contains many sand banks with channels between them,
be available within 20 minutes, during spring tides. which are mostly shallow and very intricate.
Directions.—No directions are given due to the frequent
2.16

Alia Bet, low and covered with small scrub, lies in the mid-
2.17

changes in the channels and banks, and local knowledge is nec- dle of the estuary.
essary. Mariners should navigate with caution off the S part of the
2.17

Caution.—A wide berth should be given the area around

2.16

estuary of the Narmada River, as the depths have changed con-

Perigee Light Float due to extensive silting. siderably.
Due to continuous shifting of banks and channels, depths in
2.16

Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents on the E side of the

2.17

the approach and channel to Bhavnagar change frequently. Gulf of Cambay set in a NE direction with the flood tide and in
Mariners are advised not to navigate in the vicinity without lo- a SW direction with the ebb, except when their direction is al-
cal knowledge or the assistance of a pilot. tered by the sand banks.
The Lock Gate at the entrance to Bhavnagar New Port har-
2.16

bor is unusual in that it is lifted vertically before being swung 2.18 Luhara Point (21°39'N., 72°32'E.), the N entrance
clear and will cause a surge in the harbor area. Successive point of the Narmada River, is the highest ground in the vicini-
heights of tide at HW during springs can vary by up to 2m, re- ty; the land is generally low, and consists of sand hills covered
sulting in unequal water levels. The initial lock gate lift, at any with trees. The highest sand hill, about 24m high, rises just
time between 2.5 hours and 0.5 hour before HW, can cause a within Luhara Point. Luhara Point Light, with a racon, is
surge within the dock basin and attention to moorings and shown from a white tower with red diagonal stripes on the
gangways during this period is recommended. point.

Pub. 173
52 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

The drying coastal bank extends about 2.5 miles SSW, and
2.18 of the GCPTCL Jetty.
about 1.3 miles W of the point. Bar Sands, which dry, lie close The Reliance Dahej Marine Terminal (RDMT) Jetty, a T-
2.19

S of the S edge of the coastal bank, and are marked W by a red head jetty flanked by mooring dolphins, is situated about 0.7
conical buoy. mile E of Luhara Point.
Bharuch Roads is the roadstead W of the entrance to the
2.18 Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
2.19

Narmada River. The anchorage is unprotected, but the bottom Dahej—Berth Information.
is good holding ground of sand and mud. At the anchorage the Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all terminals but is not
2.19

tidal currents set N with the flood and S with the ebb; the flood required for the fertilizer anchorage. Information on requesting
runs for about 1 hour after the time of HW. pilots and the pilot boarding positions for the respective
Anchorage in Bharuch Roads can be obtained, in 16.5m,
2.18 terminals is, as follows:
with the light structure on Luhara Point bearing 024°, distant 1. GCPTCL Jetty (Offshore Marine Jetty)—Vessels
4.5 miles and the light structure on Piram Island bearing 272°. should send their ETA 72 hours, 48 hours, 24 hours, and 6
The Narmada River, which is tidal for about 55 miles, can
2.18 hours in advance. All vessels are advised to contact GCPL
only be navigated by vessels drawing more than 1.8m between Port Control on VHF channel 16 at least 4 hours and 2 hours
half flood and half ebb, and then only if possessing local prior to arrival. Reports should also be made for inbound and
knowledge. outbound vessels when crossing the port limits. The pilot
Pilotage for the river can generally be obtained off the bar of
2.18 boards about 1 mile W of the jetty in position 21°41.5’N,
the river. 72°29.5’E.
Kerselea Bank, lying between Luhara Point and Alia Bet, is
2.18 2. APPPL Jetty—Vessels should send their ETA and
an extensive area of mud and sand, which dries up to 5.5m. pilotage request 7 days, 5 days, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24
Bharuch Channel, the principal entrance of the river, leads W
2.18 hours in advance. The pilot boards about 1 mile W of the
and N of Kerselea Bank. Vessels can pass either N or S of Bar jetty.
Sands. 3. Petronet LNG (North and South) Jetty—The pilot
Tides—Currents.—The flood current entering the Narmada
2.18 boards about 3 miles SW of the jetty head. The vessel’s
River flows until about 1 hour after the time of HW, and some- speed must be less than 5 knots when boarding the pilot.
times attains a velocity of 5 to 6 knots. The ebb sets out strong- 4. Reliance Dahej Marine Terminal (RDMT) Jetty—
ly and runs occasionally until 1 hour after the time of LW. Vessels should send their ETA 72 hours, 48 hours, 24 hours,
During the flood tide there are heavy overfalls on the outer and 12 hours in advance. The pilot should be requested via
edge of the bar. the agent. The pilot boards at the entrance of the buoyed
channel near Lighted Buoy No. 1 and Lighted Buoy No. 2,
2.19 The coast between Luhara Point and Ban Creek, about 5 miles SW of the jetty.
about 4.5 miles N, consists of moderately-high sand hills. Then 5. Fertilizer anchorage—Requests should be made at
to the entrance to the Dhadhar River, about 7.5 miles farther least 24 hours in advance to the Assistant Port Officer.
NNE, the coast is low and composed of sand and mud. Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in about 17m of
2.19

Dahej (21°42'N., 72°32'E.) (World Port Index No. 48674)

2.19 depth, sand, with Luhara Point Light bearing 136°, distant
and Gandhar, about 3.8 and 15 miles, respectively, NNE of Lu- about 5.25 miles.
hara Point, are the only large villages near the coast. They both LNG vessels should avoid anchoring, but may anchor W of
2.19

have conspicuous buildings, which can be seen from a consid- 72°28.5'E in an area centered on position 21°39.1'N, 72°26.7'E
erable distance. Dahej is an open roadstead, used for the un- if necessary. Anchorage to the E of this area is prohibited.
loading of bulk fertilizers to barges. Vessel Traffic Service.—Dahej is covered by the Gulf of
2.19

Depths—Limitations.—The GCPTCL Jetty (Offshore Ma-

2.19 Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
rine Jetty), a bulk chemical facility, is situated about 2.3 miles paragraph 2.9.
NW of Luhara Point. Contact Information.—See the table titled Dahej—
2.19

The APDPL Jetty is a T-head jetty situated about 0.5 mile S

2.19 Contact Information.

Dahej—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Name Length Remarks
Alongside Length Draft
Adani Petronet Dahej Port Terminal
D01 200m — 260m 14.0m Coal.
Coal, mineral ore, and breakbulk. Berthing length of 276m
D02 221m — 260m 12.0m
(including dolphins).
Dahej Harbor Infrastructure Limited (DHIL) Terminal
Birla Cooper Chemicals, LPG, coal, copper concentrate, breakbulk, metal
128m — 206m 13.0
Jetty and general cargo. Continuous berthing length of 208m.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 53

Dahej—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Name Length Remarks
Alongside Length Draft
Reliance Dahej Marine Terminal (RDMT)
Chemical gases, clean products, LPG, and ro-ro (passengers).
Reliance Jetty 48m 7.0m 126m 6.5m
Berthing length of 148m (including dolphins).
Gujarat Chemical Port Terminal
Chemical gases, chemicals, clean products, and LPG.
GCPTCL Jetty 99m 16.0m 215m 14.5m
Berthing length of 311m (including dolphins).
Petronet LNG Facility Terminal
No. 1 40m 16.2m 300m 12.5m LNG. Berthing length of 374m (including dolphins).
No. 2 42m 16.2m 300m 12.5m LNG. Berthing length of 387m (including dolphins).

Caution.—Numerous areas of foul ground, best seen on the

2.19
Dahej—Contact Information
chart, exist between the charted Dahej port limit and Makra
Bank. VHF VHF channels 16 and 77
Due to continuous shifting of banks and channels, depths in
2.19
91-2641-261-017
the approach and channel to Dahej change frequently. Mariners
are advised not to navigate in the vicinity without local Telephone 91-2641-261-003
knowledge or the assistance of a pilot. 91-9898-042-724 (mobile)
A drying flat extends from 1 to 3 miles offshore between
2.19
E-mail jettycontrolroom@[Link]
Luhara Point and the S entrance of the Dhadhar River. The S Web site [Link]
part of this flat is steep-to at its W edge.
Petronet LNG Terminal
2.20 The Dhadhar River nearly dries about 1.5 miles within Call sign Petronet Marine
the entrance; local knowledge is necessary to enter the river.
VHF VHF channels 16, 67, and 74
Dahej—Contact Information 91-2641-670-290
Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board Telephone 91-2641-670-265 (Jetty control room)
91-2642-241-772 91-2641-670-266 (Jetty control room)
Telephone
91-2642-220-377 Port Conservator
Facsimile 91-2642-243-140 91-2642-220-377
Telephone
Web site [Link] 91-2642-241-772
APPPL Terminal Facsimile 91-2642-243-140
Call sign Adani Port Control Port Operations
VHF VHF channels 16 and 73 91-2641-670-290 (Marine Head, Direct)
Telephone
91-968-7695-730 (mobile) 91-9662-526-272 (Marine Head, Mobile)
Telephone
91-264-1285-020 Facsimile 91-2641-300-310
[Link]@[Link] E-mail shipping@[Link]
E-mail
[Link]@[Link] Web site [Link]
APPPL Terminal Operators Reliance Dahej Marine Terminal (RDMT) Terminal
Telephone 91-2641-285-001 Call sign RDMT Port Control
Facsimile 91-2641-253-398 VHF VHF channels 14 and 16
Web site [Link] Telephone 91-2641-301-563
GCPL Terminal Facsimile 91-2641-301-563
Call sign GCPL Terminal E-mail [Link]@[Link]

Pub. 173
54 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Dahej—Contact Information with a velocity of 4.5 to 6 knots.

Tidal bores form near the entrance to the Sabarmati River;
2.21

RDMT Port Authority one travels up that river while another travels up Khambhat
Telephone 91-2642-241-772 Channel and the Mahi River. Each sweeps through the chan-
nels as a line of disturbed and breaking water, and tends to alter
Facsimile 91-2641-243-140 the configuration of those channels.
E-mail [Link]@[Link] In the Mahi River, the bore may be as much as 2.4m high,
2.21

and attain a velocity of 10 knots at the highest spring tides. The

Devjagan Light is shown periodically from a circular stone
2.20
magnitude of the bore varies with the range of the tide. The
column, 13m high, on Tankari Point, the N entrance point of bore is not perceptible at neap tides, but becomes increasingly
the Dhadhar River. A pagoda lies about 0.5 mile NW of the prominent as spring tides approach. The bore preceding the
light structure. higher HW is greater than that preceding the lower of two suc-
Makra Bank, which dries near its center, lies with its SE ex-
2.20
cessive HWs.
tremity about 6 miles NW of Luhara Point and about 4 miles The bore in the Sabarmati River is similar but less pro-
2.21

offshore. The bank is narrow and extends about 10.3 miles N. nounced.
The flood current commences at a great velocity with the
2.21

Mariners are warned that owing to frequent changes in the

2.20
passage of the bore, then decreases in strength for a time, and
banks and channels in the upper part of the Gulf of Cambay, lo- finally attains its full strength about 45 minutes after the pass-
cal knowledge is necessary. ing of the bore.
Tankari Road, the roadstead off the entrance to the Dhadhar
2.20

River, can be identified by the light structure and pagoda on The Gulf of Cambay to Daman
Tankari Point. Vessels can anchor with the light structure bear-
ing 047°, distant about 3.8 miles, and the buildings at Gandhar 2.22 In the N part of the coast, between Suvali Point
bearing 086°. (21°05'N., 72°38'E.) and Daman, is an alluvial belt through
The flood current in Tankari Road continues to run for about
2.20
which the Tapi River (Tapti River) forms a deep and fertile del-
1 hour after the time of HW. The greatest velocity of the tidal ta. Along the S part of this coast are small hillocks of drifted
currents in the roadstead is 6 knots at spring tides. sand; the coast in some parts is watered by springs and covered
with a thick growth of creepers and date palms. Through the
Head of the Gulf of Cambay river mouths and inlets the tide runs up behind the sandhills
and floods a large area of salt marshes. The rise of the tide ren-
2.21 The coast of the W side of the head of the gulf from ders these rivers and inlets accessible at HW, but local knowl-
Johnston Point (21°49'N., 72°13'E.) to the entrance of the edge is necessary.
Bhadar River, about 26 miles NNE, is composed chiefly of The Tapi River lies between Suvali Point, previously de-
2.22

mangrove jungle, extending several miles inland. The sand scribed in paragraph 2.17, and the N entrance point of the
bank fronting this coast dries and extends from 1 mile to 4 Mindhola River, about 3.5 miles E. The river and its entrance
miles offshore. are encumbered with numerous sand banks, several of which
Mal Bank, the S end of which lies about 7.5 miles E of John-
2.21
are dry. The river is tidal for 15 miles, and small craft can as-
ston Point, is a large sand bank lying in the middle of the head cend the river to Surat, about 14 miles above the entrance. A
of the gulf, and extends about 4 miles N. vessel of 1.8m draft can only navigate in the river at more than
There are channels on the either side of Mal Bank, each
2.21
half-tide.
about 1 mile wide in the fairway, but local knowledge is neces- Directions for entering the river cannot be given, as the sands
2.22

sary. Malcolm Channel is the W channel. and channels are continually changing; the navigable channel
Khambhat Channel leads NE into the estuary of the Mahi
2.21
can only be pointed out by local pilots. The bar dries, but there
River from the N end of Mal Bank. Khambhat (22°18'N., is a spring rise of about 6.1m, and off the city of Surat there is a
72°37'E.), the chief town in the area, lies on the N side of the pool with depths of from 3.7 to 5.5m.
estuary of the Mahi River. Magdala is a lighterage port 5 miles within the Tapi River on
2.22

Storm signals are shown at Khambhat; the Brief System is

2.21
the S bank, with a 107m long wharf.
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found Storm signals are shown at Magdala; the Brief System is
2.22

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- used. Further information on these storm signals may be found
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
Bore Rocks, with depths of less than 1.8m, lie about 6.5 miles
2.21 tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
SE of the entrance to the Bhadar River, on the NW side of Surat lies in a bend on the E bank of the river and extends
2.22

Khambhat Channel. They lie on the N entrance of a channel that about 1.5 miles along the river front. A splendid girder bridge
leads between the banks at the entrance of the Sabarmati River. spans the river at the city.
The shores of the Sabarmati River are rather elevated and
2.21 Surat Roads is the name given to the anchorage off the en-
2.22

well-cultivated. Sikotar Mata (22°19'N., 72°24'E.) is a pago- trance of the Tapi River, about 2 miles SW of Suvali Point.
da, 5.8m high, with a flagstaff, on the E entrance point of the Tides—Currents.—The flood current sets N and continues
2.22

Sabarmati River. to run for 1 hour after the time of HW. At the outer anchorage,
In the upper part of the Gulf of Cambay, the tidal current sets
2.21 during springs, the tidal currents are very strong, especially the
NE with the flood into the Mahi River, and SW with the ebb, ebb, which sets S at a velocity of 4 to 5 knots; nearer the bar

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 55

the tidal currents are weaker. The tide frequently falls more Daman to Bassein Creek
than 1.8m before the tidal current turns S.
Directions.—Vessels bound for Surat Roads from the S
2.22 2.24 The coast between Daman and Vadhavan Point, about
should, from abreast Daman, set course for the roads, keeping 30 miles SSW, is bordered by extensive reefs and foul ground
in depths of 9.1 to 18.3m. extending up to 4 miles offshore. Vessels should not approach
Between the Mindhola River and the Purna River, about 9
2.22 this coast in depths of less than 18.3m when navigating in the
miles SSE, there is a low sandy plain with some scattered pal- vicinity.
myra trees. A black beacon, 14m high with white bands, lies on Between Daman and Umargam, about 13 miles SSW, the
2.24

the N entrance point of the Purna River. coast is low, fringed with bushes, and backed by several con-
Wasi Borsi Light is shown from a white, square, concrete
2.22 spicuous hills. Indraged Hill and Jogmari Hill were previously
tower with red bands 0.6 mile NNW of the entrance point of described with Daman in paragraph 2.23. Phar, 148m high, is
the Purna River. conspicuous about 7 miles S of Daman. Patia Hill, 98m high,
A tomb, with a white dome about 3.5 miles farther SE, is
2.22 lies about 3.3 miles SW of Dhodi Phar.
conspicuous among the dark green trees, especially when seen A light is periodically shown from a white framework tower,
2.24

from the SW. 11m high, at Maroli, about 6 miles N of Umargam.

The entrance to the Ambika River lies about 10.5 miles SSE
2.22 Umargam (Umbargaon) (20°12'N., 72°45'E.), a small town
2.24

of the Purna River. Kanai Creek lies just N of the entrance to with a ruined tower, lies on the S side of the entrance of the
the Ambika River. Kanai Creek Light is shown from a white, Varoli River.
round, concrete tower with concrete tower with black bands 0.6 Umargam Light, with a racon, is shown from a white con-
2.24

mile NW of the N entrance point of the creek. crete tower with red bands, close SSW of the ruined tower.
Caution.—A dangerous wreck, with masts showing, is re-
2.22 Storm signals are shown at Maroli and Umargam; the Brief
2.24

ported (2006) to lie about 15 miles WNW of the entrance to the System is used. Further information on these storm signals
Ambika River. may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
The Auranga River (20°38'N., 75°53'E.) flows into the sea
2.22 South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
through Bulsar Khari, a creek. A light is shown on the S en- nals.”
trance point of Bulsar Khari. Hills, about 31m high, are about A partially-wooded range, the summits of which are con-
2.24

5.5 miles NE of the light structure and about 5 miles inland. spicuous from seaward, lies from 7 to 12 miles inland, between
Shoals, with depths of less than 1.8m, lie about 3.5 miles W, Umargam and Mahim, about 34 miles S. High Land of St.
and 4.3 miles SW, respectively, of Bulsar Khari. A 5.8m patch John, a rounded mountain 540m high, is about 9 miles SSE of
lies about 9 miles WSW of Bulsar Khari. Umargam. Mahalakshmi, 458m in height, about 9.5 miles SE
Anchorage can be taken by large vessels, in 7.3 to 9.1m,
2.22 of the High Land of St. John has a pointed summit and slopes
about 8.5 miles W of the entrance to Bulsar Khari. gradually N and S from its center. Kaldurg Fort, about 6 miles
The Par River flows into the sea through Umarsadi Creek,
2.22 NE of Mahim, is 468m high and resembles a castle when seen
about 6 miles S of Bulsar Khari. Parnera Hill, 184m high with from NW.
a fort on it, lies about 3.5 miles ENE of the creek entrance. Two The coast between Umargam and Gulur Point, about 8 miles
2.24

wrecks lies close SW of Umarsadi Creek. S, is low and sandy. The latter point is low and covered with
coconut trees. A detached 9.4m rocky patch lies 6.5 miles off-
2.23 Daman (Damoa) (20°25'N., 72°50'E.) lies on both shore, 6 miles NW of Gulur Point.
sides of the Damanganga River; it can be identified by the forts Dahanu (19°59'N., 72°43'E.) is a village on the N side of the
2.24

on either side of the river entrance and by two square steeples entrance of Khondha Creek. Maharashtra Maritime Board is
and its white buildings. Other landmarks are a 109m hill, with considering this very small port for future development. An-
a Mohammedan place of prayer, on its summit, about 2.8 miles chorage is available in depths of 3.6m. The Dahanu Thermal
NE of the river entrance; Indraged Hill, 108m high, with a fort Power Station (DTPS) consists of an 83m-long coal quay.
in ruins on its summit, about 3.3 miles SSE of the river en- Vadhavan Point, about 4 miles farther SW, is low and cov-
2.24

trance; and Jogmari Hill, 231m high, about 2 miles farther ered with mangrove bushes. Foul ground extends nearly 2
SSE. miles W and about 2.8 miles SSW of the point.
Daman Light is shown from a white masonry tower on the
2.23

bastion of the fort on the S side of the entrance. 2.25 Tarapur Point (19°50'N., 72°39'E.) is bordered by
The bar at the mouth of the Damanganga River is flat, mostly
2.23 foul ground extending about 0.8 mile W; a narrow reef extends
hard sand, except N of the N point of the river entrance, where about 2.8 miles NNW from the N extremity of the point. A
the rocky ground projects some distance offshore; the bar has light is shown from a white square masonry tower, 23m high
0.3m or less over it. with black bands, on the N extremity of the point.
Vessels not exceeding 500 gt sometimes enter the river at
2.23 Tarapur Harbor, formed by the barrier reefs extending SSW
2.25

HW in fine weather and moor abreast the forts, where there from Vadhavan Point and NNW from Tarapur Point, is only ac-
were depths of 4.1 to 5.2m, soft mud. Local knowledge is nec- cessible to small coastal vessels.
essary. The coast between Tarapur Point and Satpati, about 7.5 miles
2.25

Anchorage can be taken, in 9m, about 4.5 miles W of the riv-

2.23 S, is low, rocky, and densely wooded. Vessels should not pro-
er entrance. ceed into depths of less than 14.6m off this part of the coast.

Pub. 173
56 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

A light is shown at Satpati and at Nawapur, about 3.5 miles

2.25 the channel. The sea breaks heavily across the entrance during
N. Storm signals are shown at Nawapur; the Brief System is the Southwest Monsoon.
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found Tides—Currents.—Currents in Bassein Creek attain a ve-
2.27

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- locity of 3 knots at springs, but about 5 miles above the en-
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” trance they decreases to 1.5 and 2 knots. In the creek the tidal
The village of Mahim (19°39'N., 72°43'E.) lies on the coast,
2.25 currents continue to set about 1 hour after the times of HW and
about 5 miles SSE of Satpati. Kelve, about 2 miles farther S, LW. Slack water lasts for about 15 to 25 minutes.
lies on the N side of the entrance of Danda Creek. A small de- Vasai lies about 0.5 mile inland on the N side of the creek. A
2.27

tached rock, with a fort on it, lies just off the entrance of the fort, with the citadel near the middle, lies S of Bassein near the
creek. A light is shown at Kelve. landing place.
A detached 5.5m patch lies about 4 miles WSW of Mahim.
2.25 Storm signals are shown at Vasai; the Brief System is used.
2.27

Drying reefs extend about 2 miles off this part of the coast. Further information on these storm signals may be found in
Ussapur Rock, 16m high, lies on the coastal reef about 4
2.25 Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic
miles S of Kelve, and about 0.5 mile offshore. Drying rocks ex- Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
tend about 1 mile W of the rock. The village of Dongri lies on the S side of the creek, about 1
2.27

mile SSE of Dongri Point.

2.26 Arnala Island (19°28'N., 72°44'E.), 4m high with a
fort on it, lies about 0.5 mile offshore, and is fringed by rocks 2.28 Panju Island (19°20'N., 72°51'E.) is connected to the
on all sides. Shoal water, with depths of less than 5m, extends mainland N and S by an iron railroad bridge; the island is low
about 1 mile W of the island. Arnala Island has been reported and swampy.
to give good radar returns at 27 miles. Salsette Island lies between Bassein Creek and Mumbai
2.28

Arnala Light is shown from a white framework tower on the

2.26 (Bombay). The mountain range on the island has several con-
coast, abreast the S end of Arnala Island. spicuous peaks; the central and highest, Kanheri (19°13'N.,
Agashi Bay, entered N of Arnala Island, is very shallow, en-
2.26 72°55'E.), 462m high, lies about 9.5 miles SE of Dongri Point.
cumbered by shoals, and can only be navigated by a small ves- From the W, Kanheri appears to have a flat summit. Shendur,
sel at about the time of HW. about 3 miles NNE of Kanheri and the N peak of the island, is
The coast between the low point abreast Arnala Island and
2.26 a sharp detached peak, 459m high.
the N entrance of Bassein Creek, about 8 miles SSE, is very An aviation light is shown from a 27m tower near the S end
2.28

low; shoal water, with depths of less than 5m, extends about 2 of Salsette Island.
miles offshore. The W side of Salsette Island is fronted by islands and islets,
2.28

which are separated from it by creeks and drying flats. Foul

Bassein Creek to Mumbai (Bombay) ground extends about 1.5 miles W from these islands and is-
lets.
2.27 Dongri Point (19°18'N., 72°48'E.), the S entrance Dharavi Island, the N and largest of the islands facing Sal-
2.28

point of Bassein Creek, is a bluff point as seen from seaward. It sette Island, extends from Dongri Point to Manori Point, about
rises to an elevation of 94m about 0.5 mile S of the point, and 7 miles S. The latter point is a bluff of dark bare rock, 30m
then slopes gradually to level country about 2 miles farther S. high.
A light is shown from about mid-September to mid-June.
2.27 Utan Light is shown from a black and white square tower,
2.28

Poshpir, a rocky islet 13m high, lies about 3 miles NW of

2.27 15m high, on a salient point about 2 miles SSE of Dongri
Dongri Point. Point.
Drying rocks extend about 2 miles WNW of the same point.
2.27 Storm signals are shown at Utan; the Brief System is used.
2.28

When there is no wind the sea does not break on the drying Further information on these storm signals may be found in
rocks and the sand banks in the entrance to Bassein Creek, and Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic
there are no indications of their existence. Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Depths of less than 5m extend about 3.5 miles W of the en-
2.27 Gorai Rock, a conspicuous sharp black pinnacle, 30m high,
2.28

trance to Bassein Creek. about 3.3 miles NNE of Manori Point, and about 1.5 miles in-
North of Bassein Creek there are several landmarks conspicu-
2.27 land, forms a good landmark. A temple, with a white dome,
ous from seaward. Girij Hill, a small round hill 53m high, lies lies on the N summit of a round hill, 35m high, about 2.8 miles
about 4.5 miles N of Dongri Point, and about 2 miles inland. Ka- E of Gorai Rock; the dome is conspicuous from seaward.
mandurg, about 9 miles E of Girij Hill, is conical and 652m high. High Rock, a sharp pinnacle, 9m high, about 2 miles SW of
2.28

This mountain, with the high land of Salsette Island to S, cannot Dongri Point, lies on a drying reef. Outer Islet, 4m and com-
be mistaken by a vessel N of Mumbai (Bombay). posed of sand, lies at the S end of this drying reef, about 1 mile
The conspicuous plateau of Tungar, about 2 miles long in a
2.27 S of High Rock.
N-S direction, and attaining an elevation of 662m, is located Green Islet, from 0.9 to 1.2m high, covered with short green
2.28

about 4 miles NNW of Kamandurg. scrub and surrounded by a ledge of rocks, lies about 3 miles
Bassein Creek, entered between Dongri Point and a point
2.27 NNW of Manori Point and about 0.8 mile offshore. Marva Is-
about 1 mile NNE, is a tortuous stream which can be navigated land, low and covered with palm trees, lies close E of Manori
only by small vessels with local knowledge and a draft of not Point. Reefs extend about 0.5 mile W of Madh Island.
more than 3.7m. The entrance of the creek is always difficult
except at slack water, as both flood and ebb current set across 2.29 Ambu Islet (19°08'N., 72°47'E.), at the SW edge of

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 57

the reefs, is low, covered with palms, and has an old watchtow- ing or departing the Naval Dockyard, Indira Dock, Butcher Is-
er on it. Mehti Khada, a small rock, 4.3m high and steep-to on land Oil Jetty and Jawahar Lal Nehru (Nhava-Sheva) Port
its W side, lies about 0.5 mile W of Ambu Islet. where they are likely to cross the main approach channel.
Madh Island, about 36m high and well-cultivated with coco-
2.29

nut and fruit trees, lies close S of Marva Island. There are some Winds—Weather
ruins on its summit; a fort in ruins stands on its SE point.
Harvey Patches (Hervey Patches), with a depth of 1.8m,
2.29 Visibility may be reduced by heavy rain during the South-
2.30

about 1 mile S of Madh Island, are marked N by a buoy from west Monsoon. A smoky haze frequently hangs over the area
October to May. The sea always breaks over Harvey Patches. A from November to March, mostly during the early morning and
dangerous wreck lies about 4.5 miles W of Harvey Patches and occasionally in the evening.
is marked close W by a lighted buoy.
Juhu Island, with its S extremity about 4 miles SE of Ambu
2.29
Tides—Currents
Islet, has a sandy coast and is covered with coconut and date The tidal rise for Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) is 4.4m
2.30

palms. Andheri Hill, 61m high, isolated and bare, lies about 1 at MHWS and 3.3m at MHWN.
mile E of the N end of Juhu Island. The velocity and direction of the tidal currents in the ap-
2.30

Uarashi, a reef, lies about 1 mile W of the S end of Juhu Is-

2.29
proaches to Mumbai (Bombay) are generally as described below,
land. A light is shown from October to May on the S end of but they are greatly influenced by winds and heavy rains.
Uarashi. Some rocks, one of which is awash, lie about 0.8 mile The tide does not set fairly through the channel, but the flood
2.30

NW of the S end of the reef. sweeps E over the foul ground of Thal Shoal (18°48'N.,
Shoals, with a least depth of 4.6m and 4m, lie about 1.5
2.29

72°50'E.). During rains in the Southwest Monsoon the ebb sets

miles W and NW, respectively, of Bandra Point, the S extremi- strongly W out of Dharamtar Creek.
ty of Salsette Island. The velocity of strong spring tides between Thal Shoal and
2.30

The coast between Worli Point, the NW extremity of Bom-

2.29

Prongs Reef (18°53'N., 72°48'E.) is from 2.5 to 3 knots and

bay Island, and Malabar Point, about 5.3 miles SSW, is fringed perhaps as much as 4 knots during the rains.
by drying reefs and shoal water, with depths of less than 5.5m Between Thal Shoal and a position about 4 miles WNW, the
2.30

extending up to 1 mile offshore in the N part and about 0.5 mile flood current sets between ESE and ENE, resulting in a more N
off the S part. direction as the velocity increases. In East Channel Swatch, E
A conspicuous TV tower lies at an elevation of 305m, 1.5
2.29
of Thal Shoal, it sets about NNE, taking a more E direction as
miles SSE of Worli Point. it crosses the mouth of Dharamtar Creek.
Off the SW extremity of Prongs Reef, the flood current at
2.30

Mumbai (Bombay) (18°58'N., 72°52'E.) first sets ESE and, as the velocity increases, shifts to the NE.
East of Prongs Reef, as far as Sunk Rock, it sets between NNE
World Port Index No. 48840 and NE.
On the S side of the harbor entrance the ebb current starts
2.30

2.30 The city of Mumbai (Bombay), on Mumbai Island setting WSW across the mouth of Dharamtar Creek, changing
(Bombay Island), is the largest city of India and the principal to SSW upon the vessel’s approach to Thal Shoal, then more S
seaport on its W coast. Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) lies as a vessel continues S.
between Mumbai Island (Bombay Island) and Trombay Island From Thal Shoal extending WNW across the dredged ap-
2.30

to W and N, and Karanja Island and the mainland to E and S. It proach channel to a position about 4 miles away, the current
is the only natural deep-water port on the W coast of India. The sets about SW.
harbor contains several islands, rocks, and shoals, with numer- On the N side of the harbor entrance, the current ebbs SW
2.30

ous bays and inlets indenting its shores. going from Sunk Rock until passing abeam Prongs Light,
The direction and management of the port, including pilot-
2.30
where it changes to W, then becoming SSW as the tide
age, berthing, docking, and wharves, are administered by the strengthens.
Mumbai Port Trust. The daily operations of the port are carried The velocity and direction of the tidal currents within Mumbai
2.30

out by the Chairman and Deputy Chairman. Harbor (Bombay Harbor) are generally as described below, but
The facilities of the port are mainly on the E side of Mumbai
2.30

can also be greatly influenced by winds and heavy rains.

Island (Bombay Island). There are also tanker terminals at Pir Tidal currents within Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor)
2.30

Pau (Trombay Island) and at Butcher Island. have velocities that range between 0.75 knot and 3 knots.
On the E side of the harbor, the flood current sets NE abeam
2.30

Port Authority of Mumbai (Bombay) Karanja Island, turning more ENE upon passing Karanja Bea-
con. The current sets N between Butcher Island and Elephanta
[Link]
Island, then NE approaching Trombay Island.
On the W side of the harbor, from Sunk Rock to Cross Is-
2.30

Jawahar Lal Nehru Port land, the flood current sets NNE, with a velocity of about 2
knots. The flood current splits N of Tucker Beacon (18°58'N.,
[Link] 72°51'E.), setting N until abeam Mazagaon Pier, then turning
NE and ENE, joining the current from the E side of the harbor
2.30 Precautionary areas have been established for vessels enter- N of Butcher Island.

Pub. 173
58 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

On the E side of the harbor, the ebb current sets SW in the

2.30 close E to the head of South Breakwater before turning SW
channel between Butcher Island and Elephanta Island, continu- alongside the breakwater. The effects of this eddy have been
ing out of the harbor past Karanja Island, then turning WSW observed up to 100m E of the SE extension of Ballard Pier.
upon passing abeam the entrance Dharamtar Creek. Both the flood and eddy currents run strongly past the head of
On the W side of the harbor, from Cross Island to inside
2.30 the South Breakwater, causing ships to sheer violently in this
Middle Ground Islet, the ebb current sets SSW, and then to area.
Sunk Rock in a SW direction. From Cross Island to E of Mid-
dle Ground Islet, in mid-channel, the ebb current sets from SW Depths—Limitations
to SSW; from there to Sunk Rock it sets SW, but at the first of
the ebb the set is more W. Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) is approached through a
2.30

The ebb current on the W side of the harbor occurs 30 to 35

2.30 series of dredged channels commencing about 4 miles SW of
minutes earlier than on the E side, and during strong spring Prongs Reef Light. The initial depth is dredged to 11.1m for
tides it can begin 40 minutes to 1 hour sooner. about 2 miles, then to 11m for about another 2 miles, continuing
From Trombay Island until passing abeam Mazagaon Pier
2.30 into the harbor entrance to a point about 1.3 miles ENE of Mid-
the current ebbs SW. dle Ground Island, then to 13.7m until the main channel, marked
Inshore and near the Indira Dock wall, during the Southwest
2.30 by range lights in line bearing 085°. The main channel continues
Monsoon, the ebb current occurs about 45 minutes before the S then SE of Elephanta Island, then passing NE of Jawahar Lal
time of HW at Mumbai. This is important for vessels docking. Nehru Port, and has a maintained depth of 12.9m. At the point
The ebb current sets SSW from abeam Cross Island until
2.30 where the main channel starts is another dredged channel, with
passing between Middle Ground Island and South Breakwater, range lights in line bearing 202.7°, continuing NNE between
whereas the ebb sets more S to SSW across the dredged chan- Butcher Island and Elephanta Island, to about 18°58'N, then with
nel and waters E of Middle Ground Island. a depth of 8.7m into Trombay Channel.
Mariners should navigate with caution through these main-
2.30

From Middle Ground Island to Sunk Rock, the ebb current

2.30 tained channels since they are subject to silting, especially
sets between S and SSW, but at the start of the ebb the set is during times of strong monsoon winds. For latest information
more W flowing. concerning maintained depths of these channels, mariners
The flood current in the vicinity of the tidal basin and wet
2.30 should contact the Mumbai Port Authority.
docks runs parallel to the South Breakwater, then ENE past the The maximum drafts for alongside berths are subject to
2.30

entrance to the tidal basin, joining the main flood current set- change due to siltation and dredging. The Port Authority at
ting N passing E of Middle Ground Island. Mumbai should be contacted to determine the maximum al-
An eddy current flows S along the E side of Ballard Pier,
2.30 lowable draft at any specific time, as well as any possible re-
then turns W into the tidal basin. This eddy current also flows strictions on berthing or departures during night hours.

Mumbai (Bombay)—Berth Information

Berth Depth Maximum Vessel
Length Remarks
Name Alongside Draft LOA
Indira Inner Dock
No. 1 180m 9.1m 8.8-9.1m 168m Containers.
No. 2 158m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 3 158m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
Containers. Continuous berthing length of 790m.
No. 4 158m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 5 158m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 6 158m — 8.8-9.1m 175m General cargo. Continuous berthing length of 790m.
No. 7 152m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
General cargo. Continuous berthing length of 456m.
No. 8 152m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
J/E 130m — 8.8-9.1m 160m Heavy lift.
No. 10 152m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 11 152m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 12 152m — 8.8-9.1m 175m General cargo. Continuous berthing length of 816m.
No. 12A 180m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 12B 180m — 8.8-9.1m 175m

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 59

Mumbai (Bombay)—Berth Information

Berth Depth Maximum Vessel
Length Remarks
Name Alongside Draft LOA
No. 13 158m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 13A 180m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 13B 180m — 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 14 158m — 8.8-9.1m 175m General cargo. Continuous berthing length of 1,150m.
No. 15 158m 9.1m 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 16 158m 9.1m 8.8-9.1m 175m
No. 17 158m 9.1m 8.8-9.1m 175m
Indira Outer Dock
No. 18 183m 7.5m — 186m
No. 19 168m 7.5m — 160m
General cargo. Continuous berthing length of 687m.
No. 20 168m 7.5m — 160m
No. 21 168m 7.5m — 160m
No. 22/23 431m 6.4m — 160m Coasters.
Jawahar Dweep Marine Oil Terminal
JD-1 39m — 11.2m 237m
Clean products, and dirty products. Berthing length of
JD-2 37m — 11.2m 237m
244m. (including dolphins).
JD-3 37m — 11.2m 237m
JD-4 45m 14.0m 12.2m 300m Crude oil.
Under construction (2020). Length including dolphins is
JD-5 — — — —
460m.
Pir Pau
Old 173m — 6.4m 170m Clean products and chemicals.
Chemicals and LPG. Berthing length of 260m (including
New 1 56m — 12.0m 197m
dolphins).
Chemicals and LPG. Berthing length of 260m (including
New 2 70m 13.0m — —
dolphins).
Cruise Terminal
Ballard Pier
244m — 9.7m 221m Passengers and containers.
Extension
Ballard Pier
244m 10.0m 9.5m 182m General cargo, dry bulk, and breakbulk.
Station
Ferry Terminal
Ferry Jetty 148m — 3.2m — Ferries, passengers, and general cargo.
Offshore Container Terminal (OCT)
No. 1 350m — — — Ro-ro cargo, vehicles, and containers. Continuous
No. 2 350m — — — berthing length of 700m.

Pub. 173
60 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Jawahar Lal Nehru—Berth Information

Depth Maximum vessel
Berth Name Length Remarks
Alongside Draft LOA
Bharat Mumbai Container Terminal (BMCT)
Phase 1 1,000 — 16.5m 370m Containers.
Gateway Terminals (India) Pvt. Ltd.
GT1 375m 16.5m 14.0m 370m Containers, bunkers, and reefer. Continuous
GT2 375m 16.5m 14.0m 340m berthing length of 712m.
Jawaharlal Nehru (JNPT) Container Terminal
CB1 226m 16.5m 14.0m 370m
Containers, bunkers, and reefer. Continuous
CB2 226m 16.5m 14.0m 370m
berthing length of 680m.
CB3 226m 16.5m 14.0m 370m
Clean products, cement, fertilizer, containers,
SB01-02 445m 11.0m 10.0m 183m
bunkers, and breakbulk. Three berths.
Nhava-Sheva International Container Terminal
CB4 150m 16.5m 14.0m 370m
Containers, bunkers, and reefer. Continuous
CB5 450m 16.5m 14.0m 370m
berthing length of 930m.
CB6 330m 16.5m 13.5m 370m
ONGC Service Berths
Service Berth 450m 7.4m — — Bunkers and offshore support vessels.
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd (BPCL)
Clean products, crude, dirty products, bun-
LB01 (Outer) 300m 16.5m 14.0m 330m
kers, and LPG. BPCL consigned vessels only.
Clean products, crude, bunkers, and LPG. BP-
LB02 (Inner) 270m 12.0m 10.0m 185m
CL consigned vessels only.

Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled

2.30 Vessels are advised not to approach within 2.5 miles of pro-
2.30

Mumbai (Bombay)—Berth Information. duction platforms, and are prohibited from passing within
Jawahar Lal Nehru Port (Nhava-Sheva) (18°57'N.,
2.30 500m of any installation or structure.
72°57'E.) (World Port Index No. 48845) is a separate port in Submarine oil and gas pipelines have been established from
2.30

the E part of Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) on the main- some producing fields to the entrance of Mumbai Harbor
land SE of Elephanta Island. The facility is administered by a (Bombay Harbor). Vessels should exercise caution when navi-
separate port authority from Mumbai (Bombay). The port gating in this vicinity.
dredged its channel to 14m (2014) and provides container Well heads exist in position 19°20'N, 72°03'E and in position
2.30

berths, bulk cargo berths, and bulk liquid berths accommodat- 19°44'N, 72°01'E about 53 and 70 miles NW of the entrance to
ing vessels to 80,000 dwt, a ship repair yard, and a linkspan for Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor). For further information
ro-ro traffic. New dredged areas, with depths of 13.1 and consult Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South
16.2m, lead to a recently-completed container berth (2017) at Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean.
Jawahar Lal Nehru Port. Consult the local authorities for fur- Transshipment of petroleum products is carried out from
2.30

ther details. Detailed berth information can be found in the ac- large storage tankers moored in the vicinity of position
companying table titled Jawahar Lal Nehru—Berth 18°53'N, 72°26'E.
Information. Any vessel in difficulty within 50 miles of any production
2.30

Offshore Oil Development Areas.—An extensive area of

2.30 platform or rig and likely to drift towards platforms or rigs
producing oil fields and exploration areas lies off the Indian should contact Mumbai (Bombay) Radio and stand-by offshore
coast and the approaches to the port of Mumbai (Bombay). Nu- supply vessels on VHF channel 16 for assistance.
merous derricks, oil production platforms, wells, SPM, and The established development areas are, as follows:
2.30

other obstructions impede safe navigation of the area. 1. Mumbai High (formerly known as Bombay High)
Indian authorities have established recommended routes to
2.30 Oil Field Development Area.—This area is situated with its
aid traffic transiting the area, or bound for the port of Mumbai center about 90 miles WNW of the entrance to Mumbai Har-
(Bombay), which may be seen on the appropriate chart. bor (Bombay Harbor). The area extends 25 miles in an E-W

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 61

direction and 47 miles in a N-S direction and contains nu- Shendur were previously described with Salsette Island in
merous production platforms within. Three lighted tanker paragraph 2.28.
mooring buoys are situated close together in the N part of the Kankeshwar, a mountain 384m high, lies about 26 miles SW
2.30

area. Flares are lit from this vicinity. Another lighted tanker of Malangarh. It is separated by a valley from a thickly-wood-
mooring buoy is situated 10 miles SSE of the above buoys. ed range of hills which extends along the SE side of the en-
Oil and gas pipelines are laid ESE from the center of the oil- trance of Mumbai (Bombay) Harbor.
field to Mumbai (Bombay).
2. Mukta-Panna and Bassein Oil Field Development
Area.—This area is situated with its center 50 miles NW of
the entrance to Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor). The area
extends 21 miles in a E-W direction and 33 miles in a N-S
direction. Submarine oil and gas pipelines from Mumbai
(Bombay) High Oil Field are laid passing through the center
of Bassein Oil Field Area with a gas pipeline branching 115
miles NNE to Danti at the Mindhola River (21°04'N.,
72°43'E.).
3. Neelam Heera and Ratna Oil Field Development
Area.—This area is situated with its center about 40 miles
SW of the entrance to Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor)
The area extends 14 miles in an E-W direction and 40 miles
in a N-S direction.
A circular lightering area, best seen on the chart, is located
2.30

about 22 miles W of Malabar Point. All vessels are advised to

maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 6 and
to give the area a wide berth. It has been reported (2007) that
lighterage operations are not conducted in this location during
the Southwest Monsoon, but are transferred to Vadinar
(22°31'N., 69°42'E.); for further information see paragraph
1.22.
Direction Bank, with its N end about 39 miles WSW of the
2.30

SE entrance point of Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor), ex-

tends about 27 miles in a S direction, and has depths of 37 to
64m, coarse sand and small shells. East of this bank, the depths
decrease gradually from about 55m, off its E edge, towards the
coast.
Vessels approaching Mumbai (Bombay) from the N of Di-
2.30 Sunk Rock Light
rection Bank will run a considerable distance before the depths
will decrease from 73m to 55m, but the depths will then de- Thal Knob, 54m high with a conspicuous white beacon, 18m
2.30

crease rapidly to 37m, which depth is found about 15 miles W high on its summit, lies about 4.3 miles NW of Kankeshwar. A
of Khanderi Island (18°42'N., 72°49'E.) or the light structure new breakwater (2020) lies close N off Thal Knob. False Knob,
on Prongs Reef, about 10.5 miles farther N. about 0.5 mile SSW of Thal Knob, is similar in appearance, but
A vessel approaching this bank from the W will pass over Fifty
2.30 somewhat lower. In thick weather these hills, being detached
Fathoms Flat, then gradually shoal to depths of 73m, and then sud- from the more distant highland, stand out well among the coco-
denly to 55 and 42m over Direction Bank. After crossing the bank nut trees.
the depths will again increase to more than 55m over the greater Ashuera Hill, 243m high, about 3.5 miles ESE of Thal Knob,
2.30

part of the bank, and to about 50m at its S end. has two hummocks named The Paps. A black beacon, 24m
Approaching Mumbai (Bombay) from the SW, if the vessel is
2.30
high, lies on North Pap.
S of Direction Bank, the depths will decrease rapidly from 73m Sheva Beacon lies on a drying reef at the S end of the port.
2.30

to 55m, and continue between 55 and 37m for some distance un- Nhava Island (18°58'N., 72°57'E.) lies close E of N breakwa-
til the latter depth is obtained about 17 miles offshore. ter head.
Gull Island (Kansa Rock) (18°50'N., 72°54'E.), 6m high and
2.30

Aspect marked by a lighted beacon, 20m high, lies about 2.3 miles
NNE of Thal Knob.
In clear weather, the high peak of Malangarh (19°06'N.,
2.30
Karanja (Great Karanja), 302m high, is a long and flat-topped
2.30

73°11'E.), 789m high, is conspicuous in the offing. On the hill at the S end of Karanja Island, about 2.8 miles ENE of Gull Is-
summit of this peak is an enormous perpendicular cliff, topped let. The S side of this hill is steep and almost inaccessible, but the
by a fort in ruins. N side slopes gradually from its base to a peak on which there is a
On nearer approach Kanheri and Shendur, on Salsette Island
2.30
ruin. A conspicuous flare chimney lies at the SE end of the island;
on the N side of the harbor, and Kankeshwar and the Saga- a conspicuous tower lies on the SW slope of Kharavli, a 214m hill
ragarh Range, on the S of the harbor, can be seen. Kanheri and near the NW extremity of the island.

Pub. 173
62 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Kharavli, 212m high at the N end of Karanja Island, about

2.30 Khanderi Island Light, about 10.5 miles S of Prong Reef
2.30

2.8 miles NNW of Karanja, is formed by the junction of 4 ridg- Light, is shown at an elevation of 47m from an octagonal tow-
es and has a very sharp summit. er, surmounting a flat-roofed house, 31m high, on the summit
Fifty Fathoms Flat, lying between 60 and 120 miles W of
2.30 of Khanderi Island. It is connected by telephone with Mumbai
Mumbai (Bombay), is an extensive bank with depths of 47 to (Bombay). If a vessel is seen to be lying into danger, a warning
92m, fine sand, although a muddy bottom has occasionally rocket signal is fired, and the International Code signal “U,”
been found between this bank and Direction Bank. A lighted (You are standing into danger) is displayed.
platform and an FPSO are located on the bank in the vicinity of Khanderi Island has been reported to give good radar returns
2.30

position 18°35'N, 71°02'E. Another FPSO, best seen on the at 17 miles.

chart, lies W of the Bombay High Oilfield Development Area Foul ground and shoal water extend about 3 miles offshore
2.30

in approximate position 19°10.6'N, 70°56.7'E. between Khanderi Island and the SE entrance point of Mumbai
Mumbai (Bombay) Island consists of a low-lying plain,
2.30 (Bombay) Harbor. Thal Shoal, about 6 miles N of Khanderi Is-
flanked by two parallel ridges of low hills. The city consists land and 2.5 miles offshore, is composed of sand and rock,
generally of well-built houses and broad streets, with many with several detached heads, and a least depth of 4.3m. A black
fine public buildings. The most conspicuous of these is the Taj conical buoy is moored off the W side of Thal Shoal.
Mahal Hotel, surmounted by a dome 70m high, about 2 miles Thal Reefs, SE of Thal Shoal, consists of numerous reefs
2.30

NE of Colaba Point. Among the conspicuous buildings in the and rocks extending about 1.5 miles offshore. Detached shoals,
densely built tract known as The Fort, W of Indira Dock, are with depths of less than 5.5m, lie within 1 mile W of Thal
the cathedral and the municipal buildings, the tower of which is Reefs. A prohibited area, best shown on the chart, lies close N
71m high. Another tower, with a white dome 53m high, lies of Thal Shoal.
about 1 mile farther N. East Channel Swatch, with a least depth of 5.8m, lies be-
2.30

A clock tower, 85m high, about 0.5 mile NNW of the Taj
2.30 tween Thal Shoal and the detached shoals W of Thal Reef.
Mahal Hotel, is conspicuous among the prominent buildings on SW Prongs Lighted Buoy, moored about 1.5 miles SSW of
2.30

the esplanade on the E shore of Back Bay. Prongs Reef Light, marks the edge of the shoal water SW of
A conspicuous chimney, 54m high, and the spire of St.
2.30 Prongs Reef.
John’s Church, 55m high, lie on the Colaba Peninsula, about A lighted buoy moored about 1.5 miles SE of Prongs Reef
2.30

0.7 mile SSW, and 1.3 miles SW, respectively, of Taj Mahal Light marks the N side of the fairway into the harbor.
Hotel. The Naval signal station, with a flagstaff, is prominent Sunk Rock (18°53'N., 72°50'E.), awash and marked by a
2.30

near the root of the S breakwater. light, lies about 1.3 miles E of Colaba Point.
Khanderi Island (Khanhoji Angre Island) (18°42'N.,
2.30 Oyster Rock, about 0.8 mile ENE of Sunk Rock, is flat and
2.30

72°49'E.), S of the harbor entrance and about 2.5 miles off- 21m high; a tower, with an elevation of 28m, stands on it. Fish-
shore, has two hills, on the S and higher of which lies the light- ing stakes extend about 0.5 mile E of Oyster Rock; care is nec-
house with a flagstaff NE of it. The island, sparsely covered essary when navigating in this vicinity, as the stakes are often
with trees and scrub, is surrounded by the remains of a wall. A broken off just below-water.
rock, drying 3.8m, lies 0.2 mile NE of Khanderi Island. Range Dolphin Rock, nearly steep-to on its E side and marked by a
2.30

lights are shown on the E side of Khanderi Island, 1.3 miles NE light, lies about 1.5 miles N of Oyster Rock.
of the light; when in line bearing 168° they lead W of the dry- Middle Ground Islet, rocky and about 13m high, lies about
2.30

ing rock and to the landing place. 0.8 mile ENE of Oyster Rock; two towers, with an elevation of
An area of numerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lies SW
2.30 17m, lie on the islet. Shoal water extends about 110m SW and
of Prongs Reef. 0.2 mile NNE, respectively, from the islet.
Colaba Point (18°54'N., 72°49'E.) is the S extremity of the
2.30 Range lights, in line bearing 305°, on Ballard Pier, about 0.5
2.30

Colaba Peninsula, a narrow peninsula extending SW from mile farther N, lead through the middle of the approach chan-
Mumbai (Bombay) Island. The peninsula is covered with nel to the pier.
buildings which continue N in an unbroken line and connect The Naval Dockyard lies about 0.5 mile NW of Middle
2.30

with the more thickly-settled part of the city. A spoil ground Ground Island. South Breakwater, marked at its head and root
lies 4 miles WSW of Colaba Point. by towers having an elevation of 58m, forms an enclosed area
Prongs Reef, which dries, extends about 1 mile SSW from
2.30 E of the Naval Dockyard. The Naval Signal Station, with a
Colaba Point. Prongs Reef Light (18°53'N., 72°48'E.), a flagstaff, is conspicuous near the root of South Breakwater.
prominent visual navigation aid, is shown from a round tower, Cross Island, 20m high, lies about 1.8 miles farther N, and
2.30

52.5m high, painted in red, white and black horizontal bands about 0.3 mile off Victoria Dock.
near the S end of Prongs Reef. Foul ground extends about 1 The N side of the harbor is occupied by an extensive coastal
2.30

mile SW, SE, and E of the light structure. The light structure is bank, with depths of less than 5.5m.
reported to be a good radar target at 17 miles. A dangerous Tucker Beacon, about 1.8 miles ENE of Middle Ground Is-
2.30

wreck, with masts above water, is situated 5.5 miles SW of let, marks the S edge of the bank. The beacon is a cylindrical
Prongs Reef Light, with another dangerous wreck 0.4 mile structure, painted in red, white, and black horizontal bands, and
NNE from it. The area is considered foul and dangerous to shows a light.
navigation. Gull Islet (Kansa Rock) lies off the entrance to Dharamtar
2.30

Malabar Point, about 3 miles NNW of Colaba Point, and

2.30 Creek, on a bank filling the SE part of Mumbai (Bombay) Har-
Malabar Hill, about 1 mile farther NE, have been reported to bor. Gull Islet Light is shown from a framework tower on the
give good radar returns at 22 and 39 miles, respectively. summit of the islet.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 63

Trombay Island, N of the harbor, attains an elevation of

2.30

305m at Trombay Peak (19°02'N., 72°55'E.). There are sever-

al oil refinery chimneys on the S side of the island; the flares
from these chimneys are conspicuous and visible from sea-
ward.
Pir Pau Tomb, a conspicuous mosque with a white dome,
2.30

24m high, stands on the S extremity of Trombay Island. A

white dome, 43m high, and a chimney, 125m high, are conspic-
uous about 0.5 mile farther NNE.
Radio masts, each marked by red lights, stand on the SW end
2.30

of Trombay Island.

Pilotage
Pilotage is compulsory in Mumbai (Bombay) for all vessels
2.30

over 100 nrt and is available 24 hours. The pilot boards in posi-
tion 18°51.5'N, 72°49.5'E. Once in the pilot controlled harbor,
vessels may not depart or shift berths without a pilot on board.
Pilotage is compulsory in Jawahar Lal Nehru for all vessels
2.30

over 100 nrt and is available 24 hours. The pilot boards in posi-
tion 18°50.5'N, 72°47.0'E.

During the monsoon and rough weather conditions, vessels

2.30

may be directed by the pilot, in coordination with the VTS, to a

safe boarding/disembarkation position, usually in the vicinity
of position 18°53'N, 72°51'E.
Pilots for berths in Mumbai (Bombay) can be contacted (call
2.30

sign: Mumbai Pilots) on VHF channel 12. Pilot for berths in

Jawahar Lal Nehru Port can be contacted (call sign: JNPT Pi-
lots) on VHF channel 12 or 13.
Courtesy of Mumbai Port Trust Vessels are not permitted to proceed E of 72°44'E without
2.30

Tucker Beacon being instructed to do so.

Vessels boarding a pilot should maintain a continuous listen-
2.30

Karanja Reefs, farther N, extend about 2 miles off the W side

2.30 ing watch on VHF channel 13 for Jawahar Lal Port Control and
of Karanja Island. Karanja Beacon, a black steel structure, on VHF channel 12 for Mumbai (Bombay) Port Control.
8.5m high, surmounted by a cone, lies near the NW edge of the
reefs, about 5 miles N of Gull Islet. Regulations
Two spoil grounds, the N marked approximately 0.5 mile
2.30

NNW by a lighted buoy, are situated on the SW side of Karanja A TSS has been established in the approaches to Mumbai.
2.30

Reefs. This TSS is mandatory for all Indian and foreign flagged ves-
Butcher Island (18°58'N., 72°54'E.), 20m high, with an oil
2.30 sels entering and leaving Mumbai harbor and Jawahar Lal Neh-
terminal on its SE side, lies about 5 miles NE of Middle ru Port Trust (JNPT)/Nhava-Sheva harbor irrespective of size.
Ground Islet. A conspicuous water tower, with an elevation of Vessels for Mumbai (Bombay) and Jawahar Lal Nehru
2.30

31m, stands near the center of the island. should send their ETA 96 hours in advance, with a confirma-
Butcher Rock, steep-to on its S and E sides, lies about 0.6
2.30 tion sent 48 hours in advance, to their agents. The 96-hour
mile S of Butcher Island and is marked by Butcher Beacon, a message should contain the following information:
red stone beacon, 8m high, from which a light is shown. A 1. Master’s name.
breakwater, extending NNW from Butcher Rock, is 3m above 2. Vessel’s ETA.
chart datum and uncovers at half tide. 3. Present loaded displacement, draft, gross tonnage, and
Elephanta Island, 174m high, about 1 mile E of Butcher Is-
2.30 nrt.
land, is wooded with two hills separated by a ravine. 4. Ports visited in last 30 days.
Elephanta Patch Beacon, from which a light is shown, lies
2.30 5. Distance of manifold from amidships.
about 0.5 mile NW of Elephanta Island. 6. Cargo quantities on board.
The channel leading ENE and NNE between Butcher Island
2.30 7. Supplies and cash requirements.
and Elephanta Island is marked by ranges. Range lights, shown Vessels should also send their ETA 24 hours in advance to
2.30

on the SW side of Elephanta Island, in line bearing 055°, lead the harbormaster.
between the shoals on either side of the channel. This range in- Merchant vessels will keep AIS equipment operational upon
2.30

tersects with a lighted range leading NNE, which is in line entry to or departure from the port.
bearing 203°, astern. The rear light of the latter range is shown Mumbai Port Trust issues special regulations in force during
2.30

from a lighted beacon on Uran Shoal (18°56'N., 72°54'E.). the monsoon season, normally from June 1 to September 15, as

Pub. 173
64 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

2.30 TSS in the Approaches to Mumbai

follows: Vessel Traffic Service

1. Cold movements (barges and vessels not under pow-
er) requiring pilot and tug services are prohibited. Vessel Traffic Service.—A Vessel Traffic Service controls
2.30

2. Vessels using Berth No. 19, Berth No. 20, and Berth traffic to Mumbai (Bombay) and the Jawahar Lal Nehru Port.
No. 21 will be berthed starboard side-to and have a maxi- The Mumbai Port Trust (MbPT) VTS Area is defined as an ar-
mum draft of 8.5m at high water. ea contained inshore of an arc, with a radius of 12 miles, cen-
3. Vessels using Berth No. 18 may be berthed port side- tered on Colaba Point contained within the adjacent Jawahar
to depending on weather and tidal conditions. Lal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) VTS Area which is defined as the
4. Maximum permissible drafts at all berths will de- area contained within the limits of the Jawahar Lal Nehru Port
crease once monsoon rains commence and will continue to Trust.
be restricted as required. The VTS controls traffic to both Mumbai and Jawahar Lal
2.30

5. Vessels will not be allowed to immobilize their en- Nehru ports. The VTS area is not subdivided into separate op-
gines. erational sectors, however, JNPT operates a Port Information
6. The maximum docking permissible docking draft at Service for vessels within its dock and harbor area.
Indira Dock inside berths will be 9.1m, with a maximum The following vessels are designated as “participating ves-
2.30

permissible sailing draft of 8.8m, subject to tidal conditions. sels:”

7. From June 1 until September 30, the Indira Dock 1. All vessels of 100 gross tons and over.
Storm Gate will be closed from 3 hours before high water 2. All vessels with an loa of 30m and greater.
until 1 hour after high water. Vessels are required to contact Mumbai VTS on VHF chan-
2.30

8. Vessels are advised to contact the Port Authority for nel 12, as follows:
the most up-to-date restrictions on berthing requirements. 1. When 2 hours from Mumbai Port—Provide the ves-

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 65

sel’s position when crossing longitude 72°40.9'E. by day by corresponding signals at the light.
2. When passing the following reporting points: The Port Signal Station is in a tower on the E side of Ballard
2.30

a. 18°49.9’N, 72°38.1’E. Pier. The docking signal station is on Bull’s Nose at the en-
b. 18°51.6’N, 72°49.4’E. (pilot boarding area) trance to Indira Dock. The Naval Signal Station lies about 0.5
c. 18°56'34.2''N, 72°55'01.2''E. mile SW of the Port Signal Station.
3. Inbound vessels proceeding to the outer anchorages— Communication is by the International Code of Signals, by
2.30

1 hour prior to arrival in the area and again upon anchoring. signal lamp at night, or by VHF radiotelephone.
4. Vessels proceeding to anchor or leaving the anchor- Storm signals are displayed from the port signal station and
2.30

age—At least 1 hour prior to getting underway. from a flagstaff at the NE corner of Victoria Dock; the General
5. Departing vessels—At least 1 hour prior to leaving System is used. Further information on these storm signals
the berth and again upon leaving the berth. may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
6. Vessels bound to or from JNPT—An initial call is South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
made to Mumbai VTS for instructions. The vessel then con- nals.”
tacts Jawahar Lal Nehru Port Control on VHF channel 13.
7. Vessels transiting to or from JNPT—When crossing Contact Information
the MPT/JNPT port limits.
8. Vessels departing from JNPT—Upon leaving the Contact Information.—See the table titled Mumbai (Bom-
2.30

berth, providing the ETA at MPT limit, and again when bay/Jawahar Lal Nehru—Contact Information.
reaching the MPT limit.
9. Vessels bound to or from the Indian Naval Tidal Ba-
sin—Provide the type of vessel and pennant number. Partici- Mumbai (Bombay/Jawahar Lal Nehru—Contact
pating vessels without a pilot on board must get traffic Information
clearance prior to getting underway. Port Authority
10. Naval vessels—Inform Mumbai VTS by telephone of
planned departure and seek traffic clearance 30 minutes prior 91-22-6656-5656
Telephone
to getting underway 91-22-6656-4021
11. Vessels involved in accidents or emergencies—As
soon as reasonably possible. Facsimile 91-22-2261-2401
Vessels must provide the following information when enter-
2.30 Telex 81-1181047 MBPT IN
ing the VTS area: E-mail mbpt@[Link]
1. Vessel name.
2. Position. Web site [Link]
3. Deepest draft. Harbormaster
4. Maneuvering speed.
5. Destination and last port-of-call. Telephone 91-22-6656-4022
6. ETA at the pilot boarding position or the relevant re- Indira Container Terminal (ICT)
porting point.
7. Number of personnel on board and nationality. 91-22-6625-4444 (switchboard)
Telephone
8. Any deficiencies. 91-22-6625-4424 (operations)
9. Any assistance required.
10. Naval vessels—Inform the VTS by HDCC 1 hour pri- Facsimile 91-22-6625-4456
or to planned entry. E-mail info@[Link]
11. Warships—Provide call sign and pennant number.
12. Merchant vessels to keep their AIS operational on en- Web site [Link]
try or departure from Mumbai Port. APM Terminals Mumbai
Vessels at anchor within or in transit through the VTS area
2.30

Telephone 91-22-6681-1000
must maintain a listening watch on VHF channel 12.
Vessels may use VHF channel 12 to contact other vessels
2.30
Facsimile 91-22-6681-1110
within the VTS area but, unless passing a short message relat- E-mail apmtmumbai@[Link]
ing directly to the safety of navigation, must switch to an
agreed upon working channel. Web site [Link]
Vessel Traffic Service
Signals
Call sign Mumbai VTS
A naval signal station at Colaba Point may call up vessels by
2.30
VHF VHF channels 12 and16
signal lamp, which they are required to answer by the same
system. 91-22-6656-5036
Telephone
Vessels liable to quarantine or carrying certain types of dan-
2.30
91-22-2260-1612
gerous cargo are required by Mumbai (Bombay) Port Rules to
Facsimile 91-22-2266-4066
make certain signals to Prongs Reef Light; these are answered

Pub. 173
66 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Mumbai (Bombay/Jawahar Lal Nehru—Contact It has been reported (2013) that during the monsoon season
2.30

Information (late May to late August) the anchorage area within the inner
harbor of Mumbai is restricted to an area N of Sunk Rock
E-mail dmcsmbpt@[Link] Light.
Web site [Link] Vessels subject to quarantine may be instructed to anchor in
2.30

a position convenient for the health officer to board.

Lighterage Operation Area Anchoring and fishing are prohibited in the vicinity of the
2.30

VHF VHF channels 6 and 19 pipelines. Anchoring is prohibited in an area in the harbor en-
trance extending approximately 4.75 miles E from Prongs Reef
Jawahar Lal Nehru Pilots Light. Another prohibited anchorage has been established NW
Call sign JNPT Pilots of Back Bay (18°56'N., 72°49'E.), as shown on the chart.
VHF VHF channels 12 and 13 A dangerous wreck lies close NE of Anchorage A5; another
2.30

dangerous wreck lies about 350m NNW of Anchorage J3.

Mumbai Pilots Deep water and an emergency anchorage areas have been es-
2.30

Call sign Mumbai Pilots tablished W of Karanja Reefs, as follows:

VHF VHF channel 12 Designation Position Diameter

DW1 18°53.'43.8''N, 72°51'46.2''E 900m
Anchorage
DW2 18°54'09.6''N, 72°52'00.6'E 900m
Anchorage areas have been established about 20 miles NW
2.30
DW3 18°54'35.4''N, 72°52'16.2''E 900m
and 6 miles WNW of the entrance to Mumbai Harbor (Bombay
Harbor) and are best seen on the chart. Caution is necessary Emergency 18°53'13.2''N, 72°51'31.8''E 1,160m
when using the latter anchorage as a dangerous wreck lies
within the area. Directions
Bravo (West) and Bravo (East) anchorages, best seen on the
2.30

chart, are centered approximately 20 miles WNW and 12 miles During the Southwest Monsoon, when it may be difficult to
2.30

NW respectively from Khanderi Island Light. Bravo (West) is identify marks, or during the cold weather, when a smoke haze
used by large vessels and Bravo (East) by smaller vessels. Cau- often reduces visibility, the best time to make Mumbai (Bom-
tion should be used to avoid the charted disused cables and oth- bay) is about 1 hour before sunrise, when the lights are still vis-
er dangers within these anchorages. ible.
Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) has numerous anchorages
2.30
In the approaches to Mumbai (Bombay), Western Arm of the
2.30

available within the harbor, in depths up to 9.7m, with three of TSS has been established to assist mariners to navigate safely
them designated for explosives and dangerous cargo in either in the vicinity of the previously-described Offshore Oil Devel-
the channel leading to Thane Creek, NNE of Elephanta Patch opment Areas. Route generally leads NE and then a E direc-
(18°58.5'N., 72°55.3'E.), or NNE of Karanja Beacon as shown tion, passing S of Mumbai High Oil Field Development Area
on the chart. and Mukta Panna and Bassein Oil Field Development Area and
In the S part of the harbor the anchorages are found on both
2.30
N of Neelam Heera and Ratna Oil Field Development Area.
sides of the dredged channel. These anchorages are reported to Other routes lead in NNE-SSW directions, passing W and E of
be mud, with good holding ground. Neelam Heera and Ratna Oil Field Development Area.
An anchorage for tankers is located about 1.3 miles SW of
2.30
From a position W of Kumbaru Point, the Southern Arm
2.30

Butcher Beacon. An emergency anchorage area is designated route of the TSS leads generally N for about 34 miles, to a po-
about 0.45 mile NE of Butcher Beacon. Also shown on the sition in the vicinity of the TSS roundabout, WSW of Mumbai
chart is a special anchorage area designated for naval vessels Harbor.
located N of Sunk Rock. From the TSS roundabout the route leads E, then ENE,
2.30

Deep-draft vessels should anchor about 7 miles W of Prongs

2.30
through the Eastbound lane of the TSS and maintained depth
Reef, outside the 20m curve, in mud and shingle, reportedly approach channel that is marked by light buoys.
good holding ground, and await berthing instructions.
Caution
For Jawahar Lal Nehru Port, an anchorage area, best seen on
2.30

the chart, has a dredged depth of 12.8m and is located NE of In the approach to Mumbai (Bombay), either from N or S,
2.30

Elephanta Island. lines of strong fishing stakes, surmounted by baskets, which

As a general rule, vessels in the harbor should always be
2.30
project about 6.1m out of the water, may be encountered any-
moored in a SSW-NNE direction, as follows: where in depths up to 18.3m and sometimes up to 22m.
1. Between October 1 and May 31 use 82m of cable In the immediate approach to the harbor, within the area
2.30

each way. shown by dashed lines on the charts, no fishing stakes are per-
2. Between June 1 and September 30 use 109m on the S mitted, but even within this area they are sometimes placed,
anchor and 82m on the N anchor. and so may be encountered before the port authorities have
3. Vessels moored in the eddies off Middle Ground Islet been able to remove them. Occasionally the heads of the stakes
should use 140m on the S anchor. are broken off at the [Link] then they may not be seen

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 67

above water. All fishing stakes are normally removed each year jungle.
for the duration of the Southwest Monsoon. Depths—Limitations.—Depths in the approach to the coast
2.31

Two precautionary areas, best seen on the chart, lie within

2.30 between Mumbai (Bombay) and Cape Rama are fairly deep
the main Mumbai approach channel about 1.2 miles E of Mid- and clear of dangers, with the exception of Angria Bank.
dle Ground Island and 1.3 miles SW of Butcher Island. Ves- Angria Bank, with a least depth of 20.1m in position
2.31

sels, including those entering and leaving Naval Dockyard and 16°43'N, 72°03'E, lies about 65 miles off the coast, and is com-
Indira Dock, are likely to cross the channel within these areas. posed of sand, shells, and coral. The bank is steep-to on all
Caution is necessary in the harbor and its approaches as ma-
2.30 sides, with great depths surrounding it. The tidal currents set
ny buoys have been reported (2007) missing. NE across the bank during the flood and SW with the ebb, with
In 2001, it was reported that numerous fishing vessels were
2.30 a velocity of about 1 knot in spring tides.
anchored directly in the inbound and outbound traffic lanes. A volcanic disturbance was reported observed (1949) in an
2.31

Numerous wrecks, best seen on chart, lie in the approaches,

2.30 area about 100 miles SW of Angria Bank. Vessels should ap-
channels, and adjacent waters of the port of Mumbai (Bom- proach this area with caution.
bay). Mariners should use caution while transiting these wa- Caution.—Between Khanderi Island and Boria Point, about
2.31

ters. 80 miles SSE, fishing stakes and logs are liable to be encoun-
Heavy smog and haze may reduce the visibility in the harbor.
2.30 tered in depths up to 22m.
It was reported (2001) that heavy pollution and siltation in
2.30

the harbor prevented the vessel’s depth finder from giving ac- Khanderi Island to Murud-Janjira Harbor
curate readings.
A submarine exercise area is centered 67 miles W of the en-
2.30 2.32 The coast from abreast Khanderi Island to Alibag,
trance to Mumbai (Bombay) Harbor. Another submarine exer- about 4 miles S, consists of a low ridge of sand hills backed by
cise area is centered between the Fifty Fathoms Flat and dense groves of palm trees. It is fringed by sand banks and
Direction Bank, about 75 miles offshore. reefs extending in places about 1.3 miles offshore, and depths
Numerous small fishing vessels, with buoyed nets, are likely
2.30 of less than 5.5m extend about 3.5 miles offshore. The inner
to be encountered up to 25 miles offshore from Mumbai (Bom- reefs, which lie in narrow ridges parallel to the shore, are
bay). joined by low stone walls and are used as fish traps.
A depth of 23m was reported in 1987 close W of the 200m
2.30 Alibag Creek, almost closed by sand, lies S of Alibag. Kola-
2.32

depth contour in approximate position 19°00'N, 69°55'E. ba Fort, about 0.5 mile SW of Alibag, stands on a drying reef
Mariners are advised not to anchor or fish near the pipelines
2.30 on the NW side of the entrance to the creek. The fort can be
to avoid damaging them. recognized by the cupola of a temple in the shape of a pagoda,
Submarine oil and gas pipelines are laid from the SW point
2.30 which is conspicuous from seaward. A light is shown periodi-
of Karanja Island, WSW through the entrance to Mumbai cally from Kolaba Fort.
(Bombay) Harbor and then NW to Mumbai (Bombay) High Alibag Outer Reef, with a depth of 1.8m, lies about 1.3 miles
2.32

Field. W of Kolaba Fort, and is marked SW by a red conical buoy

The limits of the maintained channels and depths have
2.30 from October to May.
changed and new dredged areas have been established within Chaul Kadu Reef, a group of rocky patches with a least
2.32

Mumbai, Jawahar Lal Nehru and Trombay (2016). Mariners depth of 2.1m, lies about 2.5 miles farther S. The sea breaks
are advised to consult the local authorities for the latest infor- heavily over these reefs at LW. A light is shown from a white
mation. round masonry tower, 19m high, on the NE extremity of the
reef.
Mumbai (Bombay) to Cape Rama
2.33 Revadanda Port (Port Chaul) (18°33'N., 72°55'E.),
2.31 The coast between Khanderi Island (18°42'N., the estuary of the Kundalika River, is only available to vessels
72°49'E.) and Cape Rama, about 228 miles SSE, consists of able to cross the bar. In the fairway over the bar there is a depth
sandy bays separated by bold rocky capes. There are a number of 2.1m, but this may be subject to change. The tide flows over
of river estuaries and it is often bordered by tableland in the a considerable part of the low-lying land on either side of this
middle of its S part. The Western Ghats, which are generally moderately wide river at HWS. Local vessels call at the port.
from 609 to 904m high, with some peaks nearly 1,524m high, Korlai Fort, on the S side of the river entrance, stands on the
2.33

lie like a wall parallel to the coast at an average distance of 30 summit of a reddish-colored headland, connected to the main-
miles inland. land by a low, narrow, and sandy isthmus. The N part of this
The Sagargarh Range, S of Kankeshwar, has a spur forming
2.31 headland slopes gradually to the sea and terminates in a rocky
two narrow ridges extending W to about 2 miles ENE of Ali- point. A light, with a racon and AIS, is shown from the fort.
bag. Sagargarh (18°39'N., 72°58'E.), 415m high, and the Chaul Knob, 255m high, round and conspicuous, lies about
2.33

highest peak of this range, lies about 5 miles E of Alibag. It has 1.8 miles ESE of Korlai Fort, and is the summit of a range of
a rounded summit and is faced on its S side by high conspicu- wooded hills.
ous cliffs. At the NW end of this range, about 5 miles NW of Revadanda, an old fortress, stands on the N entrance point of
2.33

Sagargarh and 2.5 miles from the coast, are three high bare, the river. The tower of the Franciscan convent, 31m high, is
and conspicuous peaks. The S of these three is the sharp and conspicuous above the walls of the fort.
conical Parhur Peak, 313m high. Close SE of Sagargarh is a A prominent white temple stands 2 miles NE of Revadanda.
2.33

sharp rocky peak; farther S the range is lower and covered with Another temple is conspicuous on the summit of a 172m hill

Pub. 173
68 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Courtesy of Dighi Port

Murud-Janjira Harbor (Dighi Port/Agardana)—Current Operations and Future Development

above the preceding temple. A Muslim tomb stands at a height A peninsula with two conspicuous peaks lies on the S side of
2.34

of 128m, near a group of palm trees, about 0.8 mile NW of the the harbor. Conical Hill, 232m high and bare, and Round Hill,
latter temple. 231m high and thickly wooded, lie about 2 and 3 miles, respec-
Nine Foot Patch lies about 2.3 miles NW of Korlai Fort. Six
2.33 tively, SSE of Nanwell Point. Dighi Hill, about 1.5 miles SE of
Foot Patch lies about 0.8 mile farther S. the same point, is 250m high and the highest point of the pen-
An offshore production platform lies about 33 miles W of
2.33 insula.
the entrance to Murud–Janjira harbor. Dighi, a village on the S shore of the Rajpuri River, has a
2.34

bight SE of it fringed with mangroves; a drying mud flat fills

2.34 Murud-Janjira Harbor (18°18'N., 72°57'E.), at the the bight.
mouth of Rajpuri Creek, is entered between Vihur Point and Nanwell Point Light is shown from a white masonry tower
2.34

Nanwell Point, about 4 miles SSE. The harbor affords good with red bands, on Nanwell Point, a wooded bluff.
shelter to moderate-sized vessels from all winds except those A hill, 134m high, lies about 0.8 mile N of Vihur Point.
2.34

from W and NW. Murud Hill, 306m high, is conspicuous about 2.5 miles E of
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise is 3.9m at MHWS, and
2.34 the same point.
3m at MHWN. Tidal currents have a velocity of 1 knot to 1.5 Janjira Fort, 37m high and conspicuous, stands on a rocky is-
2.34

knots at springs. let, about 2 miles NE of Nanwell Point and abreast the village
Depths—Limitations.—Depths of less than 5m extend
2.34 of Rajpuri. A light is shown from the fort.
about 10.3 miles S of Kansa Fort. Bandar Hill, a small round headland 70m high, with a grassy
2.34

Whale Reef, about 1.3 miles WSW of Nanwell Point, dries

2.34 summit, lies about 1 mile NNW of Janjira Fort. A light is
3.3m. Shoal water, with depths of less than 5m, extends about shown periodically from the hill.
0.5 mile WNW, and 0.3 mile S of the reef. Kansa Fort, its walls about 6m high and partly in ruins,
2.34

Fishing stakes, consisting of large poles or stripped palm

2.34 stands on a reef about 2.5 miles N of Nanwell Point.
trees, may be met within the harbor, but they normally show The Nawabs Palace and flagstaff are conspicuous on a steep
2.34

well above HW. bluff, 33m high, about 1.3 miles NE of Kansa Fort.
For berthing information see the table titled Dighi—Berth
2.34 The town of Murud, surrounded by a large grove of palm
2.34

Information. trees, is situated on the N side of the entrance between Bandar

Aspect.—The coast in the vicinity of the harbor is hilly and
2.34 Hill and Nawabs Palace.
well-wooded, with high ranges behind the coastal hills. Pilotage.—Pilots board about 7 miles W of the harbor en-
2.34

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 69

trance in position 18°17.5'N, 72°49.0'E and are compulsory. Caution.—Lesser depths have been reported (2019) within
2.34

Tugs are contacted on VHF channel 69. the channel to Dighi Port. Consult the local authorities for the
Contact Information.—See the table titled Dighi—Con-
2.34 latest information.
tact Information. A dangerous wreck lies about 8.4 miles WNW of Nanwell
2.34

Point in approximate position 18°18.1'N, 72°47.4'E.

Dighi—Contact Information
Port Control
Muhud-Janjira Harbor to Port Bankot
Call sign Port Control 2.35 Kumbaru Point (18°13'N., 72°56'E.), 70m high, lies
about 3.5 miles S of Nanwell Point and is the N entrance point
VHF VHF channels 16 and 69
of Kumbaru Bay. The point fronts densely wooded hills rising
91-2147-227-725 to about 240m; there is a conspicuous bluff about 2.3miles E of
the point.
91-2147-227-726
Telephone Shah Jehan Shoal, with a least depth of 4.2m, lies about 1
2.35

91-2147-227-380 mile SW of Kumbaru Point. Depths are irregular for a short

91-2147-227-381 distance W of this shoal and vessels in the vicinity should keep
in depths greater than 11m.
Facsimile 91-2147-227-727 Anchorage, sheltered from NW winds, can be taken, in a
2.35

E-mail dighiportcontrol@[Link] depth of 4.5m, SE of Kumbaru Point.

[Link] Srivardhan Bay, about 5 miles SSE of Kumbaru Bay, is shal-
2.35

Web site low and the village of Srivardhan lies at its head. A light is
[Link]
shown from the S end of the N entrance point of the bay from
Tugs September to May.
Call sign Port Control Anchorage off Srivardhan for large vessels can be obtained,
2.35

in 10m, mud, about 3 miles WNW of Srivardhan Point

VHF VHF channel 69 (18°01'N., 73°00'E.), the S entrance point of the bay.

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in about 5m, with

2.34
Port Bankot (17°59'N., 73°03'E.)
Janjira Fort bearing 001°, about 0.7 mile. Anchorage with bet-
ter shelter can be obtained, in about 5.5m, with the fort bearing World Port Index No. 48870
330°, distant about 1.75 miles and Sandy Point bearing 100°.
Sandy Point lies about 3.5 mile E of Nanwell Point. 2.36 Port Bankot lies from 1 to 2 miles within the bar at the
Anchorage Area Alpha and Anchorage Area Bravo, located
2.34 entrance of the Savitri River, which is entered between Dev-
NE and NW, respectively, of the pilot boarding position, are garh Point, 55m high, and Rankuran Point, about 1.5 miles
best seen on the chart. SSE. Bankot, a fishing village, extends some distance along the
Directions.—A vessel bound for Murud-Janjira Harbor
2.34 S bank of the river. The Savitri River becomes a narrow stream
should keep in depths greater than 11m until Janjira Fort is above the village.
identified. Then bring Janjira Fort to bear 090° and steer for it Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set over the bar NNE
2.36

on that bearing until Nanwell Point Light bears 180°. Course is with the flood, and SSW with the ebb, attaining a velocity of
then altered SE into the harbor, or steer for Sandy Point bearing 0.8 knot at springs.
116° to the anchorage, in a least depth of 4.4m. Between the bar and the anchorage off Bankot the flood
2.36

Approach to the anchorage may be obstructed by lines of

2.34 current sets slightly toward the sandbank on the N side of the
fishing nets and, from November to April, by fishing stakes. channel, while the ebb follows the direction of the channel.

Dighi—Berth Information
Draft
Berth Name Length Remarks
Alongside
South Terminal
No. 1 325m 14.5m Crude products, LNG, bauxite, coal, fertilizer, steel products,
No. 2 325m 14.5m breakbulk, and others. Continuous berthing length of 650m.
North Terminal
No. 3 216m 14.5m
Under construction (2021). Ro-ro, lo-lo, and containers. Con-
No. 4 216m 14.5m
tinuous berthing length of 650m.
No. 5 216m 14.5m

Pub. 173
70 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

At the anchorage off Bankot the velocity of the tidal currents

2.36 very few trees.
at springs is about 2.5 knots. A vessel proceeding between the two rivers will not encoun-
2.37

Aspect.—The entrance of the Savitri River may be identified

2.36 ter any shoals by keeping from 1.5 to 3 miles offshore and in
by Hareshwar Hill, 109m high, dark, and conical, about 0.3 depths of over 9.1m. Care must be taken to avoid the logs
mile E of Devgarh Point. Hareshwar Donghur, 125m high, is marking the fisheries, which may be met about 5 miles W of
conspicuous about 0.8 mile farther NE. the entrance to the Jog River (17°50'N., 73°05'E.).
The high black walls of Fort Victoria, in ruins, stand at an el-
2.36 An islet, about 2 miles S of the entrance to the Jog River, lies
2.37

evation of 140m, about 0.8 mile ENE of Rankuran Point. A close S of a promontory projecting from the coast at Harnai.
high pillar and large pyramidal headstone, both prominent Harnai Light is shown from a white masonry tower on the
from outside the bar, stand in a cemetery close under the walls promontory.
of the fort. The hill from Fort Victoria slopes down to Panbruj Janjira Fort, a fortified islet, 19m high and covered with veg-
2.37

Point, about 0.8 mile NE of Rankuran Point. etation, stands about 0.5 mile NW of the above-mentioned is-
let. Janjira Fort, standing under a range of hills, is not easily
The entrance to the channel over the bar was 1 mile W of
2.36 distinguished from seaward.
Rankuran Point, with a least depth of 2.1m in 1968. The N side Burondi Bay lies about 6 miles SSE of Janjira Fort. The bay
2.37

of the entrance is marked by a red can buoy, and the S side by a affords anchorage, with some shelter from S winds, in a depth
black conical buoy. A drying sandbank N of the channel, over of 3.7m.
which the sea breaks heavily, is marked by a red can buoy. The
existence of these buoys is doubtful. 2.38 Port Dabhol (17°35'N., 73°10'E.) lies in the estuary
Depths gradually increase within the bar, and off Panbruj
2.36 of the Vashishti River, which is navigable at all times by ves-
Point there is a pool with depths of 13m. sels with a draft of 3m as far as Karbone, about 16 miles within
Pilotage.—The services of a local unlicensed pilot can be
2.36 the entrance, and thence, at HW only, to Chiplun, 10 miles far-
obtained on application to the Customs and Port Officer. ther up.
Anchorage.—Outside the bar, anchorage can be taken, in a
2.36 Sil Point, the N entrance point of the river, lies nearly 2 miles
2.38

depth of 9m. ENE of Tolkeshwar Point. Chirpulti Sand, which dries, extends
Off Port Bankot vessels may anchor, in about 10m, off the
2.36 about 1.5 miles WSW of the point.
custom house, which lies about 0.3 mile ENE of Panbruj Point. Tolkeshwar Point (17°34'N., 73°09'E.), the S entrance point
2.38

Directions.—The NW corner of Fort Victoria bearing 079°

2.36 of the river, is bold and faced with cliffs about 90m high; an an-
leads across the bar. The channel then leads 055° and passes cient Hindu temple and a prominent clump of trees stand on its
close W of Panbruj Point. summit. Ranvi Point, about 0.5 mile S of Tolkeshwar Point, has
The channel over the bar is liable to change and passage into
2.36 a very large boulder and overhanging cliff N of it.
the river should not be attempted without local knowledge. Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Port Dabhol is 2.7m at
2.38

Caution.—Caution is required in crossing the bar; during

2.36 MHHW and 2.2m at MLHW.
strong W breezes heavy breakers are raised over the bar and The tidal current sets NE over the bar with the flood and SW
2.38

there is always a cross sea. with the ebb, attaining a velocity of about 1.5 knots.
Inside the bar the flood current sets into Anjanvel Bay and
2.38

Port Bankot to Port Dabhol the ebb onto Churpulti Sand.

The flood current continues for about 1 hour after HW and
2.38

2.37 The coast between the entrances of the Savitri River the ebb current for about 1 hour after LW. At neaps, the ebb
and the Vashishti River, about 25 miles SSE, consists of a se- current occasionally commences 1 hour before HW.
ries of plateaus at elevations of 150 to 210m. Depths—Limitations.—The bar, with a least depth of 2.7m
2.38

Kante Peak, 346m high, about 2.3 miles ESE of Bankot, and
2.37 on the entrance range, extends about 0.7 mile NW of
Gimona Peak, 306m high, about 10 miles farther SSE, are two Tolkeshwar Point. Within the bar, the depths increase from
conspicuous peaks along this coast. 7.6m to 12.8m.
The seaward slopes of the plateaus are generally abrupt, but
2.37 Churpulti Sand lies on the N side of the channel. Berthing
2.38

in places there is a narrow strip of land between the plateaus details are shown in the table titled Port Dabhol—Berth
and the beach. The vegetation consists of sparse bushes with Information.

Port Dabhol—Berth Information

Berth Maximum Vessel
Berth Depth
Draft Remarks
Length Alongside LOA Size Beam
(HW)
Dabhol
SPM — — — — 70,000 dwt — Closed. Clean products.
Ratnagiri Gas and Power
LNG Jetty 40m — 300m 11.0m 135,000m3 67.0m LNG.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 71

Ratnagiri Gas and Power Terminal (17°32'N., 73°09'E.),

2.38
Dabhol—Contact Information
is a new KLPL LNG terminal S of the entrance to the Vashishti
River. The entrance has a controlled depth of 12.6 (2019) and E-mail [Link]@[Link]
the terminal is protected by a breakwater 1.4 miles in length. Web site [Link]
The jetty is capable of handling vessels up to 135,000 dwt,
with a maximum length of 300m long and a maximum draft of Directions.—Vessels intending to enter the Vashishti River
2.38

11m. should not proceed into depths less than 9.1m until Tolkeshwar
Aspect.—The land on both sides of this river is hilly and un-
2.38

Point Light bears 095°. When the light structure is on this bear-
dulating; the hills, about 90 to 120m high, slope steeply to the ing, distant 1.5 miles, bring the range lights in line bearing
coast and terminate in cliffs from 5 to 25m high. 081°. When Tolkeshwar Point Light bears 180°, steer to pass
Pir Balu, a conical hill 248m high, with a dome-shaped tomb
2.38

about 137m N of Anjanvel Fort Light, the front range light.

on its summit, is located about 4.3 miles ENE of Tolkeshwar When the latter light bears 180°, steer a mid-channel course,
Point and is a good landmark as it lies out above the flat rocky keeping about 0.1 mile offshore to avoid the coastal reef which
ridges in the vicinity. extends about 91m offshore near Veldur Hill.
Tolkeshwar Point Light is shown from a white square masonry
2.38

Care must be taken to avoid fishing logs which are often

2.38

tower on Tolkeshwar Point. This light may be occasionally ob- moored both inside and outside the river.
scured by clouds because of its elevation of 104m. The point has Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, is sit-
2.38

been reported to be a good radar target at 23 miles. uated 6 miles WSW of Tolkeshwar Point, the position of which
Anjanvel Fort, in ruins, is situated about 0.8 mile ENE of
2.38

is approximate. Another dangerous wreck lies 5 miles SW of

Tolkeshwar Point. Anjanvel Bay, E of the fort, is shallow. the same point, along the 20m line.
Veldur Hill, 81m high, is located on the E side of Anjanvel A submarine pipeline and works in progress area (2013) ex-
2.38

Bay. tend about 4 miles WSW from shore, S of Port Dabhol. A dan-
Range lights, on the S side of the river, in line bearing 081°,
2.38

gerous wreck is situated at the end of the pipeline.

lead across the bar. The front light is situated close N of Anjan-
vel Fort and the rear light stands on the N slope of Veldur Hill,
about 0.8 mile E.
Port Dabhol to Jaigarh Bay
A red can buoy marks the W end of the bar; another red can
2.38

2.39 A sandy beach extends about 3.8 miles SSE from a

buoy is moored off the S side of Churpulti Sand. A red can position about 3 miles SE of Tolkeshwar Point. Guhagar, a
lighted buoy is moored about 0.5 mile SW of Sil Point. large village, lies parallel to the beach close inland.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is only compulsory for berthing and de-
2.38

Cliffs, about 100m high inland near their N end, extend from
2.39

parture from the Ratnagiri Gas and Power Terminal. The pilot the sandy beach to Palshet Bay, about 1 mile S. Palshet Light is
boards in position 17°34.7'N, 73°04.0'E and may be obtained shown from the N entrance point of the bay; the light is ob-
by contacting the Port Authority 72 hours in advance. scured by high land when bearing more than 141°.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Dabhol—Con-
2.38

Boria Point (17°24'N., 73°10'E.), about 2 miles SW of

2.39

tact Information. Palshet Bay, attains an elevation of 118m. Boria Pagoda, a

Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained outside the bar,
2.38
small conspicuous temple, stands at the NW end of the head-
in 10m, clay, about 2 WNW of Tolkeshwar Point. An anchor- land within a summit of the point. Boria Pagoda has been re-
age area lies centered in position 17°34'27.0''N, 73°03'32.4''E, ported to be a good radar target at 18 miles.
about 5 miles WNW of the point. A dumping ground has been Boria Bay lies SE of Boria Headland. Anchorage, sheltered
2.39

established S of this anchorage. from NW winds, may be obtained by small vessels, in a depth
Small vessels may anchor in midstream, S of the pier at Dab-
2.38

of 8m, mud.
hol, in a depth of about 8.5m, mud. The coast between Boria Headland and Bhandarwadi Point,
2.39

3.5 miles SSE, is composed of small, sandy bays divided by

Dabhol—Contact Information rocky points.
Port Control
2.40 Jaigarh Bay (17°18'N., 73°13'E.) is entered between
91-235-824-8524 Jaigarh Head and Bhandarwadi Point, about 1.8 miles NE. The
Telephone 91-942-296-6102 (mobile) estuary of the Shastri River, which flows into the head of the
bay, forms a sheltered, convenient harbor, fairly easy to access,
91-942-237-7115 (mobile) even during the Southwest Monsoon, for vessels of about 3.4m
Ratnagiri Gas and Power Terminal draft with local knowledge.
Tides—Currents.—The mean spring range is about 2.0m;
2.40

Call sign RGPPL Terminal

the mean neap range is about 0.9m.
VHF VHF channel 16 Depths—Limitations.—The bar of the Shastri River ex-
2.40

91-23-5924-1110 tends NNE from close W of Jaigarh Fort to close E of Katane

Telephone Reef, which dries 0.6m about 0.2 mile SW of Bhandarwadi
91-23-5924-1350 Point.
Facsimile 91-23-5924-1118 A channel leads E across the S end of the bar about 0.2 mile
2.40

offshore and had a least depth of 3.7m in 1964, but it is subject

Pub. 173
72 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

to change. hol Light is shown from a white tower about 0.5 mile NE of
Mora Sands, which dry 1.2m, extend about 0.6 mile W of the
2.40 Jaigarh Head Light.
NE entrance point of the Shastri River, leaving a navigable Jaigarh Fort, an old fortress containing a few houses, is situat-
2.40

channel about 183m wide between Mora Sands and Jaigarh. ed on a rocky point, about 2 miles E of Jaigarh Head Light; a
JSW Jaigarh Port is situated on the S side of Jaigarh Bay
2.40 light is shown from the NW corner of the fort. The town of
about 1 mile E of Jaigarh Head. The port is approached Jaigarh extends along the coast for about 0.8 mile S of the fort.
through a dredged channel, marked by lighted buoys, with a Trize Kila, a ruined fort, is situated about 1 mile E of Jaigarh
2.40

length of 4,700m and a width of 200m. The Port Authority Fort. The NE side of Jaigarh Bay consists of ridges of bare
should be contacted for current information on depths in the hills, about 61 to 91.4m high, with steep cliffy sides and small
dredged channel. sandy indentations.
Angre is situated on the S bank of the Shastri River upstream
2.40 Pilotage.—Pilots for JSW Jaigarh Port should be requested
2.40

from JSW Jaigarh Port. It is a well-sheltered harbor handling from Jaigarh Port Control. Pilots for Angre Port should be re-
liquid, container, and multi-purpose cargo. quested from Angre Port Control.
Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
2.40 Pilots board, as follows:
2.40

Jaigarh—Berth Information. 1. Vessels with a draft greater than 14.5m—In position

Aspect.—Jaigarh Head (17°18'N., 73°11'E.) has Kardesh-
2.40 17°20.0’N, 73°05.0’E.
war Point at its NW extremity; this point appears from seaward 2. Vessels with a draft less than 14.5m—In position
to be a level and almost barren plateau terminating in steep 17°19.0’N, 73°08.0’E.
rocky cliffs. A Hindu temple stands on the steep face of the Regulations.—Vessels must send their ETA to Jaigarh Port
2.40

cliffs. Jaigarh Head has been reported to be a good radar target Control by facsimile and e-mail 7 days, 5 days, 72 hours, 48
at 20 miles. hours, 24 hours, and 12 hours in advance.
Jaigarh Head Light is shown from a tall, black iron tower
2.40 Contact Information.—See the tables titled Jaigarh—
2.40

with white bands, on the SW end of Jaigarh Head. Dhamank- Contact Information and Angre—Contact Information.

Jaigarh—Berth Information
Berth Maximum Vessel
Length Remarks
Name Draft LOA Size
Jaigarh Multipurpose Terminal
No. 1 300m 18.5m 295m 200,000 dwt Chemicals, bauxite, coal, fertilizer, iron ore, limestone, break-
No. 2 300m 18.5m 295m 200,000 dwt bulk, and multipurpose. Continuous berthing length of 600m.
No. 3A 310m 18.5m — 200,000 dwt
Chemicals, bauxite, coal, fertilizer, iron ore, limestone, sugar,
No. 3B 310m 18.5m — 18,000 teu breakbulk, and multipurpose. Continuous berthing length of
930m.
No. 4A 310m 18.5m — 18,000 teu
Chemicals, bauxite, coal, fertilizer, iron ore, limestone, break-
No. 6A 343m 12.0m — 50,000 dwt
bulk, and multipurpose.
LNG Terminal
LNG Berth Under construction. LNG. Berthing length of 400m (including
45m 18.5m — 50,000 dwt
(No. 5) dolphins).

Jaigarh—Contact Information Jaigarh—Contact Information

Port Control [Link]
Web site
jaigarh-port
Call sign Jaigarh Port Control
VHF VHF channel 11
91-2357-242-551 Angre—Contact Information
Telephone 91-2357-242-552 Port Control
91-2357-242-553 Call sign Angre Port Control
Facsimile 91-2357-242-556 VHF VHF channels 14 and 16
[Link]@[Link] Telephone 91-2357-242-491
E-mail
[Link]@[Link] Facsimile 91-2357-242-494

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 73

Angre—Contact Information Anchorage.—Small vessels can obtain sheltered anchorage

2.41

during the Southwest Monsoon on the N side of Warori Bluff,

E-mail [Link]@[Link] in a depth of 5.5m.
Web site [Link] Neori Point, about 5.5 miles SSE of Warori Bluff, is 64m
2.41

high. The point has been reported to be a good radar target at

Deputy Conservator 15 miles.
Telephone 91-9967-63812 (mobile) Mirya Head (17°02'N., 73°16'E.), a high rocky headland, is
2.41

lighter in color than the adjacent coast, and resembles an island

E-mail [Link]@[Link]
when seen from the N or S. The W end of the headland termi-
Manager (Operational) nates in steep cliffs. Mirya Peak, 142m high, the conspicuous
summit of this headland, lies about 0.5 mile NNE of Miyet
Telephone 91-8308-672-557
Point, the SW extremity of the headland. Tonkul Peak, 115m
high, lies nearly 1 mile N of Mirya Peak.
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in Dhamankhol Bay,
2.40
Good radar returns have been reported from Mirya Head at
2.41

in about 8m, about 0.4 mile E of Dhamankhol Light. 16 miles.

There is good sheltered anchorage E of Jaigarh, but the best
2.40
Sookana Shoals, with a least depth of 9.4m, lie about 1 mile
2.41

anchorage, in 8.5m, lies about 0.8 mile SE of Jaigarh Fort. NNW of Sookana Point, the NW extremity of Mirya Head.
Vessels with a draft of up to 10m can obtain anchorage, in a
2.40
Kalbadevi Bay is entered between Sookana Point and Kurne
2.41

depth of about 15m, about 2.5 miles NW of the breakwater Point, about 2.5 miles NE.
head. Vessels with a draft greater than 10m should anchor out- Anchorage may be obtained, in 8m, about 0.7 mile E of
2.41

side the 20m curve. The bottom is soft mud, good holding Sookana Point and 0.3 mile offshore. Local vessels call here
ground. during the Southwest Monsoon.
Outer anchorage areas detailed in the table titled Jaigarh
2.40

Port—Outer Anchorages. Mirya Bay is entered between Miyet Point and Galee Point
2.41

(17°00'N., 73°16'E.), the N extremity of The Fort, about 1.5

Jaigarh Port—Outer Anchorages miles SSE. The shore at the head of this bay is covered with co-
LNG vessels 17°18”03.0''N,73°02'24.0''E conut palms and is fronted by a ridge of sand hills. A conspicu-
ous temple stands on Galee Point.
LPG vessels 17°16'31.2''N,73°05'28.2''E Mudle Shoal (Taylor Shoal), with a least depth of 1.1m, and
2.41

All vessels other than marked on its S side by a buoy, lies about 0.7 mile SE of Miyet
17°17'03.0''N,73°04'27.0'E Point. The sea breaks over this shoal at LW.
LPG and LNG
Bhagwati Bunder (Mirya Bay), a new port, has a breakwater 0.3
2.41

Emergency Anchorage 17°18'21.0''N,73°09'20.4''E mile long extending N from Galee Point; it provides sheltered an-
chorage throughout the year in depths up to 9.1m, sand and mud.
Caution.—Vessels approaching Jaigarh Bay from the S
2.40 However, attention should be given to Taylor Shoal, which lies N
should not close Kardeshwar Point within 0.3 mile to avoid of the entrance to the breakwater; a shoal, with a least depth of
foul ground. 3.4m, lies 0.4 mile ENE of N end of breakwater.
A dangerous wreck lies 23 miles W of Jaigarh Head.
2.40

Ratnagiri (16°59'N., 73°17'E.)

Jaigarh Bay to Ratnagiri Bay
World Port Index No. 48900
2.41 Ambwah Bay (17°16'N., 73°13'E.) lies E of Ambwah
Point, the S extremity of Jaigarh Head. Anchorage, sheltered 2.42 Ratnagiri is approached from Ratnagiri Bay. The bay
from NW winds, is available in 7.3m, mud and sand, ESE of is entered between The Fort and Kushipur Point (16°57'N.,
Ambwah Point. 73°17'E.), about 2 miles S, affords no shelter during the South-
A 10m patch and an 8.8m patch lie about 0.5 mile SW and
2.41 west Monsoon, when smooth-water anchorage can be found in
0.8 mile SSE, respectively, of Ambwah Point. Kalbadevi Bay.
Warori Bluff, about 4.5 miles SSE of Ambwah Point, is a
2.41 The Fort, on the N side of the entrance, is an old structure
2.42

conspicuous promontory, 70m high. A light is shown about 0.5 which covers a bold, conspicuous, and rocky headland up to
mile SE of the W extremity of Warori Bluff. Good radar re- 91m high. It appears as an island from a distance, and is con-
turns have been reported from Warori Bluff at 17 miles. nected to the mainland by a sandy neck.

Ratnagiri—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth
Berth Draft Remarks
Length LOA Size Beam
(HW)
Finolex Dry Berth
Coal Jetty 82m — — — — Coal.

Pub. 173
74 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Ratnagiri—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth
Berth Draft Remarks
Length LOA Size Beam
(HW)
Finolex Tanker Berth
FST Jetty 50m 177m 9.5m 20,000 dwt 50m Chemical gases, LPG, and chemicals.

The Ratnagiri River, entered about 1.3 miles E of The Fort, is

2.42
Ratnagiri—Contact Information
only navigable by small craft at HW. The town of Ratnagiri is
situated on the N side of the river entrance, on the brow of a VHF VHF channels 16 and 72
flat ridge, about 46m high. There is a Coast Radio Station at 91-2352-238-027
Ratnagiri.
Depths—Limitations.—Cargo is worked from anchorages 91-2352-238-028
2.42
Telephone
via lighters and at the Finolex Jetty at the N part of Ratnagiri 91-2352-238-029
Bay. Berthing details are shown in the table titled Ratnagiri—
91-2352-238-030
Berth Information.
In the N part of the bay, the depth in the entrance is about
2.42 goel@[Link]
11m, decreasing gradually E, but abruptly to the reef which E-mail
vr@[Link]
extends from the N shore; the bottom is sand and mud.
About 0.7 mile ENE of the N entrance point, a reef, on
2.42

which the sea breaks heavily in bad weather, extends about 0.4 Anchorage.—At the beginning and end of the Southwest
2.42

mile SSW. Close S of the S edge of this reef is a depth of 8.7m. Monsoon vessels should anchor, in 11m, with Ratnagiri Light
Depths of less than 7m extend nearly 1 mile NW of Kushipur
2.42
bearing 000°, distant about 0.7 mile.
Point. Brum Mudle Rock, 3.5m high, which breaks heavily Vessels can anchor, in 9.6m, with Ratnagiri Light bearing
2.42

during the Southwest Monsoon, lies about 0.3 mile NNW of 315°, distant about 0.5 mile. Shallow draft vessels can anchor
the same point. farther N.
Aspect.—Ratnagiri Light is shown from a tall black and white
2.42

checkered, round, concrete tower on the S bastion of The Fort. A Ratnagiri Bay to Vijayadurg Harbor
radiobeacon and a racon are situated at the light.
A palace, 83m high, is conspicuous about 2.3 miles E of Rat-
2.42
2.43 Between Ratnagiri and the Muchkundi River (Mach-
nagiri Light. kandi River), about 11 miles S, the land rises gradually from
Pilotage.—Pilots are not compulsory but are available by con-
2.42
the coast in undulating hills reaching a height of 200m about 5
tacting the port and board in position 16°52.5'N, 73°15.0'E. to 6 miles inland. Chandralli (Dhulia) (16°56'N., 73°26'E.), a
Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be reported to the
2.42
round wooded hill 280m high, about 9.5 miles ESE of The
charterers/shippers or consignees 7 days, 5 days, 3 days, 48 Fort, is the only conspicuous feature.
hours and 24 hours prior to arrival. Pavas Bay is entered S of Pavas Point (16°54'N., 73°17'E.).
2.43

It is reported that Ratnagiri port is closed during the summer

2.42
Golap Hill, 120m high, lies about 1 mile NE of Pavas Point.
monsoon period (June-September) and traffic is diverted about Vessels can anchor in Pavas Bay, in a depth of about 8.5m,
2.43

5 miles N to Kalbadevi Bay. mud and sand, sheltered from NW winds.

Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Ratnagiri Light; the
2.42
The coast between Pavas Bay and Purangad Bay, about 5
2.43

Brief System is used. Further information on these storm sig- miles S, consists of rocky tableland and sandy bays, and is free
nals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning from dangers.
Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India— Purangad Bay Light (16°49'N., 73°18'E.) is shown, except
2.43

Signals.” during the strength of the Southwest Monsoon, from the N en-
Contact Information.—See the table titled Ratnagiri—
2.42
trance point of Purangad Bay. About 1 mile farther E, a ruined
Contact Information. fort stands on a bare hill on the N side of the entrance to the
Muchkundi River. Khavri, a mountain 346m high, lies about 10
Ratnagiri—Contact Information miles E of the river entrance.
Port Control The coast between Purangad Bay and Wada Vetye (Yetia), a
2.43

village about 6 miles S, consists of a rocky tableland; thence to

VHF VHF channel 16 Ambolgarh Point, about 3 miles farther S, it is sandy and
Telephone 91-2352-222-160 backed by a range of hills 84 to 97m high. A conspicuous hill,
103m high, lies about 0.5 mile NW of Wada Vetye.
Facsimile 91-2352-222-160 Ambolgarh Bay lies between Ambolgarh Point and Musaka-
2.43

Finolex Port Ranpar zi Point (Musargagi Point), about 1 mile SSE. There is a sandy
beach at its head, and the ruins of a large salt works stand in a
Call sign Finolex Port Marine Control Room valley on the S side.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 75

Ambolgarh Reef, with a small drying patch at its center, lies

2.43 to the mainland by a narrow sandy neck. The town of Devgarh
about 0.4 mile SW of Ambolgarh Point; the sea breaks heavily lies NE of the sandy neck. Depths in the harbor restrict its use
over this reef. A black conical buoy is moored near the SW ex- to vessels of comparatively shallow draft.
tremity of the reef. An old fort, from which a light is shown, stands on Fort
2.46

Point. Two towers, 41 and 36m high, stand about 0.4 mile and
2.44 Rajapur Bay (16°37'N., 73°20'E.) is entered between 0.7 mile, respectively, S of Fort Point; another tower stands
Musakazi Point and Wagapur Point, about 1 mile SW; each about midway between the two towers. The town of Devgarh
point is about 21m high. A light is shown from September to has a post office and a hospital.
May from Musakazi Point. A light is shown from a tall, white, Storm signals are shown at the light tower using the Brief
2.46

square, concrete tower with black bands on Wagapur Point; System. Further information on these storm signals may be
foul ground extends about 0.1 mile WNW of the point. found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South
The coast between Wagapur Point and Vijayadurg Harbor,
2.44 Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
about 2 miles S, consists of cliffs about 21m high. Holi Hill, 85m Round Hill, 108m high, and Saddle Hill, 140m high, lie
2.46

high, about 2.3 miles E of Wagapur Point, is a round sloping about 2.5 miles NNE and E respectively, of Fort Point.
conspicuous hill on the E side of Rajapur Bay. It presents the Tides—Currents.—Outside the harbor the tidal currents are
2.46

same appearance from all directions, and lies out from the table- irregular, both in strength and direction, being much influenced
land in this vicinity which is faced with steep cliffs. by the wind; on several occasions they were observed to set
The Rajapur River flows into the head of Rajapur Bay at its
2.44 NW on the flood and SSW with the ebb, with a velocity of up
NE end. The bar of the river has depths of 1.8 to 2.3m; abreast to 1.5 knots.
the village of Jaitapur, which lies on the S bank of the river At the entrance to the harbor the currents attain a velocity of
2.46

about 1 mile within its entrance, there are depths of 4.6 to 1 to 1.5 knots with the spring ebb.
7.3m. Anchorage.—The recommended anchorage is with Devgarh
2.46

Anchorage.—Rajapur Bay affords anchorage, in a depth of

2.44 Harbor Light bearing 203°, distance 0.3 mile, and the N en-
8m, protected from NW winds which may blow strongly, but trance point of the harbor bearing 306°, in a depth of 6m. Far-
the anchorage is not safe during W winds, which raise a heavy ther in depths shoal gradually; small vessels can find more
short swell in the bay. sheltered anchorage SE of Fort Point, in depths of 3 to 4m.
Directions.—Vessels proceeding into Devgarh Harbor
2.46

2.45 Vijayadurg Harbor (Viziadrug Harbor) (16°34'N., should approach with Saddle Hill in line with the N side of the
73°20'E.) is entered between Burmana Point (16°33'N., fort on Fort Point, bearing 090°; when 1 mile from Fort Point,
73°19'E.), 24m high, and a point about 1.5 miles NNE. Burma- and when Mumbri Point bears 153°, steer 080° to pass 0.2 mile
na Reef, over which the sea breaks, extends about 0.2 mile N of Fort Point. Foul ground and depths of less than 5m extend
WNW and 0.2 mile NNW of Burmana Point. An 8.2m shoal 0.3 mile SW from the N entrance point of the harbor, and 160m
lies about 0.2 mile NW of the same point. N from Fort Point, the fairway between being about 0.3 mile
A conspicuous fort stands on a projecting rocky point, about
2.45 wide.
26m high and 0.8 mile ENE of Burmana Point. This point
forms the W side of the entrance to the Vaghotan River. The 2.47 The coast between Devgarh Harbor and Achra Point,
fort is obscured from the S by the higher land in that direction. about 12 miles SSE, is similar to the coast N of Devgarh Har-
Vijayadurg Light is shown from a white steel tower with red
2.45 bor to Vijayadurg Harbor.
horizontal bands on the NE corner of the fort. Vijayadurg, a Devgarh Hill, 95m high, lies close to the coast, about 5 miles
2.47

small village, is situated about 0.8 mile S of the light. SSE of Fort Point. Devgarh Hill has been reported to give a
Depths—Limitations.—Depths in the harbor decrease reg-
2.45 good radar response at 14 miles.
ularly from about 12m in the entrance to the E shore of the bay. Achra Point (16°12'N., 73°26'E.), 41m high, is the N en-
2.47

Depths in the fairway between the point on which the fort lies trance point of the Achra River, which is only accessible to
and a cliff, 19m high, about 0.7 mile ENE, are about 6.5m, but boats. A light is shown during good weather from the point.
decrease sharply farther within the river to 3.7m. The coast from the mouth of the Achra River to the entrance
2.47

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken anywhere in the harbor,

2.45 of Kalavali Creek, about 7 miles SSE, is sandy and fringed
according to draft, during good weather. A convenient position is with coconut palms. A range of hills of moderate height, with
about 0.5 mile NNE of Vijayardurg Light, in 8m, mud. no conspicuous peaks, about 4 miles inland, extends roughly
parallel with the coast.
Vijayadurg Harbor to Malvan Bay Kura Patches, with a least depth of 9.6m, lies about 2 miles
2.47

SSW of Achra Point.

2.46 The coast between Vijayadurg Harbor and Devgarh Kura Islet (16°06'N., 73°27'E.), 9m high and the largest of
2.47

Harbor, about 10 miles S, is fairly regular, although entered by three rocks, lies in the center of a group of rocks, about 1.3
numerous streams and creeks. Steep, abrupt cliffs are fronted miles NW of the entrance of Kalavali Creek. A 10.5m patch
by sandy beaches and coves. The land behind the cliffs is flat, lies about 2 miles NNW of Kura Islet and about 1.5 miles off-
but farther inland it rises to bare rocky hills with no vegetation shore. A 5m patch lies about 0.7 mile S of Kura Islet.
except in the rainy season.
Devgarh Harbor (16°23'N., 73°22'E.) is entered N of Fort 2.48 Malvan Bay (16°06'N., 73°28'E.) is entered between
Point, which lies at the N end of a rocky peninsula, 37m high. Fort Rajkot and Sindhudrug Janjira, about 0.5 mile S. The en-
The peninsula appears like an island, but its S end is connected trance is much encumbered by rocky shoals, and the bay is ac-

Pub. 173
76 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

cessible to shallow draft vessels but only during good weather. group.
A conspicuous radio tower, with an elevation of 220m, stands Some above-water rocks, steep-to on their N side, extend
2.50

5.5 miles ENE of Malvan Bay. about 137m NW of Karil Rock. A rock, awash, lies about 0.3
Sindhudrug Janjira is a low fortified island on the coastal
2.48 mile E of Karil Rock.
reef, which is connected to the mainland E by a drying reef. A Vengurla Rock, 44m high and conical, lies about 2.3 miles S
2.50

light is shown from the W end of the island during good weath- of Karil Rock and is the highest of the group.
er. Vengurla Rocks Light (15°53'N., 73°28'E.) is shown from
2.50

Fort Rajkot, on the N side of the entrance, has foul ground

2.48 the NW point of an islet about 0.3 mile SSW of Vengurla Rock.
extending S and SE of it. A flagstaff, 21m high, is situated at Tapti Rock, the S danger of the group, lies about 0.8 mile
2.50

the SW end of the fort. The town of Malvan is situated on the N SSW of Vengurla Rock, and consists of two rocky heads with
side of the bay almost hidden by coconut palms. less than 1.8m; it is steep-to on its S side.
Johnston Castle Rock, consisting of two rocky heads with
2.48 An islet, with a disused lighthouse near its SE extremity, lies
2.50

depths of less than 1.8m, lies about 0.4 mile W of the N end of about 0.3 mile NNW of Tapti Rock.
Sindhudrug Janjira. Vengurla Rocks have been reported to give good radar re-
2.50

Rajkot Rock, with a depth of 3.7m, lies about 0.3 mile SSW
2.48 turns at 18 miles.
of Fort Rajkot. Anchorage.—Anchorage, with good protection from NW
2.50

Range lights, in line bearing 075.5°, at the head of the bay,

2.48 winds can be obtained, in a depth of 21m, mud, 1 mile ESE of
lead through the buoyed fairway into Malvan Bay. The range the S end of Vengurla Rock.
lights and buoys are only in operation during good weather. Caution.—Between Malvan Rock and the S extremity of
2.50

Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor off the entrance to Malvan

2.48 Vengurla Rocks, except in the N end of Karil Kachal Channel,
Bay, in 15m, mud, with the N end of Sindhudrug Janjira bear- the bottom is sand and rock and there are sudden overfalls. No
ing 095°, about 0.9 mile. vessels should proceed into depths of less than 18.3m in this
Shallow draft vessels can anchor in the bay in depths of 4m,
2.48 vicinity. Karil Kachal Channel leads from seaward between
on the range line, and with a small fort, situated about 0.2 mile Chaldea Rock and Karil Rock, about 1.3 miles SSW. A depth
NE of Sindhudrug Janjira, bearing 163°. of 7.2m lies about 0.3 mile ENE of Karil Rock. A similar depth
lies about 0.3 mile S of Chaldea Rock.
Malvan Bay to Vengurla Roads Vessels coming from the N should approach this channel
2.50

with Wagh-Giri (15°53'N., 73°42'E.) bearing 105° and well

2.49 The coast is sandy between Malvan Bay and a point open S of the point on which Niuti Fort stands. When the fort
about 7 miles SSE, on which is situated the ruins of Niuti Fort. bears 093°, steer through the fairway on that bearing which
Then to Vengurla Point, about 8 miles farther SE, the coast leads N of Karil Rock, in charted depths of about 9.6m.
forms a bight with several rocky capes and sandy bays. When Vengurla Rock bears more than 186°, a vessel will be
2.50

A prominent hill, 159m high, lies about 2 miles N of Niuti

2.49 E of the rock awash lying E of Karil Rock. Course may then be
Fort. Bhubra Rock, awash, lies about 0.3 mile SW of the fort; gradually altered SE to pass SW of Bhubra Rock, and then to
the rock is marked SW by a buoy, which is unreliable, and in Vengurla Roads.
position only during good weather. Vessels should not use this channel at night, but should pass
2.50

Malvan Rock (16°02'N., 73°26'E.), with a swept depth of

2.49 W of Vengurla Rocks in depths of 31 to 37m.
2.5m, lies about 1.5 miles WSW of Sindhudrug Janjira.
Caution.—When passing Malvan Rock at night Vengurla
2.49 2.51 Vengurla Roads (15°51'N., 73°37'E.) lies S and SW
Rocks Light (15°53'N., 73°28'E.) should not be brought to bear of Vengurla Point, 79m high. Vengurla Point Light is shown
more than 158°, nor should a vessel approaching this rock pro- from a hexagonal masonry tower on the point; a flagstaff
ceed into depths of less 27m. stands on the point.
Mandel Rock, 7m high, about 1 mile S of Sindhudrug Janji-
2.49 Wagh-Giri, a conspicuous wooded mountain, 322m high,
2.51

ra, lies at the W edge of a group of shoals, some of which are lies about 5 miles ENE of Vengurla Point.
awash. There are detached shoal patches, with depths of less Tides—Currents.—Currents between Vengurla Point and
2.51

than 5.5m, about 0.7 mile SSE and SW and nearly 0.9 mile the N entrance to Karil Kachal Channel set N on the flood cur-
WSW of Mandel Rock. rent and S on the ebb, with a velocity of about 1 knot in spring
tides.
2.50 Square Rock (15°59'N., 73°27'E.), 11m high, lies Depths—Limitations.—Berthing details are shown in the
2.51

about 4.3 miles NW of Niuti Fort, and provides a useful mark table titled Vengurla—Berth Information.
to avoid the dangers N and S of it, and the foul ground extend-
ing E of it to the coast. A 6.4m patch lies about 0.8 mile SSW Vengurla—Berth Information
of the rock.
Chaldea Rock, awash, lies about 2.5 miles WNW of Niuti Berth Depth
2.50
Berth Remarks
Fort; it lies at the S end of foul ground between it and the shore Length Alongside
NE. A buoy is moored about 0.5 mile WSW of the rock during Dry Berth
good weather.
Coastal Berth 42m 1.2m —
Vengurla Rocks (Burnt Island) is a group of islets and rocks
2.50

in dangerous foul ground extending about 3 miles S of Karil

Rock (15°56'N., 73°28'E.), which is 14m high and the N of the 2.51 Anchorage.—Large vessels can anchor, in 10m, with the

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 77

flagstaff on Vengurla Point bearing 036°, distant 1 mile, or 7. IMO number.

closer inshore, in similar depths on the same bearing with the 8. Call sign.
flagstaff distant about 0.4 mile. 9. Arrival draft and if loaded or if empty.
Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in about 4m,
2.51 10. Cargo to be loaded.
in the bight on the E side of Vengurla Point. 11. Location.
Caution.—South West Point Rock, with a least depth of
2.51 Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Port Redi; the Brief
2.52

1.2m, and marked SW by a buoy, lies about 0.3 mile W of Ven- System is used. Further information on these storm signals
gurla Point. may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
South Rock, with a depth of 3.2m, lies about 0.4 mile S of
2.51 South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—
Vengurla Point; shoal patches lie W and SW of it. A buoy, Signals.”
moored about 229m NW of South Rock, marks these dangers. Contact Information.—See the table titled Port Redi—
2.52

East Rock, with a depth of 1.8m, and marked W by a buoy,

2.51 Contact Information.
lies about 0.3 mile SE of Vengurla Point.
A wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 16.5 miles W of Vengur-
2.51

Port Redi—Contact Information

la Roads.
Port Office
Vengurla Roads to Marmagao Bay Call sign Redi Port
2.52 Machlimar Point, 85m high, lies about 3.5 miles SSE VHF VHF channel 16
of Vengurla Point. The entrance of the Talavda River lies about Telephone 91-2366-268-590
1 mile SSE of the point.
Port Redi (15°45'N., 73°39'E.) is an open roadstead off Redi Facsimile 91-2366-268-591
Point. Vessels load ore at the anchorage from lighters working E-mail info@[Link]
to jetties near the ore mines. The port is protected from N
Web site [Link]
winds and currents by cliffs which almost encircle it. It is
closed during the Southwest Monsoon from mid-September to Port Head Office Munbai (Bombay)
mid-May.
91-2222-832-017
Redi Point is a flat rocky projection, 15m high at its W end.
2.52
Telephone
Redi Rock (Rairi Rock), 11m high, lies about 1 mile S of the 91-2222-831-968
point, at the S end of foul ground extending W and SSW of the 91-2222-843-250
point. Redi Fort (Rairi Fort), with an elevation of 34m, stands Facsimile
about 1 mile NE of Redi Point. 91-2222-872-696
Depths—Limitations.—Berthing details are shown in the
2.52
E-mail ej@[Link]
table titled Port Redi—Berth Information
Web site [Link]
Port Redi—Berth Information Pilots
Berth Maximum Call sign VHF channels 15 and 16
Berth Remarks
Length Size
Redi Port Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in about 13m, off
2.52

Redi Rock by vessels loading ore and in 9.1m, mud, about 0.8
Iron ore and tranship-
2A 60m 1,000 dwt mile SE of Havelock Rock.
ment.
The Terekhol River (Tirakul River), about 2.5 miles SE of
2.52

Iron ore and tranship- Redi Point, is fronted by a bar with depths of about 2.5m, but
2B 60m 1,000 dwt
ment. subject to change. Terekhol Fort lies on the brow of a hill on
the N side of the river entrance.
Pilotage.—Pilotage at Port Redi is not compulsory.
2.52
Havelock Rock, a sharp pinnacle awash, lies about 2 miles
2.52

The pilot boards in the general anchorage area about 2 miles

2.52
W of the river entrance. Another rock, awash, lies nearly 0.5
W of Redi Point; vessels should anchor here to wait for the pi- mile farther ENE.
lot. Port authority is exercised by the Port Officer, who also Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies in approximate position
2.52

acts as pilot. 15°46.8'N, 73°36.3'E, while a wreck with a swept depth of

Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the Redi
2.52
10m lies in 15°45.9'N, 73°36.9'E.
Port Office 72 hours and 48 hours prior to arrival. The follow-
ing information should be included: Chapora Fort (15°36'N., 73°44'E.), about 7 miles SSE of
2.52

1. Vessel name. the Terekhol River, is easily identified by its black walls, and
2. Flag. stands on a high bluff on the S side of the entrance of the
3. Last port of call. Chapora River.
4. Next port of call. A conspicuous church is situated on Baga Point, about 2.5
2.52

5. Gross tons, net tons, and dwt. miles farther S.

6. Port of registry. Aguada Bay (15°29'N., 73°47'E.), entered between Aguada

Pub. 173
78 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

and Kabo Rajniwas, about 1.8 miles SSE, affords anchorage to tower, with an elevation of 82m, is situated about 0.5 mile far-
moderate-sized vessels during the Northeast Monsoon. The ther SE.
bay is free from dangers, but strong W winds produce a heavy Range lights, in line bearing 053.9°, lead close W of Outer
2.53

swell. Patches and across the bar at the entrance to the Mandavi Riv-
er. Range lights shown at Tejo and bearing astern 191.2°'' lead
2.53 Panaji (15°30'N., 73°49'E.) (World Port Index No. through the channel W of Raij Sand. These lights are extin-
48960), the capital and seat of government of the State of Goa, guished during the Southwest Monsoon when the bar is closed
Daman, and Diu, is situated on the S bank of the Mandavi Riv- to navigation.
er, which enters the head of the bay. The city is well built, with Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory in the Mandavi River as
2.53

prominent buildings along the waterfront. A bridge spans the well as for vessels proceeding to the inland portions of the
river at the E end of the city. Mandavi River and the Zuvari River. Local pilots may be en-
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Panaji is 2.3m at
2.53 gaged by contacting the Captain of the Port, Panaji.
MHWS and 2.06m at MHWN. Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the Port
2.53

The ebb current sets strongly out of the Mandavi River, but is
2.53 Captain 4 days, 3 days, 48 hours, and 24 hours prior to arrival.
weak at the anchorage off Aguada, where the flood current is Panaji is a fair weather anchorage port making any cargo op-
2.53

barely perceptible. erations worked from anchorages impossible during the Sum-
Depths—Limitations.—Depths in the entrance of Aguada
2.53 mer Monsoon period (about May 15 through September 15).
Bay are about 7.6m, decreasing gradually to the head of the Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Panaji and the Brief
2.53

bay. System is used. Further information on these storm signals

Outer Patches, with a least depth of 0.9m, lies about 0.8 mile
2.53 may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
W of Cabo Rajniwas. South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
The bar of the Mandavi River, which is subject to frequent
2.53 nals.”
change, has a depth of 2.1m during good weather. During the Contact Information.—See the table titled Panaji—Con-
2.53

Southwest Monsoon, heavy breakers extend across the en- tact Information.
trance and render it impassable. The port’s hours of operation are 0930 to 1745.
2.53

The main channel, less than 183m wide, lies between sand
2.53 Anchorage.—During good weather large vessels can anchor
2.53

banks extending about 0.9 mile SW of Raij Magus, the N en- in about 14m, mud, about 2 miles W of Aguada.
trance point of the river, and about 0.5 mile SW from Gaspar
Dias, the S entrance point of the river. Raij Magus Light is
Panaji—Contact Information
shown from mid-August to mid-June from a white round tower
0.3 mile NNE of Raij Magus Point. Port Office
In 1987, a shoal depth of 2m existed about 0.5 mile SW of
2.53

VHF VHF channels 16 and 74

Gasper Dias.
Raij Sand, which dries, lies in the fairway W of Panaji.
2.53
91-8322-225-070
The dangers in the channel are not marked.
2.53
Telephone 91-8322-420-580
Most cargo is worked from anchorage.
2.53

The port has a jetty, 92m long, with an alongside depth of

2.53
91-8322-420-579
4.3m. There is a pier for inspections and surveys of barges and 91-8322-420-582
small craft up to 75m in length and a beam of 15m can be ac- Facsimile
commodated. 91-8322-421-483
Aspect.—Aguada is a bold bluff headland, 80m high, which
2.53
Port Captain
appears from seaward to have a flat summit. The headland is
91-9225-905-926 (mobile)
fortified on its N side; a fort with a flagstaff lies on its S side, Telephone
with a disused white round tower. 91-9890-331-573 (mobile)
Aguada Light is shown from a white rectangular tower close
2.53

E-mail captainofports@[Link]
N of the fort; a tower lies close SE in the N part of the fort. A
racon is situated at the light. Another light is shown about
183m S of the tower. Vessels of moderate size can anchor, in 6.4m, mud, with
2.53

A chapel, with an elevation of 74m, stands about 0.5 mile E

2.53 Aguada Fort Light bearing 333°, distant 1 mile.
of Aguada Fort Light. Caution.—Vessels approaching from the N should give the
2.53

The coast close N of Aguada is low and a heavy surf always

2.53 W extremity of Aguada a berth of at least 1 mile.
runs along the foreshore. Vessels approaching from the S should take care to avoid the
2.53

Kandoli Hill (Condolim Hill), about 2 miles N of Aguada, is

2.53 dangers in the entrance to Marmagao Bay and the foul ground
easily recognized by three conspicuous banyan trees, with an extending W from Kabo Point.
elevation of 101m, which lie on it.
Kabo Point, at the W extremity of the island of Goa, is a
2.53
Marmagao (Mormugao) (15°26'N., 73°48'E.)
prominent headland, 55m high. A conspicuous church spire is
situated near the seaward end of the headland. World Port Index No. 48970
A group of radio masts, with an elevation of 86m, stand near
2.53

the summit of Panaji Hill, S of Panaji. A conspicuous water 2.54 Marmagao Bay is entered between Mormugao Head

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 79

and Kabo Point, previously described with Aguada Bay in days to a week and decrease in strength from sunset to sunrise.
paragraph 2.53, about 3 miles N. The entrance to the bay is en- However, it has been cautioned by the local authorities that the
cumbered with shoals. The Grande Islands lie in the S ap- weather deteriorates without warning.
proach to the bay. Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Marmagao is 2.3m at
2.54

Marmagao is one of the oldest ports on the west coast of In-

2.54 MHWS and 1.6m at MHWN.
dia, protected by a breakwater as well as a mole constructed E Tidal currents in the outer anchorage off Marmagao Bay are
2.54

of the seaward end of the breakwater. The port lies on the N weak.
side by Marmagao Head. It is the leader in exporting iron ore Depths—Limitations.—The port is approached through a
2.54

in India as well as manganese ore and alumina. Imports include dredged channel entered between Lighted Buoy No. 1 and
petroleum products, chemicals, other general cargo and a Lighted Buoy No. 2, moored 2 miles W of Marmagao Point.
growing container trade. The channel, which leads to the inner anchorage and the berth-
ing area, is about 4.6 miles long and 250m wide. The channel
Port Authority of Marmagao has been dredged to a depth of 14.4m (2004). Dredged depths
may change due to silting; mariners are advised to contact the
[Link] local authorities for the latest information.
Turning circles, as seen on the chart, have been established
2.54

Winds—Weather.—Occasional strong NE winds from

2.54
within the port, as follows:
about the middle of February to the end of March cause a 1. No. 1, with a maintained depth of 14.1m.
heavy swell in Marmagao Bay. These winds usually last from 3 2. No. 2, with a maintained depth of 13.1m.

Marmagao Bay—Berth Information

Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside Draft LOA
Adani Mormugao Port Terminal (AMPTPL)
No. 07 300m 14.5m 14.5m 280m Coal and bunkers.
JSW South West Port
No. 05 210m — 14.1m 200m Coal, iron ore, breakbulk, bunkers and steel products.
No. 06 240m — 14.1m 240m Continuous berthing length of 450m.
Mooring Dolphin Berths
No. 1 & 2 — 14.1m — 225m Berthing length of 340m (including dolphins).
No. 2 & 3 — 14.1m — 225m Berthing length of 340m (including dolphins).
No. 3 & 4 — 14.1m — 225m Berthing length of 340m (including dolphins).
No. 4 & 5 — 14.1m — 225m Berthing length of 340m (including dolphins).
No. 5 & 6 — 14.1m — 225m Berthing length of 340m (including dolphins).
Mormugao Cruise Terminal
Cruise
450m 9.5m — 294m Cruise vessels and bunkers.
Berth
Mole Berth 250m 9.5m — 293m Cruise vessels and bunkers.
Mormugao Ore
No. 09 — 14.1m 14.0m 335m Iron ore and bunkers.
Mormugao Port Trust
No. 10 250m 13.1m 11.4m 215m Chemicals, dirty products, containers, breakbulk, ag-
gregates, steel products, and bunkers. Continuous
No. 11 270m 13.1m 12.8m 225m berthing length of 520m.
IOCL Terminal
Oil Berth Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products, condensate,
50m 13.1m 11.5m 260m
No. 8 dirty products, LPG, bunkers, and vegetable oils.

Pub. 173
80 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Vessels up to 70,000 dwt, with a maximum draft of 12m, can

2.54 ground.
berth alongside. Vessels up to 275,000 dwt can be The S side of Marmagao Bay is bold and rocky, rising to the
2.54

accommodated in midstream. tableland of Marmagao Head.

The port authority applies an underkeel clearance of 1.2m
2.54 The N shore of the bay between Kabo Point and Nazaret
2.54

and a swell allowance of 0.5m. During the Southwest Monsoon Point, about 4.5 miles ESE, consists of alternating stretches of
period a higher swell allowance is used. sand and rock. The land within is covered with jungle and rises
A quay extends 1.5 miles E and SE from the root of the
2.54 to an elevation of 45m.
breakwater and affords ten numbered berths, including berths A radio mast, with an elevation of 175m, is conspicuous
2.54

for tankers and ore carriers at its SE end. about 2 miles NNW of Nazaret Point.
Limitations at these berths are given in the accompanying ta-
2.54 A conspicuous water tower, with an elevation of 94m, is situ-
2.54

ble titled Marmagao Bay—Berthing Limitations. ated about 0.4 mile SE of Marmagao Point.
Draft limitations for the these berths are subject to frequent
2.54 North Head Breakwater Light is shown from a white con-
2.54

change in conjunction with the state of tide, underkeel clearance, crete tower at the N point of the breakwater.
prevailing sea, and weather conditions. Details of changes can be A mole extends E about 0.1 mile from E side of the breakwa-
2.54

obtained from the local pilot or the Port Officer. ter; Breakwater East Head Light is shown from a squat mason-
A cruise berth is located on the E side of the breakwater.
2.54 ry tower at the head of the mole.
Night navigation is permitted only during the fair season
2.54 St George’s Islands (15°23'N., 73°47'E.) consists of three is-
2.54

(mid-September to the end of May), but there are still restric- lands between 1.5 and 2.5 miles SSW of Marmagao Head.
tions placed on vessels working at Berths 9, 10, and 11. De- Grande Island is the collective name of the two S islands of the
tailed information should be obtained from the Harbor Master group, which are connected by a narrow reef of rock and shin-
if this is applicable. gle. The W of the two islands, 76m high and conical, is bold,
A floating dock extends NE from Berth No. 1. A breakwater
2.54 rocky, and covered with trees towards its summit. The E island
extends NE from between Berth No. 2 and Berth No. 3. Both rises to a 76m summit at its E end, which, with the N side of
structures are best seen on the chart. the island, is covered with jungle. Sail Rock, lies close SSW of
Vessels requiring to top-off to their seasonal mark may be
2.54 the E most Grande Island and remains uncovered to a height of
permitted W of the breakwater during fair weather season. 13m with a wreck next to a reef that covers and uncovers to
Several mooring buoys are situated E and SE of the head of
2.54 1.5m close NE.
the mole. Five finger piers for small vessels and barges lie Pikene Island, the third island of the St George’s group, is
2.54

within 0.2 mile SE of the Berth No. 9. In the harbor there are about 61m high and lies about 1.5 miles NE of Grande Island.
six mooring dolphins for working cargo in stream. This circular island is flat-topped, precipitous, and covered
A 5m patch lies about 0.5 mile NE of the E end of the island;
2.54 with trees.
other patches, with depths of 3.9m, lie 0.7 mile N and 0.6 mile
NNW of the same position.
Saint George’s Reef lies about 0.3 mile E of Grande Island.
2.54

Sail Rock, 13m high, lies about 0.5 mile S of the W end of
2.54

Grande Island; this pillar rock can easily be mistaken for a sail.
Saint George’s Bank, with a least depth of 8.3m, lies about
2.54

0.7 mile WNW of Grande Island.

Martha Patches, a group of rocky shoals with a least depth of
2.54

5.6m, lie about 1 mile N of Grande Island.

Marmagao Rocks, with a least depth of 6.7m, lie about 0.5
2.54

mile N of Marmagao Point and are marked on their S side by

Lighted Channel Buoy No. 6.
A 9.6m patch and a 9.4m patch lie about 0.6 mile NNW and
2.54

0.35 mile W of Marmagao Point, respectively.

Amee Shoals, close N of Marmagao Rocks and lying in the
2.54

middle of the entrance to Marmagao Bay, is a group of shoals

and an obstruction with a least depth of 0.3m.
Sunchi Reefs lie about 1 mile SW of Cabo Rajniwas. Mariv-
2.54 2.54 North Head Breakwater Light
el Patches, with a least depth of 0.4m, lie close NE.
Kambariam Islet (Buffalo Rock), 6m high, lies about 1 mile
2.54 Grande Island Light is shown from a four-sided metal tower
2.54

SW of Marmagao Point, the NW extremity of Marmagao on the summit of the W island. In 1974, an obstruction was re-
Head. Foul ground extends about 0.2 mile N of the islet. ported 1.5 miles WSW of Grande Island Light. A prohibited
Sawyer Patches, with depths of 4.9m, lie about 0.5 mile N of
2.54 anchorage projects 1.8 miles W and 1 mile S from the W end
Kambariam Islet. of Grande Island.
It has been reported that dredging is in progress (2016) to ac-
2.54 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels should send, via
2.54

commodate vessels with a draft of 18m. their agent, a request for pilotage, at least 48 hours in advance.
Aspect.—Marmagao Head (15°24'N., 73°48'E.), about
2.54 Vessels awaiting a pilot may anchor, in about 13m, mud,
2.54

61m high, is a tableland peninsula with steep sides, especially about 2 miles WNW of Marmagao Point.
W. It is connected to the mainland SE by a narrow neck of low The pilot boards about 0.9 mile W of Lighted Buoy No. 1
2.54

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 81

and Lighted Buoy No. 2. In bad weather, the pilot will guide Marmagao—Contact Information
the vessel from the pilot vessel until boarding is possible.
Pilotage is available 24 hours during the fair weather season 91-8322-594-747
Telephone
2.54

(September to May), but is not available at night during the 91-8322-594-337

Southwest Monsoon (June to September). During these times,
vessels are guided up to the breakwater by the pilot launch and Contact Information.—See the table titled Marmagao—
2.54

with assistance from the VTMS. Contact Information.

Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA, via their
2.54

Anchorage.—Outer anchorage areas, best seen on the chart,

2.54

agent, 48 hours, and 24 hours in advance. have been established off Marmagao Head, as follows:
A Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) controls traf-
2.54

1. Anchorage Area A (Waiting Area)—2.6 miles NW.

fic to the approaches to Marmagao Harbor. Vessels should con- 2. Anchorage Area B (Waiting Area),—4 miles WNW.
tact Marmagao VTMS Center on VHF channel 16 (call sign: 3. Anchorage Area C (Deep Draft Vessels)—5.5 miles
Goa Port) when within 2 hours prior to arrival or no less than a WNW.
radius of 12 miles from the breakwater. 4. Examination Anchorage—3 miles WSW.
Vessels at anchor should maintain a continuous listening
2.54

Smaller vessels can anchor, in about 10m, about 0.1 mile

2.54

watch on VHF channel 16. ESE of Marmagao Head.

Signals.—The quarantine signal of the International Code of
2.54

Anchorage can be taken in Marmagao Bay, in 7m, about 0.6

2.54

Signals must be shown by all vessels entering the port, and mile NE of the head of the breakwater.
kept flying until pratique has been granted. The health official A wreck lies in the S part of Anchorage C in position
2.54

boards either at the anchorage or alongside the quay. Radio 15°25.3'N, 73°41.6'E.
pratique may be granted. Anchorage is prohibited between Searle Patch (15°27'N.,
2.54

A signal station is near the NW extremity of Marmagao

2.54

73°48'E.) and Amee Shoals, 1 mile SW.

Head. Storm signals are displayed from a flagstaff; the General Anchorage is also prohibited off the W end of Grande Island
2.54

System is used. Further information on these storm signals (15°21'N., 73°46'E.) and about 0.5 mile and 1.5 miles SE of
may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) Pikene Island (15°23'N., 73°48'E.).
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig- Directions.—Vessels bound for Marmagao Bay from the S
2.54

nals.” should pass about 2 miles W of Grande Island and about 1 mile
W of Kambariam Islet, then steer NE to enter the buoyed chan-
Marmagao—Contact Information nel.
Port Vessels approaching from N should steer to pass about 2
2.54

Call sign Marmagao Port miles W of Aguada Head (15°29'N., 73°46'E.), then keep
Kambariam Islet in range with the E end of Grande Island,
VHF VHF channels 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16
bearing 168°; this leads W of all dangers in the entrance to
Telephone 91-8322-520-184 Marmagao Bay.
91-8322-520-184 Caution.—At night do not proceed into depths less than
2.54

13m when between Aguada Head and the Saint George’s Is-
Facsimile 91-8322-521-105 lands.
91-8322-521-155 The sea breaks heavily on the dangers in the entrance during
2.54

the Southwest Monsoon.

E-mail mptgoa@[Link] During the Southwest Monsoon, in presence of heavy swell
2.54

Web site [Link] at the approach to the port, good steerage should be maintained
while rounding the breakwater to avoid being set E; ensure
Port Health Office there is sufficient underkeel clearance to allow for the swell
Facsimile 91-8322-512-213 and maneuvering.
A spoil ground lies 2 miles WNW of Marmagao Point be-
2.54

Signal Station tween Anchorage Area A and Anchorage Area B, as seen on

91-8322-594-807 the chart.
Telephone Submarine Exercise Areas are centered 30 miles and 45
2.54

91-8322-522-868
miles W and 20 miles SW of Marmagao Head.
Adani Terminal A channel, marked by lighted and unlighted buoys, leads S
2.54

of the spoil ground and N of Marmagao Head to the harbor.

Telephone 91-8322-594-253
Facsimile 91-8322-520-115 Marmagao Bay to Cape Rama
Web site [Link]
2.55 The coast between Cola Bay (15°22'N., 73°53'E.) and
Pilots the Sal River, about 14 miles SSE, consists of low cultivated
Call sign Goa Port land with several churches on small hills.
Anchorage, sheltered from NW winds, can be taken, in a
2.55

VHF VHF channels 14 and 16 depth of about 7m, in Cola Bay.

Pub. 173
82 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

The Sal River, entered close N of Betul Point (15°08'N.,

2.55 miles SW. Two rock patches, each drying 1.2m, lie about 0.1
73°57'E.), may only be used by small vessels and local knowl- mile and 0.3 mile, respectively, SW of Canaguinim Point.
edge is required. Cargo is handled by lighters from the wharf at Cliffs, about 38m high, lie on the E half of the bay. A rocky is-
Betul, on the S side of the river entrance. A light, 15m in height, let, 0.9m high, lies at the head of the bay.
stands about 1 mile NE of Betul Point. Anchorage can be taken, in 9.1m, 0.5 mile NNE of Moliem
2.55

Chandreshwar Bhutnath Temple stands on a hill, with an ele-

2.55 Point.
vation of 349m, about 7 miles NE of the entrance to the Sal
River. Rama Bay lies between Moliem Point and Cape Rama, about
2.55

Anchorage can be obtained, in about 10m, mud, from 1.3 to

2.55 1.3 miles SSW. Cliffs at the head of the bay rise to elevations
2.3 miles W of Betul Point. of 40 to 61m. A small islet lies close W of Moliem Point.
Canaguinim Bay is entered between Canaguinim Point,
2.55 Anchorage can be obtained, in about 11m, mud, 0.5 mile
2.55

about 1 mile SW of Betul Point, and Moliem Point, about 2 NNE of Cape Rama.

Pub. 173
 83
3.
Sector 3—India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

3.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 3 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 85

SECTOR 3
INDIA—WEST COAST—CAPE RAMA TO CAPE COMORIN

Plan.—This sector describes the W coast of India from Cape

3.0 and the channels are subject to frequent change.
Rama to Cape Comorin. The arrangement of the sector is from
N to S. 3.4 Karwar (14°49'N., 74°07'E.) (World Port Index No.
48990) is a lighterage port on the SE side of Karwar Bay.
General Remarks 3.4Tides—Currents.—The average maximum tide rise is 1.6m
MHWS and 0.7m at MHWN.
3.1 The Western Ghats continue parallel to the coast at Depths—Limitations.—A channel, about 2.5 miles long,
distances of 5 to 25 miles inland. These mountains have gener- 150m wide, and dredged to a minimum depth of 10.0m to as
al heights of 750 to 900m, and attain heights of 1,800m. Pal- deep as 10.7m, leads to the Baitkal Cove, where the alongside
ghat Gap, a striking feature on this coast, lies between the wharf facilities for Karwar are located. The channel is marked
parallels of 10°52'N and 10°35'N. This break in the Western by lighted buoys and a range light. A turning circle dredged to
Ghats is about 16 miles wide; its S side is formed by Kollen- a depth of at least 10m lies at the junction between the ap-
gode Bluff, which lies about 48 miles NE of Kochi (Cochin) at proach channel and Baitkal Cove.
the NW end of the Anaimalai Hills. North of Palghat Gap, gen- On the SE side of Baitkal Cove is a quay, 560m long, divided
tle slopes and gradually widening valleys succeed the forest- into two berths. One berth, 355m in length, can accommodate
clad uplands, until near the coast, where the low tablelands two vessels with a maximum draft of 9.75m; the other berth is
shelve into rice plains and backwaters fringed with coconut a lighterage wharf, 205m in length, dredged to a depth of 2.5m
palms. South of the gap is an extensive hill area, which in- alongside. A stone masonry wharf, nearly 244m in length with
cludes some mountains, almost detached and precipitous on an alongside depth of 2.5m, is located in the NW side of Bait-
their W sides, which are connected with lower hills diminish- kal Cove. A port expansion project is in progress (2016) with
ing in height towards the coast. The coastal belt, extending construction of new jetties.
about 10 miles inland, is flat and covered with an almost un- Aspect.—Loliem Point (Lolien Point) (14°55'N., 74°03'E.),
broken belt of coconut and areca palms; high white sand dunes in the N approach to Karwar, attains an elevation of 175m
and areas of red sand along the coast form good landmarks. about 0.2 mile inland, and is steep, rocky, and well-wooded.
Tortuous rivers flowing into lagoons and backwaters are con- Loliem Rocks, awash at LW springs, lie about 1 mile S of Lo-
nected in places by canals and, between Alappuzha (Alleppey) liem Point; a rock, with less than 1.8m over it, lies about 0.2
and Ponnani, 85 miles NNW, form a continuous line of smooth mile N of the rock. Black Rock (Kumbae), 19m high and
water. fringed with rocks, lies about 1.8 miles SE of Loliem Point.
Kangiguda Island, 51m high, lies about 4 miles SE of Loliem
Cape Rama to Karwar Bay Point and about 0.2 mile offshore.
3.4Oyster Rocks (14°49'N., 74°04'E.) consist of a prominent
3.2 Cape Rama (15°05'N., 73°55'E.) projects 1 mile W group of islands and rocks. Devgad Island (Devgadgudda Is-
from Rama False Bluff, which rises abruptly E of the tableland land), 44m high to the tops of the trees, is the largest and high-
of Cape Rama to a height of about 200m. The land then rises est island; it is bold, rocky, and steep-to on its W side.
gradually E in a succession of hills for a distance of 4 miles 3.4Oyster Rocks Light, with a racon, is shown from a red round
and terminates in East Peak, 448m high. Kankon Peak (Kana- masonry structure, with white bands and a white cupola, on the
kona Peak), 646m high, about 9 miles ESE of Cape Rama, is summit of Devgad Island.
the W summit of a range of hills extending E, and is separated Kurmagad Island (Kurmagadgudda Island), encircled by for-
from East Peak by a gap. tifications and with its summit rising to a height of 60m, lies
3.2Cape Rama is prominent and has a fort on it, but during the about 2.5 miles N of Karwar Head. The island is surrounded by
thick weather of the Southwest Monsoon, no part of this coast foul water, but there is a safe narrow channel, with charted
is visible for more than 4 or 5 miles. Good radar returns have depths of about 7m, between Kurmagad Island and Sunghiri Is-
been reported from Cape Rama at 16 miles. Pandigat Point land (Shimishgudda Island), 31m high, about 0.2 mile SW.
(Paidegal Point), about 5.5 miles SE of Cape Rama, is a steep 3.4Mandal Island (Mandelgudda Island), 26m high, lies about
projecting headland rising to an height of 192m; a village is sit- 0.2 mile SW of Devgad Island; a 5.2m patch lies about 183m E
uated on its N side. Kankon Islet, fringed by a reef, lies about 2 of the island.
miles farther SE. 3.4Karkal Island (Karkaigudda Island), 33m high and covered
with jungle, lies close E of Devgad Island. East Island, a bare
3.3 Karwar Bay (14°49'N. 74°06'E.) is entered between rock, 9m high, lies about 0.3 mile farther E. A 0.3m patch lies
Dayamada Point, the N entrance point of Kalinadi Creek, and between Karkal Island and East Island.
Badchidhar Point (14°48'N., 74°06'E.), the NW extremity of 3.4A rock, which dries 1.2m, lies close E of East Island; the sea
Karwar Head, about 2.8 miles SSW. Karwar Head, with an ele- breaks over this rock at HW. A detached shoal, with a depth of
vation of 207m, is covered with dense jungle. The entrance 2m lies close SE of this rock.
leading to Kalinadi Creek is much encumbered by sand banks 3.4Parker Rock, with a least depth of 4.7m, rock, sand, and

Pub. 173
86 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

At night, steer for Port Karwar Light, bearing 124°, if pro-

3.4

ceeding to the inner anchorage.

The E end of Mogeragudda Island in range with the W end
3.4

of Anjadip Island bearing 154°, barely leads clear of, by less

than 0.2 mile, the dangers E of Oyster Rocks.

Karwar—Contact Information
Port
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
Telephone 91-8382-221-342
Facsimile 91-8382-221-528
E-mail portofkrw@[Link]
Web site [Link]
Tugs
Call sign Karwar Port
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16

3.4If approaching from S, pass between Oyster Rocks and Kar-

war Head. The summits of Kurmagadgudda Island and Ramna-
thguda, in range bearing 036°, lead clear of the dangers E of
Oyster Rocks; a white framework tower stands on the summit
Oyster Rocks Light of the island.
3.4Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, anchorage
shell, lies about 2.5 miles NW of Devgad Island. A detached can be obtained NE of Karkal Island (Karkaigudda Island), in
10m patch lies close E of the rock. 10m, soft mud, with Oyster Island Light bearing 248°, distant
3.4A breakwater, 250m in length, lies close S of the end of the about 0.8 mile.
approach channel. 3.4The principal anchorage for working cargo (October-April)
3.4Guddehalli Betta (Godhulli Peak) (14°47'N., 74°10'E.), is in the SE portion of Karwar Bay (14°49'N., 74°06.3'E.), in a
550m high and conspicuous, lies about 4 miles WSW of Kar- depth of about 7m, soft mud.
war Head; with the adjacent summit, appears from the S as a 3.4Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor near the head
saddle-backed hill. of Baitkal Cove, in a depth of 2.7m.
3.4Mogeragudda Island and Gudsar Sunv (Karwar Rock) are 3.4Two anchorage areas established S of Oyster Rocks and are
described in paragraph 3.5. bounded by lines joining the following positions:
Range lights N of Karwar Head, in line bearing 090.5°, lead 1. Area 1
through the dredged channel to Karwar. The initial range is a. 14°50.4'N, 74°03.8'E.
picked up between Oyster Rocks and Karwar Head. b. 14°50.4'N, 74°04.3'E.
3.4A radar tower, as seen on the chart, stands about 1 mile SE of c. 14°49.9'N, 74°04.3'E.
Kelaginakeri. d. 14°49.9'N, 74°03.8'E.
3.4Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and available 24 hours. 2. Area 2
Pilots are contacted on VHF channels 10, 12, and 16. a. 14°48.5'N, 74°03.6'E.
3.4Pilots board in 14°48.6'N, 74°04.0'E. b. 14°48.5'N, 74°04.2'E.
3.4Regulations.—Cargo operations at the anchorage are sus- c. 14°47.9'N, 74°04.2'E.
pended during the Southwest Monsoon period (May-Septem- d. 14°47.9'N, 74°03.6'E.
ber.) Baitkal Cove provides year-round all-weather operations.
3.4The vessel should send its ETA 48 hours in advance. Karwar Bay to Honavar
3.4Contact Information.—See the table titled Karwar—Con-
tact Information. 3.5 Mogeragudda Island (14°48'N., 74°05'E.), 56m
3.4Directions.—Vessels approaching or entering Karwar Bay, high, rocky, and covered with jungle, lies about 0.5 mile SW of
either by day or night, should have no difficulty after having Karwar Head. A 4.3m patch lies about 0.3 mile SSW of the is-
made Oyster Rocks Light. land. Gudsar Sunv (Karwar Rock), with a least depth of 2.4m,
3.4Approaching from N, pass on either side of Sunghiri Island lies about 0.5 mile WNW of Mogeragudda Island. The channel
(Shimishgudda Island) according to draft. between Mogeragudda Island and Karwar Head is free from
3.4The SW extremity of Kurmagad Island (Kurmagagudda Is- dangers, with a least charted depth of 7.6m in the fairway.
land), bearing 131° in range with Guddehalli Betta, leads SW Golikodlu Peak, a sharp peak 547m high, lies about 3 miles
of Loliem Rock. E of Guddehalli Betta.

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 87

Anjadip Island (Angediva Island) (14°45'N., 74°07'E.), in 474m high and prominent from S and W, lies about 3.5 miles
the S approach to Karwar, lies about 3 miles S of Karwar Head. ENE of Kwada Point, at the SW end of a range which rises
A flagstaff lies at an elevation of 72m near the NW end of the near the coast N of Belekeri Creek.
island, with a church close ENE of it. A shoal patch, with a 3.7Dauglish Peak, 610m high, about 3 miles farther NE, is the
least depth of 3.2m and marked close E by a buoy, lies about summit of the range. Aversa Hills, about 1.5 miles SE of
0.2 mile SE of the SE extremity of the island. Round Island, Belekeri Hill, has two conspicuous peaks, the higher being
19m high and fringed by reef, lies about 0.7 mile ENE of the 125m high. Kandani Halla, a low valley terminating in a creek
same extremity. ENE of Belekeri Point, extends NE for several miles and shows
3.5The island forms a good breakwater and vessels have ridden in striking contrast to the high land on either side. Tulsi Parwat,
out the Southwest Monsoon here. A strong current sets SE a conspicuous black peak 521m high, lies about 6.5 miles NE
during this season. of Kusuldiva Gudda. Conical Hill, 374m high and cone-
3.5Caution.—A submarine pipeline is laid from a position shaped, lies about 2 miles NW of Tulsi Parwat.
ashore between Binaga Point and Baitkal Point, in a SW direc- 3.7Kusuldiva Gudda (14°38'N., 74°16'E.) is a table-topped hill
tion for about 0.5 mile, then for 1.5 miles in a WSW direction. 46m high; cliffs extend about 1.8 miles SE to the N entrance of
Vessels are advised to avoid anchoring in the vicinity. the Gangavali River. A rock, 3m high, lies about 0.5 mile N of
Kusuldiva Gudda.
3.6 Karwar Naval Harbor (14°46'N., 74°08'E.) lies be- 3.7Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory but is available on ap-
tween Binaga Point and Arge Cape, 2.5 miles SE. A restricted plication to the Port Officer at Karwar.
area, into which entry is prohibited, extends from a position 3.7Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 5
about 0.5 mile SE of Karwar Head to Kwada Point (14°43.0'N., days, 3 days, 2 days, and 24 hours in [Link] operations
74°12.6'E.). A major Indian naval base, which includes ship- at the anchorage is suspended during the Southwest Monsoon
building and repairs facilities, is located on the NE side of the period (May-September).
bay. The base is approached through a dredged channel initially 3.7Contact Information.—VHF communication with Belekeri
heading N between Anjadip Island and Round Island, then NE is carried out through Karwar or directly to Beleken by tele-
and E to the Naval Jetty. The channel has depths that range from phone (91-8382-282-222). All other communications for
13.8 to 10.6m; however, mariners should consult the local port Belekeri are through Karwar port; contact information can be
authority for the latest information on depths in the approach found in paragraph 3.4.
channel to the Naval Jetty. The outer part of the channel is 3.7Anchorage.—Anchorage for medium-draft vessels can be
marked by lighted buoys and range lights in line bearing 000°. obtained, in about 11m, mud, with Kukra Island bearing 080°,
North Breakwater connects Binaga Point with the N extremity of distant 2.5 miles. Vessels with a shallower draft can anchor, in
Anjadip Island; South Breakwater connects the SE extremity of about 10m, mud, with Kukra Island Light bearing 055°, distant
Round Island with the NW extremity of Arge Island. Anchorage 2 miles.
can be obtained about 0.4 mile ENE of Round Island, in a depth 3.7Caution.—Dangerous wrecks, marked close SE by lighted
of 11.7m, mud. A prohibited anchorage area lies about 0.4 mile buoys, lie about 1.5 miles WSW of Kukra Island, and 0.6 mile
SW of the Naval Jetty. SSW of Kukra Island Light.

3.7 Belekeri (14°42'N., 74°15'E.) (World Port Index No. 3.8 The Gangavali River (Gangawali River) (14°36'N.,
49000) is a small iron ore loading port on the S of the entrance 74°18'E.) is shallow, and the channel is rendered tortuous by
to Belekeri Creek. It has a loading capability of 3,500 to 4,000 sand banks. Handegadda, 310m high, about 4.5 miles ENE of
tons per day. Cargo is handled by lighters loading at a stone the river entrance, is a well-defined isolated summit. The coast
masonry wharf, 250m in length, in Belekeri Creek, and the an- from the Gangavali River to Gokarn, about 3.5 miles SSE, is a
chorage at Belekeri Bay (Roads). Belekeri Bay (Roads) lies be- low sandy beach fringed with coconut palms; a few miles in-
tween Kwada Point and Kusuldiva Gudda, about 6.5 miles SE. land several hills rise to elevations of up to 140m. The town of
Vessels will anchor in the N part of the Roads for cargo opera- Gokarn has several large temples.
tions. The Aghnashini River (Tadri River) (14°31'N., 74°20'E.) is
3.8

3.7Depths—Limitations.—Belekeri Bay (Roads) has depths of navigable for a short distance only, and local knowledge is nec-
less than 5m. Foul ground extends about 0.7 mile W of essary to cross the bar; it is subject to constant shifting and has
Belekeri Point (14°42'N., 74°15'E.), a low, flat, and rocky a least depth of 2.4m. Tadri River Light is shown from mid-
point at the head of the bay. Several small islets lie close N and September to mid-June from a stone tower painted black and
about 0.2 mile WSW of the point. white at the NW entrance to the Aghnashini River. Rajaman
3.7Aspect.—Kwada Gudda, about 0.8 mile NW of Kwada Drug, a fort, lies at an elevation of 91m at the SE entrance
Point, is the conspicuous summit of a steep, rocky headland, point of the river.
216m high. Kudaini Hill rises to an elevation of 135m about 0.7 mile
3.8

3.7Arge Cape, about 3 miles WNW of Kwada Gouda, has a NW of Tadri River Light. A promontory, 66m high, lies about
summit close within the cape, 168m high. Arge Island, 52m 1.3 miles W of Kudaini Hill.
high, lies about 0.2 mile S of the cape. Button Rock, small and Anchorage can be obtained, in 8m, mud, about 1.5 miles SW
3.8

black, lies about 1.5 miles SSW of Arge Cape. Kukra Islet, of the bar, with the range beacons lying well up on a hill about
55m high and wooded, is conspicuous about 1.3 miles W of 0.5 mile NE of Rajaman Drug, bearing 070°.
Belekeri Point. A light is shown, from September to May, from The coast between the Aghnashini River and Kumta Point,
3.8

a white tower with black bands on Kukra Islet. Belekeri Hill, about 6 miles SSE, is backed by several conspicuous land-

Pub. 173
88 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

marks. from mid-September to mid-June, is obscured by trees when

Achuvi Moti Gudda, 835m high, is a prominent sugarloaf
3.8 bearing less than 035°.
summit, about 10.5 miles NE of the entrance to the Aghnashini Haravalli, a peak 532m high, about 7 miles E of Honavar, is
3.10

River. isolated and easy to identify. A 126m hill, about 3.5 miles S of
the monument, is also easy to identify.
3.9 Parvat Gudi (Danson Peak) (14°32'N., 74°27'E.) is Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory.
3.10

581m high and conspicuous; Spike Hill, about 90m lower, lies Contact Information.—See the table titled Honavar—
3.10

about 0.8 mile NW. Kudi Gudda, 321m high, about 3.5 miles Contact Information.
WNW of Parvat Guddi, is dome-shaped and prominent from Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained, in 9m, sand
3.10

W. Gudeangdi Temple, about 3 miles N of Kumta Point, is con- and mud, with the conspicuous monument bearing 082°, dis-
spicuous from the N and lies on the summit of a 39m hill close tant 3 miles. Small vessels may anchor, with shelter from NW
to the coast. winds, between Basavarajadurg Island and the coast E, in about
Kumta Point (Kumpta Point) (14°25'N., 74°23'E.), marked
3.9 5m; local knowledge is necessary.
by a light, shown from mid-September to mid-June, lies at the
N entrance to a creek, with the town of Kumta about 1.5 miles Honavar to Bhatkal
E. Snail Rock, 7m high, lies about 1.8 miles NW of the point,
and 0.8 mile offshore; it resembles a snail when seen from N. 3.11 The coast between Honavar and the entrance to the
A rock, awash, lies 0.5 mile N of Snail Rock. Bhatkal River, is low and sandy with some rocky points. A
Anchorage.—Small vessels may anchor, with some shelter
3.9 ridge, reaching an elevation of about 150m, extends about 2
from NW winds, in a depth of 6.1m, S of Kumta Point. miles along the coast from a position about 3 miles S of Hona-
var. The ridge is covered with brushwood and contrasts strong-
3.9Ravana Gundi, a rocky headland with two summits, 103m ly with the sandy shore; the cliffs, 46m high at its base are
and 120m high, lies about 3.5 miles S of Kumta Point. This prominent. Murdeshwar Island (Murdeshvar), an islet 31m
headland appears saddle-shaped from the W, and shows up
high, lies about 6.5 miles S of the above ridge. Hadimadi, a
well at night. A 124m wedge-shaped reddish hill lies about 2.5 rocky island, 7m high, lies about 0.8 mile SW of Murdeshwar
miles NNE of Ravana Gundi. Island at the W end of foul ground extending from the coast.
Basavarajadurg Island (Baswaraj Drug) (14°19'N.,
Hawkins Reef, awash, lies with its SW extremity about 1 mile
3.9

74°24'E.) is 49m high and conspicuous. It is the site of an old NW of Murdeshwar Island and about 1 mile offshore. Dart
fort, in ruins, and is covered with trees and bushwood. Rock, with a least depth of 2m, lies about 1.8 miles WSW of
Indravati Patch, about 0.6 mile W of Basavarajadurg Island,
Murdeshvar. Nisana Gudda, 423m high, is a conspicuous sad-
3.9

is a rocky shoal with a depth of 4.6m; a 5m patch lies midway dle-shaped summit about 3 miles NE of Murdeshwar Island. It
between the rocky shoal and the island. Kalti Gudda, 675m is connected at lower levels with a long sharp ridge farther in-
high, about 9 miles ENE of Basavarajadurg Island, is the high-
land, which extends about 2 miles SE and is very noticeable
est peak of a range extending ENE; it is a conspicuous land- from the S. Hudel Gudda, 536m high, about 6 miles ESE of Ni-
mark in clear weather. sana Gudda, is easily identified by its long flat summit. Ker-
ekund, a rocky islet 20m high, lies about 4 miles S of
3.10 Honavar (14°17'N., 74°27'E.) (World Port Index No. Murdeshwar Island and on the W edge of the coastal reef. A
49020) is an open roadstead port which enjoys some impor- rock, 3m high, and a rock, 7m high, lie about 0.5 mile NNE
tance with a considerable export of iron ore, timber, tiles and
and SE, respectively, of the islet. Between Kerekund and Bhat-
betel nuts; local vessels call regularly. The town lies on the N kal Fort, about 4.5 miles SE, the low and sandy coast is fringed
side of the extensive estuary of the Sharavati River, about 0.8 by foul ground extending up to 1.8 miles offshore. Shirali (Hog
mile E of the river entrance. The bar of the river is dangerous
Island), about 1 mile S of Kerekund, is a peaked island 102m
and constantly changing; the least depth over the bar was 1.8m high. Two rocks, each drying 1.2m, lie close W and 0.2 mile
in 1974. At LW, there are heavy breakers, but at HW vessels of SE, respectively, of the island. When in the vicinity of this is-
up to 3m draft can enter. There are no port operations during
land do not enter into depths of less than 18m.
the summer months.
Netrani (Pigeon Island) (14°01'N., 74°20'E.), about 9 miles
3.11

W of Shirali, is wooded and flat-topped with a conspicuous

Honavar —Contact Information
summit, 102m high. It is steep-to except for a rock, 16m high,
Port off its S end, and a rocky shoal close E of the island.
91-8387-220-243 Anchorage, with some shelter from NW winds, may be
3.11

Telephone found, in 27m, mud, off the SE side of the island. Netrani has
91-9448-391-685 (mobile) been reported to give good radar responses at 17 miles.
Facsimile 91-8387-220-243
3.12 Bhatkal Fort (13°58'N., 74°32'E.), in ruins, lies on a
[Link] rocky point, 46m high, at the entrance to the Bhatkal River.
Web site
port/ Bhatkal Light is shown from a square masonry tower with red
bands on the fort, and is obscured by Shirali on bearings between
Aspect.—A conspicuous monument lies on a hill, 43m high,
3.10 129° and 132°. The town of Bhatkal lies on the N bank of the
behind Honavar and about 1.5 miles NE of the river entrance. river, about 1.5 miles NE of the fort. The channel over the river
Honavar Light, shown about 0.7 mile SW of the monument, bar is very narrow and dangerous for ship’s boats.

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 89

Anchorage may be obtained, in 10m, with Bhatkal Light

3.12 Depths—Limitations.—Foul ground, with rocks above and
3.14

bearing 075°, distant 1 mile. Small vessels may anchor, in 7m, below-water, extends for about 3.5 miles N of the entrance to
sand and shell, with Bhatkal Light bearing 014°, distant 0.3 Coondapoor to a distance of about 1.3 miles offshore. Pate
mile. Rock, which dries about 1m, lies at the SW edge of this foul ar-
Caution.—When approaching the port of Bhatkal, do not
3.12 ea. A rock, 4m high, lies about 0.2 mile NE of Pate Rock. A
proceed into depths of less than 18.3m unless local knowledge 4.6m patch and a 4.9m patch lie about 0.3 mile SSE and SE, re-
is available. Two wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie 20 miles spectively, of Pate Rock. Gangoli Shoals, with a least depth of
and 8 miles WSW of the port. When approaching from the S, 3.2m, lie about 3.5 miles WNW of the port entrance. A 6m
pass W of a 3m rocky shoal which lies about 1 mile SW of shoal lies about 2.8 miles WSW of the entrance. It is marked W
Bhatkal Light. Take care to avoid other rocky patches in the ap- by a red and white striped barrel buoy from October to May. A
proach to Bhatkal, including two 5m patches and a 4m patch 6m depth and a 7m depth lie about 1 mile NW and 1.5 miles
which lie about 1.3 miles WSW, 1 mile S, and 0.8 mile W, re- WNW of the 6m shoal. The bar across the entrance to
spectively, of Bhatkal Light. When approaching from the N, Coondapoor had a least depth of 2.5, and is constantly chang-
keep the summit of Shirali bearing not less than 006°, and alter ing. Steering for the entrance, bearing 055°, leads over the bar
course for the anchorage when Bhatkal Light bears 090°. The in the deepest water. A dangerous wreck lies 3.8 miles W of the
inner anchorage should be approached on a course of 087° harbor entrance. Another wreck lies about 1.5 miles S of the
from the outer anchorage, passing about 0.2 mile S of the pre- above wreck.
viously-mentioned 4.3m patch. Aspect.—Coondapoor Light is shown from a steel mast,
3.14

about 0.8 mile S of the entrance, from September 16 to May

Bhatkal to Coondapoor 15. It is difficult to distinguish from other white lights nearby.
Tippu Sultan Gudda Light is shown from September 15 to May
3.13 The coast between Bhatkal and Huddi Point, about 15, about 1.5 miles NNW of the entrance. Two conspicuous
1.3 miles SE, consists of cliffs up to about 60m high. Huddi objects are a white house is close NE and a gray chimney, 40m
Point is a cliffy promontory, rising to a height of about 52m high, 1 mile E of the entrance.
about 0.5 mile inland; a small rounded hill, 35m high, lies on Anchorage can be taken, in about 13.5m, with Coondapoor
3.14

the extremity of the point. The coast is then low and sandy to Light bearing 076°, distant about 3.5 miles, and about 1 mile
Coondapoor, about 20 miles SSE. WSW of the 6m patch.
Baindur Head (13°52'N., 74°36'E.), about 6 miles SSE of
3.13 Caution.—The bar across the entrance to Coondapoor is
3.14

Huddi Point, is 61m high and cliffy. It is conspicuous from sea- perpetually changing. Continuous surf breaks across the en-
ward, being the W point of a table and extending some distance in- trance with W winds, and it is advisable to enter only with the
land. Kodachadri, an impressive sugarloaf peak 1,343m high, is aid of local pilots.
isolated and conspicuous about 16 miles E of Baindur Head. The port is normally closed during the Southwest Monsoon,
3.14

When bearing more than 090°, it is obscured by Male Gudda, usually from the middle of May until the middle of September,
893m high, about 9 miles W and prominent. Madalbare Gudda, depending on the weather conditions. The lighted buoys mark-
1,101m high, is prominent about 2 miles N of Male Gudda. ing the bar and the channel are removed during this time peri-
Yadamale Gudda, 843m high, is prominent about 5.5 miles
3.13 od.
farther NNW. Two White Rocks (Double White Rocks), 4m
high and close together, lie about 4 miles WNW of Baindur Coondapoor to New Mangalore
Head, and are very prominent when the sun shines on them.
Single White Rock, 2m high, lies about 2 miles N, and a rock 3.15 The coast between Coondapoor and Malpe, about
awash lies about 0.8 mile SSE, respectively, of Two White 17.5 miles S, is fringed by coconut trees and broken only by
Rocks. the mouth of the Sitanadi River. The Saint Mary Isles consist of
Caution.—Although the area inside the above dangers has
3.13 Coconut Island, Middle Rock, Entrance Rock, and the Darya
been examined and dangers found, it is possible that others Bahadurgarh Islands. Passage between the islands is obstructed
may exist. It is recommended, therefore, that vessels should not by numerous rocks and should not be attempted except by
attempt to pass inside them, and they should keep in depths of small craft with local knowledge.
more than 20m between Hog Island and Coondapoor. Coconut Island (13°23'N., 74°40'E.), about 2.5 miles NW
3.15

of Malpe, is well-wooded, with trees about 25m high. Foul

Nancowry Rock (13°48'N., 74°33'E.) consists of two rocky
3.13 ground surrounds the island and extends about 0.8 mile WNW
shoals; the W shoal has a depth of 3.2m. A rock, 3m high, lies to a rock which dries 2m. A rock, 2m high, lies about 2 miles
between Nancowry Rock and the coast. NW of the island and a chain of rocks, above and below-water,
extend about 3.5 miles farther NNE. Middle Rock, 3m high,
3.14 Coondapoor (Kundapur) (13°38'N., 74°41'E.) is an lies about 1 mile SSE of Coconut Island. Foul ground extends
open roadstead off the common entrance of the Haladi River up to 0.2 mile W and NW of Middle Rock. Entrance Rock,
and the Chakranadi River. The coast N of the river entrance 1.2m high, lies at the S end of a rocky ridge extending about
consists of low hills up to about 37m high. The coast S of the 0.2 mile S of Middle Rock.
entrance is flat, sandy, and fringed with coconut trees up to The Darya Bahadurgarh Islands consist of three islands.
3.15

24m high. A wreck, best seen on the chart, lies almost 4 miles North Island, 11m high at its SE end, is marked by Malpe
W of the harbor entrance. A shoal patch of 7.4m lies 2.1 miles Light, shown from a conspicuous square tower on the summit
W of Coondapoor Light. of the island. Darya Bahadurgarh Island, 16m high, lies about

Pub. 173
90 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

183m SE of North Island. tioned wreck.

South Island (13°20'N., 74°42'E.) lies about 0.2 mile SE of
3.15 Suratkal Point Light (13°00'N., 74°47'E.), with a racon,is
3.16

Darya Bahadurgarh Island and has a rock, with a least depth of shown from a 36m high white masonry tower with black bands
3.7m, about 0.2 mile SSE of it. standing on Suratkal Point, about 5 miles S of the entrance to
Anchorage can be obtained, in 9m, mud, about 1 mile WNW
3.15 the Mulki River. An aero light is occasionally shown from a
of the light structure on North Island. Small vessels can anchor, very tall tower at Mangalore Airfield, about 6 miles ESE of the
in 6m, sand and mud, with the light structure bearing 185°, dis- point.
tant 0.5 mile. Small vessels can anchor, in 6.1m, mud and sand,
about 0.5 mile E of the summit of South Island. New Mangalore (12°55'N., 74°49'E.)
Malpe (13°21'N., 74°42'E.), a town of some importance to
World Port Index No. 49030
3.15

coastal vessels, lies on the N side of the entrance to the Udiya-

vara River. A white house is conspicuous on the N side of the
3.17 The port of New Mangalore, a major all-weather port,
entrance about 0.2 mile inland. Malpe has four small jetties,
is situated about 5 miles NNW of Mangalore Old Port (see
accommodating vessels up to 33m long with a draft up to 3.7m.
paragraph 3.18). The harbor is protected by breakwaters that
The open roadstead W of Malpe is afforded some protection by
extend about 700m from the coastline at points N and S of the
the Saint Mary Isles. The coast between Malpe and New Man-
entrance. The port consists of a turning basin, with radius of
galore, about 26 miles SSE, is straight and fringed with coco-
245m, dredged to a depth of 15.1m, oil and LPG jetties on the
nut trees. Black Rocks, 13m high and conspicuous, lie about 4
SW side of the lagoon and near the approach channel, and sev-
miles S of Malpe. Two rocks, 3m high, and two rocks, 5m high,
en berths contained in a basin extending N from the turning ba-
lie about 0.5 mile NW and 0.2 mile WSW, respectively, of
sin. The berths are used for general cargo, the export of iron
Black Rocks. Outer Rocks, 13m high and prominent, lie about and manganese ore, and the import of materials for a chemical
1 mile SW of Black Rocks.
and fertilizer factory.
Pilotage is available if required.
3.15

Contact Information.—See the table titled Malpe—Con-

3.15

tact Information. New Mangalore Port Trust (NMPT) Home Page

[Link]
Malpe—Contact Information
Port Depths—Limitations.—The port is approached by a chan-
3.17

VHF VHF channel 16 nel, with lights in line bearing 78.9°, about 4 miles long and
245m wide; it is maintained by dredging to 15.4m and marked
Telephone 91-820-253-7592 by lighted buoys. Several shoal patches, depths of 7.5 to 9.7m,
E-mail dir@[Link] lie close S of the channel and are best seen on the chart.
A designed depth of 15.1m is maintained within the harbor
3.17

Web site [Link] leading from the entrance to the turning basin. However, depths
within the channel and harbor are subject to siltation and liable
Caution.—Vessels in the vicinity of Black Rocks and Outer
3.15 to change. It has also been reported that the maximum depths
Rocks should not enter depths of less than about 15m by day or allowable for entry into the harbor can be reduced during the
22m by night. The port is closed during the Southwest Mon- Southwest Monsoon (May-September) period so vessels draw-
soon due to heavy swells. ing 14m or more should check with the New Mangalore Port
Authority for the latest information.
3.16 Kap Light (13°13'N., 74°44'E.), about 8 miles SSE of In the NE part of the harbor, multi-purpose berths Nos. 1 to 7
3.17

Malpe, is shown from a white tall masonry tower with black can accommodate vessels with maximum drafts ranging from
bands standing on a rock near a battery in ruins. Kap Rock, 7.0 to 10.5m.
12m high, is prominent about 1.5 miles NNW of the light. A Coal and bulk berths are situated in NW part of the harbor
3.17

rock, 1m high, with a drying rock close NE, lies about 1 mile and at the berths W of the multi-purpose berths.
SSW of Kap Rock. An iron ore berth, 300m long, accommodates vessels up to
3.17

Mulki Rocks, some of which are 12m high and of black ba-
3.16 60 000 dwt and a maximum draft of 12.5m, is situated on the
salt, lie about 4 miles WSW of Kap Light. SE side of the harbor; the berth is exposed to swell during the
Caution.—Vessels in this vicinity at night should keep in
3.16 Southwest Monsoon.
depths of not less than 24m. A 4m depth lies about 3 miles SW Oil and chemical jetties are situated in the S side of the har-
3.17

of Kap Light. Kunjar Gudda, 74m high, is a prominent land- bor; the S arm of the harbor can accommodate LPG, crude and
mark about 4 miles NE of Kap Light. Valkunji (Buffalo’s product tankers with a maximum draft of 10.5 to 14.0m.
Hump), 1,041m high, a peak of the Western Ghats about 18 Berth limitations are given in the accompanying table titled
3.17

miles farther ENE, is well-defined and shaped like a buffalo’s New Mangalore—Berth Information.
hump. The town of Mulki, with a church on high ground, lies Aspect.—Fairway Lighted Buoy is moored about 4 miles W
3.17

about 8.5 miles SSE of Kap Light, and about 1 mile NE of the of the port. Range lights, in line bearing about 079°, at the E
entrance to the Mulki River. A dangerous wreck lies approxi- side of the port, mark the approach channel through the en-
mately 1.5 miles W of the entrance to the Mulki River. Another trance.
dangerous wreck lies about 5 miles NW of the previously-men- A signal station and port radio station are situated on the N
3.17

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 91

entrance point of the port. A white concrete tower lies close S The ETA should be confirmed with Port Control 2 hours pri-
3.17

of the S entrance point. Two towers, one of which is conspicu- or to arrival.

ous, lie a short distance inland from the head of the harbor. An ETD message should be sent to Port Control 1 hours pri-
3.17

There is a conspicuous water tower about 0.2 mile S of the S or to departure.

entrance point of the harbor. A Vessel Traffic Management System is in operation in the
3.17

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 200 gt

3.17 port. Vessels will be automatically identified as they enter the
and is available 24 hours for vessels up to 245m in length. Ves- port (about 4 miles from the inner harbor) so there will be no
sels whose loa exceeds 245m, including Suezmax tankers, are need for communications between the vessel and Port Control.
handled only during daylight hours. Signals.—Storm signals are displayed from the signal sta-
3.17

tion; the General System is used. Further information on these

Pilots board, as follows:
3.17 storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions
1. Vessels with a maximum draft up to 10m—About 1 (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean un-
mile ENE of Fairway Lighted Buoy (12°55'13.8''N, der “India—Signals.”
74°45'33.0''E.). Contact Information.—See the table titled New Manga-
3.17

2. Deep-draft vessels—Close NW of Fairway Lighted lore—Contact Information.

Buoy (12°54'57.0''N, 74°44'16.8''E.). Anchorage.—Anchorage is recommended NNW of Fairway
3.17

Regulations.—Vessels should send an ETA message at least

3.17 Lighted Buoy, in depths of 16 to 18m.
48 hours in advance. The message should contain the following Caution.—Stay well clear of a dangerous wrecks lying close
3.17

information: S of the anchorage and SW of the port limit. Haze settles over
1. Vessel name. the land after sunrise. Even during good weather, the coast re-
2. Nationality. mains indistinct until about the middle of the day, making nor-
3. Call sign. mally conspicuous objects difficult to discern.
4. Draft fore and aft. On a 3.7m shoal patch (12°48.0’N, 74°44.4’E) lies a danger-
3.17

5. Length overall. ous wreck. A lighted SPM (12°54.0’N, 74°39.0’E) is connect-

6. Gross tons and nrt. ed to the shore by a submarine pipeline, Vessels are advised to
7. Last port of call. stay clear.

New Mangalore—Berth Information

Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside Draft Size
New Mangalore Port Trust
No. 1 150m 7.0m — 3,250 dwt Breakbulk and bulk cargo.
No. 2 198m 11.0m 10.5m 55,700 dwt
No. 3 198m 11.0m 10.3m 61,000 dwt
No. 4 198m 10.0m 9.5m 35,900 dwt General, cruise, ro-ro/lo-lo, breakbulk, containers, pas-
sengers, chemicals, LPG, multipurpose, bunkers, and
No. 5 198m 10.0m 9.5m 57,100 dwt bulk cement. Continuous berthing length of 594m.
No. 6 198m 10.0m 9.5m 82,100 dwt
No. 7 198m 10.0m 9.5m 87,300 dwt
No. 8 420m 15.1m 14.0m 177,346 dwt Coal, iron ore, containers, and breakbulk.
No. 9 377m — 13.5m 95,600 dwt Coal and bunkers.
No. 12 322m 15.1m — 63,000 dwt Coal and breakbulk.
LPG, chemicals, bunkers and dirty products. Berthing
No. 13 28m 11.5m 10.5m 38,500 dwt
length of 330m (including dolphins).
Clean products, and crude oil. Berthing length of 320m
No. 15 42m 14.2m 14.0m 114,000 dwt
(including dolphins).
Clean products, vegetable oils, LPG, and chemicals.
No. 16 35m 13.5m 12.5m 64,200 dwt
Berthing length of 320m (including dolphins).
Clean products. Berthing length of 324m (including dol-
No. 17 49m 14.0m 12.0m 64,200 dwt
phins).
Iron ore and container.s Berthing length of 300m (in-
No. 18 172m 13.0m 12.5m 82,500 dwt
cluding dolphins)

Pub. 173
92 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

New Mangalore—Berth Information

Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside Draft Size
MRPL Terminal
Clean products, crude, dirty products, and bunkers.
No. 14 40m 14.2m 14.0m 164,000 dwt
Berthing length of 324m (including dolphins).
SPM — — 31.0m 320,871 dwt Crude.

New Mangalore—Contact Information The town of Mangalore is almost entirely concealed from the
3.18

offing, but the following landmarks are conspicuous:

Port Authority 1. Mangalore Light, a squat, white, masonry tower with
Telephone 91-824-240-7341 black bands, attached to a house resembling a small chapel,
about 0.5 mile ENE of the harbor entrance.
Facsimile 91-824-240-8390 2. A 41m high dome, surmounted by the steeple of the
chairman@[Link] Roman Catholic Cathedral, about 0.5 mile N of the light
E-mail structure.
chairmannmpt@[Link] 3. The 76m high square tower of Saint Aloysius College,
Web site [Link] about 1.3 miles NNE of the cathedral.
4. A conspicuous white cross about 3.5 miles N of the
Port Control
harbor entrance.
Call sign New Mangalore Port Control 5. A group of white houses close S of the harbor en-
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16 trance.

Telephone 91-824-240-7428 A radio tower, having an elevation of 153m, lies about 1 mile
3.18

NNW of Saint Aloysius College.

Pilots Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 100 gt
3.18

VHF VHF channels 12 and 16 and is available during daylight hours only. For boarding posi-
tions, see New Mangalore in paragraph 3.17.
91-824-240-7428
Telephone Regulations.—For ETA and message requirements, see
3.18

91-824-240-7341 New Mangalore in paragraph 3.17.

Signals.—Vessels can communicate with a signal station
3.18

A dumping ground area, best seen on the chart, lies about 7

3.17
close S of Mangalore Light.
miles WNW of the port. Contact Information.—See the table titled Mangalore Old
3.18

Spoil ground areas have been established about 1.7 miles SE

3.17
Port—Contact Information.
and 2 miles SW, respectively, of the Fairway Lighted Buoy.
Mangalore Old Port—Contact Information
3.18 Mangalore Old Port (12°51'N., 74°50'E.) lies in the
Port
backwater formed by the confluence of the Gurpur River and
the Netravati River. The port is only of importance to coastal VHF VHF channel 12
vessels, as it is fronted by a shallow bar between low sandy Telephone 91-824-420-104
spits.
Depths—Limitations.—The port is closed from June [Link]
Web site
through August during the Southwest Monsoon, when the bar old-mangalore-port/
is impassable. A shoal, with a depth of 15m, lies 6.5 miles
WNW of the entrance to Mangalore. Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained, in 9.1m, mud,
3.18

Aspect.—In the approach to Mangalore, the following peaks

3.18 with Mangalore Light bearing between 050° and 100°, distant
are conspicuous: about 2 miles. Vessels should not approach the lighthouse clos-
1. Kodinjakal (Asses Ears), 346m high, about 18 miles er than 1.5 miles, as the depths then decrease rapidly.
NE of Mangalore. Caution.—It is preferable to arrive off Mangalore during the
3.18

2. Kuduremukha, a 1,890m peak of the Western Ghats, afternoon with the sun astern, or at night when the light can be
about 13 miles farther ENE. seen. The landmarks are difficult to distinguish during the
3. Mudipina Padavu, 206m high, about 7 miles ESE of morning haze.
Mangalore. Dangerous wrecks lie about 1.8 and 2.5 miles WSW of Man-
3.18

4. Passodigumphe (Barn Hill), 324m high, a sloping galore Light.

mountain with a flattish summit, about 8.5 miles farther Dangerous wrecks (masts) lie in position 12°48.8'N,
3.18

SSE. 74°44.7'E and position 12°48.0'N, 74°44.3'E.

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 93

Mangalore to Mount Dill 330°, distant 2.5 miles. Small vessels may find shelter off the
mouth of the creek, SE of Mount Dill, during the NW winds
3.19 The coast from Mangalore to Kotte Kunnu, about 55 which prevail here from February to May, in depths of about
miles SSE, presents a fringe of coconut palms broken here and 4m. A short confused sea and a slight S set will be found here.
there by the mouth of a river or a prominent headland. A stranded wreck lies 2 miles NNW; a dangerous wreck lies
3.20

Manjeshwara, about 9 miles SSE of Mangalore, is a small cus- 3 miles SSE from Mount Dill Light.
toms port with minimum of trade. A radio tower lies near the
coast about 5 miles NNW of Manjeshwara. Kumbla, a village Mount Dill to Cannanore
with an old fort, lies about 15.5 miles SSE of Mangalore, at the
mouth of the Shipiya River. The Chandragiri River enters the 3.21 The coast from Mount Dill to Cannanore, about 13
sea about 8 miles SSE of Kumbla, between the two hill forts of miles SE, is sandy and fringed with coconut palms. The Vala-
Kasaragod and Chandragiri, 53 and 45m high, respectively. pattanam River, marked on the N side of its entrance by a
The bar of the river dries and changes frequently; it can only be clump of Casuarina trees, flows into the sea about 7 miles SE
used by small craft at HW. Kasaragod Anchorage Light, pri- of Mount Dill. The bar at the entrance to the river has a least
marily a mark for fishermen, is shown about 1 mile NNW of depth of 1.2m, and is subject to seasonal change. Azhikal Light
the river entrance. is shown at the S side of the entrance. Storm signals are dis-
Kasaragod (12°29'N., 75°00'E.), a large village, lies on the N
3.19 played near the light.
side of the entrance to the Chandragiri River. A chimney, 41m Azhikal (Azhikkal) (11°55'N., 75°18'E.) (World Port Index
high, is conspicuous in the village. Kasaragod Light, a white, oc- No. 49040), with a thriving timber trade, lies on the S bank of
tagonal, concrete tower with black bands lies N of the village. the river, about 1 mile within the entrance. Boundary pillars,
Bekal, about 6 miles SSE of Kasaragod, a small open port
3.19 NW and SE of the river entrance, define the limits of the port.
for local craft, is formed by a rocky promontory; an old fort, Presently the port has only one wharf, 50m in length, that
3.21

with a tall central bastion, lies on the promontory. A group of can accommodate one vessel up to 2,000 dwt, with a maximum
rocks, 1m high, lies about 1.8 miles NW of the fort. Hosdrug length of 30m, a maximum beam of 10m, and a maximum draft
Fort, 37m high, is conspicuous about 6 miles SSE of Bekal, of 3m.
and 0.8 mile inland. A bare hill, 179m high, lies 2.3 miles NE Pilotage is not available.
3.21

of the fort. Kavvayi Backwater, close within and parallel to the Vessels should advise the Port Officer Kozhikode of their
3.21

coast, extends from about 5 miles SSE of Hasdrug Fort to ETA 24 hours in advance and then confirm their ETA 2 hours
Mount Dill. in advance to the Port Officer in Azhikal on VHF channel 16.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Azhikkal—
3.21

Contact Information.

Azhikkal—Contact Information
Port Authority
VHF VHF channel 16
Telephone 91-497-277-1413
Facsimile 91-497-277-1413
E-mail azhikkalport@[Link]

Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9m, sand and mud,

3.21

good holding ground, about 2.5 miles WSW of the river en-
trance.

3.22 Cannanore (11°55'N., 75°24'E.) a military canton-

3.19 Mount Dill Light ment and open roadstead port, is in charge of the Port Conser-
vator, subordinate to the Port Officer at Kozhikode (Calicut).
3.20 Mount Dill (Ezhi Mala) (Mount Delli) (12°02'N., The port is closed to local sailing craft from the beginning of
75°12'E.), 259m high, is the summit of a conspicuous headland June to the end of August, but vessels may work cargo during
separated from the low-lying mainland by a narrow creek. the Southwest Monsoon when weather permits. Moplah Bay,
Kotte Kunnu, a bluff point 52m high, at the SW extremity of the bight E of Cannanore, is shallow, but affords shelter to local
the headland, is joined to the more elevated land by a low neck; craft.
a fort lies on Kotte Kunnu. Mount Dill Light (Kotte Kunna Aspect.—The following are prominent or conspicuous in the
3.22

Light), with a racon, is shown from a white triangular stone approach to Cannanore:
tower with red bands on the bluff point. Good radar returns 1. The flagstaff on the N bastion of Fort St. Angelo,
have been reported from Mount Dill at 26 miles. which lies on a low rocky point at the S end of the town.
Anchorage, with moderate shelter from NW winds, can be
3.20
2. A chimney, 42.5m high, about 0.8 mile NW of the
obtained, in 7m, mud, with the summit of Mount Dill bearing fort.

Pub. 173
94 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

3. North Point, a 16m high headland, about 4.3 miles Shorukulu, a natural breakwater of basalt, 3.7m high, lies paral-
3.24

NW of the fort. lel to the coast, about 0.8 mile NW of Bilikulu. Nakudiankulu
4. Two boundary pillars about 1 mile WNW and 1.8 (Nukudiankulu), about 0.5 mile NW of Shorukulu, is a pinnacle
miles ESE of the fort. rock drying 0.9m. Talayi Rock, a pinnacle rock with a depth of
Cannanore Light is shown from a white, concrete column
3.22 1.5m, lies nearly 0.7 mile SE of Nilot Point (11°44'N., 75°30'E.).
with red bands 1 mile WNW of Fort St. Angelo. A black spherical buoy, removed between May and October, is
A red conical buoy is moored about 0.5 mile SE of the fort
3.22 moored on the S side of the rock.
from October to May and marks the approach to the inner an- Depths—Limitations.—Cargo is worked from a T-head
3.24

chorage for small craft. Signaling with shipping is conducted pier, 171m in length, with depths of 1.8m to 3m alongside.
from the flagstaff on Fort St. Angelo. Port limits are defined by There are landing steps on both sides of the pier that extends
lines drawn in a 270° direction from the above-mentioned SW of the shore close W of the Post Office building.
boundary pillars to depths of 16.5m. The pier is protected by a naturally-occurring breakwater of
3.24

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in about 9m,

3.22 basalt which lies parallel to the coastline close W of the berth.
mud, good holding ground, about 1.8 miles SW of the fort. Signals.—Communication with shipping is maintained from
3.24

Caution.—A rifle range extends SSW of the flagstaff of Fort

3.22 the port flagstaff by flags of the International Code and by
St. Angelo. Vessels anchoring W of the E limit of the firing Morse Code from the Port and Customs Office, about 0.3 mile
range (a flagstaff bearing 022°) should remain at least 1.5 SE of the fort.
miles offshore. During firing practice, a red flag is displayed Storm signals are shown at Tellicherry: the Brief System is
3.24

about 0.3 mile W of the fort. used. Further information on these storm signals may be found
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
Cannanore to Tellicherry tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Anchorage.—Anchorage for large vessels in unsettled
3.24

3.23 The coast between Cannanore and Tellicherry, about 9 weather is well offshore, in a depth of 12m, but in good weath-
miles SE, consists of alternate sandy beaches and cliffs, fringed er a vessel can anchor, in 9m, soft mud, SW of the fort, about
with coconut trees. Rocks, above and below-water, fringe the 1.5 miles from Bilikulu.
coast. Dharmapattanam Island, about 7 miles SE of Cannanore,
is encircled by two rivers. Green Island, 34m high and covered Tellicherry to Calicut (Kozhikode)
with tall trees, lies off the W extremity of Dharmapattanam Is-
land. The ruins of a redoubt are conspicuous on the summit of 3.25 The Kundah Mountains lie only about 10 miles from
a bare hill, 61m high, about 1.3 miles NE of Green Island. the coast between Tellicherry and Calicut (Kozhikode).
Mahe (11°42'N., 75°32'E.) is a small settlement on the S
3.25

3.24 Tellicherry (11°45'N., 75°30'E.), an open roadstead side of the entrance to the Mahe River. A light is shown on the
port, is open throughout the year. The port limits are defined by S side of the river entrance. Some old forts and houses lie on
two lines extending SW into depths of 16.5m from the N the detached hills behind Mahe. Rocks extend offshore from
boundary pillar on the rocky S extremity of Dharmapattanam both sides of the river entrance into depths of 3.7m.
Island and the S boundary pillar on Punuli Point, about 4 miles The channel leading into the harbor is less than 1m in depth
3.25

SE. but is still considered good for small vessels with local knowl-
Aspect.—An ancient fort stands in position 11°45'N,
3.24
edge for trading coconuts, pepper, dried figs, and all kinds of
75°29'E on rising ground near the coast. Tellicherry Light is small commodities during the Winter Monsoon period (No-
shown from the NW bastion of the fort. vember-April).
Bilikulu, a natural breakwater of basalt, 6m high, lies paral-
3.24
Anchorage can be obtained, in 9m, mud, about 2.5 miles
3.25

lel to the coast, about 0.5 mile SW of the fort. Two similar but WSW of the light structure. Chombakulu, an islet, 4m high,
shorter ridges lie between Bilikulu and the shore. These ridges, lies about 2.5 miles SSE of Mahe, and about 0.5 mile offshore;
together with numerous detached rocks above and below-wa- several rocks lie near the islet.
ter, between Bilikulu and the shore, give sufficient shelter to Badagara (11°36'N., 75°35'E.) is an important town on the
3.25

the landing at Tellicherry at LW during NW winds to enable coast, about 7 miles SSE of Mahe. The coast in the vicinity is
vessels to communicate with the port when all others are low, sandy, and fringed by coconut trees.
closed. A flagstaff, 26m high, is conspicuous on the coast W of the
3.25

Inland, the following peaks of the Kundah Mountains are

3.24
town. A casuarana tree, 64m high, is conspicuous above the
conspicuous: dense coconut plantations on a small hill close S of the town.
1. Perali Mala (Perly Hill), 488m high, about 13.5 miles A flat-topped hill, 114m high, is conspicuous about 3 miles
3.25

NE of Tellicherry. ENE of Badagara. A 101m hill and a 104m hill rise about 1
2. Periya Peak (Periah Peak), 1,157m high, about 18 mile NNW and SSW, respectively, of the flat-topped hill. Far-
miles ENE of Tellicherry. ther inland, Nadapuram Mudi, 1,387m high, stands about 20
3. Nattavaram (Naduwaram Peak), 1,387m high, about miles ENE of Badagara and is conspicuous.
17.5 miles E of Tellicherry. A conspicuous round red hill, 55m high, lies about 3 miles
3.25

Conspicuous objects in the approach are the Club House,

3.24
SSE of Badagara, on the S bank of the Murat River, about 1
about 1 mile NNW of the fort, and the port flagstaff, about 0.3 mile within the entrance.
mile SE of the fort. The hills near Tellicherry are thickly cov- Storm signals are shown at Badagara: the Brief System is
3.25

ered with coconut palms and other trees. used. Further information on these storm signals may be found

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 95

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- mouth of the Elattur River, a shallow and rocky river, lies about
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” 1.3 miles N of the cape.
Anchorage can be taken, in 9m, mud, about 2 miles WSW of
3.25 Vavul Mala (Camels Hump) (11°25'N., 76°08'E.), 2,338m
3.26

the flagstaff. Caution should be taken to stay well clear of a high, about 23 miles ENE of Calicut (Kozhikode), is the high-
wreck in position 11°36'N, 75°32'E and a dangerous wreck in est and most conspicuous peak of the Kundah Mountains. It is
position 11°39.3’N, 75°24.6’E. visible far to seaward in clear weather. The Kundah Mountains
Kadalur Point (11°28'N., 75°38'E.), low but prominent, is
3.25 end rather abruptly S of Vavul Mala.
covered with palm trees, over which will be seen a large round
tree. Hills gradually rise NE of the point; the nearest summit is Calicut (Kozhikode) (11°15'N., 75°46'E.)
78m high, about 1.3 miles NE of the point.
World Port Index No. 49100

3.27 The port of Calicut, also known as Kozhikode, is an

open roadstead of considerable commercial importance. Cargo
is worked at the anchorage by lighters. The port is unusable
from the beginning of June to the end of August.
Depths—Limitations.—Reliance Shoal, with a least depth
3.27

of 8.6m, extends about 2.5 miles NNW from a position 3.5

miles W of Calicut Light; the shoal is rocky, but the bottom
near it is soft mud.
Anchorage Reef, with a least depth of 3.7m, lies about 1.3
3.27

miles WSW of Calicut Light. A lighted buoy, painted in black

and white stripes, is moored W of the reef; it is in position from
October to May.
Calicut Reefs, a group of rocky shoals with a least depth of
3.27

4.1m, extend about 1.5 miles N from a position 2.5 miles SSW
of Calicut Light.
Coote Reef, with a least depth of 0.9m and over which the
3.27

sea generally breaks, lies about 1.5 miles S of Calicut Light. A

black and white striped can buoy is moored about 0.3 mile W
of the reef. Gillham Rock, about 0.3 mile farther S, has a depth
of less than 1.8m.
Aspect.—Calicut Light is shown from a white masonry tow-
3.27

Kadalur Point Light er near the Port Office at the N end of town. West Hill, 49m
high, with the houses on it showing among the trees, lies about
The coastal reef extends about 1.5 miles W and 1.3 miles S
3.25

2 miles N of Calicut Light and forms a good landmark in the

from the point. Trikodi Reef, with a least depth of 1.5m and morning when approaching Calicut. The dome of the Roman
Kadalur Reef, with a least depth of 3.4m, are the W and SW Catholic Cathedral, 45m high, is conspicuous 0.5 mile SE of
ends, respectively, of the coastal reef. the lighthouse. A rocky islet, 2m high, lies on the coastal reef
about 3 miles N of Calicut Light.
3.26 Sacrifice Rock (11°30'N., 75°32'E.), 18m high and Two white boundary markers, marking the N and S limits of
3.27

conspicuous, lies about 6.5 miles WNW of Kadalur Point. It the port, lie on the coast about 4 miles N and 5 miles S, respec-
consists of granite and, having a white appearance, can be seen tively, of Calicut Light.
10 miles in clear weather. The passage between this rock and Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is available during
3.27

the coast is free of dangers, but vessels using it should keep daylight hours only. The pilot boards in the anchorage.
near the rock, and not proceed into depths of less than 13m. Pilots can be contacted on VHF channel 12.
3.27

Vessels passing W of this rock at night should not proceed into Regulations.—Vessels bound for the outer anchorage
3.27

depths of less than 27m which are found about 2.5 miles W of should send their ETA 48 hours and 24 hours in advance. For
the rock. A shoal, swept to a depth of 2.7m, lies almost 1 mile vessels bound for the harbor, the ETA should also be advised
offshore W of Tikkotti village. 12 hours in advance. All ETAs should be confirmed 2 hours
The coast between Kadalur Point and Calicut (Kozhikode), prior to arrival on VHF channel 16.
about 14.5 miles SSE, is generally low, sandy, and fringed with Signals.—The signal station, close N of Calicut Light, com-
3.27

palms. Red laterite hills back the coast. municates with shipping by flags of the International Code or
Quilandi, a large village, lies about 3.8 miles ESE of Kadalur
3.26

by Morse Code. Landing conditions are indicated by the fol-

Point. A water tower is conspicuous on the coast, close S of the lowing flags of the International Code:
village. The conspicuous summit of Palkunnu, 297m high, rises 1. K—Surf is impassable.
about 7.5 miles ESE of the village. A large black rock, with a 2. M—Communication with the shore is dangerous.
tree on it, lies on the coast about 2.8 miles SSE of Quilandi. 3. N—Boats can leave the harbor.
Elattur Cape (11°19'N., 75°44'E.), about 4 miles farther
3.26

4. F—Boats can enter the harbor.

SSE, is low and rocky, with coconut palms close inland. The Storm signals are shown at Badagara: the General System is
3.27

Pub. 173
96 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

used. Further information on these storm signals may be found

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Calicut (Kozhi-
3.27

kode)—Contact Information.

Calicut (Kozhikode)—Contact Information

Port
VHF VHF channel 16
91-495-241-4863
Telephone 91-996-141-5460 (mobile)
91-495-241-4039 (Senior Port Conservator)
Facsimile 91-495-241-4863
E-mail portofficekkn@[Link]
Pilots
VHF VHF channel 12

Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor with Calicut Light bearing

3.27

SSE in depth of about 9m.

Anchorage may also be obtained with Calicut Light bearing
3.27

078°, at a distance according to the vessel’s draft. Vessels

should not anchor S of this bearing as the bottom is foul and
rocky. The lighted buoy, moored W of Anchorage Reef, marks
the S and E limits of the anchorage for vessels of moderate
size.

Beypore (11°10'N., 75°48'E.)

World Port Index No. 49110

3.28 The port of Beypore (Beipur), an open roadstead, lies

off the entrance of the Beypore River and is considered a wharf
of the port of Calicut (Kozhikode).
Depths—Limitations.—Black Rocks, 1.2m high, lie to-
3.28

wards the SE end of a reef about 0.8 mile S of the entrance to

the Beypore River. A rock, with a depth of 1.5m, lies about 0.5
mile SSW of Black Rocks. The bar of the Beypore River had a
depth of 3.5m between the breakwaters in 1990.
Aspect.—Kota Kunnu, a 60m hill, about 3 miles SE of the
3.28

entrance to the Beypore River, is a good landmark for vessels Beypore Light
approaching Beypore. Olavattur Kunnu, 245m high, about 8
miles E of Beypore, lies among isolated hills in the vicinity. Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained, in depths of 7m
3.28

Urakuth Mala (Dolphins Head), a hill 477m high, about 13 to 10m, with Beypore Light bearing from 045° to 090°, distant
miles ESE of the river entrance, is conspicuous. 1.5 to 2.0 miles.
New Beypore Light is shown from an octagonal masonry
3.28 Caution.—Vessels in the vicinity of Beypore at night should
3.28

tower, with red and white bands, on the SE side of the entrance not enter depths of less than 15m.
to the Beypore River.
Other landmarks are a flagstaff, 25m high, on the SE en-
3.28
Beypore to Kochi (Cochin)
trance point of the river; a conspicuous chimney, 58m high,
about 1.5 miles NE of the flagstaff; and several chimneys of a 3.29 The coast between Beypore and Ponnani, about 24
tile works, across the river and about 0.2 mile N of the tall miles SSE, is low, sandy, fringed with palms, and backed by
chimney. red laterite hills. A light is shown at Tanur, an important fishing
Regulations.—For ETA information, see Calicut (Kozhiko-
3.28 village, about 11.5 miles SSE of Beypore. A tableland, covered
de) in paragraph 3.27. with palms, lies about 1 mile NE of the village. A tableland,
Contact Information.—For port contact information, see
3.28 about 90m high, with a few scattered trees, lies about 9 miles N
Calicut (Kozhikode) in paragraph 3.27. of Ponnani.

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 97

Chetwai Light

Ponnani Light 18 miles ENE of Chetwai. It lies between the Western Ghats
and the coast, and terminates abruptly toward the S. The NW
Ponnani (10°47'N., 75°55'E.), a busy seaport for local craft, summit of this range gives good radar response.
lies on the S side of the entrance to the Ponnani River. The port The Periyar River (Pallipur River), about 22 miles SSE of
3.29

is closed during the Southwest Monsoon, and is in charge of a Chetwai, is generally easy to identify from the W due to the
Port Conservator responsible to the Port Officer at Calicut gap in the fringing palms. Periyar River Light is shown from a
(Kozhikode). The extensive backwater of the Ponnani River white, square, concrete tower with black bands, situated 1.3
forms a wide gap in the line of palms when viewed from WSW. miles N of the river entrance. A racon has been established in
The entrance of the river is wooded and prominent from the S. position 10°12.1'N, 76°09.5'E.
Ponnani Light is shown from a white, round, concrete tower In 1951, it was reported that the depth contours between the
3.29

with black bands, 0.8 mile S of the river entrance. The bar of Periyar River and Narakal, about 8.5 miles SSE, had extended
the Ponnani River has a depth of not more than 2.1m, but small considerably seaward, and the coast had extended similarly up
vessels with local knowledge can enter it at HW. There are to 0.5 mile in places.
some unlicensed pilots available.
Storm signals are shown at Ponnani; the Brief System is
3.29
Kochi (Cochin) (9°58'N., 76°14'E.)
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- World Port Index No. 49130
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
The town of Chetwai (Chetwayi) (10°32'N., 76°03'E.) lies 3.30 The port of Kochi (Cochin) is a fine natural harbor
about 1.5 miles within the entrance to a backwater. The exis- formed by the estuary of the Periyar River and its backwater.
tence of the boundary pillars N and S of the backwater entrance The inner harbor is able to shelter a large number of vessels
is doubtful. Chetwai Light is shown from a 30m high circular with drafts up to 9.1m at all seasons. It is the main deep water
concrete tower, lying 1.5 miles N of the boundary pillar. harbor S of Bombay and a base for the Indian Navy.
Anchorage can be taken by small vessels, in 11m, mud, off
3.29
The port area includes the harbor and backwater, with the
3.30

the entrance to the backwater; local knowledge is necessary. creeks and channels connecting with them and their shores,
A range of hills, over 305m high in its highest part, lies about
3.29
whether of the mainland or of islands, as may lie within 46m of

Pub. 173
98 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

the spring tide HW mark. currents were experienced in the harbor entrance between Vyp-
The great estuary, or backwater, on which Kochi (Cochin)
3.30 in Island and Kochi (Cochin), and also off the NW point of
lies, extends for about 50 miles NNW to Ponnani, and about 30 Willingdon Island.
miles S to Alleppey. Its width varies from 8 miles to a few hun- On the ebb current, between the harbor entrance and the NW
3.30

dred meters, and its channels connect with other inland waters. end of Willingdon Island, there is a strong set across the chan-
It has a least depth of 1.8m and is affected by tidal influence. nel from the N part of the harbor; the limits of this current are
Several rivers flow into the backwater making it brackish. marked by tide rips which cause a vessel to sheer.
During the Southwest Monsoon, which brings heavy rain to the Depths—Limitations.—The approaches to Kochi (Cochin)
3.30

seaward side of the Western Ghats, the watershed drainage of are clear of outlying shoals or banks, except for the shoal water
these rivers increases greatly and, entering the sea through nu- of the bar, through which the deep approach channel has been
merous openings into the backwater, probably causes the con- dredged. Silting may occur in this channel.
stant shifting of the soft mud banks off this part of the coast. The approach and inner harbor channels are maintained to
3.30

the following dimensions:

Port Authority of Kochi (Cochin) 1. Outer Approach Channel—about 6.5 miles in length,
175m in width, and maintained at a depth of 13.2m.
[Link] 2. Inner Approach Channel—All the same as the Outer
Approach Channel except that is extends to a width of 400m.
Winds—Weather.—Kochi (Cochin) is outside the cyclone
3.30 3. Ernakulam Channel—about 3.1 miles in length and a
area, but during the Southwest Monsoon, short gusts of wind minimum width of 200m, maintained to a depth of 11m to
50 to 55 knots are sometimes experienced. the fertilizer berth (Q10), then 10.0m to Berths Q5 to Q7,
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Kochi (Cochin) is 0.9m
3.30 and 9.75m to the S and N Tanker Berths.
at MHHW and 0.8m at MLHW. Salinity within the harbor has 4. Mattancheri Channel—about 1.6 miles in length, to a
values between 1000 and 1020, according to tidal and seasonal width of 183m, and maintained to a depth of 10.75m until
factors. the S end of Boat Train Pier, then 9.75m for the remainder.
The maximum velocity of the ebb current at springs,
3.30

throughout the year, is from 2 to 3 knots, and at neaps from 0.8 Local authorities should be consulted for prevailing depths
3.30

knot to 1.3 knots. The velocity of the flood current at springs, in the channels and alongside berths. Plans are to increase the
throughout the year, varies 1.5 to 2 knots and at neaps from width to 260m and depths to 16.7m in the approach channel
about 0.8 knot to 1.3 knots. Both currents run for a consider- sometime in the near future.
able time after the predicted times of HW and LW, from 1 to 2 A shoal area N of the dredged channel includes a spoil
3.30

hours on the flood, and from 2 to 3 hours on the ebb, according ground which is awash in places. South of the dredged channel
to the season. a shoal, with a depth of less than 1.8m, and on which the sea
After heavy inland rains the ebb current may run continuous-
3.30 breaks, extends about 0.9 mile W from the coast.
ly for many days, while the flood current enters the harbor un- Vessels must not attempt to enter or leave the approach chan-
3.30

der the surface ebb. On very rare occasions, and after high nel without a pilot on board. In 1985, less water than charted
inland floods, the tidal current in the harbor may have a veloci- was found to exist outside the dredged channel on both sides.
ty of 5 knots or more. Another spoil ground lies about 2.5 miles SW of Outer Signal
In January and February, the effect of the ebb current is not
3.30 Station. A dangerous wreck and a small foul area lie near the N
noticeable W of the outer channel buoys, and no appreciable limit of the dredged channel.
current is experienced off the coast in the vicinity of Kochi Within the harbor entrance the dredged channel is about 0.2
3.30

(Cochin). Under monsoon conditions, strong eddies and cross- mile wide; its N limit is marked by lighted buoys.

Kochi (Cochin)—Berth Information

Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Alongside Remarks
LOA Size Draft
Emakulam Channel Wharves (South Side)
Q5 165m — 250m 20,000 dwt 10.0m
Q6 165m — 250m 20,000 dwt 10.0m
Ro-ro, lo-lo, bunkers, general, bulk, ce-
Q7 183m — 250m 60,000 dwt 10.5m ment, fertilizer, containers, and breakbulk.
Continuous berthing length of 918m.
Q8 200m 13.2m 250m 60,000 dwt 11.0m
Q9 200m 13.2m 250m 60,000 dwt 11.0m
Clean products and fertilizer. Berthing
Q10 215m — 207m 60,000 dwt 10.7m
length of 275m (including dolphins).
Venduritti Jetty 470m 8.0m 350m — — —

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 99

Kochi (Cochin)—Berth Information

Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Alongside Remarks
LOA Size Draft
Bharat Petroleum Terminal
Clean products, crude, and dirty products.
Cochin Oil
96m 13.2m 250m 115,000 dwt 12.5m Berthing length of 430m (including dol-
Terminal (COT)
phins).
North Tanker Clean products and dirty products. Berth-
105m 9.7m 213m 30,000 dwt 9.14m
Berth (NTB) ing length of 298m (including dolphins).
Clean products, condensate, and dirty
South Tanker
103m 9.7m 170m 20,000 dwt 9.14m products. Berthing length of 280m (in-
Berth (STB)
cluding dolphins).
Mattancheri Channel Wharves
Boat Train Pier 320m 10.7m 200m 35,000 dwt 10.0m Dirty products, vegetable oils, cement,
cruise, breakbulk, and bunkers. Continu-
North Coal Berth 280m — 170m 15,000 dwt 9.14m ous berthing length of 480m.
Q1 135m — 180m 16,000 dwt 9.14m
Clean products, cement, breakbulk, and
Q2 135m — 180m 16,000 dwt 9.14m bunkers. Continuous berthing length of
410m.
Q3 135m — 180m 16,000 dwt 9.14m
Q4 250m — 180m 16,000 dwt 9.14m Chemicals and clean products.
South Coal Berth 107m — 170m 15,000 dwt 9.14m Chemicals and vegetable oils.
International Container Transhipment Terminal (ICTT)
V1 200m 15.0m 320m — 14.5m
Containers and transhipments. Continu-
V2 200m 15.0m 335m — 14.5m
ous berthing length of 600m.
V3 200m 15.0m 335m — 14.5m
LPG Terminal
LPG Berth 34m — 230m 80,000 dwt 13.0m Clean products, crude, and LPG.
Puthuvypeen LNG Terminal
LNG. Berthing length of 362m (including
LNG Berth 75m — 320m — 12.5m
dolphins).
Offshore Oil Platform
Crude. Located about 13 miles WNW of
Kochi SPM — 30.0m 370m 300,000 dwt 22.5m harbor entrance in position 9°59'48''N,
76°02'24''E.

A LNG Terminal with T-head pier has been completed on

3.30 ebb tide is setting strongly against the sea breezes, resulting in
the SW corner of Puthu Vypin (Vypin Island) with dredging in a short choppy sea.
progress (2014). Berth information in the harbor is given in the accompanying
3.30

The dredged channel then divides into Mattancheri Channel

3.30 table titled Kochi (Cochin)—Berthing Information.
and Ernakulam Channel leading W and E, respectively, of There are two mooring buoys on the E side of Mattancheri
3.30

Willingdon Island. A road bridge, with a lifting span, connects Channel which can accommodate a vessel up to 145m in
the SW end of Willingdon Island with the mainland W; a road length. There are also two numbered mooring buoys in the SE
and rail bridge, with a navigable opening marked by lighted portion of Ernakulam Channel.
dolphins, connects the E side of the island with the mainland E. Tankers in ballast are subject to draft restrictions. Tankers
3.30

Approximately 0.8 mile SE of the fertilizer berth is Naval

3.30 less than 152.4m in length must have a minimum draft forward
Jetty. Caution is necessary when berthing alongside Naval Jet- of 4.3m (plus or minus 0.6m and trimmed by the stern) and
ty, on the W side of the channel, as the ebb current sets strongly 4.9m aft. Minimum drafts for tankers of 152.4m and over are
off the pier and the flood current strongly onto it. The bar at the 4.9m (plus or minus 0.6m) forward and 6.1m aft. Additionally,
entrance to the harbor is dangerous for ship’s boats when the tankers over 213.4m in length are subject to a maximum draft

Pub. 173
100 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

of 8.5m. A conspicuous signal station is situated at the 37m flagstaff

3.30

Aspect.—The coast in the vicinity of Kochi (Cochin) is low,

3.30 close W of Fort Cochin. This flagstaff stands at an elevation of
sandy, and thickly fringed by palms. The highest of the West- 37m on a 20m high conspicuous tower, painted white on its
ern Ghats are about 50 miles inland, but they can be distin- seaward side. A conspicuous tower, 22m high, stands about 0.2
guished only when the weather is clear. Haze settles over the mile SSE of the Signal Station.
land after sunrise and the coast remains indistinct until midday; A white house is conspicuous at the village of Kandakkadava,
3.30

even objects otherwise conspicuous are difficult to discern. about 7 miles S of the entrance to the port of Kochi (Cochin).
Kollengode Bluff, about 48 miles NE of Kochi (Cochin), lies
3.30 The dredged entrance channel, Mattancheri Channel, and Er-
at the NW end of the Anaimalai Hills, which form part of the nakulam Channel are marked by lighted buoys. The harbor of-
Western Ghats. The bluff is conspicuous during the Northeast fice, which is conspicuous, lies on the NW end of Willingdon
Monsoon and forms the S part of Palghat Gap, which is Island. Range lights, situated N and NE of Willingdon Island,
1,220m lower than the mountains flanking it and through lead through the harbor entrance and through the center of Er-
which the winds blow fiercely between November and Febru- nakulam Channel abreast the tanker berths.
ary. A number of Indian Naval vessels are situated at Vendurutti
3.30

Kochi Light (Cochin Light) (9°59.8'N., 76°13.3'E.), with a

3.30 on the E side of Willingdon Island. In this area are several flag-
racon, is shown from a concrete tower with red and white staffs; a radio station, with several masts, is situated 183m
bands. NNW of the W end of the road and rail bridge.
A prominent storage tank, with a red and white checkered
3.30

top, stands in the vicinity of South Coast Berth.

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all merchant vessels
3.30

over 100 gt and is advisable for smaller vessels. Pilots are

available 24 hours. Boarding position should be confirmed via
VHF radio before arrival. Pilots board vessels bound for the
port, as follows:
1. North—position 9°58.3'N, 76°08.7'E.
2. South—position 9°57.3'N, 76°08.7'E.
3. West—position 9°57.5'N, 76°05.5'E.
Pilots for the SPM board from a tug about 2.5 miles from the
3.30

SPM between 0600 and 1600. A restricted area, radius 0.7

mile, surrounds the SPM and a pipeline extends E to the shore.
Tankers may depart the SPM at any time.
Regulations.—Vessels should send ETA messages 48 hours
3.30

in advance to the harbormaster. Any changes in ETA should be

sent at least 12 hours in advance. The message should include
the ETA (in local time) at the outer roads and the salt water
draft fore and aft.
Vessels should contact Kochi Port Control 2 hours before
3.30

and 30 minutes before arrival at Fairway Lighted Buoy for pi-

lotage and berthing instructions.
Vessels awaiting a berth should maintain a listening watch
3.30

on VHF channel 16.

Immobilization of main engines is not permitted without
3.30

written consent by the Port Authority. Discharge of oily water

or other rubbish is forbidden.
When plague is prevalent in Northern India, vessels must ob-
3.30

tain pratique before communicating with the shore.

Ship-to-ship transfers of liquid bulk cargo and gas are autho-
3.30

rized in an area with a radius of 1 mile centered on position

10°03.5'N, 76°04.5'E, about 10 miles NW of the harbor en-
trance. The transferring vessel should anchor in the center of
the area. The vessel’s agent should notify the harbormaster in
the vessel’s ETA message prior to the commencement of any
transfer operations.
Vessels which have called on any ports in the Yellow Fever
3.30

endemic countries of Africa or South America entering India

Kochi (Cochin) Light within 30 days, irrespective of the number of intermediate
ports visited before 30 days, are required to undergo health
A wooden pile beacon lies 1.3 miles SSW of Kochi (Cochin)
3.30 screening by the Cochin port health authorities, and obtain free
Light; a concrete pile beacon, 9.1m high, lies 1.5 miles WSW pratique before berthing. For additional information, contact
of the light. the port health officer and see Pub. 160, Sailing Directions

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 101

(Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean un- Kochi (Cochin)—Contact Information
der “India—Regulations.”.
Signals.—The Signal Station situated at the 37m flagstaff 91-984-704-9056 (mobile)
Telephone
3.30

close W of Fort Cochin communicates by flags and Morse 91-484-266-7105

Code as necessary. Storm signals are displayed; the General
System is used. Further information on these storm signals Facsimile 91-484-266-8163
may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) E-mail mail@[Link]
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
Web site [Link]
nals.”
The following flags of the International Code should be dis-
3.30 Harbormaster
played by vessels entering or leaving Kochi (Cochin) (meaning
91-484-266-6410 (office hours)
of hoist follows flags):
1. Q—My vessel is healthy and I request free pratique. Telephone 91-484-266-7725 (after office hours)
2. Q over First Substitute—My vessel is arriving from a 91-484-266-6940 (after office hours)
yellow fever port and requests health clearance.
3. G—I require a pilot. E-mail hm@[Link]
4. H—I have a pilot on board. Tugs
5. An oil tanker should display a red ball below these
flags. VHF VHF channels 14 and 16
Pilots
A vessel must not enter harbor until the signal has been re-
3.30

peated by the Signal Station. Signals for vessels leaving the VHF VHF channel 16
harbor will also be repeated by the Signal Station.
A vessel shifting berth within Kochi (Cochin) Harbor must
3.30 Anchorage.—Anchorage is available for vessels with a draft
3.30

display a black ball or shape at least 0.6m in diameter at half over 12m in the vicinity of position 9°55.3'N., 76°04.3'E.
mast and shall proceed at not more than half speed. Anchorage is available for vessels with a draft under 12m in
The following flag signals may also be displayed:
3.30 the vicinity of position 9°55.3'N., 76°07.7'E. Tankers waiting
1. EM—Vessel shifting from Ernakulam Channel to to use the SPM should anchor 2.5 miles S of the SPM.
Mattancheri Channel. A prohibited anchorage area is located in the vicinity of
3.30

2. ME—Vessel shifting from Mattancheri Channel to position 9°57.6'N, 76°04.5'E.

Ernakulam Channel. Directions.—Front and Rear Leading lights, which has an
3.30

3. DN—Port’s dredge proceeding to sea. alignment of 076.7° leads from about midway between No 9
4. DF—Port’s dredge entering harbor. and No 10 light buoys through the harbor Kochi (Cochin) en-
A vessel on fire and requiring assistance should continuous-
3.30
trance between Fort Cochin and Bypin to a position NNW of
ly: the NW end of Willingdon Island. East of Builders Point, the
1. Sound on it whistle or siren the letter “F” in Morse Code SE point of Vypin, the shoal water N of the channel is marked
together with rapid and continuous ringing of the ship’s bell. by light buoys to port. The outer and inner channels are main-
2. Hoist, by day, appropriate International Code Flag tained at a depth of 13.2m, but silting may occur. For the latest
Signal (CB6, IT, etc.). information, consult Kochi Port Authority.
3. Telephone Port Fire Station, the Port’s Fire Float, or Caution.—Two Submarine Exercise Areas are centered 25
3.30

Harbormaster. miles W and 100 miles SW of the entrance to Kochi (Cochin)

A vessel requiring assistance in an emergency (moorings
3.30 Harbor. These areas may best be seen on the chart.
carrying away, oil leakage, urgent medical and police assis- Spoil ground areas, best seen on the chart, lie about 4 miles
3.30

tance, etc.) may sound at frequent intervals: W and 4.7 miles SW of Kochi Light, while a lighterage area
1. A succession of blasts on its whistle or siren to attract lies 5.5 miles NW.
attention. Submarine cable, best seen on the chart, extend SE from Ko-
3.30

2. Sound V (3 short and 1 long blast) to mean “I require chi 35 miles offshore to the 200m curve.
assistance.” Dangerous wrecks lie in approximate position 10°01'02''N,
3.30

3. Sound W (1 short and 2 long blasts) to mean “I re- 75°57'46''E and in position 10°08'10''N, 76°03'25''E.
quire medical assistance.” An SPM has been established in position 9°59'49''N,
3.30

4. Hoist V or W of the International Code of Signals. 76°02'27''E.

Contact Information.—See table titled Kochi (Cochin)—
3.30

Contact Information. 3.31 Alappuzha (Alleppey) (9°30'N., 76°20'E.) lies about

29 miles S of Kochi (Cochin); the coast between the ports is
Kochi (Cochin)—Contact Information low, sandy, thickly fringed with palms, and densely populated.
The port is an open roadstead under the superintendence of the
Port
Senior Port Conservator. The port is closed during the South-
Call sign Kochi Port Control west Monsoon season (May 15 to September 15).
Tides—Currents.—The current at the anchorage sets S with
VHF VHF channels 15 and 16
3.31

a velocity up to 2 knots. From October to February, a N set,

Pub. 173
102 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

usually weak, is sometimes experienced.

Depths—Limitations.—There is a 387m long pier, with a
3.31

depth of 1.8m at its head. The pier has been reported to give
good radar returns at 10 miles.
Aspect.—Alleppey Light is shown from a white, round, ma-
3.31

sonry tower, about 0.3 mile E of the root of Alleppey Pier. As

the town of Alleppey is difficult to distinguish from seaward, it
is advisable to make a landfall while it is still dark to ensure
identifying the lighthouse.
Manakkodam Light, a white square tower with red bands,
3.31

lies 15.5 miles N of Alleppey Light. A tall radio mast lies about
4 miles N of Alleppey Light.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not available in this port.
3.31

Regulations.—A continuous listening watch on VHF channel

3.31

16 should be maintained by all vessels visiting the port.

Signals.—A signal station and flagstaff, the latter 37m high and
3.31

prominent, is situated W of Alleppey Light. Night communication

is carried out by flashing light mounted on a pillar at an elevation
of 16m and by flags of the International Code.
Storm signals, using the General System, are displayed from
3.31

the signal station. Further information on these storm signals

may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
nals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Alappuzha (Al-
3.31

leppey)—Contact Information.

Alappuzha (Alleppey)—Contact Information

Port
Call sign VHF channel 16
Telephone 91-477-225-3213

Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels of

3.31
Alleppey Light
moderate size can obtain anchorage, in about 8m, with Allep-
pey Light bearing 077°, distant 2 miles, but sounding is essen- beaches and in the shallow waters offshore. Evidence has been
tial as the mud bank shifts frequently so that the charted depths found of a subterranean connection, through mud, between the
are unreliable. During the Southwest Monsoon, the best an- backwater and the sea. There is said to be a swell, during the
chorage is farther offshore, in about 9.1m, with Alleppey Light Southwest Monsoon, to N of a position 2 miles N of Alleppey,
bearing 056°, but this anchorage depends upon the position of but to the S the swell is quite deadened by this shifting mud
the mud bank which cannot be determined until after the mon- bank.
soon.
Caution.—The mud bank off Alleppey is so stirred up by
3.31
Alleppey to Quilon (Kollam)
the swell as to break up the force of the waves, and cause a
large area of smooth water, on the outer part of which vessels 3.32 The coast from Alleppey to Quilon (Kollam), about
anchor. 40 miles SSE, is sandy, and in general, fringed with palms.
The dark green mud is fine and oily to the touch. The
3.31
From Alleppey to Pirakkad (Porakad), about 9 miles SSE, the
smoothness of the water is probably caused by the oil which coast is more thickly fringed by palms. A mud bank off Pirak-
the mud has been found to contain. In calm weather this bank kad was reported in to be extending seawards.
is not perceptible. This mud bank shifts position from year to There is anchorage off Kottapalli (South Vazhapuram)
3.32

year, and is sometimes found up to 11 miles S of Alleppey. It is (9°19'N., 76°23'E.), but local knowledge is necessary. This an-
subject to mud volcanoes, which bubble up, bringing dead fish, chorage is sometimes used as a port when Alleppey is closed
roots, and trunks of trees to the surface. The mud bank devel- during the Southwest Monsoon or when its mud bank has
ops toward the end of June after the backwater has become moved elsewhere.
swollen by the rains. The cause of this mud bank is said to be A precautionary area lies 44 miles W of Alleppey in position
3.32

the greater elevation, about 1m, of the water level in the vast 9°22'N, 75°35'E close N of a TSS that follows along the 200m
backwater over that of the sea. The hydraulic pressure forces curve in a SE direction to a position offshore of Quilon.
out mud and vegetable matter through the several outlets A light, 15m in height, is shown from the N breakwater at
3.32

during the Southwest Monsoon, and forms mudbanks along the Kottapalli.

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 103

A light is shown near Padiyamkara Tekku (Pathiyankara)

3.32

(9°14'N., 76°25'E.) during the Southwest Monsoon. The posi-

tion of the light is dependent on the movement of the Alleppey
mud bank.
At Kovilthottam (Koilthottam) (8°59'N., 76°32'E.), there is
3.32

a water tower; a light is shown from a white, square, masonry

tower with two black bands, close NW of the water tower.
Foul ground extends up to about 2 miles offshore from a po-
3.32

sition on the coast about 1 mile S of Kovilthottam to Tangasseri

Point, about 6 miles farther SSE. Vessels approaching this part
of the coast at night should not proceed into depths of less than
about 27m.

3.33 Nindakara (8°56'N., 76°33'E.), about 3 miles S of

Kovilthottam, is an open roadstead port at the entrance to Asht-
amudi Backwaters. At the entrance, two breakwaters shelter a
shallow basin, with jetties on its N side where barges load il-
menite sand. The entrance can be identified from seaward by a
break in the palms fringing the shore, and by a bridge, which is Quilon (Kollam) Harbor
prominent, spanning the outlet.
The port is seasonal, operating from mid-November to mid-
3.33
Depths—Limitations.—Tangasseri Reef, consisting of foul
April. ground and shoal water, extends about 1.5 miles W and 1 mile
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not available.
3.33 SW of Tangasseri Point. Pallikall Shoal, with a depth of 2m,
Signals.—Storm signals are displayed; the Brief System is
3.33
lies about 0.7 mile ESE of Tangasseri Point, near the SE end of
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found the coastal reef. A black buoy and a red conical buoy are
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- moored about 1 mile and 1.3 miles SE, respectively, of Tangas-
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” seri Point.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Nindakara—
3.33
The port is protected by the Tangasseri Breakwater, extend-
3.34

Contact Information. ing about 1.1 miles SSE of Tangasseri Point. The breakwater
The port can be contacted from 0800 to 2200, only when a
3.33
was completely restored and strengthened in 2009 after tsuna-
vessel is loading. mi damage that had occurred 5 years previous and now has a
permanent road laid along the entire length. There is also a lee
breakwater extending about 500m SSW of the old Post Office
Nindakara—Contact Information
with a wharf, 116m in length, located at the W end of this
Port breakwater. There are plans (2009) to increase the length of
VHF VHF channel 16 this wharf to 220m but no time has been set.
There is a least depth of 8.9m in the fairway of the channel
3.34

91-471-232-4842 between the buoys and a depth of 8.6m about 0.2 mile SSE of
Telephone 91-471-232-3871 the black buoy. The red conical buoy marks the NW end of a
group of dangers, with a least depth of 6.4m, extending ESE.
91-471-232-4533 The basin presently accommodates vessels up to a draft of
3.34

Facsimile 91-471-232-4533 7m but there are plans (2009) to increase this to 10m.
Gamaria Rock, with a depth of 7m and marked close N by a
3.34

Web site [Link] black and white conical buoy, lies about 1.3 miles ESE of Tan-
gasseri Point. The above buoys are in position from October to
Anchorage, for large vessels working cargo, can be obtained,
3.33 May. There is heavy surf along the steep beach fronting the bight
in about 12.8m, WSW of the entrance. Care must be taken to and landing is dangerous except in native boats.
avoid a 4.4m shoal about 1.8 miles SW of the seaward end of Aspect.—Tangasseri Point Light (8°53'N., 76°43'E.) is
3.34

the N breakwater. In good weather, anchorage may be taken, in shown from a concrete tower, 41m high, painted in black and
about 9.1m, about 0.8 mile off the water tower at Kovilthottam. white diagonal stripes, on the point. The point has been report-
Anchorage can be taken about 1.3 miles W of Padiyamkara ed to be a good radar target at 17 miles.
Tekku Light, in a depth of 8m. The coast from close E of Tangasseri Point to about 3 miles
3.34

NNW of it is rocky with groves of palms growing close to the

3.34 The port of Quilon (Kollam) (8°53'N., 76°35'E.) HW line.
(World Port Index No. 49160) is a small roadstead lying in the Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is provided by the
3.34

bight close SE of Tangasseri Point. The N and S limits of the Port Officer, Nindakara. The pilot boards about 0.5 mile SE of
port are defined by lines extending in a 247° direction from the main breakwater head in position 8°57'41.4''N,
two boundary pillars. The N pillar and the S pillar lie about 0.7 76°35'16.8''E.
mile E and 3 miles ESE, respectively, of Tangasseri Point. The Signals.—Signals for vessels at anchor are displayed from
3.34

W limit is defined by a line extending 180° from the point. the flagstaff near the light.

Pub. 173
104 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

Contact Information.—See the table titled Quilon (Kol-

3.34 Mukkunni Malai, 252m high, with a round, gradually sloping
lam)—Contact Information. summit, about 4 miles ESE of Trivandrum, can be seen from a
good distance to the S and also from the roadstead at Anjengo.
Quilon (Kollam)—Contact Information
3.36 Trivandrum (8°29'N., 76°57'E.) (World Port Index
Port No. 49170), the capital city of the state of Kerala, lies about 1
VHF VHF channel 16 mile from the coast. The ruins of a pier, extending to the LW
line, are prominent on the coast S of the city; a flagstaff, 29m
Telephone 91-474-274-3825 high, lies near the root of the pier; and a church, about 0.5 mile
Facsimile 91-474-274-3825 NE of the pier, is easily identified. A palace, consisting of a
white rectangular building with a dull red roof, lies on the coast
E-mail portkollam@[Link] about 1.3 miles NW of the ruined pier; a white house is con-
Pilots spicuous close NW. Trivandrum Observatory, with two white
domes, 61m high, lies on a hill 2 miles N of the city. A radio
VHF VHF channel 16 mast, marked by an obstruction light, is situated about 5 miles
NNW of the ruined pier. Good radar returns have been reported
Anchorage.—Anchorage off Quilon (Kollam) is exposed to
3.34
from Trivandrum at 12 miles.
winds from the NW through W to SE, and is little frequented
during the Southwest Monsoon, when communication with the Trivandrum is a lighterage port with no docking facilities
3.36

shore is only practicable by signal. During the Southwest Mon- available. ETA messages should be sent via Bahrain or Singa-
soon vessels should anchor, in not less than 15m, with Tangas- pore Radio 24 hours, 7 hours, 5 hours, 3 hours, and 2 hours pri-
seri Point bearing about 000°, distant over 1 mile. or to arrival to either the charterers/shippers or consignees of
Between October and May, vessels can anchor in the inner
3.34
the cargo being carried. Pilotage is not compulsory but one is
anchorage, between Gamaria Rock and Pallikall Shoal, in available.
about 9.1m, sand, with the red chimney of the tile works bear- Trivandrum is closed during the Summer Monsoon season,
3.36

ing 040°, and Tangasseri Light bearing 299°. A large vessel usually May through August.
may find a position about 0.3 mile farther SW more comfort- Anchorage can be obtained, in a depth of 18.3m, with the
3.36

able. flagstaff near the ruined pier bearing 077°, about 0.4 mile. The
Directions.—Vessels approaching Quilon (Kollam) from the
3.34
coast between Trivandrum and Kolachel, about 26 miles SE, is
N should not approach Tangasseri Point in depths of less than sandy and fringed with coconut trees; it is safe to approach ex-
20m to avoid the foul ground W and SW of the point. When the cept near Enciam Islet.
tile work’s prominent red 35m high chimney bears 044°°, steer Landing should not be attempted by small boats due to a
3.36

for it on that bearing, which leads between Gamaria Rock and strong surf running along the coastline during the winter mon-
Pallikall Shoal. soon season.

Quilon (Kollam) to Kolachel 3.37 Kovalam Point (Covelong Point) (8°23'N., 76°58'E.)
is a bluff point with a conspicuous red-roofed building on it.
3.35 The coast between Quilon (Kollam) and Trivandrum, Good radar returns have been reported from the point at 19
about 31 miles SE, is sandy and fringed with palms. About 5 miles. Vilinjam Light is shown from a white round masonry
miles SE of Quilon (Kollam) a gap in the fringe of palms fronts tower, 36m high, about 0.7 mile SE of the conspicuous build-
a large backwater. ing. Vilinjam Point lies about 0.5 mile farther SE.
Anjengo (8°40'N., 76°46'E.), formerly of importance but
3.35 At Vilinjam, 3 miles NW of Karichal, there is a modern
3.37

now a fishing village, is seldom visited as its anchorage is ex- (1980) fishing harbor. The harbor is protected by two breakwa-
posed to the surf at all times. It is not easy to identify, even ters. A fish factory, lying close to the shore, is conspicuous.
from a short distance, as the fort and other buildings are low Many small fishing craft may be encountered up to 9 miles SW
and screened by trees. A light shows at a height of 38m from a of Vilinjam. A light is shown from a round, white, masonry
circular concrete tower at Anjengo. A church with a white face tower with red bands, 36m high, on a bluff 0.5 mile SE of
is visible on the coast NW of the fort; there is a bungalow on a Kovalam Point.
hill about 2 miles N. A red tableland, about 4 miles N of An- Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of about 15m, 0.5 mile S
3.37

jengo, may be of assistance in identifying it. of the ice factory.

Anchorage may be taken, in a depth of 21m, sand and shell,
3.35 Enciam Islet (8°13'N., 77°11'E.), with a conspicuous church
3.37

about 1 mile offshore abreast Anjengo. The bottom is foul and on it, lies about 0.3 mile offshore. Rocks, above and below-wa-
rocky in depths of less than about 18.3m. ter, extend about 0.5 mile SW and NE of the islet. A large con-
The coast between Anjengo and Trivandrum is safe to ap-
3.35 spicuous building, light gray with three towers at its N end, has
proach, and the country inland is hilly and undulating. Patches been reported to lie near the coast about 3 miles NW of Enciam
of red tableland, when seen from beyond about 7 miles, appear Islet.
as red cliffs above the palms fringing the coast. Caution.—Vessels, when in the vicinity of Enciam Islet at
3.37

Agastya Malai (8°37'N., 77°15'E.), 1,869m high and the

3.35
night, should not approach into depths of less than 35m, which
highest peak of the Western Ghats, lies about 20 miles ENE of are encountered barely 2 miles seaward of the rocks in the vi-
Trivandrum. Lower hills lie between the Ghats and the coast. cinity.

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 105

1. Kolachel Light, shown from a white platform on a

mound close to the foreshore SW of the town.
2. The flagstaff close to the light.
3. The Roman Catholic church about 46m NNW of the
light structure.
4. A low warehouse about 0.25 mile E of the light struc-
ture.
5. A small house with tiled roof, about 90m farther ESE.
6. A white cross close SE of the house.
7. A white pillar with black bands, from which a light is
periodically shown, close ESE of the white cross.
Signals.—Storm signals, using the Brief System, are dis-
3.38

played from a flagstaff 0.4 mile E of Kolachel Light. Further

information on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160,
Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and
Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in a depth of
3.38

21m, with the flagstaff bearing 060°, 1.3 miles. Small vessels
can obtain anchorage, in about 13m, sand, with the flagstaff
bearing 327°, 0.7 mile. Mooring buoys are moored about 0.3
mile SE of Kolachel Light.

Kolachel to Cape Comorin

3.39 Muttam Point (Muttum Point) (8°07'N., 77°19'E.),
Muttam Point Light
35m high and with steep red cliffs, lies about 5.5 miles SE of
Kolachel. The village of Muttamtura lies on the point. A light,
Kolachel (8°10'N., 77°15'E.) with a racon, is shown on the point. A group of palmyra trees
World Port Index No. 49180 on high red ground, about 1 mile N of the light structure, forms
a good landmark which can usually be seen above mist which
3.38 Kolachel is an open roadstead with anchorage in
may obscure the lighthouse. Muttam Point has been reported to
about 13m in the lee of four small islets. The port is important
give a good radar response at 18 miles.
for the export of ilmenite sand. Vessels of 10,000 15,000 gt
have called here. Landing during good weather is fairly easy as Vessels in the vicinity of Muttam Point, at night, should not
3.39

the rocks off the village form a practical breakwater to the approach into depths of less than 45m due to the dangers W
and SW of the point.
heavy surf on the coast.
Depths—Limitations.—The depths shoal gradually from
3.38 Crocodile Rock, a dangerous sunken rock about 3 miles SW
3.39

21m in the outer anchorage to 10m about 0.2 mile offshore in of Muttam Point Light, is the outermost danger; the sea does
the area E of the town. not break over it in calm weather. Aduna Rock, 5m high, lies
Several rocks, above and below-water, extend up to about 0.3
3.38 about 1.3 miles SW of the point. It is difficult to identify from
mile S and SW of Kolachel. Kurusukal Islet, 6m high and sur- seaward, and foul ground extends about 0.2 mile NNW from it.
mounted by a white shrine carrying a black cross, lies about Kota Rock, 6m high and steep-to on its W side, lies about 1.3
183m S of Kolachel Light. Ahnakal, 3m high, lies close SSE of miles WNW of Aduna Rock. Vessels should not pass inside of
Kurusukal, with a rock awash close SE of it. Aduna and Kota Rocks.
Pulleri, 1m high, the SE danger in the approach to Kolachel,
3.38 The coast extends about 14 miles ESE from Muttam Point to
3.39

lies about 0.3 mile SSE of Kurusukal Islet. Patna Rock and Cape Comorin (8°05'N., 77°33'E.). A heavy surf prevails
Constance Rock, with depths of 2m, lie about 183m W and 0.5 along this coast and ship’s boats should not attempt to land; the
mile WNW, respectively, of Pulleri. local inhabitants use only catamarans.
Aspect.—The 203m summit of the Anai Parai Hills, about
3.38 Wedge Bank, with a least depth of 55m, lies about 25 miles
3.39

4.5 miles N of Kolachel, is a good landmark in making the SW of Cape Comorin.

port. Kanniyakumari Port (8°05'N., 77°32'E.) is a minor port
3.39

On closer approach, the following conspicuous objects can

3.38 used primarily for ferry traffic. Depths in the boat basin and
be identified: alongside the pier are 2.3m or less.

Pub. 173
 4.
Sector 4—Sri Lanka (including the Gulf of Mannar, Palk Strait, and Palk Bay) and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere
Pub. 173

Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
4.0

SECTOR 4 — CHART INFORMATION

107
 109

SECTOR 4
SRI LANKA (INCLUDING THE GULF OF MANNAR, PALK STRAIT, AND PALK BAY) AND IN-
DIA—EAST COAST—CAPE COMORIN TO POINT CALIMERE

Plan.—This sector describes the Gulf of Mannar, Sri Lanka

4.0 4.2 Hiniduma Kanda (Haycock) (6°20'N., 80°18'E.),
(Ceylon), and then Palk Strait and Bay. The arrangement of the 658m high, about 19 miles N of Point de Galle, appears as a
sector is NE from Cape Comorin along the SE coast of India, large round-topped mountain from all directions; it is conspic-
from there S, E, and N along the coasts of Sri Lanka, followed uous and rarely obscured.
by the description of Palk Strait and Palk Bay. 4.2The central part of the S half of Sri Lanka is mountainous,
The sector includes the roadstead port of Tuticorin on the SE
4.0 and on a clear day its outline is visible from W. The higher
coast of India, and the important ports of Colombo, Galle, and peaks are generally veiled in haze, particularly during the
Trincomalee of Sri Lanka. Southwest Monsoon, but are often visible during the morning
hours at other times of the year and, occasionally, all day
General Remarks during the month of March. The mountains terminate some-
what abruptly E at Namunakuli (6°57'N., 81°06'E.), 2,033m
4.1 The Gulf of Mannar lies between the SE coast of the high.
Indian Peninsula and the W coast of Sri Lanka. Its S boundary 4.2With the exception of several isolated hills rising abruptly
lies between Cape Comorin, the S extremity of India, and Point from the E plain, the remainder of the island is practically flat.
de Galle, the SW point of Sri Lanka. The gulf is bounded N by The whole island is densely covered with tropical forest and
Adam’s Bridge, a chain of islets and rocks extending from the jungle with the exception of the open grassland, and in the
E end of Pamban Island (9°11'N., 79°25'E.) to Mannar Island, parts which have been cleared for agriculture, or in the hills
about 16 miles ESE. where hundreds of square miles have been cleared for the
4.1The NW coast of the Gulf of Mannar is, with the exception planting of coffee, tea, and rubber.
of the mountains extending N from Cape Comorin, generally 4.2The entire W and S coasts of Sri Lanka and many parts of the
low and sandy, with the mountains lying about 55 miles inland. E coast are densely planted with coconut trees. Fresh and salt
This level plain has an average elevation of about 50m, and water lagoons, lying a short distance inland, exist on both the E
gradually rises toward Cape Comorin. and W coasts, and notably at the N extremity of the island, but
4.1The W coast of Sri Lanka is low and planted with coconut only to a limited extent to the S.
trees. Inland, the foothills of the mountain district abreast Co- 4.2Depths in the approaches to the Gulf of Mannar are deep and
lombo begin about 20 miles from the coast. clear of dangers, with the 200m curve lying 40 miles SSE of
4.1Adam’s Peak (6°48'N., 80°30'E.), 2,243m high and the Cape Comorin and about 13.5 miles W of Colombo. Immedi-
highest land visible off the W coast of Sri Lanka, is an excel- ately within this curve, W of Colombo, there are depths of less
lent mark during the Northeast Monsoon, but is seldom visible than 55m; this steep edge forms a valuable guide when ap-
during the remainder of the year. proaching the land in thick weather or at night.
4.1Winds—Weather.—The coast covered by this sector is, like 4.2The coastal bank is fairly level, and off Colombo there are
the rest of Sri Lanka, predominantly in a region of the mon- depths of 18.3m to within between 1 and 3.5 miles of the shore.
soon. Of the four phases to be considered the Southwest Mon- 4.2Depths in the approaches to the S and E coasts of Sri Lanka
soon is the most important, followed by the Northeast are deep and clear outside the 200m curve, which lies from 2 to
Monsoon. Between these two monsoon are the spring and au- 18 miles offshore until N of Trincomalee Bay, where the 200m
tumn transitions with their light and unsteady winds. curve is charted about 38 miles W of Point Pedro. In Trin-
comalee Bay depths of over 200m lie within a few hundred me-
4.1In the Gulf of Mannar, the Northeast Monsoon is steadiest in ters of the shore.
January and has much weakened by March. The wind becomes 4.2The 20m curve in general lies between 1 and 3 miles off the
light and variable toward the end of April, and squally showers S and E coasts of Sri Lanka, except in the vicinity of Great
are common. Basses Reef, Little Basses Reef and Egeria Patch, and until N
4.1The Southwest Monsoon is usually established sometime in of 9°N, where the 20m curve lies about 12 miles off Point Pe-
May and gains strength in June. From July to the end of Sep- dro.
tember fresh SW winds prevail, with mainly fair weather at the
end of the gulf. The wind usually moderates near the head of India—Cape Comorin to Tuticorin
the gulf at night and in the early morning and freshens again in
the afternoon as a result of land and sea breeze effect. In Octo- 4.3 Cape Comorin (8°05'N., 77°33'E.), the S extremity
ber the wind is more variable and there are heavy squalls with of India, is low and sandy, with a small white pagoda on its ex-
rain in the latter part of the month. tremity. This pagoda is surrounded by a high wall, above which
4.1In November, the wind is normally between WNW and NE the top of the pagoda may be seen. A bungalow lies NW of the
and the weather is very unsettled with frequent heavy squalls pagoda. A conspicuous memorial, 37m high, lies close W of
and rain; the Northeast Monsoon usually becomes established the cape. The coast close W of the pagoda is barren and sandy,
by about the end of the month. but is wooded NE of it.

Pub. 173
110 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

4.3Cape Comorin Light and racon are shown from a square Manappad Point and the town of Periya Talai, about 6 miles
white tower, 34m high, and painted in red bands, about 0.3 WSW of the point. From June through August, when the
mile NW of the cape. A church, 54m high, lies in a village Southwest Monsoon is strong, heavy seas roll in on this part of
about 0.5 mile N of the cape. the coast, and vessels should then anchor off Alantalai or Pun-
4.3Good radar returns have been reported from Cape Comorin naikayal.
at 23 miles. The coast between Manappad Point and Tuticorin is low,
4.4

4.3Foul ground extends about 0.5 mile S and SE from the cape. sandy, and fringed with coconut trees.
An area of foul ground lies 1.5 miles offshore, about 6 miles W Between Manappad Point and the village of Alantalai, about
4.4

of Cape Comorin. 5.5 miles NNE, an area of foul rocky ground extends about 2.8
4.3The land rises gradually N of Cape Comorin so that from a miles offshore. There are heavy breakers over this area during
distance the cape appears as a sandy promontory. A mountain, the Northeast Monsoon; these breakers extend 1 mile SE of
370m high, about 4 miles NW of the cape, appears as a pointed Manappad Point.
cone except from E or S. A range, about 9 miles farther N, with Anchorage.—Anchorage by small vessels can be taken off
4.4

heights up to 1,041m, resembles a camel’s hump. Alantalai, in 7.3m, mud, with the church bearing 292°, distant
4.3Mahendra Giri, 1,657m high, lies about 19 miles N of the 1.8 miles. Protection from SW winds is afforded by the coastal
cape. These high peaks of the Western Ghats may be mistaken reef to the S.
at a great distance for the 370m mountain nearer to the cape.
4.3Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents off Cape Comorin set 4.5 Tiruchendur Point (8°30'N., 78°08'E.) is a low,
E during the flood and W during the ebb, but their direction rocky bluff headland, with a prominent dark-colored temple,
and strength are much affected by the ocean currents. 54m high, at its extremity. This pagoda is a useful mark and
4.3The coast between Cape Comorin and Manappad Point, can be seen for a distance of about 15 miles. A conspicuous
about 35.5 miles ENE, is somewhat higher than the remainder chimney, 28m high, painted in red and white bands and emit-
of the NW coast of the Gulf of Mannar, with undulating sand ting a flame, lies about 5 miles NNW of the point. In 1976, a
hills up to 60m high. The background consists of reddish soil depth of 14m was reported 9.3 miles ESE of the point.
and rises gradually to the foot of the Southern Ghats a few 4.5From Tiruchendur Point to abreast the fishing village of Pun-
miles inland. Many villages and whitewashed churches lie naikayal, about 8 miles N, the coastal reef extends about 2.3
along this coast, but landing in a ship’s boat is always difficult miles offshore. In heavy weather, the sea breaks on this reef in
and dangerous. depths of 4.6 to 5.5m; usually it breaks farther inshore in
4.3An obelisk, 8m high, lies on the coast about 2 miles N of depths of 3.7m.
Cape Comorin, and serves to mark the position of a stranded 4.5Punnaikayal, about 1 mile inland, can be identified by the ru-
wreck about 0.5 mile ESE. ins of a church and by a group of palmyra trees on the beach. A
4.3Caution.—When approaching Cape Comorin from the NW 4.6m patch lies about 3 miles E of the village.
during the Northeast Monsoon, a vessel sheltered by the coast 4.5Anchorage.—Anchorage for small vessels, in 7.3m, can be
as far as Muttam Point, about 14 miles W of the cape, may sud- found off Punnaikayal, about 1.5 miles offshore, with the
denly pass from a calm into the strength of the monsoon, even clump of trees bearing 258° remaining clear of the dangerous
if already well offshore. wreck N of the anchorage. The coastal reef to the S provides
4.3A dangerous obstruction was reported (2002) to lie about 8 shelter from S winds, but local knowledge is necessary.
miles WSW of Comorin Point.
Tuticorin (V. O. Chidambaranar Port)
4.4 East Cape (8°12'N., 77°47'E.) is prominent, and the (8°48'N., 78°10'E.)
coastal reef, with depths of 5.5m, extends about 1 mile offshore
near the cape. World Port Index No. 49320
Anchorage.—Shelter from W winds can be found in the
4.4

bight between Cape Comorin and East Cape, but during the 4.6 Tuticorin (Tuttukuddi) is the largest commercial town
Southwest Monsoon landing by ship’s boats should not be at- on the W side of the Gulf of Mannar. The port is an open road-
tempted as swells roll into the bight. stead, well-protected by the land to the W from the Southwest
Anchorage for small vessels can be obtained, in 7.3m, in the
4.4 Monsoon; it is available in all seasons.
bight N of East Cape, partially protected from W winds and 4.6The former Tuticorin Port Trust changed its name to V. O.
swell by the coast SW. Chidambaranar Port Trust in January, 2011.
Manappad Point (8°22'N., 78°04'E.) is a high sandy prom-
4.4 4.6The all-weather harbor of New Tuticorin, about 0.5 mile S of
ontory with a rock base. A light is shown from a white, round Tuticorin, handles the majority of cargo for the port. The port is
concrete tower with red diagonal stripes. The village of protected on its N side by North Breakwater, which is 2.3 miles
Manappad lies 0.8 mile W of the point. long, and on its S side by South Breakwater and Eastern Break-
Manappad Outer Shoal, with a least depth of 6.4m, lies about
4.4 water. A lighted special mark buoy lies approximately 0.7 mile
8 miles SE of Manappad Point. A 13.4m shoal, reported in SE of the Eastern Breakwater. The rocky sea bottom, making
1976, lies about 6 miles farther E. Other shoals lie WNW and dredging closer inshore impossible, necessitates these long
WSW. Vessels should avoid passing through this area, and in breakwaters. Natural depths of 11m become available only at a
thick weather should not get into depths less than 35m. distance of approximately 2 miles from shore. The entrance to
Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained during the
4.4 the harbor lies 3 miles SE of Pandiyan Tivu Light.
Northeast Monsoon, in 11m, about 1 mile offshore between 4.6Tuticorin also has a passenger terminal for ferry services be-

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 111

tween the port and Colombo, Sri Lanka. 4.6A drying reef extends up to 0.5 mile E of Pandiyan Island.
Orripar, a rock shoal with a least depth of 0.9m, lies about 0.3
V. O. Chidambaranar Port Trust mile N of Pandiyan Island.
4.6Kariapar, a rocky pinnacle with a depth of 1.5m, lies about
[Link] 0.8 mile NE of the NE extremity of Pandiyan Island. Rocky
pinnacles, each with a depth of 1.5m, lie about 0.2 mile E and
4.6Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Tuticorin is 1m at 0.5 mile ENE, respectively, of Kariapar.
MHWS and 0.7m at near HWN. 4.6Van Island, about 2.8 miles NNE of Pandiyan Island, lies on
4.6The currents along the coast, outside the islands near Tuticorin, a reef which extends about 0.5 mile NE and 0.4 mile SE from
generally set with the wind, varying in strength from 1 to 2 knots. it. A beacon, 10m high, lies on the S extremity of Van Tivu.
They are weak and variable at the change of the monsoons. When 4.6A boat channel, about 137m wide, marked by lighted buoys
there is a lull in the monsoon, there is a tendency for current to set and a lighted range, leads to the old piers at Tuticorin from a
into, instead of across, the Gulf of Mannar. position about 1.8 miles NE of the N end of Pandiyan Island.
4.6The tidal currents at Tuticorin set in a N direction with the The least depth alongside the piers and wharves at Tuticorin is
flood tide and in a S direction with the ebb. 2.4m.
4.6Aspect.—Vallanad (8°43'N., 77°54'E.), a conspicuous red
hill, 314m high, about 17 miles WSW of Tuticorin, may be
seen before Pandiyan Island Light is visible.
4.6Pandiyan Tivu Light is shown from the N end of Pandiyan
Island; a racon is situated at the light.
4.6A beacon, consisting of a white masonry obelisk, 10m high,
lies near the root of the S breakwater. Two water towers, with
heights of 29 and 22m, are conspicuous about 0.3 mile and 1.3
miles W, respectively, of the above light.

4.6Range lights, in line bearing 311.5°, lead into New Tuticorin;

the front light is shown from a metal framework tower lying
about midway along the N breakwater while the rear light is
shown from a similar tower 1 mile S of Pandiyan Tivu Light. A
light is shown from the head of the N breakwater. The channel
leading NW to the entrance of the new harbor is marked by
lighted buoys.
4.6The following objects in Tuticorin are conspicuous and easi-
ly identified:
1. The yellow spire of Sacred Heart Cathedral, about 0.2
mile NW of the pierhead light at Tuticorin.
2. A chimney, 45m high, and a water tower, about 0.2
mile ENE of the cathedral.
3. The gray spire of the Roman Catholic Church, about
Tuticorin Light 0.3 mile S of the cathedral.
4.6Pilotage.—Pilotage for Tuticorin and New Tuticorin is com-
Depths—Limitations.—The approach channel has been
4.6 pulsory; it is available 24 hours. Pilots board, as follows:
dredged to 14.7m (2011) and the area inside the breakwaters 1. Vessels with a draft of less than 12m—about 1.9 miles
has been dredged to 14.1m (2011). SE of East Breakwater Light.
Berth information is given in the accompanying table titled
4.6 2. Vessels with a draft of 12m and over—about 6.5 miles
Tuticorin—Berth Information. SE of East Breakwater Light.

Tuticorin—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
LOA Draft Size
Tuticorin Dry Cargo
VOC I 168m 183m 9.3m 25,000 dwt
VOC II 168m 183m 9.3m 40,000 dwt Chemicals, breakbulk, multipurpose, and bunkers. Continu-
VOC III 192m 245m 11.5m 50,000 dwt ous berthing length of 720m.
VOC IV 192m 245m 11.5m 50,000 dwt

Pub. 173
112 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Tuticorin—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
LOA Draft Size
No. 5 168m 183m 8.6m 40,000 dwt Containers, chemicals, breakbulk, and multipurpose. Contin-
No. 6 168m 245m 9.3m 40,000 dwt uous berthing length of 536m.
Others, breakbulk, bunkers. Continuous berthing length
No. 9 335m 235m 14.2m 93,000 dwt
685m.
Tuticorin Terminal—Zone A
Chemical gases, chemicals, clean products, dirty products,
Oil Jetty 32m 228m 13.0m 40,000 dwt
and LPG. Berthing length of 80m (including dolphins).
South Breakwater
Finger Pier 90m — 4.5m — Ro-ro/lo-lo, breakbulk, multipurpose, and bunkers.
Shallow
140m 120m 5.8m 6,000 dwt LPG and bunkers.
Draft Berth
Dakshin Bharat Gateway Terminal
No. 8 345m 310m 14.2m 93,000 dwt Containers, breakbulk, bunkers, and reefers.
PSA SICAL Container Terminal
No. 7 370m 270m 11.9m 50,000 dwt Containers, bunkers, and reefers.
Tuticorin Coal Terminal
Coal Jetty 1 301m 225m 13.0m 60,000 dwt Coal and bunkers.
Coal and bunkers. Berthing length of 318m (including dol-
Coal Jetty 2 210m 225m 13.0m 65,000 dwt
phins).
NCB I 320m 333m 14.0m 95,000 dwt
Coal and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of 920m.
NCB II 295m 245m 14.0m 80,000 dwt
NCB III 305m — 14.0m — Coal. Continuous berthing length of 920m.
NCB IV — — — — Coal. Under construction (2021).

4.6Pilots should be requested through the ship’s agent 72 hours South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
in advance. nals.”
4.6Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Tuticorin Pilots) on VHF Contact Information.—See the table titled Tuticorin—
4.6

channels 6, 14, and 16. Contact Information.

4.6Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be sent, via the
agent, 72 hours and 24 hours in advance and confirmed or Tuticorin—Contact Information
amended no less than 6 hours in advance.
4.6The ETA messages should contain the following informa- Port Authority
tion: Telephone 91-461-235-2290
1. Vessel’s name, nationality, and call sign.
2. Length, draft, and gross tonnage. Facsimile 91-461-235-2301
3. Last port of call and cargo. E-mail info@[Link]
4. Port of origin/destination of cargo.
5. Last port of call/next port of call. Web site [Link]
4.6Vessels must contact the signal station 1 hour prior to arrival Harbormaster
and upon arrival on VHF channel 12 or 16.
Telephone 91-461-235-2423
4.6Signals.—A signal station, with a flagstaff 29m high, lies on
the N end of Pandiyan Island. This station, manned day and Facsimile 91-461-235-3067
night, is connected to the mainland by telephone. Communica-
Signal Station
tion is by International Code of Signals.
4.6Storm signals are displayed from the signal station; the Gen- Call sign Tuticorin Port
eral System is used. Further information on these storm signals Facsimile VHF channels 6, 12, 14, and 16
may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 113

Tuticorin—Contact Information ticorin and the entrance of the Vaippar River, about 13 miles
NNE.
Telephone 91-461-235-2592
Tugs India—Valinokkam Point to Pamban Pass
VHF VHF channel 10 4.8 The coast between Valinokkam Point and Ramen
Pilots Point, about 32 miles ENE, is fronted by a chain of islands and
shoals extending up to 6 miles offshore. Depths outside this
Call sign Tuticorin Pilot
chain of islands and shoals are regular, but in places overfalls
VHF VHF channels 6, 14, and 16 occur.
An anchorage is located 2.5 miles NE of Valinokkam Point.
4.8

Anchorage.—There are three recommended anchorages,

4.6 A dangerous rock lies about 1 mile WSW of the anchorage.
with positions from East Breakwater Head Light, as follows: Large vessels should not navigate in depths less than 22m off
4.8

1. Alpha Anchorage, for drafts less than 12m, lies 3 this stretch of coast as the area is imperfectly surveyed and sev-
miles E. It has a least depth of about 14m, with a mud and eral relatively shoal patches are charted. They should not sight
sand bottom. any of the islands of which the chain is composed.
2. Bravo Anchorage, for drafts from 12 to 14.5m, lies 8 Kilakarai Passage, the shallow passage between the chain and
4.8

miles ESE. It has a depth of about 18m, with a sand and shell the coast, can only be used by small vessels; local knowledge is
bottom. necessary due to the numerous shoals, with depths of less than
3. Charlie Anchorage, for tankers with a draft of less 1.8m, and the narrow, undefined channels between them. The
than 14.5m, lies 3.5 miles NE. It has a least depth of about passage affords a smooth passage for small coastal vessels for
15m, with a sand bottom. half the distance between Tuticorin and Pamban.
During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels should have a good
4.6 Valinokkam Point (9°09'N., 78°39'E.) is marked by a bea-
4.8

scope of anchor chain and a second anchor always ready as con, 6m high. A submerged rock is marked by a beacon about
there are many dangers to leeward. 1.5 miles NE. These beacons are useful marks for vessels mak-
During the Southwest Monsoon, from about mid-May to
4.6 ing the W entrance of Kilakarai Passage, between Valinokkam
mid-August, the wind, though sometimes violent, is invariably Point and Anaipar Tivu (Anapipar Tivu), about 2 miles E.
offshore, and the sea is calm or slight. The passage then leads S of a submerged rock, marked by a
4.8

Caution.—Vessels approaching the anchorage should make

4.6 beacon, about 4 miles ENE of Valinokkam Point, and then to the
sure of their position, as the coast is low and the shoals extend anchorage off Kilakarai. A light is shown from a white hexagonal
some distance from it. Vessels making the anchorage at night concrete tower with red bands, 30m high, at Kilakarai.
should approach to seaward of all off-lying dangers. Pilotage.—Pilots for Kilakarai Passage and for Pamban Pass
4.8

Several wrecks and foul ground lie between 1.5 and 2.3
4.6 are stationed at Kilakarai (9°14'N., 78°47'E.).
miles E and ESE of Pandiyan Island Light. Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken off Kilakarai by
4.8

A jetty is under construction close SW of position 8°45.2'N,

4.6 small vessels; local knowledge is necessary. Anchorage, some-
78°12.6'E; dredging operations are being conducted in the what sheltered from the Southwest Monsoon, can also be taken
same general area. off Muttupetai Betel (9°16'N., 78°55'E.).
Jetties, wharves and an overhead transporter have been es-
4.6

tablished in an area NW of the charted N breakwater. The Gulf of Mannar—North Side

India—Tuticorin to Valinokkam Point 4.9 The N side of the Gulf of Mannar is formed by Pamban
Island and Adam’s Bridge, both described in paragraph 4.11,
4.7 The town of Pattanamarudur (8°55'N., 78°11'E.), and Mannar Island, described in paragraph 4.12.
with some large trees visible up to 10 miles offshore, lies at the 4.9Pamban Pass (9°17'N., 79°12'E.) is the navigable channel,
head of this bight, about 7 miles N of Tuticorin. The bight is partly artificial, through the banks which occupy the space be-
filled by a flat, with depths of less than 5.5m, extending up to tween the W end of Pamban Island and the mainland. It is of
about 4.5 miles offshore. Kariya Shuli and Vilangu Shuli, two great advantage to coastal craft trading between ports on the W
low-lying sandy islets, lie on this flat. coast of India and ports of the Bay of Bengal.
4.7Between the Vaippar River and Vembar, about 7 miles NE, A rocky barrier extends in a straight line between the W
shoal water, with depths under 5.5m, extends up to 3.5 miles coast of Pamban Island and Ramen Point, about 1.3 miles W.
offshore. Two shoals, with least depths of 4.6 and 2.7m, lie 4.5 Pamban Viaduct, which carries the South India Railway is built
miles SE and 4 miles S, respectively, of Vembar. on this barrier. Pamban Viaduct has a vertical clearance of
4.7Between Vembar and Valinokkam Point, about 18 miles 16m.
ENE, the coast is low, sandy, and covered with palm trees. De- 4.9A cutting, 61m wide, through the barrier and crossed by a
tached shallow flats, on some of which are islands, lie from 1 rolling lift bridge, lies about 0.2 mile W of Pamban Island. The
to 5 miles offshore along this coast. bridge is under the control of the Port Conservator at Pamban,
4.7Caution.—Vessels, other than small coasting vessels, should who requires 30 minutes notice to open the bridge; in an emer-
not approach the coast between Tuticorin and Valinokkam gency it can be opened immediately.
Point, about 37 miles NE, closer than 6 or 7 miles due to the 4.9On the W side of Pamban Pass the barrier is named The
many off-lying shoals. The coastline forms a bight between Tu- Great Dam. It consists of large masses of flat-surfaced rocks,

Pub. 173
114 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

which were formerly portions of a causeway that extended Tivu (Kursadi Tivu). The extensive coral reef dries in places;
from Pamban Island to the mainland. The N face of the dam is its N edge is well defined at low water, but its S edge is indent-
steep-to, and at LW presents a wall-like appearance, but the ed and the sea breaks on it. Beacons mark the S and NW sides
boulders are sufficiently separated to allow a free passage to of Pulli Reef.
the water. Kurisadi Beacon No. 2, 7m high, lies in the middle of Kuri-
4.10

4.9Ramen Point is the E extremity of a narrow tongue of land sadi Tivu. Kurisadi Beacon No. 1, 4.8m high, lies about 0.2
projecting E from the coast. A temple in ruins lies about 183m mile NW of Kurisadi Beacon No. 2, on the N edge of Pulli
W of the point; a coconut plantation lies about 183m farther W. Reef.
4.9Depths—Limitations.—In 1979, it was reported that the Shingle Island, low and covered with scrub, lies nearly 1
4.10

maximum draft for vessels using the pass was limited to 2.1m. mile ESE of Kurisadi Tivu. The island lies on Kallaru Reef, a
4.9The pass is used by some coastal vessels of from 200 to 800 coral reef, on the SW edge of which the sea breaks heavily. A
gt and about 61m in length; these are as large as can safely conspicuous triangular white beacon, 9.5m high with a black
transit the channel. band, lies on the E end of Shingle Island.
4.9Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Pamban Pass is 0.7m at Kundugal Channel is the better and more direct approach to
4.10

MHWS, and 0.5m at MHWN. Pamban Pass from the S. Having passed the outlying dangers
4.9The pass is well-marked with beacons, buoys, and is easy to near Lands End and Manalli Shoal, steer to pass E of Kallaru
navigate. Reef for a position ESE of Kundug Point, from where the
4.9Tidal currents are only noticeable at the change of the mon- channel leads W into Kundugal Gut.
soon in March, April, and October. At other times they are The tidal current sets W through Kundugal Channel on the
4.10

masked by the S current during the Northeast Monsoon, and by flood, and then W along the N edge of Pulli Reef, where it
the N current during the Southwest Monsoon. These currents joins with the flood current through Puma Channel. The com-
often attain velocities of 6 knots, making passage of the pass bined currents then set N, but they are weak unless influenced
difficult. by strong S winds.
4.9Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for merchant vessels. Li- Anchorage.—There is anchorage, in 5.8 to 7m, in Kundugal
4.10

censed pilots at Pamban are under the orders of the Pamban Channel.
Port Conservator. Pilots are stationed at Kundugal Point Directions.—Vessels approaching Pamban Pass from the S
4.10

(9°15'N., 79°13'E.), the SW extremjmity of Pamban Island, should use great care as the off-lying islands are low and there
Mundel Point at the W end of Pamban Island, and on the N are no hills or conspicuous landmarks. During the Southwest
side of Pamban Pass, to look out for vessels approaching Pam- Monsoon, haze frequently overhangs and obscures the islands.
ban. There are no official signals for vessels needing a pilot, Vessels over 4.6m draft should not approach within depths of
but local craft usually display a red or white flag. 15m until their position is accurately determined. Less water
4.9Signals.—Flag P of the International Code of Signals, dis- than charted was reported (2002) in the S approaches.
played from the port offices flagstaff at Pamban, indicates the The first landmarks identifiable from seaward are Ra-
4.10

bridge is fully open. This flag displayed from the N yardarm in- meswaram Temple (9°17'N., 79°19'E.), 50m high, appearing as a
dicates that vessels from N may pass through, and from the S large square tower viewed from NE or SW and as a narrow pinna-
yardarm indicates that vessels from the S have priority. cle from SE or NW; Gandhamana Temple, 44m high, about 1 mile
4.9Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken 1 mile NW of Pam- NW, lying in a large enclosure, but less conspicuous; Pamban
ban Island Light, in a depth of about 7m, mud, good holding Light, a white tower, on a sandhill on the NW point of Pamban Is-
ground, with Pamban Island Light bearing between 122° and land; a red square water tower on a framework structure, 18m
134°. high, about 5 miles W of Pamban Light, and conspicuous when
bearing less than 050°; and the beacon close E of Manauli Tivu,
Pamban Pass—Approaches Pumurichan, and Shingle Island.
Vessels approaching Kundugal Channel, which is the better
4.10

4.10 Mansfield Patch (9°10'N., 79°18'E.), with a least and more direct approach, should, after having passed the out-
depth of 5.8m, about 7 miles SE of Kundugal Point, is the N lying dangers, steer to pass about 0.4 mile E of Shingle Island,
and shallowest of a group of detached patches. Batt Patch, with taking care to avoid the shoals E. When the beacon about 0.3
a least depth of 4.9m, lies about 2.8 miles WNW of Mansfield mile NE of Kundugal Point bears 286°, steer for Kundugal
Patch; the sea breaks on Batt Patch in a fresh breeze. Gut, passing S of Kundugal Point. Continue W and bring Kuri-
Manauli Reef, with its E edge about 4 miles SW of Kundu-
4.10 sadi Beacon No. 1 and Kurisadi Beacon No. 2 in line, astern,
gal Point, consists of coral and dries in places. The E end of the bearing 130°; this range leads through Sand Bank Channel
reef is marked by beacons. Manauli Tivu (Manilla Tivu), with a passing close SW both of a buoy, moored 0.6 mile W of Kun-
conspicuous white beacon close E, lies about 2 miles from the dugal Point, and a buoy moored 0.5 mile further WNW. Keep
E end of the Reef. close to beacons marking the SW side of the latter channel, and
Pulli Shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m and over which the
4.10 SW of Elbow Buoy, a red conical buoy at the junction of Sand
sea breaks, lies about 3 miles E of Manauli Tivu. Puma Chan- Bank Channel and The Basin, a narrow unmarked channel
nel, leading to Pamban Pass, lies between Manauli Reef and marked by beacons leading NNE, with depths of 4.6 to 6.7m in
Pulli Shoal. the fairway. A NNE course through The Basin leads to the S
Pulli Reef, N of Pulli Shoal, has three islands on it. Pumuri-
4.10 entrance Pamban Pass.
chan, along the W edge, has a conspicuous beacon, 10m high, A buoy moored 0.5 mile SW of Elbow Buoy marks a shoal
4.10

on its SW side; Pumurichan Tivu, farther SE; and Kurisadi ground of less than 1m on the W side of the deeper water at the

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 115

intersection of Sand Bank Channel and The Basin. with the railway bridge between Mannar Island and Sri Lanka
Puma Channel, the SW approach, only available to those
4.10 bearing 099°, about 5 miles.
with local knowledge, demands navigation by eye. Manauli During the Northeast Monsoon, good anchorage can be ob-
4.12

Reef, on the W side, is well-marked on its S and E sides by tained by vessels drawing not more than 4.3m, about 1.5 miles
breaking seas. off the W part of the island.
Mandapam South Beacon (9°17'N., 79°09'E.), in line bear-
4.10

ing 338° with a beacon on a low hill NNW, leads into Puma Sri Lanka—West Coast—Mannar Island to
Channel. When the beacon on the SW side of Pumurichan Kudremalai Point
bears 060°, vessels should steer NE through Puma East Chan-
nel; then steer along the N edge of Pulli Reef and into the chan- 4.13 Doric Beacon (8°47'N., 79°56'E.), a white masonry
nel N of Pulli Reef, marked by beacons; and finally steering tower about 7.5 miles N of the mouth of the Kal Aru, is con-
into Sand Bank Channel and following the directions given spicuous seaward in favorable light. About 1.5 miles N of the
above. tower is the S of several mouths of the Aruvi Aru. A white obe-
The vessels bound for the drydock at Mandapam, about 0.5
4.10 lisk lies on the N entrance point of the Kal Aru.
mile E of Mandapam South Beacon, should pass through Puma In the bight between the mouth of the Kal Aru and Adam’s
4.13

Channel as described and, leaving Cana Paru Reef about 0.3 Bridge, about 30 miles NW, are pearl banks extending up to 10
mile to port, continue on the 338° range line until 1.3 miles miles offshore and with depths of less than 11m.
from Mandapam South Beacon; local knowledge is necessary Numerous rocks nearly awash lie about 1 to 5 miles S of
4.13

from this point. Doric Beacon.

The drydock at Mandapam is 81m long and 15m wide, with
4.10 Silavatturai Reef lies about 4 miles SW of Doric Beacon. Ar-
4.13

the sill 2m below chart datum. ripu Reef extends from close NW of the above reef to about 4
miles farther NW. Both reefs have depths of less than 1.8m. A
Pamban Island beacon marks the N end of Arippu Reef. Vankalai Reef, about
5 miles NW of Arippu Reef, dries at its SE end; between the
4.11 Pamban Island (9°17'N., 79°18'E.) is low, sandy, and two reefs there is a 0.9m patch.
well-planted with coconut trees towards its W end, where a Shoal water, with depths of less than 11m, extends about 12
4.13

broad peninsula extends about 3 miles N. A light stands on the miles offshore between the mouth of the Kal Aru and Modere-
NE extremity of this peninsula. gam Point (8°36'N., 79°55'E.).
Lands End (9°10'N., 79°26'E.) is the SE extremity of Pam-
4.11 Cheval Bank, with a least depth of 4.6m, lies about 11 miles
4.13

ban Island; a small but conspicuous building lies near the point. W of the mouth of the Kal Aru. A submerged obstruction, dan-
Dhanushkodi, about 2 miles NW of Lands End, is a railroad
4.11 gerous to navigation, was reported (1958) on the bank.
terminal; the red-roofed railway buildings are conspicuous. A beacon, consisting of a white obelisk, 29m high, lies about
4.13

Chuttram, close SE of Dhanushkodi, lies within a clump of

4.11 0.5 mile S of Moderegam Point, and is visible up to 15 miles
palm trees about 24m high and is easily identified. seaward when the light is favorable.
Mukkundaraya Chattram, a bushy dune about 2.5 miles far-
4.11 Anchorage.—Small vessels can anchor, in about 6.1m, from
4.13

ther NW, is easily identified. 2 to 3 miles W of the above beacon. Vessels should approach
Adam’s Bridge is a narrow ridge of sand and rocks, mostly
4.11 this anchorage passing N of Cheval Bank.
dry, which connects Pamban Island with Mannar Island, about Caution.—It is not advisable to close the coast of Sri Lanka
4.13

16 miles ESE. It is composed mostly of shifting sand banks, when N of Karaitivu (8°28'N., 79°48'E.), because of the ex-
with intricate shallow channels between them. tensive shoal banks lying off the coast.
Shoal water extends up to 5 miles from the ridge, with
4.11 Great caution should be exercised if obliged to navigate in
4.13

depths under 11m. Farther seaward, depths increase sharply to depths of less than 5.5m for a distance of about 10 miles N of
over 183m about 12 miles SW of Adam’s Bridge. Moderegam Point due to several uncharted coral heads with
depths of less than 0.6m in the area.
Mannar Island
Sri Lanka—West Coast—Kudremalai Point to
4.12 Mannar Island (9°05'N., 79°50'E.) is separated from Negombo Point
Sri Lanka by a boat channel which is crossed by a conspicuous
railway bridge and a road bridge. The island is wooded and has 4.14 Kudremalai Point (8°32'N., 79°52'E.) is steep and
low sand hills on its SW side for a distance of about 5 miles rocky, with three long sand mounds S of it. A white masonry
from its SE end. At the W end, there are coconut and other tower, 68.5m high, known as Kudremalai Tower, lies on the
palms near the villages. highest of these mounds. A beacon, 38m high, consisting of a
A disused structure, consisting of a conspicuous black steel
4.12 black tripod with a diamond-shaped topmark, stands on the
framework tower, 28m high, lies on the W end of Mannar Is- point.
land. Karaitivu (Kara Tivu), long and narrow, lies with its N end
4.14

Tides—Currents.—During the Southwest Monsoon, a

4.12 about 5.5 miles W of Kudremalai Point; the island is breached
strong current sets N over Adam’s Bridge, but abates towards about 2 miles from its S end. The area between Karaitivu and
the W and towards the Indian coast. A confused sea is general- Cheval Bank has not been completely examined; further shoal-
ly encountered near Mannar Island. ing has been reported.
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in 5.5m, mud,
4.12 Portugal Bay, E of Karaitivu, is shallow and offers anchorage
4.14

Pub. 173
116 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

to small vessels, in a depth of 5.5m, but local knowledge is heads with depths of less than 1.8m. The sea breaks over the
necessary. reef during the Southwest Monsoon, and even in calm weather
Anchorage.—Vessels with a draft not exceeding 4.3m can
4.14 rollers occur.
obtain good anchorage, in a charted depth of about 6.1m, about The entrance to the Kelani Ganga lies about 0.8 mile NE of
4.16

2 miles W of Kudremalai Tower. Mutwal Point. The coast, for about 5 miles N of the river en-
Dutch Bay, entered S of Karaitivu, is shallow.
4.14 trance, is sandy and thickly fringed with coconut trees.
Bar Reef, which dries, lies about 3 miles W of the entrance
4.14 A beacon, 8m high and painted white, lies about 2.3 miles N
4.16

to Dutch Bay. of the entrance to the Kelani Ganga.

4.15 The coast between Dutch Bay and Chilaw Point, Colombo (6°57'N., 79°51'E.)
about 45 miles S, is formed by the seaward side of a narrow
peninsula. World Port Index No. 49240
A white tower, known as Aruakalu Tower, lies on the summit
4.15

of a 79m hill about 4.5 miles NE of Kalpitya (8°14'N., 4.17 Colombo, the principal port of Sri Lanka, lies be-
79°46'E.). tween Galbokka Point (6°56'N., 79°50'E.) and Mutwal Point,
A shallow flat of rock and sand extends about 7 miles SW
4.15 about 2 miles NNE. Galbokka Point is a black rocky knoll con-
from the coast abreast Mampuri (7°59'N., 79°45'E.). A 3.7m nected by a short sandy isthmus to the land at the S end of Co-
shoal lies on this flat about 4.3 miles WSW of Mampuri and lombo Harbor.
about 3.5 miles offshore; this shoal is particularly dangerous as The harbor is artificially formed by three breakwaters, as fol-
4.17

depths over 183m are about 1.5 miles W of it. lows:

Vessels passing the peninsula should keep 7 miles offshore
4.15 1. Southwest Breakwater (Queen Elizabeth Quay)—ex-
and in depths over 37m to avoid the above-mentioned shoal. tending NNE from the shore at the S end of the harbor.
A reef, above and below-water, lies about 3.5 miles N of
4.15 2. Northwest Breakwater—a detached breakwater.
Chilaw Point and about 0.5 mile offshore. 3. Northeast Breakwater—extending W from Mutwal
Chilaw Point (7°36'N., 79°48'E.) can be identified by a sand
4.15 Point.
hill and a round hummock nearby. A red can buoy is moored A foul area is located on the inner side of the Northwest Break-
4.17

about 3.5 miles WSW of the point. water. The S end of the harbor is connected with Beira Lake by a
Anchorage.—Anchorage for small vessels can be obtained,
4.15 canal with locks; the canal is dredged to a depth of 3m.
in 11m, about 1.8 miles NW of Chilaw Point. Vessels making
this anchorage from the S should keep 4 or 5 miles offshore Sri Lanka Ports Authority Home Page
and close to the land near the point.
The coast from Chilaw Point to Negombo Point, about 24
4.15
[Link]
miles S, is almost featureless except for a break in its fringe of
coconut trees, about 4 miles N of Negombo Point, marking the Winds—Weather.—The Southwest Monsoon brings heavy
4.17

entrance to Maha Oya. rain and winds which occasionally reach gale force. During
this time a moderate swell runs in the harbor, making cargo
Sri Lanka—West Coast—Negombo Point to Co- handling difficult.
lombo Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Colombo is 0.7m at
4.17

MHWS, and 0.5m at MHWN.

4.16 Negombo Point (7°12'N., 79°48'E.) has been report- The current off Colombo is variable; its velocity seldom ex-
4.17

ed to give good radar returns at 22 miles. The twin towers of a ceeds 0.5 knot. Near shoal water the current sets N at a velocity
church in Negombo, E of the point, are conspicuous. A church of 1.5 knots during the Northeast Monsoon, resulting in an E
with a red roof and low twin towers, together with a school set off the W entrance; this has also been reported during the
house about 183m NNW, is conspicuous about 5.5 miles S of Southwest Monsoon.
the point. Depths—Limitations.—The W entrance, between South-
4.17

A narrow reef, with a least charted depth of 2.7m, lies with

4.16 west Breakwater and Northwest Breakwater, has a maintained
its S end about 2 miles NNW of Negombo Point; a dangerous depth of 18m; the approach, marked by lighted buoys and a di-
wreck lies at the SE of the reef. rectional light, is maintained to 20m. There is a disturbed swell
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in the Negombo
4.16 across this entrance during the Southwest Monsoon.
Waiting Area, W of the point, as seen on the chart. The N entrance, between Northwest Breakwater and North-
4.17

Caution.—A 14.2m shoal extends over 3 miles N from a po-

4.16 east Breakwater, has a dredged depth of 13m in its approaches.
sition about 8.5 miles WSW of Negombo Point. A depth of 8.6m lies close outside this entrance, about 0.1 mile
N of the head of Northeast Breakwater.
Mutwal Point (6°58'N., 79°51'E.), at the N end of Colombo
4.16 Vessels should navigate with caution in the approaches as
4.17

Harbor, lies about 14.5 miles S of Negombo Point. A trawler buoys marking the approach to the inner harbor basin may have
harbor, with a fishing harbor close E, lies NE of the point; a been moved, withdrawn, or replaced due to the opening of the
breakwater shelters each harbor from W. new port facility W of the inner harbor basin. Vessels should
Kalapu Gala, a narrow rocky reef, extends about 4 miles N
4.16 contact the Port Authority for current information.
from about 0.3 mile ENE of Mutwal Point; the reef lies parallel Dredging is carried out periodically to maintain the dredged
4.17

to the coast and about 0.5 mile offshore, with several rocky depths.

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 117

A scend of up to 1m can be experienced in the harbor.

4.17 will not be seen from any great distance, but in exceptionally
Vessels may enter and leave the harbor by whichever en-
4.17 clear weather, Adam’s Peak and the other mountains of Sri
trance is more convenient, subject to the depth limitation for Lanka may be visible from a great distance.
the N entrance. Approaching from the W, the buildings in that part of the
4.17

Vessels are not permitted to navigate the harbor, or to lie at

4.17 town, at the S end of the harbor, and known as The Fort, will
moorings with less than 0.6m under their bottoms, except by first be seen at a distance of about 12 miles. Hotel Taprobane,
special permission of the port authorities. with three small round turrets; the Clock Tower, which is con-
Colombo Marine Terminal (6°58.7'N., 79°46.5'E.), a tanker
4.17 spicuous; and the offices of the Bank of Ceylon, are among the
SPM buoy, is situated 4.5 miles NW of Colombo Light. Vessels several prominent buildings in The Fort.
with a maximum draft of 19m can be accommodated. A sub- Colombo Light (6°56'N., 79°50'E.), on the W side of The
4.17

marine pipeline is laid in an ESE direction from the buoy to the Fort, about 91m within Galbokka Point, is a circular stone tow-
root of the Northeast Breakwater. All shipping, other than tank- er, 15m high, painted in black and white checkers.
ers using the SPM buoy, are advised to keep clear of the area Good radar returns have been reported from Colombo Light
4.17

covering a radius of 1.2 miles centered on the SPM. Passage and Colombo breakwaters at 20 and 18 miles, respectively. A
through this area is prohibited. conspicuous white monument on four yellow curved legs lies
Kerawalapitiya Terminal (7°00.9'N., 79°49.8'E.) is an off-
4.17 at an elevation of 82m about 0.3 NNW of Galbokka Point.
shore LNG terminal consisting of a CBM and four mooring On nearer approach to the harbor, the following landmarks
4.17

buoys. Vessels up to 20,000m3 and 10,000 dwt, with a maxi- may be identified:
mum draft of 7m, and a lengths of 90 to 165m, can be accom- 1. Silos, 64m high and marked by red obstruction lights,
modated. The terminal is surrounded by a restricted area with a at the NE corner of the harbor.
radius of 1,000m. Another SBM for oil tankers is located about 2. A tall red brick chimney, close W of the drydock, in
1.5 miles NW of the LNG terminal and is surrounded by a re- the NE part of the harbor.
stricted area with a radius of about 0.4 mile. All vessels not us- 3. St. James Church, with twin towers, and St. Lucia’s
ing the terminals are required to keep clear. Cathedral, with a dome, about 1.5 miles NE of Galbokka
South Harbor, a new port facility enclosed by a breakwater
4.17 Point.
on the W extending from Galbokka Point (6°56.2'N., 4. All Saints’ Church, with a tall spire, about 1.3 miles E
79°50.4'E.) and on the N from a breakwater extending from of Galbokka Point.
near the head of the South Asia Gateway Terminal, has been Galle Face Hotel, a large red building, is conspicuous on the
4.17

established W of the South Asia Gateway Terminal. A new coast, about 1 mile S of the latter point. The Town Hall, with a
channel, marked by a directional light and lighted buoys, with white dome, is also conspicuous about 1 mile farther E.
a dredged to a depth of 20m, leads SE to the new harbor basin. South of Galbokka Point to Mount Lavinia, about 6.5 miles
4.17

The new harbor basin has been dredged to a depth of 18m. It S, a narrow ridge of rocks, awash in some places and with the
has been reported (2013) the new facilities are now open. appearance of a barrier reef, lies about 183m offshore. Along
South Harbor will consist of four 1,200m long terminals, each this stretch, the railway stations at Kollupitiya, Bambalapitiya,
having three berths with 18m depths alongside. Future plans Wellawatt, and Dehiwala, with their stone-covered louvered
include increasing the alongside depths to 23m and for an East exteriors, show up prominently at the edge of the beach in the
Containers Terminal to be developed (2014). Vessels should afternoon light.
contact the Port Authority for current information. Mount Lavinia (6°50'N., 79°52'E.) can be identified by a
4.17

The Colombo International Container Terminal is operation-

4.17 hotel which is radar conspicuous, a large white building, 29m
al; contact the port authority for further information. high, lying on a rocky point on the shore. The land rises behind
Berth information is given in the accompanying table titled
4.17 the hotel, forming a dark background, rendering it the most
Colombo—Berth Information. conspicuous object on this part of the coast, and visible in fa-
Aspect.—The land in the vicinity of Colombo is low and
4.17 vorable light, 12 miles offshore.

Colombo—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside LOA Draft
Bandaranaike Quay
No. 1 205m 10.0m 160m 7.2m
Breakbulk. Continuous berthing length of 410m.
No. 2 205m 10.0m 160m 9.4m
No. 2A 130m 10.9m 128m 8.6m Breakbulk.
No. 3 212m 9.4m 276m 9.1m
Breakbulk. Continuous berthing length of 424m.
No. 4 212m 9.4m 180m 9.1m
Coastal Berths
CB1 100m 8.0m 98m 6.1m Breakbulk.

Pub. 173
118 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Colombo—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside LOA Draft
CB2 85m 6.0m 86m 4.8m Breakbulk.
Colombo International Container Terminal (CICT)
1 — 18.0m 400m 16.0m
2 — 18.0m 400m 16.0m Containers and reefers. Continuous berthing length of
3 — 18.0m 400m 16.0m 1,200m.
4 — 18.0m 400m 16.0m
East Container Terminal
Stage 1 450m 18.0m 366m — Containers. Maximum size of 18,000teu.
Feeder Berth
Feeder Berth 193m 10.0m 155m — Maximum size of 10,000dwt. Maximum beam of 34.21m
Jaya Container Terminal (JTC)
1 300m 12.0m 290m 11.3m Containers. Continuous berthing length of 632m. Maximum
2 332m 13.0m 295m 12.3m size of 65,000dwt.
3 330m 15.0m 366m 14.25m
Containers. Continuous berthing length of 660m.
4 330m 15.0m 366m 14.25m
North Feeder
172m — 130m 6.8m Others.
Berth (NFB)
South Feeder
180m 9.0m 170m — Containers.
Berth (SFB)
Passenger Terminal
Passenger
180m — 265m 10.0m Cruise vessels. Berthing length 243m (including dolphins).
Berth (PJ)
South Asia Gateway Terminal (SAGT)
No. 1 313m 15.0m 300m 14.25m
No. 2 313m 15.0m 300m 14.25m Containers. Continuous berthing length of 940m.
No. 3 313m 15.0m 300m 14.25m
Guide Pier
GP 01 165m 9.0m 170m 7.9m Clean products and breakbulk.
GP 02 190m 9.15m 170m 9.15m Chemicals, clean products, LPG, and PCC.
Note.—CP01 and CP02 have a continuous berthing length of 360m.
Prince Vijaya Quay (PVQ)
Chemicals, clean products, and cement. Berthing length of
PVQ 1 185m 9.7m 140m 9.15m
370m (including dolphins).
PVQ 2 185m 9.7m 170m 9.45m Clean products, LPG, cement, and breakbulk.
South Pier
South Pier 270m — 160m 9.15m Chemicals, clean products, cement, and breakbulk.
Unity Container Terminal (UCT)
New North Pier 200m 11.0m 200m 10.3m Chemicals, clean products, cement, and breakbulk.

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 119

Colombo—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside LOA Draft
East Berth 170m 9.0m 294m 9.0- LPG, ro-ro, freight, containers, and breakbulk. Continuous
West Berth 170m 9.0m 272m 11.0m berthing length of 370m.
Colombo Marine Terminal
Clean products and bunkers. Maximum size of 40,000 dwt.
Dolphin Tanker
90m 12.5m 230m 11.8m Maximum displacement of 50,000t. Maximum beam of
Berth (DTB)
32.2m.
Crude and bunkers. Maximum size of180,000 dwt. Maxi-
SPM No. 1 — 33.0m 298m 18.9m
mum displacement of 225,000t. Maximum beam of 43m
SPM No. 2 — — 190m 11.8m Crude and bunkers. Maximum beam of 32.2m.
Kerawalapitiya Terminal
Shell LPG — 14.0m 165m 7.0m LPG andbunkers.

Colombo—Drydock Information
Depth over
Drydock Breadth * Length Capacity
sill **
Drydock No. 1 26.0m 9.7m 213m 30,000 dwt
Drydock No. 2 16.5m 6.7m 107m 9,000 dwt
Drydock No. 3 16.0m 5.5m 122m 8,000 dwt
Drydock No. 4 44.0m 8.9m 263m 100,000 dwt
** At MHWS
* At the entrance

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all merchant vessels

4.17 3. By night, a bright light to be shown midway between
except those exempted by the port authorities. Pilots are avail- the rail and the water to indicate the position of the ladder
able 24 hours, although it is unusual for a pilot to board be- and the manropes.
tween 0000 and 0400. Port Control will advise which boarding 4. In vessels of high freeboard fitted with gangway
ground to approach. doors, the lee door should be opened and the ladder hung
Pilots contact information, see the table titled Colombo—
4.17 from there. In the event of weather conditions being such as
Contact Information to prevent the vessel being boarded by a pilot outside the
The pilot station is located on the spur of Southwest Break-
4.17 harbor, the appropriate signals will be displayed at the pilot
water. station. The vessel may, at the discretion of the port authori-
A vessel wishing to take a pilot should make one of the sig-
4.17 ties, be given the option of proceeding into harbor and pick-
nals prescribed by the International Code of Signals and indi- ing up the pilot inside, the vessel being instructed by signal
cate the name and draft as soon as the vessel arrives within whether to run in or stand off.
visual signaling distance of the port. The option to enter is not given at night under normal cir-
4.17

Pilots board, as follows:

4.17 cumstances.
1. Boarding Ground A (6°59.0'N., 79°48.5'E.). Vessels waiting to enter should remain under way as conve-
4.17

2. Boarding Ground B (7°00.5'N., 79°47.5'E.). nient, well clear of both entrances.

Vessels are cautioned, unless boarded by a pilot or previous-
4.17 In normal circumstances the pilot will leave an outbound
4.17

ly ordered to do so, not to approach the port within the 1 mile vessel as it passes the pilot station.
limit. Vessels should also stay clear of the reclamation and re- If at any time assistance is required from the port authorities,
4.17

stricted areas. the signal should be made for a pilot.

The following provisions should be made to assist the pilot
4.17 Regulations.—Vessels in Colombo Harbor, after they have
4.17

in boarding: been moored to the satisfaction of the port authorities, are re-
1. A pilot ladder on the lee side. A boat rope is not re- sponsible for tending their own lines.
quired. Vessels should send their ETA via their agent 5 days, 72
4.17

2. Two man ropes of at least 3 inch line, with the lower hours, and 48 hours prior to arrival.
ends free, are to be hung from the vessel’s rail. Vessels should contact Colombo Port Control on VHF chan-
4.17

Pub. 173
120 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

nel 10 or 16 when within range to obtain berthing and anchor- b. Sound short blasts on the siren or whistle.
ing instructions. The above signals will be observed by either the pilot station,
4.17

A vessel intending to leave the harbor should contact Colom-

4.17 the harbor police, or the port fire brigade; a motorboat will then
bo Port Control at least 1 hour prior to departure on VHF chan- be dispatched to the scene.
nel 10 or 16, stating its ETD; confirmation of the departure When a large red flag is displayed on a floating crane en-
4.17

time should be sent 30 minutes prior to departure. gaged on new construction work, all vessels passing or in the
Vessels must maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF
4.17 vicinity are to proceed at such a speed that they cause no wash
channel 16. or any kind, or disturbance affecting the crane.
Signals.—The signals in use in Colombo Harbor are shown
4.17 The appropriate quarantine signal is to be displayed by all
4.17

in the accompanying table titled Colombo—Port Signals; the vessels arriving in the harbor and no person except the pilot is
flags are from the International Code of Signals. to be allowed to board or leave the vessel until pratique is giv-
The port signal station and pilot station are sited together.
4.17 en. Vessels having, or having had within 10 days prior to arriv-
The signal station maintains a day watch, but the pilot station al, any infectious disease are placed in quarantine for a period
maintains a 24-hour watch. decided by the port health officials. In such a case, the vessel
Any vessel observing that a person has fallen overboard from
4.17 may have to anchor in the roadstead or other place as directed
any ship, boat, lighter, or other craft should make the following by the port authorities.
signals: Vessels in quarantine must display the necessary signals.
4.17

1. By day: Vessels discharging dangerous petroleum are surrounded, at

4.17

a. Hoist International Code Flag O, and haul it up and a distance of not less than 30m, by a rope boom floated on red
down to attract attention. wooden buoys and displaying the following signals; by day, a
b. Sound short blasts on the siren or whistle. red flag over a green flag; by night, four lights vertically dis-
2. At night: posed, red and green alternately.
a. Flash the letter O in Morse Code in the direction of Contact Information.—See the table titled Colombo—
4.17

the pilot station. Contact Information.

Colombo—Port Signals
Day Night Meaning
Hoisted at the pilot station flagstaff when vessels are
Red ball Fixed red light. required to run out extra mooring lines to the buoys
and to prepare a second anchor for letting go.
Hoisted at the pilot station flagstaff when weather
Flags UM Four red lights vertically disposed. conditions are such as to prevent the pilot boarding
vessels outside the harbor.
Vessel is on fire. Attention can be called to this signal
Three red lights vertically disposed, 2m apart,
Flags IT by a continuous sounding with any fog signaling
hoisted where best seen.
apparatus.
Flag G Two red lights vertically disposed. A pilot is required.
Flags POL White, red, and white lights vertically disposed. The police are required.
Flag W Red, white and red lights vertically disposed. The port surgeon is required.

Colombo—Contact Information Colombo—Contact Information

Port Control Facsimile 94-11-244-0651
Call sign Colombo Port Control E-mail info@[Link]
VHF VHF channels 10 and 16 Web site [Link]
94-11-243-5896 Harbormaster
Telephone 94-11-248-2216 Telephone 94-11-238-5401
94-11-248-2218 Facsimile 94-11-232-7160
Facsimile 94-11-243-5896 Colombo International Container Terminal (CICT)
E-mail cmbportcontrol@[Link] Telephone 94-11-766-8668
Port Authority Facsimile 94-11-766-8669
Telephone 94-11-242-1201 E-mail info@[Link]

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 121

Colombo—Contact Information Sri Lanka—West Coast—Colombo to Beruwala

Point
Web site [Link]
Jaya Container Terminal (JCT) 4.18 The coast between Mount Lavinia (6°50'N.,
79°52'E.), described with Colombo Harbor in paragraph 4.17,
Call sign JCT Control and Beruwala Point, about 23 miles S, is formed by a straight
VHF VHF channels 68 and 69 sandy beach with dense groves of coconut palms, rising to a
uniform height of 26m behind it. The hinterland is densely
94-11-248-2562
wooded and there are numerous towns and villages.
Telephone 94-11-244-0403 The coastal railroad runs along the coast; the railroad sta-
tions and the steel bridges which span the entrances of rivers,
94-11-243-2031
lagoons, and lakes are usually visible from seaward. From a
Facsimile 94-11-243-5755 distance of about 4 miles offshore there are no conspicuous
E-mail jctinfo@[Link] landmarks along this stretch of coast.
A narrow bank, with depths of less than 1.8m, runs parallel
4.18

Pilots to the coast and about 0.5 mile off it, for a distance of a 2 miles
VHF VHF channels 8, 14, and 16 S of Mount Lavinia.
Moratuwa, a fair-sized town, lies about 3.5 miles SSE of
4.18

94-11-232-3655 Mount Lavinia; Immanuel Church, with a red square tower and
94-11-243-5896 a large gray water tower, 0.5 mile SE of it, are conspicuous.
Telephone Panadura, a small town about 4 miles SSE of Moratuwa, has
4.18

94-11-248-2216 a lone round-topped banyan tree about 1 mile S of it.

94-11-248-2218 Gona Gala (6°42'N., 79°53'E.), 4.5m high and round-
4.18

topped, is the outer of two rocks lying about 1 mile WSW of

Facsimile 94-11-243-5896
Panadura Station. Nilkete Rock, with a depth of 3.6m, and Po
E-mail pilotstation@[Link] Gala, with a depth of 5m, lie about 1.3 and 1.5 miles, respec-
tively, S of Gona Gala.
Directions.—When making Colombo from the W, it is
4.17
Kaluwatte Gala (6°39'N., 79°53'E.), with a depth of 9.1m
4.18

better for a vessel to be S than N of the port, as there are no and steep-to, lies about 2.5 miles offshore. Uan Gala, with a
conspicuous landmarks N. depth of 5.5m, also steep-to, lies about 0.6 mile farther SE.
The approach channel leads SE from a position close W of
4.17

Lighted Buoy No. 2 through a dredged channel clear of the re- 4.19 Kalutara (6°35'N., 79°58'E.), an important town,
stricted areas as seen on the chart. straddles the Kalu Ganga near its mouth. A temple, with a con-
Caution.—Ona Gala, a narrow ridge, with its S end about
4.17
spicuous white dome, lies on the S bank of the Kalu Ganga, in
3.3 miles N of Galbokka Point, has a least depth of 6.4m at Kalutara. The white dome of the temple is floodlit; a fixed
Galawala, near its N end. Vessels approaching Colombo from green light is shown at its top.
the N are advised to keep to seaward of Ona Gala (7°00'N., Bombuwela Hill, about 3.5 miles E of Kalutara, is a small
4.19

79°50'E.). During the Southwest Monsoon, vessels are cau- range about 2 miles long, and the N of low hills behind the
tioned against being set to the NE onto Ona Gala. coast between Kalutara and Beruwala Point. Near its S end is a
conspicuous flat-topped hill, 159m high.
Kelani Gala, a narrow bank with a least depth of 16.5m, lies
4.17
Weragela Kanda (Weragoda Kanda), about 4 miles SSE of
4.19

with its S end about 1.8 miles WNW of Galbokka Point. Kalutara, is conical, 107m high, and conspicuous. This hill is
Pala Gala, also known as Tartar Rock, is a pinnacle rock with
4.17
isolated and wooded except at its summit, where there is a
a depth of 5.8m, nearly 0.5 mile NW of Galbokka Point. It is white shrine.
steep-to and never breaks. Uheliya Reef, with depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, lies about 2.5
4.19

Galua, also known as Drunken Sailor Rock, has a least depth

4.17
miles W of Kalutara, at the outer end of an area of shoals and
of 1.2m, about 0.4 mile SW of Galbokka Point. The shoal con- uneven ground.
sists of two rocky heads over which the sea breaks during the Pittaniya Rock, with a depth of 5.5m, lies 1.3 miles WSW of
4.19

Southwest Monsoon. A red conical buoy is moored about 0.2 the temple at Kalutara. Pallaipara Rock, with a depth of 2.7m,
mile W of the W rocky head. and Modara Muduwa Rock, lie about 0.5 mile and 1 mile, re-
spectively, S of Pittaniya Rock.
Firing practice areas are centered 24 miles SW and 34 miles
4.17
Anchorage.—Small vessels may anchor off Kalutara, in a
4.19

WNW of Colombo Harbor. depth of about 10m; local knowledge is necessary. This an-
A restricted area, best seen on the chart, is established and
4.17
chorage should be approached by passing between Uheliya
passage through this area is prohibited around the outfall pipe- Reef and Pittaniya Rock.
line extending 1 mile NW from the N end of the port area, Maggona Point, about 5 miles S of Kalutara, is a small rocky
4.19

marked by a lighted buoy moored about 0.8 mile NNW of the headland, about 9m high. Tria Gala, 1.5m high and steep-to,
N entrance. lies about 1 mile NW of Maggona Point. A 6.4m shoal lies
Depths of up to 6m less than charted have been reported
4.17 about 1.8 miles NW of Tria Gala, at the outer end of foul
(2007) in the inner harbor in the charted area dredged to 15m. ground; a rock, which always breaks, lies about 0.4 mile S of

Pub. 173
122 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Tria Gala. within 0.8 mile of Kaikawalagala Point.

Babungala Point, about 0.5 mile farther S, is a reddish point,
4.21

4.20 Beruwala Point (6°28'N., 79°58'E.), with a rocky about 8m high. A ridge, with depths of 6.4 to 9.1m, extends
promontory at its N end, forms the W side of a small bay. Ya- from about 1 mile W of the point, S for about 2 miles, parallel
kada Gala, 2.4m high, about 0.5 mile W of the point, is the out- to the coast, about 1.5 miles offshore.
ermost rocky islet off Beruwala Point. Arangala Point, about 0.8 mile SSE of Babungala Point, is
4.21

Prompt Rock, with a depth of 8.2m, and Madda Gala, with a

4.20 about 12m high and rocky. A small hill, 33m high, about 0.5
depth of 5.9m, lie about 3 miles and 2.7 miles, respectively, mile E of the point, is surmounted by a temple and monument;
WNW of Beruwala Point; both dangers are steep-to and sound- it is obscured by trees from some directions.
ings give no warning of approach to them. The above dangers Duwemodera Hill, 53m high, about 1 mile E of Arangala
4.21

are the outermost of numerous dangers lying W and NW of Be- Point, is isolated and fairly conspicuous, with a ridge extending
ruwala Point. E. Pelagas Kanda, about 1.8 miles farther E, is 71m high and
Welmaduwa Island, about 0.7 mile SSW of Beruwala Point,
4.20 flat-topped with a single tree on its summit.
is covered with tall coconut palms, and its highest part is a Ahungalla Point (6°19'N., 80°02'E.) is 43m high, cliffy, and
4.21

rocky cliff, 14m high, on its seaward side. Vessels navigating covered with coconut palms. Kola Islet, with a few palm trees
along the coast should give the island a berth of 4 miles. on it, lies close S of the point. A small rock, awash and steep-
Barberyn Light is shown from a white tower on the summit
4.20 to, lies 1.5 miles NW of the point. A ridge, with a least depth of
of Welmaduwa Island. 6.4m, lies about 1 mile offshore, and extends about 1 mile S of
Good radar returns have been reported from Barberyn Light
4.20 the rock.
and Beruwala Point at 15 and 17 miles, respectively. Balapitiya Point, about 2.8 miles S of Ahungalla Point, is a
4.21

Anchorage.—It is not advisable to anchor off Beruwala

4.20 low, flat, double point, covered with coconut trees; a large
Point in depths less than 11m because of the off-lying dangers boulder, 10.7m high, lies on the coast, nearly 1 mile N of the
and the swell that is usually experienced. point. Foul ground extends W and N of the point. Depths of 5.9
to 8.2m lie about 1 mile offshore for a distance of about 1.5
Sri Lanka—West Coast—Beruwala Point to Gal- miles S of the point.
le Harbor
4.22 Akurala Point (6°12'N., 80°03'E.) has been reported
4.21 Between the entrance of Bentota Ganga (6°26'N., to give good radar returns at 14 miles. About 0.5 mile N of the
80°01'E.), a small river and Galle Harbor, about 29 miles SSE, point, the coastal belt of coconut trees is broken by a wide gap,
vessels should remain in depths over 37m, or about 6 miles clearly visible from seaward; Galgoda, a 37m hill with a single
from the coast, although at this distance there are few land- tree on its summit, can be seen through the gap.
marks from which to fix position. The most prominent land- 4.22Passi Rock, about 1 mile W of Akurala Point, is dark-colored
marks lying near the coast are the monument on Galboda and consists of five heads; the sea always breaks over one of
Kanda (6°24'N., 80°01'E.) in the afternoon and Waal Islet the heads, which is about 0.6m high. The rock should be given
(6°08'N., 80°06'E.). However, it was reported that the coast be- a wide berth, as the bottom is irregular for about 0.4 mile W of
tween Beruwala Point and Balapitiya Point, 13 miles SSE, it.
gives good radar image up to 35 miles. 4.22Foul ground extends up to 1 mile offshore between Akurala
If visible, Hiniduma Kanda (6°20'N., 80°18'E.) is conspic-
4.21 Point and Telwatta Point, about 3 miles SSE. Foul ground ex-
uous, and Hindelunattu (6°07'N., 80°24'E.), about 12.5 miles tends 0.8 mile offshore between Akurala Point and Patingala
ENE of Point de Galle, though its summit is poorly defined, Point, 2 miles NNW. The latter point consists of several large
forms a valuable mark when E of Waal Islet. rocks, and has the ruins of a temple on it. Debaha Rock, 1.2m
Yakinigeduwa (5°58'N., 80°23'E.), an islet which when
4.21 high, lies about 0.4 mile W of Telwatta Point.
seen from the W appears as a tuft rising over the extreme point 4.22Hikkaduwa Point (6°08'N., 80°06'E.) is low, flat, and cov-
of low land E of Galle, also forms a valuable mark and is de- ered with coconut trees, among which a rest house is almost
scribed in paragraph 4.25. hidden. Waal Islet, 9m high, is a large group of flat-topped
Godagala Point (6°25'N., 80°00'E.) is a dark-colored rocky
4.21 rocks lying on the outer edge of the foul ground extending
headland, about 9.1m high, which is not very conspicuous; a about 0.4 mile W from the point. The islet is fairly conspicuous
rest house lying among some trees on the coast, about 0.5 mile from seaward.
N, is fairly conspicuous. 4.22Hikkaduwa Gala is a rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, on
Handran Gala, a black bare rock, 2.4m high, lies about 0.5
4.21 a shoal about 1.3 miles S of Hikkaduwa Point
mile WNW of the point. Deba Gala, a boulder with depths of 4.22Dodanduwa, about 2.3 miles SE of Hikkaduwa Point, is a
2.7m, lies about 0.5 mile WSW of Godagala Point, with other low point terminating in two islets; Manda Gala, 2m high, the
dangers S and SE of it. outer islet, continues seaward to form a rocky point and has a
Galboda Kanda, about 2 miles SSE of Godagala Point, is a
4.21 clump of coconut trees near its shoreward end which serves to
flat-topped hill, 47m high, with a temple and white monument identify it.
on its summit. It is conspicuous from seaward and visible 10 4.22The coast between Dodanduwa and Point de Galle, about 7.5
miles in clear weather. miles SE, is formed of a brown sandy beach with rocky projec-
Kaikawalagala Point is a low rocky headland, about 2.5
4.21 tions at intervals, and backed by low hills rising to elevations of
miles SSE of Godagala Point. Dodampara Rocks, two small 45 to 70m about 0.5 mile inland. The coastline is thickly plant-
rocks, 0.9m high, are part of a group of rocks and reefs lying ed with coconut trees and the hillsides are densely wooded.

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 123

Within or on the edge of foul ground fronting this coast are coast, and during the Northeast Monsoon in the opposite direc-
several rocks above-water, but none are particularly conspicu- tion.
ous. Depths—Limitations.—Eastern Channel is entered be-
4.24

Goda Gala, a rocky patch with a depth of 8.2m, lies about 1.5
4.22 tween Unawatuna Point (6°00'N., 80°15'E.) and Alut Ground,
miles SW of Dodanduwa Point. with a least charted depth of 11.7m about 0.3 mile SW of Wa-
Caution.—An 18.3m patch was reported (1944) to lie about
4.22 tering Point.
13.5 miles W of Dodanduwa Point. Central Channel has depths of 12.8 to 16.5m in its outer part,
4.24

and a depth of 11m in its narrowest part, about 0.4 mile E of

4.23 Bataina Gala (6°02'N., 80°10'E.), about 3 miles NW Point de Galle. The S part of this channel had been swept to a
of Point Galle, is a rocky bluff, 14m high, at the S entrance of depth of 9.1m; the swept depth decreases N of Gibbet Island to
the Gin Ganga. Pedruana Gala, two rocks close together, lie 6.1m. In 1980, pending further dredging, a channel draft lim-
about 0.4 mile S of Bataina Gala; the inner rock is 1.8m high. itation of 5.5m was in force. Further caution is necessary as it
Mada Gala (6°02'N., 80°09'E.), about 2 miles SW of
4.23 has been reported (2005) that there are least depths of 12.2 to
Bataina Gala, has depths of less than 1.8m, is steep-to, and lies 14.5m in the outer part of the channel and least depths of 2.6 to
near the W end of a bank with depths of less than 18.3m. 9.6m in the inner part of the channel.
Alu Gala, about 1.3 miles W of Point de Galle, is 0.9 high
4.23 Western Channel has been reported (2005) to have least
4.24

and steep-to. Ala Gala, about 1.5 miles farther W, is a rock depths of 2.6 to 8.1m.
with a depth of less than 1.8m, marked by breakers during both The charted 9.8m and 8.9m maintained areas N and W of
4.24

monsoons, and should be given a berth of at least 0.3 mile. A Gibbet Island no longer exist. Depths of 3.7 to 8.6m may exist
dangerous wreck lies on the E side of Ala Gala. in these formerly maintained areas.
A government hospital, a long two-story building, painted
4.23 The piers on the NE side of Galle each have a depth of 1.8m
4.24

light buff, with pillared verandas, is conspicuous on the coast for about 30m from the outer end. An artificial harbor enclosed
about 1.3 miles NW of Point de Galle. The Public Works De- by two breakwaters is situated N of Gibbet Island (6°02'N.,
partment bungalow, painted white, lies about 0.7 mile farther 80°14'E.); in 1984 it was dredged to a depth of 8.8m. Closenburg
WNW on the top of Nindan Godella, a rocky projection, 5.5m Pier, which fronts the N side of Gibbet Island, is 427m long and
high. A road bridge crosses the entrance of a lake about mid- can accommodate vessels with a draft of 7.9m. The N section of
way between the two buildings. this harbor is a fishing port providing a pier where vessels with
drafts to 3m can berth. A rocky spit, with depths from 2.5m to
Galle Harbor (6°01'N., 80°13'E.) 5m, extends 183m SW from the root of the breakwater which ex-
tends WNW from Gibbet Island; about 0.2 mile W of the head of
World Port Index No. 49250 this breakwater there are depths of 6.2m.
Galu Gala, a bank with a least depth of 33m and frequented
4.24

4.24 Galle Harbor is entered between Point de Galle and by fishermen, lies about 3 miles SW of Point de Galle in the
Watering Point, about 1 mile ESE. Point de Galle is the S ex- approach to Galle Harbor.
tremity of a peninsula projecting about 0.5 mile S from the ad- Kadda Rocks, three shoal patches, lie along the W side of the
4.24

joining coast, and forming the W side of the harbor. The town central channel, between 0.6 and 0.8 mile SSE of Point de Gal-
of Galle is built on the S part of the peninsula and is surround- le. Outer Kadda Rock has a least depth of 3.7m. Middle Kadda
ed by fortifications; it is joined to the mainland by a low flat Rock has a least depth of 3.4m. Inner Kadda Rock, with a
isthmus. There are coconut palms and other trees among the stranded wreck close E of it, has a least depth of 2.6m. During
houses, but the W side of the peninsula is clear and covered by the Southwest Monsoon, the sea breaks heavily over the entire
grass. length of these rocks, but during the Northeast Monsoon the
The harbor is approached through Western Channel, Central
4.24 water over them is seldom disturbed.
Channel, and Eastern Channel. Western Channel is unmarked Sealark Rock, with a depth of 6.7m, lies on the W side of the
4.24

and used by local craft only. Dredging of the channel to the channel, about 0.5 mile SSE of Point de Galle Light. It is
harbor N of Gibbet Island to a depth of 9.7m was completed in marked on its S side by a red buoy.
1984. Secundra Rock, with a least depth of 9.1m, lies on the E side
4.24

A new yacht harbor has been completed (2011) to replace

4.24 of the channel, about 0.8 mile SSE of Point de Galle Light. A
the previous yacht facilities which had been damaged by a tsu- red conical buoy is moored close SW of it.
nami. Polkote Gala, a 0.9m patch on which the sea breaks during
4.24

Winds—Weather.—Winds from the W and NW predomi-

4.24 the Southwest Monsoon, lies about 0.5 mile SE of Point de
nate from April to November; winds from the E and NE pre- Galle Light; a red buoy is moored SE of the rock.
dominate from December to March. Belikatu Wawa, a 3.8m patch, lies on the W side of Central
4.24

During the months of May and June, very disturbed condi-

4.24 Channel, about 0.2 mile E of Point de Galle Light; it is marked
tions, sometimes lasting for 3 days, may be experienced in the NE by a black and white checkered buoy.
harbor, accompanied by swells up to 4.3m high. Matte Mada, a shoal with three heads and a least depth of
4.24

The climate in Galle is hot and humid in March and April

4.24 2.6m, lies on the E side of the channel, about 0.1 mile E of Be-
before the Southwest Monsoon breaks. likatu Wawa. It is marked W by a buoy; the sea breaks over it
Tides—Currents.—Tides the tidal rise at Galle is 0.6m at
4.24 during the Southwest Monsoon.
MHWS, and 0.4m at MHWN. Welihukka, a rock patch with a least depth of 0.9m, lies
4.24

During the Southwest Monsoon, the current sets E along the

4.24 about 183m E of the fortifications on the E side of the town

Pub. 173
124 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

abreast Sailor’s Bastion.

Katta Gala has a least depth of 2.4m over a head about 0.5
4.24

mile ENE of Point de Galle Light. Outer Katta, an 6.1m patch,

lies about 183m SSW of this head.
Gal Pare, consisting of several heads with a least depth of
4.24

7.8m, lies on the SW side of Eastern Channel, about 0.5 mile

WSW of Watering Point.
Bloomfield Rock, with a least depth of 7.8m, lies close NW
4.24

of Gal Pare, on the SW side of Eastern Channel and also on the

E side of Central Channel. It is marked on its NW side by a
buoy.
Imbue Ranne Gala, consisting of several heads, has a least
4.24

depth of 6.4m about 0.3 mile WNW of Watering Point.

Diya Mudawa, a 4.9m shoal, on which the sea breaks during
4.24

the Southwest Monsoon, lies on the NE side of the channel,

about 0.2 mile NW of Imbue Ranne Gala.
Aspect.—Inland, the country is generally flat, but becomes
4.24

more hilly N. Among these hills is Kurundu Kanda, 90m high

and flat-topped, about 3.5 miles NNE of Point de Galle and Hi-
niduma Kanda (Haycock), about 16 miles farther NNE. On
clear mornings in the early months of the year.
Adam’s Peak, previously described in paragraph 4.1, may be
4.24

seen a little to the E of Hiniduma Kanda, previously described

in paragraph 4.2, appearing as a sharp regular cone flanked by
lesser peaks appearing as though on the shoulders of its slopes.
Approaching Galle, Point de Galle Light and Edwards Pillar
4.24

form good landmarks. Point de Galle Light (6°01'N.,

80°13'E.) is shown from a round tower on Utrecht Bastion, at
the SE extremity of the peninsula. Galle Tower (Edwards Pil- Photo Courtesy of Sri Lanka Maritime Archaeological Unit
lar), about 1.5 miles farther E, is a black and white tower, 15m Point de Galle Light
high, lying on the summit of Rumasala Kanda, a large wooded
hill, 75m high, sloping down to the sea to form the E side of able in daylight hours only unless exempted by the authority of
Galle Harbor. A dangerous wreck lies 2.5 miles W of Point de the Master Attendant, Colombo, represented at Galle by the As-
Galle Light on the E side of Ala Gala. sistant Harbormaster (telephone: 94-9-2234824), who is in
The following landmarks are on the W side of the harbor
4.24 charge of the port and is also the pilot at Galle. The latter is pro-
within the town of Galle: vided with a pilot launch painted white with “Galle Pilot” paint-
1. The mosque, a large white two-story building with ed in black letters on the bow, and a mooring boat. The pilot can
two small domes and some low minarets at the SE corner of be contacted by VHF, but is not available at night.
the peninsula. The usual signal for a pilot should be displayed by vessels
4.24

2. All Saint’s Church, with a square tower, surmounted approaching the port; vessels should await the arrival of the pi-
by a red four-sided pointed roof and a large weather vane in lot close to the buoy at the W entrance of Central Channel. A
the middle of the town. pilot ladder on the lee side, and two manropes of at least 3-inch
3. The clock tower, a square stone structure with an ele- rope with the ends free, are required to be provided. Vessels are
vation of 43m not taken into the harbor at night, but should anchor at the outer
The Roman Catholic Chapel, about 0.8 mile WNW of Point
4.24 anchorage until daylight.
de Galle, is a large conspicuous building, painted white with The pilot boards 1 mile S of Point de Galle Light.
4.24

two towers on its front facing the sea and a dome behind. The Vessels should request a pilot through their agent.
4.24

chapel lies on a hill and has an elevation of 41m. Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 24 hours in
4.24

To the N of the town are extensive low wooded hills. The on-
4.24 advance. The message should be passed through Colombo Port
ly ones likely to be recognized are Residency Hill (6°02'N., Radio and the local agents.
80°13'E.), 62m high, and Hirimbure Kanda, 76m high, about 2 Vessels without qualified medical officers may not have
4.24

miles farther N. communication with the shore, nor may any person, except the
Good radar returns have been reported from Point de Galle
4.24 pilot, board them until permission is obtained from the health
and Point de Galle Light, at 19 and 18 miles, respectively. authorities; in no circumstances may cases of infectious dis-
Central Channel and Eastern Channel are buoyed. When ves-
4.24 ease be landed without the consent of the Government Health
sels are leaving the harbor at night, certain buoys are lighted as Officer.
required by the port authorities. Under no circumstances The regulations governing vessels having plague, cholera, or
4.24

should implicit reliance be placed on the buoys being in their yellow fever on board, and the signals required for all vessels
charted positions. arriving off the port, are the same as those for Colombo.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and is avail-
4.24 Contact Information.—See the table titled Galle—Contact
4.24

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 125

Information. Vessels entering Central Channel should pass about 0.2 mile
4.24

Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, the best

4.24 E of the outermost buoy and follow the recommended track in-
berth, in 28m, sand, lies with Point de Galle Light bearing dicated on the chart. When Point de Galle Light is abeam,
012°, and Ereminia Gala Point, a large black rock, 6.1m high, course may be shaped as required, keeping E of Capera Buoy
with a pointed top, about 1 mile ESE of Unawatuna Point, and the similar buoy 183m N of it, and W of the Outer and In-
bearing 094°. ner Katta Buoys.
During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels usually anchor in the
4.24 Before the anchorage is reached speed should be reduced to
4.24

outer anchorages, in a depth of 18.3m, with Point de Galle the minimum consistent with retaining command of the vessel.
Light bearing 335°, and with Kota Gala, a black rock close SE A vessel entering by Eastern Channel should take care to
4.24

of Unawatuna Point, in line bearing 101° with Ereminia Gala avoid the dangers and foul ground extending from Unawatuna
Point. Point to Goda Gala (Bellows Reef), a rocky patch, with a depth
During the Northeast Monsoon, in the inner anchorages
4.24 of 1.8m, over which the sea always breaks, about 0.8 mile SE.
there are eight anchorage berths, one of which will accommo- Then bring the N end of Kachcheri, a conspicuous buff-colored
date a vessel up to 121.9m in length and 6.4m draft. building about 0.2 mile N of Utrecht Bastion, in line with the
During the Southwest Monsoon, there are six anchorage
4.24 Roman Catholic Chapel bearing 322°. Steer on this range until
berths, one of which will accommodate a vessel 145m in Central Channel is reached, then follow the directions for that
length and 7.6m draft. channel.
In 1977, there were two inner anchor berths for use by ves-
4.24

sels with a draft between 7.9 and 7m in the Northeast Mon- Sri Lanka—West Coast—Galle Harbor to Wel-
soon, and between 7.6 and 6.4m in the Southwest Monsoon. igama Bay
The bottom at the anchorage is sand and mud, good holding
ground. 4.25 The coast between Unawatuna Point (6°00'N.,
80°15'E.) and Ereminia Gala Point, about 1 mile ESE, recedes
Galle—Contact Information to form a small sandy bay. A large white house is conspicuous
about 0.5 mile ENE of Unawatuna Point.
Port Authority Between Ereminia Gala Point and Yakinigeduwa (Katukunr-
4.25

Telephone 94-91-223-4936 und Islet), about 7.5 miles ESE, the coast consists of an irregu-
lar sandy beach backed by a thick belt of coconut trees through
Facsimile 94-91-223-2213 which runs the railroad between Galle and Matara (5°56'N.,
E-mail info@[Link] 80°33'E.). The shore is fronted by reefs and foul ground, on
which the sea always breaks, extending up to 0.4 mile offshore.
Web site [Link]
The depths are irregular outside the breakers, but there are ap-
Assistant Harbormaster parently no off-lying dangers except for a 9.1m patch, about 3
94-91-223-4824 miles WNW of Yakinigeduwa.
Telephone The railway station at Talpe lies about 0.8 mile E of Ereminia
4.25

94-91-224-6653 (residence) Gala Point. Malagoda Kanda, a conical hill, 93m high, lies about
Facsimile 94-91-223-4824 1.3 miles N of Talpe; a conspicuous tree is on its summit, and the
summit of a shoulder extending SW is also prominent.
Port Kotavanni, a solitary black rock, 15m high, about 3.5 miles
4.25

VHF VHF channels 6, 13, and 16 ESE of Talpe and fairly prominent, helps to identify the outlet
of the Koggala Lake, about 0.4 mile farther E. Debaha Rock,
0.9m high, lies about 0.8 mile SE of the lake outlet.
Vessels moor head and stern, using both power anchors, with
4.24

their bows S and port anchors to the E. The stern moorings are About 2 miles N of Koggala Lake, the land begins to rise,
4.25

sloping gradually to Hindelunattu, 410m high, about 8 miles

laid by the pilot, some being laid as required and others kept
ready with ends secured to small white conical buoys. Vessels NNE of the lake. This mountain forms a good landmark all
are required to be ready to veer chain when required to do so around the S and SW coasts; it is conspicuous with its large
rounded summit and a small pointed shoulder on its NE flank.
by the port authorities, and must have their main engines ready
to use at short notice. Yakinigeduwa (5°58'N., 80°23'E.), an islet, with steep,
4.25

There is also good anchorage during the Northeast Monsoon

4.24 cliffy sides, is joined to the mainland by a causeway. Trees on
for vessels up to 152.4m in length and 9.1m draft, with Water- the islet are 39m high, with tufted tops. A rocky reef, with
ing Point bearing 162°, distant 0.2 mile. some above-water heads, extends about 0.2 mile SE from the
Vessels should anchor well clear of Central Channel and
4.24 islet. A prominent reddish cliff, 21 to 30m high, projects from
Eastern Channel and their approaches. the coast about 0.6 mile W of the islet.
Directions.—Vessels approaching Galle Harbor from the
4.24 The coast between Yakinigeduwa and Rassamunai Point,
4.25

NW should keep Point de Galle Light bearing less than 078°, about 2.5 miles E, consists of a sandy beach backed by coconut
which will lead clear of the dangers W of the point. Vessels ap- palms, until within 0.5 mile of Rassamunai Point where the
proaching from seaward should keep the above light bearing land rises to terminate in red cliffs which form a prominent
012°, which leads to the outer anchorage. mark.

Pub. 173
126 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Weligama Bay (5°57'N., 80°26'E.) part of the bay, off the village of Mirissa. A good berth off the
village of Mirissa is with the red cliff on Kada Point, the S en-
World Port Index No. 49260 trance point of Polwatta Ganga, bearing 039°, and Ruwana
Rock bearing 294°. Although no reliable information has been
4.26 Weligama Bay, entered between Rassamunai Point obtained it is probable that the anchorage SE of Ruwana Rock
and Mirissa Point, about 1.5 miles ESE, is encumbered with can be used during the Southwest Monsoon.
numerous islets and dangers; a SW swell may break on any Directions.—Vessels approaching from the W should pass
4.26

shoal patch with a depth of 5.5m or less. about 0.8 mile S of Rassamunai Point to avoid Yala Rock. Ves-
Rassamunai Point consists of red cliffs extending about 0.5
4.26 sels from the E should pass S of Prinz Heinrich Patch, which
mile W and 0.3 mile N of it. Good radar returns have been re- lies about 1.5 miles SE of Mirissa Point. Proceed into Wel-
ported from the point at 16 miles. The town of Weligama, igama Bay with Parei Duwa (Pigeon Island) in line bearing
somewhat scattered, lies on the NW side of the bay. 352°, with a gap in the hills inland. This course leads between
Mirissa Point forms the W end of a fairly high peninsula
4.26 Kada Rock and Diyumba Alut Rock. Course may be altered
partly covered with coconut palms. ENE for the anchorage off Mirissa when clear of Diyumba
The W and N shores of the bay to the entrance of Polwatta
4.26 Alut Rock.
Ganga is a sandy beach backed by coconut palms. The land at If proceeding to the anchorage SE of Ruwana Rock, enter on
4.26

the head of the bay is very low and not visible from the bay, but the same range and pass E and N of Karamas Rock.
hilly country about 3 miles inland starts to rise to Hindelunattu,
about 6 miles farther NNW, and is visible over the coconut Sri Lanka—West Coast—Weligama Bay to Don-
palms. Gongola, 1,386m high, about 30 miles NNE of the bay, dra Head
is visible in clear weather above the intervening hills.
On the E shore of the bay, a sandy bight lies between Mirissa
4.26 4.27 The coast between Mirissa Point and Galgodiyana
Point and Wera Point, 27m high and cliffy, about 0.8 mile NE. (Chula Lanka), about 5 miles E, is densely wooded with coco-
The village of Mirissa lies at the head of this bight. The shore nut palms and appears moderately high. Several dagobas
between Wera Point and the S entrance of Polwatta Ganga is (shrines) on this coast show up well when light conditions are
mainly composed of moderately high, red cliffs. favorable.
Yala Rock, with a least depth of 2.7m and steep-to, lies about
4.26 The bottom is rocky and uneven in depths of less 9.1m off
4.27

0.5 mile SW of Rassamunai Point. this stretch of coast. Vessels should ordinarily keep in depths
Pares Shoal, with a depth of 4.5m, lies about 0.5 mile ESE of
4.26 over 37m, and pass about 1.5 miles S of Veragalle Point.
Rassamunai Point. The sea always breaks on the reef fringing Tides—Currents.—Currents are irregular within 2 miles of
4.27

the point. this coast and W of Dondra Head. There is often an indraft into
Sealark Rock, with a depth of 8.7m, lies about 0.2 mile E of
4.26 Matara Bay.
Pares Shoal, and Kada Rock, with a depth of 4.6m, lies about Prinz Heinrich Patch, with a least depth of 7.3m, lies about
4.27

0.2 mile farther SE, near the middle of the entrance to the bay. 1.5 miles SE of Mirissa Point. Galgodiyana in line bearing
Karamas Rock, with a depth of 6.9m, lies about 0.4 mile N
4.26 074° with Brown’s Hill, 1.8 miles ENE, leads S of the patch.
of Kada Rock. Mirissa Point in line bearing 347° with Hindelunattu, leads W
On the E side of the entrance, between Mirissa Point and Ko-
4.26 of Prinz Heinrich Patch.
la Point, about 0.7 mile ESE, the sea always breaks on the foul A rocky ledge, 3m high at its highest point, extends about
4.27

ground extending up to 0.2 mile offshore. Palapana Gala, shoal 183m offshore from Veragalle Point (5°56'N., 80°27'E.),
rocky ground with a least depth of 6.9m, lies about 0.4 mile S about 0.5 mile E of Kola Point.
of Mirissa Point. Talarambee Point, about 0.4 mile farther E, is rocky and ele-
4.27

Diyumba Alut Rock, with a depth of 5m and on which the

4.26 vated, with a dagoba, 36.5m high, showing above the tree tops
sea occasionally breaks, lies about 0.3 mile W of Mirissa Point, close behind it. Kalcotta Rocks, three heads, 0.3 to 0.6m high,
and about 0.4 mile E of Kada Rock. lie about 0.2 mile S of Talarambee Point.
Diyumba Rocks, with a least depth of 2.3m, lie about 0.5
4.26 Tanana Rocks, 0.9 to 1.5m high, about 1 mile farther E, lie
4.27

mile N of Mirissa Point. about 0.2 mile S of Atalahua Point, a low point.
Prompt Shoal, with a depth of 5m, lies near the middle of the
4.26 Moolkalle Point, about 1 mile E of Atalahua Point, is rocky
4.27

bay, about 1 mile NNW of Mirissa Point. Puhumodal Rock, and has a dagoba on it; it contrasts with its surroundings as it is
with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 0.2 mile farther NNW. covered with low scrubs instead of coconut palms.
Gan Island, 12.5m high, about 0.4 mile W of Parei Duwa, is
4.26

not easily distinguished from the shore W because of the coco- 4.28 Galgodiyana (Chula Lanka) (5°56'N., 80°32'E.), an
nut palms on it. islet 22m high and covered with coconut palms, is connected to
Ruwana Rock, 1.8m high, lies about 0.6 mile NE off Rassa-
4.26 the coast by a causeway in bad repair. Several rocks, two of
munai Point; a rocky head, awash, lies close E. which are about 2m high, lie about 0.3 mile S of the islet.
Parei Duwa (Pigeon Island), about 1.3 miles NE of Rassa-
4.26 Matara Bay, formed by the curving coastline between Gal-
4.28

munai Point and about 0.2 mile off the head of the bay, is godiyana and Dondra Head, about 3.3 miles E, is entirely open
16.1m high, rocky and covered with scrub; there are no palm S and mostly foul.
trees on it. Madumora Reef, about 0.8 mile SE of Galgodiyana, has
4.28

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in 9.1 to 11m, sand

4.26 depths of less than 1.8m over its N edge, and a least depth of
and rock, SE of Ruwana Rock, or in similar depths in the SE 2.7m near its S edge. Sleet Rock, about 1.5 miles farther ESE,

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 127

has a depth of 10m and is the outermost danger in the E part of good mark for vessels coasting, but shows up less to vessels
the bay. farther offshore, because of the other hills behind it.
Matara, on the NW side of the bay, is a town of considerable
4.28 Nilewelli Bay lies between Nilewelli Point and the S extrem-
4.30

size and importance, ranking next to Galle in the Southern ity of a rocky peninsula, about 1 mile NE. Two detached
Provinces. The town is not easily seen from seaward, but the above-water rocks lie off the S extremity of the peninsula.
clock tower shows up well in favorable light between the bear- Anchorage can be obtained in the bay, in about 16m, sand,
4.30

ings of 347° and 302°. about 0.4 mile NE of Nilewelli Point.

An islet, 12.5m high, just E of the clock tower, is connected
4.28 Mahawelli Bay, about 2.5 miles NE of Nilewelli Point, lies
4.30

to the shore by a causeway on which the sea generally breaks. immediately N of Mahawelli Point. The latter point is the E ex-
Some conspicuous red cliffs, the highest 37m high, lie about 1 tremity of a steep and rocky peninsula, moderately high, and
mile farther E. Brown’s Hill, 52m high and identified by a red nearly bare of trees. Mahawelli Rock, awash, lies about 0.2
triangular patch on its SW slope, rises behind the red cliffs. mile E of the point. Middle Rock, nearly awash and always
breaking, lies about 0.5 mile farther ENE. Unaeria Rocks, con-
Sri Lanka—South Coast—Dondra Head to Ham- sisting of four distinct heads, 0.3 to 1.8m high, lie close E of
bantota Point Middle Rock.
Anchorage, with local knowledge, can be taken, in about
4.30

4.29 Dondra Head (5°55'N., 80°36'E.), the S extremity of 11m, sand, close N of Mahawelli Rock. The approach to the
Sri Lanka, is low with a grove of tall coconut trees at its W ex- anchorage is made between Mahawelli and Middle Rocks.
tremity. The headland appears as an islet, although it is con- Tangalla Bay lies between Tangalla Point (6°01'N.,
4.30

nected to the mainland. Dondra Head Light is shown from a 80°48'E.) and Rekawa Point, 15m high, rocky and barren,
white octagonal tower, 49m high, near the E point of Dondra about 4 miles ENE. The town of Tangalla, with an old conspic-
Head. A white pyramidal beacon, with an elevation of 13.7m, uous white fort, lies on Tangalla Point. Rocky reef, just below-
lies about 0.5 mile NE of the light. water, fronts most of the shore of the bay.
Dondra Head has been reported to give good radar responses
4.29 Two radio masts, marked by red obstruction lights, are situ-
4.30

at 19 miles. ated about 8 miles NNW of Tangalla.

An IMO-adopted traffic scheme has been established off
4.29 Good radar returns have been reported from Tangalla Point
4.30

Dondra Head. at 9 miles.

The coast between Dondra Head and Hambantota Point,
4.29 Tangalla Rock, awash and steep-to on its S and E sides, lies
4.30

about 34 miles ENE, is generally low and has sandy and rocky about 1 mile ESE of Tangalla Point. Ma Rock, with a depth of
stretches; there are no dangers outside a distance of 1.3 miles 4.6m, and Kadul Rock, with a depth of 3.2m, lie about 0.4 mile
offshore. The W part, between Dondra Head and Nilewelli NE and 0.2 mile NNW, respectively.
Point, about 8 miles ENE, has a somewhat elevated appearance To enter Tangalla Bay, pass 0.5 mile E of Tangalla Rock,
4.30

due to the low-lying parts being covered with coconut palms. then steer about 021° until the coconut trees on the S bank of
From Nilewelli Point to Tangalla Point, about 6 miles NE, the Kirama Oya (Kunkalle Ganga) are in line, bearing 265°, with
coast becomes generally rocky, fairly high, and indented by the small white dagoba, about 0.5 mile NW of the fort. Steer on
bays. To the E of the latter point, it again becomes low, sandy, this range and anchor, in 9.1 to 11m, with Tangalla Rock bear-
and backed by coconut palms as far as Kalametiya Point, near- ing between 167° and 149°
ly 9 miles ENE. Then to Hambantota Point, about 12 miles
ENE, it is low, barren, and sandy, and is interrupted by only a 4.31 Kahandawa Rocks (6°03'N., 80°54'E.), 0.6m high,
few cliffy points. lies about 0.8 mile S of Kahandawa Point. A rocky head, with a
The coast between Dondra Head and Gandura Point, a rocky
4.29 depth of 8.7m, lies about 0.3 mile S of the rocks.
point about 1.8 miles ENE, consists of rocky cliffs which are Kalametiya Point (6°04'N., 80°56'E.), moderately high and
4.31

about 30m high in one part. Gandura Bay lies between the lat- rocky, terminates in a large boulder, from which a chain of
ter point and Kottagoda Point (5°57'N., 80°38'E.), a rocky rocky islets extends SE to Watta Rock, a barren islet, 7m high
point with boulders. and prominent due to the light color of its upper part. Rocky
Anchorage.—There is good anchorage, in 18.3m, sand in
4.29 patches, with depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, lie within 0.5 mile SW, S,
the W part of Gandura Bay, with Gandura Point bearing 248°, and E of Watta Rock.
about 0.6 mile. The anchorage is not protected from the swell. Kalametiya Rock, of which a small pinnacle just shows, lies
4.31

Etawa Reef, with a least depth of 3.6m, lies between 0.5 and
4.29 about 0.4 mile E of Kalametiya Point.
1 mile E of Kottagoda Point. Bambri Rocks, 1.2m high, lies Anchorage, with local knowledge, can be obtained, in about
4.31

about 0.5 mile farther NE. 11m, sand and rock, from 0.3 to 0.5 mile ENE of Watta Rock.
Ulandhe Point, about 2.8 miles ENE of Kalametiya Point, is
4.31

4.30 Nilewelli Point (5°57'N., 80°43'E.) is rocky and steep with red cliffs, and a summit, 18m high, behind it.
steep-to, with a clump of coconut trees, 24m high, on it. The Swell Rock, with a depth of 6.9m and upon which the sea
4.31

point is connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of sand breaks in a moderate swell, lies 1 mile SW of Ulandhe Point.
over which the surf washes in a moderate swell; when seen Rattan Point is similar to and about 0.8 mile NE of Ulandhe
4.31

from the E or W, it appears as an islet. A white dagoba lies 1 Point, from which it is separated by two sandy bights. Rocks
mile N of the point. extend nearly 0.4 mile offshore between the points.
Walakanda (Waulugalakanda), a hill with a bare summit,
4.30 Rattan Point has been reported to give good radar responses
4.31

169m high, about 3.3 miles NNW of Nilewelli Point, forms a at 18 miles.

Pub. 173
128 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

The mouth of the Walawe Ganga, about 1.8 miles E of Rat-

4.31 es. Care should be taken in passing Little Basses Reef, de-
tan Point, is usually a small opening in the sandy beach. scribed in paragraph 4.38, where depths of less than 18.3m
Godawaye Point (6°06'N., 80°03'E.), 15m high and rocky,
4.31 extend to about 3 miles ENE of the lighthouse at the E end of
has a white dagoba within the point and a reef awash close E. this reef.
The coast between Godawaye Point and Hambantota Point,
4.31 Kataragama Peak (6°23'N., 81°20'E.), 424m high, is the
4.34

about 5 miles ENE, is a continuous stretch of sand on which a summit of a range; it is sharp-topped when viewed from SW,
heavy surf breaks. but flat-topped from E or SE. Good radar returns have been re-
ported from the peak at 37 miles.
4.32 Hambantota (6°07'N., 81°08'E.) (World Port Index Rocky Knob, 98m high, about 7 miles SE of Kataragama
4.34

No. 49270), a town and port, lies on the W side of the bay Peak, is a remarkable pillar of rock protruding from a rocky
formed between Hambantota Point and Pitawatan Point, about ridge.
1.3 miles NE. There is seldom much protection from swell in Akasachetiya, 161m high, about 4 miles NE of Rocky Knob,
4.34

this bay as even with winds the swell sets onto the coast. is a very prominent mass of bare rock.
Hambantota Point is the SE extremity of a rocky promontory
4.32 Open anchorage, over a bottom of sand and rock, can be ob-
4.34

with red sandy soil. A bare rocky ledge extends about 137m SE tained off almost any part of this stretch of coast, but none of
of the point; the highest part of the ledge, at its outer end, is 4m the bights afford shelter during either monsoon. During the
high. A large white martello tower and some houses lie on the Southwest Monsoon, however, if the wind is well to W, the sea
promontory; a disused light stands on its summit, about 0.2 is less disturbed off the E part of the coast. Close to the beach,
mile W of Hambantota Point. there are several rocky patches, below and above-water, over
Good radar returns have been reported from Hambantota
4.32 which the sea breaks heavily.
Point at 19 miles.
Hambantota Light was formerly shown from a square white
4.32 4.35 Patirajja Point (6°10'N., 81°14'E.), about 6.3 miles
tower on the summit of the promontory, about 0.2 mile W of ENE of Hambantota, is reddish in color and terminates in a
Hambantota Point. Since 1977, the light has been extinguished. rocky ledge, 0.6m high. A bare sandhill lies about 0.3 mile W
Anchorage.—The best berth in the bay, in 10m, lies 0.4 mile
4.32 of the point.
NE of Hambantota Point. Urani Point, about 3.3 miles farther ENE, may be identified
4.35

Caution.—Extensive development of the port has occurred

4.32 by a small grove of coconut palms lying behind it; such palms
(2016) with a new harbor basin area, artificial island and break- are rare in this area. The village of Bundala is near this grove.
water. A wharf, 420m in length with an alongside depth of Dorava Point (6°12'N., 81°19'E.), 18m high, is bare, rocky,
4.35

17m, has been reported (2017). and easily identified.

Lansiya Rock, 6m high, lies 0.5 mile S of Dorava Point; foul
4.35

4.33 Magampura Port (6°07'N., 81°06'E.) is being built to ground extends 1 mile W of the rock.
provide a second harbor in Sri Lanka able to handle international Dorava Rock, with a least depth of 5.5m, lies about 0.8 mile
4.35

commerce. Its strategic location puts it close to international SE of Dorava Point, and is the outermost off the point.
shipping lanes. A unique feature of this port is that it was built Between Dorava Point and Butawa Point, about 11.5 miles
4.35

inland and then was connected to the Indian Ocean. NE, sand hills and rocky formations of moderate height lie
The entrance channel has a width of 210m and is dredged to
4.33 close behind the coast.
17m in depth. Phase 1 of the project, which should be complete Kirindi Point, a rocky formation, lies about 1.3 miles NE of
4.35

in April 2011, has a General Cargo Quay, 600m in length; a Dorava Point. Kirindi Knob, a group of boulders, 34m high,
Service Quay, 105m in length; and an Oil Quay, 610m in lies about 0.3 mile W of the point. From the W, it may be seen
length. There is a turning basin with a 600m turning circle and over the land inside Dorava Point, appearing as a conical sum-
a depth of 17m. The port can handle vessels up to 100,000 dwt. mit.
Phase 2, which is now underway (2011), will allow for the si-
4.33 A rocky ledge, with Korha Rock, 0.6m high, at its extremity,
4.35

multaneous handling of nine vessels by adding a considerable extends about 0.3 mile ESE of Kirindi Point.
amount of quayage. There is also plans for a Phase 3, which would The village of Kirindi lies close to the beach N of the point.
4.35

ultimately allow for the handling of 33 vessels simultaneously and Anchorage.—Open anchorage can be obtained, in about
4.35

to dredge the entrance channel to a depth of 21m. 15.8m, S of Kirindi Point, rather than E of the point where there
appears to be much rock. Vessels approaching the anchorage
Sri Lanka—South Coast—Hambantota to Buta- should keep Kataragama Peak well open E of Kirindi Knob,
wa Point bearing about 359°, which leads just E of Dorava Rock.
Mutugala Point lies about 2 miles ENE of Palatupana Point,
4.34 The coast between Hambantota and Illukatiya Point, and is somewhat similar to it. The point is fronted by patches
42 miles ENE, is sandy and barren, with points from 15 to 50m of rocky reef, and a rock, 1.8m high, lies about 91m SE of it.
high. The land between and behind the points is low, with hills Shoal patches, with a depth of 6.9m over the outer one, extend
here and there which usually rise abruptly. In clear weather the about 0.5 mile S of the point.
mountain district of Sri Lanka will be seen in the background.
The usual and recommended route for vessels proceeding 4.36 Palatupana Point (6°14'N., 81°22'E.) is the extremity
along this coast is outside of Great Basses Reef (6°11'N., of a sandy elevation, about 2.5 miles NE of Kirindi Point.
81°29'E.) and Little Basses Reef to the NE, passing about 2 A bushy summit, 59m high, and another, 39m high, lie about
4.36

miles SE of the lighthouses marking the reefs upon these ridg- 1.3 miles NW, and 0.8 mile NNW, respectively, of Mutugala

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 129

Point. The latter summit is used as a range mark for the pas- SW and SE sides, lies about 0.2 mile SE of Butawa Point.
sage inside Little Basses Ridge. Chiddle Rock, with a depth of 9.6m and steep-to, lies about
4.37

Amaduwa Point, about 2.5 miles NE of Mutugala Point, is

4.36 0.4 mile SE of Butawa Rock.
low and rocky at its extremity. A rocky reef, its outer part Shoal and uneven depths extend up to 0.8 mile offshore be-
4.37

awash, midway between the points, extends about 0.3 mile off- tween Butawa Point and Patanagala Point, about 2 miles NE.
shore. A rock, 5m high, lies about 0.1 mile S of Amaduwa The outermost danger is a rock, with a least depth of 6.9m,
Point. about 0.8 mile SSE of Patanagala Point.
The sandy coast between Amaduwa Point and Butawa Point,
4.36 Patanagala Point is the extremity of a bare rocky hill, 42m
4.37

about 3.8 miles NE, forms several bights with rocks lying from high, and somewhat resembling a haycock. Elephant Rock,
0.1 to 0.2 mile offshore. Two of these rocks, close together, the 0.6m high, lies about 0.4 mile ESE of the point.
higher one 4.6m high, lie about 0.2 mile offshore. Shoal water, Transit Hill, a bare, rocky elevation, with two peaks of nearly
4.37

the outer part with a least depth of 5m, extends about 0.5 mile equal elevation and joined by a ridge slightly lower, lies about
from the coast, about 1.5 miles NE of Amaduwa Point. 0.4 mile WNW of Patanagala Point. The W peak is 50m high.
Great Basses Ridge, a steep-to and narrow rocky ridge, with
4.36 A sand hill, 33m high, lies about 4 miles NE of Patanagala
4.37

depths of less than 18.3m, extends 13.8 miles ENE from a po- Point, terminating in two rocky points about 0.8 mile apart; the
sition about 3 miles S of Urani Point (6°11'N., 81°17'E.). NE point is Pillinawa Point. This sandhill, backed by low land,
Great Basses Reef (6°11'N., 81°29'E.) lies on the ridge,
4.36 appears as an island from a distance. Two rocky heads extend
about 2 miles from its E end; parts of the reef, which is about about 0.3 mile S of the SW rocky head, and shoal water ex-
0.2 mile long, are above-water. tends about 0.5 mile farther offshore. The coast for about 2
Great Basses Reef Light, with a racon, is shown from the NE
4.36 miles SW of Pillinawa Point should not be approached within
and highest part of Great Basses Reef, from a white granite 0.8 mile.
tower, 38m high, with a conical top; the tower is surrounded by The coast, from about 1 mile NE of Pillinawa Point to Uda
4.37

two galleries, one above the base and the other close under the Point, about 3.3 miles farther NE, is closely backed by sand
lantern. Good radar returns have been reported from the light hills of moderate height, partly covered by scrub.
structure at 17 miles. Pahala Point, about 3.3 miles NE of Uda Point, is the ex-
4.37

tremity of a sand hill slope; rocky ledges and sunken reefs ex-
tend about 0.2 mile offshore for about 1 mile on either side of
the point.
Lewin Rock, with a least depth of 5.5m, lies about 1 mile
4.37

offshore, about 3 miles ENE of Pahala Point.

Daedalus Rock, about 0.8 mile SSE of Lewin Rock, has a
4.37

least depth of 3.2m, and appears to be a boulder resting on a

narrow ledge, with depths of 5.5 to 9.1m extending about 0.5
mile S.
Illukatiya Point (6°30'N., 81°42'E.), poorly defined, is the S
4.37

entrance point of Kumbukkan Oya, about 4 miles NE of Pahala

Point. The coast between the two points is principally com-
posed of sand hills, partly covered with scrub. Kumbukkan Oya
is fronted at its mouth by patches of sunken reef extending
about 0.2 mile offshore.
Little Basses Ridge, with depths of not more than 9.1m, ex-
4.37

tends from its SW end about 1 mile SE of Butawa Point

(6°19'N., 81°29'E.), for about 17 miles ENE. The ridge is in
most parts very narrow and steep-to, and there are many rocky
heads, especially in its SW part, on which the sea often breaks.
Photo Courtesy of Udena Atygalle, The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) An extensive bank lies S of the W half of Little Basses
4.37

Great Basses Reef Light Ridge, and has a least depth of 10m about 3.8 miles SE of Pilli-
nawa Point (6°22'N., 81°34'E.).
No depth of less than 12.8m has been found on Great Basses
4.36

Ridge, except within 2 miles of the lighthouse, and vessels 4.38 Little Basses Reef (6°24'N., 81°44'E.) lies about 1.5
should not approach within that distance of the light in either miles within the NE end of Little Basses Ridge, and is about
an ENE or WSW direction. 0.6m high. The approach to the reef is steep on its S and SE
Ship Rock, about 5.5 miles NE of Great Basses Light, has a
4.36
sides, the 200m curve lying about 1 mile SE of the reef.
depth of 9.1m and lies in the middle of a narrow, rocky shoal. The wreck of a 7,000 gt vessel, stranded and broken in two,
4.38

lies about 3.5 miles WSW of Little Basses Reef.

Sri Lanka—South Coast—Butawa Point to Illu- Little Basses Light is shown from a white granite tower, with
4.38

katiya Point a black band, 38m high, on Little Basses Reef. The tower has a
domed roof, and is surrounded by two galleries under the lan-
4.37 Butawa Point (6°19'N., 81°29'E.) is rounded and tern.
moderately high. Butawa Rock, 1.8m high and steep-to on its Good radar returns have been reported from the light struc-
4.38

Pub. 173
130 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Sri Lanka—East Coast—Illukatiya Point to Bat-

ticaloa Roads
4.39 The coast between Illukatiya Point and Sangamank-
anda Point, about 33 miles NNE, is nearly all sandy and backed
by jungle, which extends over low, flat ground to isolated hills
inland. from there to Batticaloa Roads, about 45 miles farther
NNW, the coast is cultivated in many places with coconut
palms, and the land behind the coast is low and flat.
The depths off this coast are fairly regular, gradually de-
4.39

creasing toward the land, except N of Arugam Bay (6°50'N.,

81°50'E.) to Sangamankanda Point.
Mayagala, 220m high, about 13 miles W of Illukatiya Point,
4.39

has a remarkable cone-shaped appearance when seen from the

E. Dematagala, about 2 miles ENE of Mayagala, has two sum-
mits, the higher of which is 305m high. Mandagala, 159m
high, about 6 miles farther E, is conspicuous; its summit has a
light-colored precipice facing E, and the top of the precipice,
seen from the SE, appears clear of the summit.
Photo Courtesy of Udena Atygalle, The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)
Chimney Hill, about 11 miles NW of Mandagala, is unusual,
Little Basses Reef Light
4.39

appearing as a truncated cone, surmounted by a vertical rock

ture at 16 miles. resembling a chimney. This hill, which is isolated, can be seen
Winds—Weather.—Winds from the W and SW prevail
4.38
outside a distance of 4 miles off the coast. Kongala (6°34'N.,
from April to November. 81°42'E.) lies nearer the coast.
Asses Ears, about 5 miles NNE of Kongala, and Kudumbegala,
4.39

In January, the sea is rough; vessels bound NE should avoid

4.38
about 2.3 miles farther NNE, are easily recognized.
the SE coast of Sri Lanka. In March, the passage up and down Panawa, a sandy jungle-covered ridge, terminates in a scrub-
4.39

the coast is easy. covered, rocky point, 26m high. The point, from N or S, ap-
Tides—Currents.—Tides and currents on Little Basses
4.38
pears as a flat-topped islet, and a stretch of bare sand lies S of
Reef are, as follows: the point. Bolt Point, about 2.8 miles farther N, is a scrub-cov-
1. January—The currents set SSW at 2 to 2.5 knots. ered rock, 28m high.
2. February—The currents usually set SSW at 2 knots, Nilagalahela, 194m high, lies about 8 miles W of the en-
4.39

but may be less. trance to Arugam Bay, and has two summits. The hill, from the
3. March—The currents generally set SSW, but are vari- E, appears as a single peak, steep on its S side. It is a good
able and weak at times. landmark, as it is the highest in the vicinity, and darker than its
4. April—The currents are usually weak and variable but surroundings.
can be strong when occasionally setting SW.
5. May—The currents set NE at 1 to 3 knots. 4.40 Sangamankanda Point (7°01'N., 81°52'E.) lies close
6. June, July, August, and September—The currents set N of a long, sandy stretch of coast line; a white martello tower,
NNE at 1 to 3 knots. 6.1m high, lies near the point. Good radar returns have been re-
7. October—The currents set NNE at 5 knots, changing ported from the point at 17 miles.
about the middle of the month to SSW. Sangamankanda, 85m high, lies about 3 miles WSW of the
4.40

8. December—The currents set SSW at 5 knots. point.

Caution.—An area of shoal ground lies NNW of Little
4.38
Egeria Patch, a narrow ridge of coral and sand, with a least
4.40

Basses Reef; vessels should not approach within 1.5 miles of depth of 11.9m, lies with its NE extremity about 5.3 miles SE
the reef with the lighthouse bearing between 148° and 185°. If of Sangamankanda Point. The bottom has been seen clearly in
wishing to communicate with the lighthouse, it should be ap- 16.5m.
proached between the bearings of 134° and 109°; the approach Komari Ridge lies with its N end about 1.5 miles E of San-
4.40

to the reef should be avoided on all other bearings. gamankanda Point. It is composed of sand and coral, and has a
Depths beyond the E end of Little Basses Ridge are irregular
4.38 least depth of 5m. The bottom is very uneven for about 3 miles
and overfalls occur. seaward of the ridge; heavy breakers may be caused by winds
and currents.
The sea may break on any part of Little Basses Ridge with a
4.38 In the vicinity of Sangamankanda Point, several mountains
4.40

moderate swell, where depths do not exceed 5.5m, and probably form landmarks. In clear weather, Namunakuli, a sharp peak,
in greater depths. It is inadvisable for other than vessels of light 2,036m high, and Maragalkanda, a long and rounded moun-
draft to attempt to cross any part of the ridge; such vessels tain, about 1,100m high, are visible about 45 and 31 miles, re-
should cross between 2 to 6 miles SW of Little Basses Light. spectively, WSW of Sangamankanda Point. A dangerous
Atlas Rock, with a depth of 5.5m, lies about 1.5 miles NE of
4.38 wreck lies at the point’s N extremity in position 7°01'45''N,
Little Basses Light. 81°53'51''E.

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 131

Westminster Abbey, 558m high at its NW point, lies about

4.40 stead of the usual sea breeze from E.
20 miles W of Sangamankanda Point; it is a remarkable tower- Depressions from the Bay of Bengal may affect Batticaloa at
4.42

like mountain, best seen from E or S and very prominent. the close of the Southwest Monsoon. The Northeast Monsoon
Konduruhela (Kumburahela), 346m high, lies 12.5 miles W
4.40 sets in towards the end of November.
of the same point; it is a very prominent, isolated sugarloaf Aspect.—Batticaloa Light (7°45'N., 81°41'E.) is shown
4.42

peak. from a white tower, 28m high, on the W side of the entrance to
Wadinagala, 735m high, lies about 22 miles WNW of San-
4.40 Batticaloa Lake.
gamankanda Point and has a sharp peak, conspicuous from all A conspicuous lattice tower, marked by red obstruction
4.42

directions. lights, stands about 1.5 miles SSE of the light.

4.40Thomson Hill is about 10 miles NW of Sangamankanda Beacon Rock, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 1.5 miles
4.42

Point; Sharp Hill and Bennington Hill, the latter wooded and ENE of Batticaloa Light, and is the outermost danger.
wedge-shaped, lie about 1.8 miles NNE and 5.5 miles NW, re- Brennus Shoal, with a least depth of 3.2m, lies about 1 mile
4.42

spectively, of Thomson Hill. NE of the same light. A 5.5m patch lies about 0.3 mile NNW
Friar’s Hood (7°26'N., 81°30'E.), 654m high, is well-named
4.40 of the shoal, and Tower Rock, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies
and shows up well among the surrounding hills. It is usually about 183m SSE of the shoal.
the first landmark coming from the N, is unmistakable, and Numerous other dangers lie between Beacon Rock and Batti-
4.42

readily identified from great distances in clear weather. caloa Light.

A cluster of red roofs is conspicuous about 10 miles N of
4.40 Surveyor Rock, with a least depth of 6.4m, lies nearly 1 mile
4.42

Sangamankanda Point; a white tower, about 13 miles farther N, N of Batticaloa Light. Khandalla Bank, with a least depth of
is also conspicuous. 6.4m, lies about 183m SW of Surveyor Rock.
The depths off the coast between Sangamankanda Point and
4.40 Anchorage.—A good berth for a large vessel, in 13.7m, lies
4.42

Batticaloa Roads are regular, except for a few rocky patches with Batticaloa Light bearing 151°, distant 1 mile.
within 1 mile of the coast. The 200m curve lies between 4 and A small vessel may anchor, in 12m, about 0.2 mile ESE of
4.42

10 miles offshore; outside this curve the depths increase sud- Khandalla Bank, with Batticaloa Light bearing 176°. This is a
denly and heavy overfalls occur even in good weather. convenient berth for communicating with the shore.
Alphee Shoal (7°25'N., 81°52'E.), with a least depth of
4.40 Caution.—Approaching from the S, a vessel should not en-
4.42

5.9m, lies about 2 miles ENE of the conspicuous white tower. ter into depths of less than 18.3m until Batticaloa Light bears
199°. A light-draft vessel may approach the anchorage ESE of
4.41 Port Oluvil (7°17'N., 81°51'E.), reported (2013) to be Khandalla Bank, with Batticaloa Light bearing not less than
open, consists of a commercial harbor and an area for fishing 180°.
vessels. The commercial jetty is 390m long, with 330m of
berthing space with alongside depths of 8m. The fishing jetty is Sri Lanka—East Coast—Batticaloa Roads to
260m long, with 200m of berthing space and alongside depths Trincomalee
of 3m. Both jetties are protected by a breakwater that is 1,475m
long. 4.43 The coast between Batticaloa Light and Clarke Point,
Future plans include dredging the commercial jetty to a
4.41 about 16 miles NW, is covered with numerous coconut palms
depth of 11m and adding an additional 470m of berthing to ac- and backed by several conspicuous hills. From there to Foul
commodate vessels up to 16,000 tons. Point, about 35 miles NNW, the coast is low and covered with
jungle, and the hills inland are few and unimportant.
Batticaloa Roads (7°46'N., 81°41'E.) Beyond the 200m curve, along this coast, the depths increase
4.43

suddenly and overfalls occur, even in good weather.

World Port Index No. 49280 In thick weather, it is safe to navigate off this coast by re-
4.43

maining in depths of not less than 37m.

4.42 Batticaloa Roads, an open roadstead, off the entrance Tower Hill (7°43'N., 81°24'E.), 244m high, about 17 miles
4.43

of Batticaloa Lake affords good anchorage during the South- W of Batticaloa Light, is hog-backed, with a conspicuous rock,
west Monsoon, but is dangerous during the Northeast Mon- resembling a tower, on its summit.
soon. Barons Cap, 210m high, about 7 miles N of Tower Hill, is a
4.43

The town of Batticaloa lies about 3 miles S of the lake en-

4.42 sugarloaf hill; it is conspicuous when clear of other hills, espe-
trance; a railroad bridge crosses the lake in the vicinity. cially from about due E, but from NE its top appears broader
Winds—Weather.—At Batticaloa, W or SW winds prevail
4.42 and merges with the hills farther S.
from February to November. Gunner’s Quoin, about 15 miles W of Baron’s Cap, is a large
4.43

During the night and morning at Batticaloa, the wind is usu-

4.42 wedge-shaped mountain and a good mark.
ally light and variable, particularly during the Southwest Mon- Kirimechiodai Malai, 7 miles WNW of Clarke Point, is 56m
4.43

soon, and in the transitional periods between the monsoons. In high, and only seen between bearings of 247° and 292°, when
the afternoon, sea breezes, usually from NE to SE, are preva- it appears as a low wedge-shaped hill with a small peak, rising
lent. steeply from S and sloping N.
During the Southwest Monsoon, a hot, dry wind, usually W
4.42 Kunchan Kallu, 125m high, lies about 10.5 miles WNW of
4.43

or SW, may blow down from the hills. It is most prevalent Clarke Point; from the SE it appears wedge-shaped and moder-
during June and July, when winds from these directions are re- ately steep-to, but from the NE it has no well-defined summit.
corded in the afternoon, on an average of 7 days per month, in- Small Quoin, about 4.3 miles farther WNW, is 158m and
4.43

Pub. 173
132 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

from the SE slopes to a single rounded summit. light is shown from a white round tower, 21m high, on the
Baker Rocks lie on reefs extending about 1.3 miles NE of
4.43 summit of the island.
Vendloos Point (7°55'N., 81°35'E.). Depths in Trincomalee Bay, in the approach to Trincomalee
4.45

Clarke Point, about 4.5 miles farther NNW, is low and

4.43 Harbor, are deep.
fringed by rocks and foul ground. Elephant Rock, 7m high and
light-colored, lies close N of Clarke Point. Trincomalee Bay—Southeast Side
Challitivu Island, about 8.5 miles NNW of Clarke Point, is
4.43

9m high and wooded. Panditiva Munai, about 4.3 miles farther 4.46 The coast between Kevuliya (Foul Point) and Norway
NNW, is sharp and rocky, with a small above-water rock close Point, about 2.5 miles WSW, is low and fronted by a shoal
off it. bank. Northesk Rocks, a patch with a least depth of 1.2m, lies
about 1.5 miles WSW of Kevuliya (Foul Point).
4.44 Kadeawella Point (Muricaadi Munai) (8°12'N., Norway Islet, 13m high, lies about 0.3 mile WSW of Nor-
4.46

81°26'E.) is fronted by rocks, the highest of which is 3m high. way Point. Beacon Rock, 2.4m high, lies about 0.2 mile SW of
Virgel Rocks, about 2.5 miles N of Kadeawella Point and
4.44 Norway Islet.
about 1 mile offshore, consist of two sunken rocks and a rock, Koddiyar Bay, entered between Norway Point and Marble
4.46

0.9m high. Point, about 4 miles W, has low shores, with several rivers
Tree Rock, 13m high, with a tree on it, lies about 5 miles
4.44 emptying into it.
NNW of Kadeawella Point and about 0.3 mile offshore; a rock, Koddiyar Sands fronts the shore for about 1 mile E and 2
4.46

0.6m high, lies about 0.5 mile E of Tree Rock. miles W of the mouth of the Koddiyar Aru. When the rivers are
Ship Rock, 19m high, lies about 1.8 mile NNW of Tree
4.44 in flood, shoal depths extend farther seaward off the mouths of
Rock, abreast a conspicuous rock on the coast. Alligator Rock, the Koddiyar Aru and the river about 1.8 miles farther W; an
0.9m high, with a sunken rock close NE, lies about 1.5 miles E extension of about 91m has been recorded after heavy rains.
of Ship Rock. Brown Shoal, with a least depth of 9.1m, lies about 1.3 miles
4.46

The entrance of a lagoon lies about 2.8 miles N of Ship

4.44 NW of the W entrance of the Koddiyar Aru.
Rock. Several islets lie off the entrance; the highest islet, Elizabeth Island (8°30'N., 81°13'E.), about 1 mile S of
4.46

18.3m high, with some trees on it, is conspicuous. Round Island, consists of bare rock with a well-defined sum-
White Rock, 8m high, lies on the beach about 3 miles N of
4.44 mit, 10m high; the island appears conical from the N. The is-
the lagoon entrance and shows up well during the forenoon. land is surrounded by rocks and shoals to a distance of 0.2
Heming Rocks extend about 1.5 miles NE from White Rock;
4.44 mile, except on its E side. A beacon, 9.4m high, lies near the
the highest rock is 6m high, and the outermost is 2.1m high and summit of the island.
about 1 mile offshore. Niger Rock lies about 0.5 mile NW of Elizabeth Island.
4.46

Coral Point, about 6 miles NNW of White Rock, is sur-

4.44

rounded by coral reef. Trincomalee Bay—Northwest Side

Kevuliya (Foul Point) (8°32'N., 81°19'E.), about 2.8 miles
4.44

NW of Coral Point, is low, covered with coconut trees, and 4.47 Flagstaff Point (8°35'N., 81°15'E.), the NW entrance
forms the SE entrance point of Trincomalee Bay. point of Trincomalee Bay, is the N end of Fort Frederick. It is a
Munayai Paru, a coral patch with large boulders, with a least
4.44 bold promontory with black vertical cliffs on its E side, which
depth of 4.3m and steep-to, lies about 1 mile NNW of Kevuliya gradually diminish in height from 9.1m at Flagstaff Point, to
(Foul Point), and close off a reef extending NW of the point. sea level in a rocky point at the SE corner. The promontory
Tides—Currents.—Near Trincomalee the current sets, as
4.44 gives a wedge-shaped appearance from the N or S as the top of
follows: the headland slopes with the cliffs. The summit, 51m high,
1. October to February—Usually S at 0.5 to 3 knots. with a building and a radio mast marked by a red obstruction
2. March and April—Usually N at 0.5 to 1.3 knots. light on it, is about 0.2 mile from the N point. A large, detached
3. May to July—Generally inappreciable, but irregular rock, with perpendicular sides and a flat top, lies close off the
currents set strongly N and sometimes S. N end of Flagstaff Point.
4. August—Usually N at 0.5 to 1.3 knots. The Maidan, an open grassy space between the fort and the
4.47

5. September—Same as for May to July. town of Trincomalee, is the SW end of Fort Frederick, where
there is a fortification wall, 15m high, with bastions at each an-
Approaches to Trincomalee Harbor gle. The white gateway of the fort, on the S front, is very con-
spicuous from S, as is the Irrigation Office, a large white
4.45 Trincomalee Harbor is approached through Trin- building near the sea, on the S front.
comalee Bay, which is entered between Kevuliya (Foul Point) Dutch Bay lies between Fort Frederick and Dutch Point,
4.47

(8°32'N., 81°19'E.) and Flagstaff Point, about 5.5 miles NW. about 0.7 mile S. It has low sandy shores, and the flatland, on
The entrance of Trincomalee Harbor lies on the NW side of the which the S part of Trincomalee is built, stretches back to Trin-
bay. comalee Harbor. Dutch Point, 34m high to the tops of the trees,
Koddiyar Bay occupies the S portion of Trincomalee Bay;
4.45 has a cliffy and rocky sea face.
Tambalagam Bay, a shallow lagoon, extends from the NW cor- The N part of Dutch Bay is shoal and rocky, and Pra Malai, a
4.47

ner of Koddiyar Bay. small rocky islet, lies about 91m offshore. The white dome of
Round Island (8°30'N., 81°13'E.) lies in the W part of Trin-
4.45 the Roman Catholic Church, showing above the trees, is con-
comalee Bay, about 5.5 miles W of Kevuliya (Foul Point). A spicuous about 0.5 mile NW of Dutch Point. The Naval Com-

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 133

missioner’s House, a white flat-topped two-story structure, WSW of Round Island, appears from the E as a small round
with a pillared veranda and lying among trees, is conspicuous hill, 30m high, terminating S in a low, rocky ridge, about 0.9m
about 137m farther N. high.
Anchorage.—During the height of the Southwest Monsoon,
4.47 Diamond Hill, a wooded and fairly conspicuous peak, 79m
4.49

Dutch Bay will be found to be a more convenient anchorage for high, rises about 0.5 mile NNW of Marble Point. White Top
boat work than Trincomalee Harbor, as there is an excellent lee Rock, 7m high, lies close offshore about 0.2 mile NE of Dia-
for landing anywhere along the shore, and as a rule, no swell. mond Hill.
The best anchorage, in 12m, lies with Dutch Point bearing Clappenburg Point, the W entrance point of Trincomalee
4.49

174°, distant about 0.5 mile. Harbor, lies about 1.3 miles N of Marble Point. It is the E ex-
Caution.— Multiple wrecks lie between Flagstaff Point and
4.47 tremity of a narrow cockscomb ridge, extending about 0.5 mile
Chapel Hill within the 20m contour line. WSW and forming a straight bare cliff on its S side; the ridge
has two summits, 33 and 30m high, and small shrubs grow
Rocky Point, about 0.3 mile S of Dutch Point, is the NE end
4.47 along the crest. About 0.3 mile WSW of Clappenburg Point,
of Ostenburg Ridge. The point is narrow and cliffy, and extends the cliffs are broken to the waterline by a precipitous gap,
about 0.3 mile NE in a series of remarkable knife-edged rocks; spanned by a narrow causeway. The part E of the gap is known
among these rocks is a rocky pillar that very conspicuous from as Clappenburg Island.
the N or S. The rocks forming the point diminish in height A conspicuous masonry beacon, 3m high, painted in black
4.49

gradually, and end in a shoal ridge about 91m outside the out- and white bands, and surmounted by a disc topmark, lies on
ermost rock, where it is steep-to. A dangerous wreck, best seen Clappenburg Point.
on the chart, lies close NE of Rocky Point near the 20m curve. Clappenburg Hill, 105m high and covered with dense jungle,
4.49

rises to a double summit, named Kari Malai Utu Malai, about 1

4.48 Chapel Point (8°33'N., 81°15'E.), nearly 1 mile S of mile WSW of Clappenburg Point.
Rocky Point, is rocky with a rounded base, behind which the Grommet Rock, awash, lies about 0.5 mile S of Clappenburg
4.49

land rises steeply to Chapel Hill, 103m high. The hill forms the Point. The rock is often not visible on a calm day, but during
NE end of Elephant Ridge, and is covered with jungle; the re- the Southwest Monsoon the sea usually breaks over it. A 2.3m
mainder of the ridge is more sparsely wooded, and between the patch, marked by a buoy, lies about 0.2 mile NE of Grommet
trees, are long vertical streaks and spaces of red earth. Rock.
Chapel Island, about 0.2 mile SSE of Chapel Point, is flat in
4.48 Minden Rock, with a least depth of 3.7m, and Nade Munai
4.49

its N part with trees and bushes, but the higher portion is bare Paar, a 2.3m patch, lie about 0.3 and 0.5 mile, respectively, SE
rock, the summit consisting of a large square-topped and flat- of Clappenburg Point. These steep-to dangers are seldom
fronted boulder. marked by breakers or show in any way.
Chapel Rock, about 0.5 mile NE of Chapel Point, is 0.9m
4.48 Tides—Currents.—Near Round Island, a current, apparent-
4.49

high; a rocky ridge, with a rock awash at its outer end, extends ly tidal, runs ESE and WSW, sometimes attaining a velocity of
about 0.2 mile NE from the rock. 1.5 knots.
Elephant Point, about 1.3 miles SW of Chapel Point, is low
4.48 A current has been experienced off Norway Point, setting
4.49

and can be easily recognized by the low bastion of an old fort NE at a velocity of 2 knots, out of Koddiyar Bay.
at its extremity. Hoods Tower lies near the summit of a 77m
hill, about 0.3 mile NE of Elephant Point. Trincomalee Harbor (8°33'N., 81°13'E.)
Elephant Island, about 0.4 mile ESE of Elephant Point, is
4.48

36m high to the tops of the trees. The W part of the island is a World Port Index No. 49290
narrow rocky point terminating in a small cone, 2.4m high.
Elephant Rock, with a least depth of 1.2m, lies about 183m
4.48 4.50 Trincomalee Harbor, entered between Clappenburg
W of the SW end of Elephant Island. Point (8°32'N., 81°13'E.) and Elephant Point, is the only en-
tirely sheltered natural harbor in the South Asian subcontinent.
Trincomalee Bay—West Side The shores of the harbor are indented by picturesque bays and
coves separated by hilly, wooded points; it also encloses sever-
4.49 Marble Point (8°31'N., 81°13'E.), about 0.8 mile al islands and islets.

Trincomalee—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside Size Beam Draft LOA
Malay Cove Prima Ceylon Terminal
4,187 dwt/
Outer Prima Jetty 181m 13.0m — — 229m Grain and breakbulk.
8,481gt
Grain and breakbulk. Berth-
82,787 dwt/
Inner Prima Jetty 242m — — 5.9m 229m ing length of 312m (including
45,055 gt
dolphins).

Pub. 173
134 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Trincomalee—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside Size Beam Draft LOA
Tokyo Cement Terminal
Cement, clinker, and gypsum.
Cement Jetty 105m 10.0m 35,283 dwt — 8.6m 176m Berthing length 255m (in-
cluding dolphins).
Trincomalee Oil Terminal
Clean products. Berthing
Oil Boom Jetty
30m 10.0m 47,370 dwt 32m 9.75m 200m length 123m (including dol-
(OBJ)
phins).
Ashroff Terminal
63,227 dwt/
Ashroff Jetty 250m 13.0m — 12.5m 250m Cruise vessels and breakbulk.
35,812 gt

The harbor, which was formerly a naval base, is now under

4.50 conveyor extends NW to the shore.
development, to include improved alongside berthing, as a Further information on the berthing facilities in Trincomalee
4.50

commercial port. can be found in the table titled Trincomalee—Berth Informa-

There are considerable depths extending about 1.3 miles
4.50 tion.
within the harbor entrance, then gradually shoaling with a fair Pandi Aricha Munai Paar (8°32'N., 81°13'E.), a shoal with
4.50

degree of regularity into the various bays and coves. Vessels of a least depth of 4.6m, lies about 0.2 mile ENE of Clappenburg
almost any size can obtain anchorage in the harbor. Point, the W entrance point of the harbor.
Winds—Weather.—The climate of Trincomalee is general-
4.50 Round Point Shoals consists of two shoal patches, about
4.50

ly healthy. The dry season is from May to September, during 183m apart, lying about 0.1 mile N and 0.2 mile NW, respec-
the Southwest Monsoon, although there is a tendency for tively of Round Point (8°33.4'N., 81°12.3'E.). There is a least
showers in the afternoon and evening. A wind sometimes de- depth of 3.7m over the E shoal, which is marked E and NW by
velops in the harbor causing small breaking waves which may buoys. The W shoal, marked NW by a buoy, has a least depth
endanger boats. of 4.6m.
During the Northeast Monsoon, there is a heavy swell on the
4.50 Dockyard Shoal, consisting of two rocky heads with depths
4.50

outer beaches; wind and rain storms of short duration, but vio- of less than 1.8m, lies about 0.5 mile N of Ostenburg Point
lent, occur. (8°32.5'N., 81°13.3'E.). Buoys are situated close NW of the in-
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Trincomalee is 0.7m at
4.50 ner head and close SW of the outer head.
MHWS, and 0.5m at MHWN. York Shoal, about 0.3 mile NNW of Dockyard Shoal, lies
4.50

During November and December, the months with the great-

4.50 about 0.4 mile WSW of York Island and its marked S by a
est average rainfall, the surface water is practically always run- buoy. Keroela Rock, close N of York Shoal, has a least depth of
ning out of the harbor, at velocities varying from 0.5 to 1 knot 4.1m.
in mid-channel, but with a greater velocity near the shore. Af- Aspect.—The W side of Trincomalee Harbor is indented by
4.50

ter passing Elephant Point, the current sets SE at a velocity of 1 four principal bays, which also contain several coves.
knot. Clappenburg Bay lies on the N side of Clappenburg Island.
4.50

At a depth of 18.3m, and probably at lesser depths, the water

4.50 Clappenburg Wharf lies at the head of the bay.
flows inward at half the velocity of the outgoing surface cur- Great Sober Island (Pambuttivu), in the SW part of the har-
4.50

rent. Little is known of the current inside Trincomalee Harbor bor, is dominated by Gravel Hill, 70m high, the wooded sum-
during the Southwest Monsoon. mit of the island. A ruined causeway joins the NW part of
Depths—Limitations.—Although there are a number of
4.50 Great Sober Island to a boulder-strewn spit extending NE from
piers in various parts of the harbor, the large majority of cargo the coast.
is transferred by lighters. Small Sober Island, 35m high, lies close E of Great Sober Is-
4.50

Prima Jetty, a T-headed jetty, is situated in Malay Cove close

4.50 land, to which it is connected by a ruined causeway. Eagle
SW of Round Point. Point, the E extremity of Small Sober Island, is marked close S
Oiling Berth No. 1 (Oil Bunkering Jetty) lies on the S side of
4.50 by a beacon. A lighted buoy is moored NE of the beacon. A
China Bay about 0.2 mile W of Round Point. Oiling Berth No. small 12.8m patch, existence doubtful, lies about 0.2 mile N of
2 and Oiling Berth No. 3, located about 0.2 mile W of Oiling Eagle Point.
Berth No. 1, are in ruins. Orlando Cove lies N of Little Sober Island, on the E side of
4.50

Ashroff Quay, a T-headed pier, extends SE from the NW side

4.50 Great Sober Island.
of China Bay. Round Point, the N entrance point of Malay Cove, lies about
4.50

Tokyo Cement Jetty, located on the NW side of Cod Bay, is a

4.50 1 mile NW of Eagle Point. Sister Shoal, with a least depth of
detached dolphin jetty, with a mooring buoy at each end. A 0.6m, lies in the entrance of Malay Cove, about 0.5 mile S of

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 135

Round Point. A 3.7m shoal patch and a foul area lie SW of Sis- the International Code of Signals, are required from all vessels
ter Shoal and are best seen on the chart. arriving off the port:
China Bay lies N of Malay Cove and is separated from it by
4.50 1. Flag Q by day, or red and white lights, vertically dis-
a promontory terminating in Round Point, on which Mount played, at night—The vessel has not yet received pratique.
Challenger lies, rising to a height of 48m, 0.4 mile WSW of the 2. House flag under the ensign at the stern, by day, or
point. white light under stern light, at night—Restricted pratique
A conspicuous flour mill and silos, marked by red obstruc-
4.50 has been granted.
tion lights, stand 0.2 mile WSW of Round Point. On the S side, 3. Signal QQQ by day, or three green lights, vertically
the mill is fronted by Prima Jetty, used by bulk carriers to sup- disposed, at night—The vessel is infected.
ply the mill. Contact Information.—See the table titled Trincomalee—
4.50

Cod Bay, at the head of the harbor, is entered between Mid-

4.50 Contact Information.
dle Point (8°34'N., 81°12'E.) and Cod Point, about 0.2 mile Anchorage.—A good anchorage can be found in almost any
4.50

WNW. part of Trincomalee Harbor during fair weather. The most shel-
Railway Spit Buoy is moored close E of two shoal patches
4.50 tered anchorage in the harbor is in Orlando Cove, in 28m, with
about 0.3 mile SW of Middle Point. the NE point of Great Sober Island bearing 316°.
Elephant Point, previously described in paragraph 4.48, is
4.50 Anchorage in the approaches to the port is only permitted to
4.50

the E entrance point of Trincomalee Harbor, and the SW ex- vessels awaiting a pilot, but vessels may find sheltered and
tremity of Elephant Ridge. convenient anchorage in Dutch Bay, Orlando Cove, and NW of
Ostenburg Point, about 0.5 mile NW of Elephant Point, lies at
4.50 Round Island.
the SW extremity of Ostenburg Ridge. Ostenburg Light is shown
from a lantern on the SW corner of a wall of a conspicuous Trincomalee—Contact Information
building, about 1,137m N of Ostenburg Point. A radio mast is
situated about 0.8 mile E of the light. Elephant Ridge and Osten- Port
burg Ridge, two straight-topped hills, parallel to each other, form VHF VHF channels 10, 12, and 16
the S part of the E shore of Trincomalee Harbor.
Telephone 94-26-223-3600 (ext. 221)
Town Bay and Powder Bay lie in the area between Osten-
4.50

burg Point and Plantain Point, about 1.7 miles NW. Powder Is- E-mail info@[Link]
land, separating the two bays, is 9m high to the tops of the trees Web site [Link]
and is connected to the coast by a causeway.
Powder Rocks, a group of low black rocks, lie about 0.5 mile
4.50
Deputy Harbormaster
SW of Powder Island. The highest rock is 2.7m high, with 94-26-222-2472 (office)
some mangrove bushes on it. Powder Spit Buoy marks the W Telephone
end of shoal water surrounding Powder Rocks. 94-71-868-8346 (mobile)
Plantain Point is the SW end of a narrow wooded peninsula;
4.50
Facsimile 94-26-222-2472
Orr's Hill, 25m high, about 0.5 mile NW of the point, is the
summit of the ridge. A white cylindrical beacon stands on the E-mail dhm@[Link]
point, with a lookout tower about 0.2 mile NE. There are a Pilots
number of houses on the point, partially obscured by trees. A
shoal spit extends about 0.1 mile SW of Plantain Point. Telephone 94-26-223-3446
Yard Cove is entered W of Plantain Point.
4.50

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is available during

4.50 Directions.—Approaching from the S, pass 2 miles E of
4.50

daylight hours only. Pilots board 0.2 mile N of Round Island. Foul Point, steering 314° until Round Island bears 235°; steer
Vessels awaiting a pilot should anchor 0.5 mile NW of
4.50
for it on that bearing until the beacon on Clappenburg Point
Round Island; if arriving between 1800 and 2100, vessels may bears 295°. Then head for the beacon on that bearing until
be brought in at the discretion of the Deputy Master Attendant. Round Island Light bears 168°, when course should be altered
Vessels can communicate with the pilot station via VHF and
4.50
NNW into the harbor, keeping the same light bearing 168°
by telephone (94-26-223-3446). astern.
Vessels embarking a pilot should preferably lower an accom-
4.50
Approaching from the N, keep Foul Point Light bearing 179°
4.50

modation ladder; if this is not practicable they should let down until Round Island Light bears 236°; steer for it on that bearing
a pilot ladder and two stout man ropes. until the beacon on Clappenburg Point bears 295°,then proceed
Regulations.—There is a naval signal station near Osten-
4.50
as directed above.
burg Point. At night, approaching from S, do not bring Foul Island Light
4.50

The vessel’s ETA, together with a dangerous cargo declara-

4.50 to bear less than 193° until Round Island Light bears 247° on
tion, should be sent through Colombo at least 24 hours in ad- this bearing the sector changes from red to white. Keeping in
vance. the white sector, steer for the same light until Foul Point Light
Vessels may enter during daylight hours only.
4.50
bears E. Then alter course to W, keeping Foul Point Light bear-
The Port Health Officer boards vessels after arrival at the an-
4.50
ing 090° astern, and passing through the red sector of Round
chorage; pratique for vessels arriving from another port in Sri Island Light. On entering the white sector of Round Island
Lanka is automatic. Light, alter course to 348° keeping the same light astern in the
Signals.—The following signals, consisting of flags from
4.50
white sector, bearing 168°.

Pub. 173
136 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Approaching from the N at night, keep Foul Point Light

4.50 and the sea does not break over it. The E extremities of Fort
bearing 179° until Round Island Light bears 236°. Keeping in Frederick and Chapel Island, in line bearing 179°, lead E of
the white sector, steer for Round Island Light on the same bear- this danger.
ing until Foul Point Light bears E, then proceed as directed Fairlie Rocks, awash, extend 0.5 mile offshore E of Nilaweli
4.51

above. Hill. Diomede Rock, awash, and a 3m depth lie about 1.8 miles
Caution.—All anchorages and landings in the approaches to
4.50 NE and 2.3 miles ENE, respectively, of Nilaweli Hill.
Trincomalee and those within the harbor are subject to security Pigeon Island, 30m high and rocky, lies about 2 miles ESE of
4.51

clearance from the Sri Lanka Navy and prior notification to the Ava Point. Shoals extend E, and a rocky islet lies about 0.7
pilot station before use. mile SSE of the island.
An entry prohibited area, best seen on the chart, extends
4.50 Caution.—At night or in thick weather, vessels should not
4.51

from Ostenburg Point NE to Pepperpot Jetty, in the SE portion approach the coast between Elizabeth Point and Pigeon Island
of Town Bay. in depths of less than 46m.
Firing practice areas are centered 17 miles NE and 23 miles
4.50 Foul ground extends about 1.3 miles ENE from Ava Point.
4.51

ESE of Trincomalee Harbor.

4.52 Andambanmala, a rounded hill,115m high, lies about
Sri Lanka—East Coast—Trincomalee to Point 5 miles WNW of Ava Point. Pinnacle Rock, a sharp finger-like
Pedro peak, 65m high, is conspicuous about 1 mile NE of Andamban-
mala.
4.51 Back Bay, entered between Flagstaff Point(8°35'N., Flat Rock, 6.4m high, lies about 5 miles NW of Ava Point.
4.52

81°15'E.) and Elizabeth Point, about 3 miles NNW, is largely Pinnacle Rock, 1.5m high, with a shoal area extending E, lies
used by local craft trading with Trincomalee during the South- about 1 mile SSE of Flat Rock.
west Monsoon. Koduwakattumalai (Boulder Point) (8°52'N., 81°05'E.) is
4.52

The SE side of the bay, formed by the NW side of Fort Fred-

4.51 the N of two rocky headlands separated by a sandy bay. A
erick, has a rocky shore with steep, wooded, and grassy slopes framework tower, 61m high, is conspicuous about 0.8 mile S of
above. The W shore of the bay, between Fort Frederick and the point. Another tower stands about 2.3 miles farther SSE. A
Red Bluff, about 3 miles NNW, is formed by a smooth sweep group of rocks, one of which is 6m high, lies about 2 miles NW
of sand, backed by a low shore fringed with coconut palms; of the point. Good radar returns have been reported from the
farther inland is a low range of wooded hills. Red Bluff con- point at 17 miles.
sists of two patches of bare earthy cliffs, 14m high and covered Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, vessels may
4.52

with jungle. obtain sheltered anchorage up to 2 miles offshore S of Kodu-

Back Bay Light is shown during the Southwest Monsoon
4.51 wakattumalai, in depths of 18.3 to 28m, mud, and farther NW
from a house about 0.8 mile WSW of Flagstaff Point. along the coast, in 16.5 to 18.3m.
Bazaar Rock, 0.6m high, lies on the outer part of a reef, sur-
4.51 Shoulder Point, a low rocky headland, lies about 6 miles NW
4.52

rounded by foul ground, extending about 0.3 mile NNE from of Koduwakattumalai. It is fringed by reefs with two rocks 4.5
the beach, about 1 mile W of Flagstaff Point. and 6.1m high. A light is shown from the point. A dangerous
Elizabeth Point is low and not easily distinguished, the land
4.51 reef, on which the sea breaks, and which was not examined in
behind being slightly elevated, wooded, and fronted by coconut 1945, lies about 1 mile SE of Shoulder Point.
trees. Coral reef extends about 183m offshore SW of the point. Black Point (9°06'N., 80°54'E.) has conspicuous cliffs, 37m
4.52

Lively Rocks lie at the E end of a shoal spit extending about

4.51 high, close N. The entrance to a lagoon, N of the cliffs, is also
0.5 mile E of Elizabeth Point. Two of these rocks are always conspicuous.
above-water; one of these is 0.6m high. The sea nearly always Mullaittivu Shoals (9°18'N., 80°51'E.), with depths less
4.52

breaks on another of these rocks. than 8m, extends for about 3.5 miles N, as seen on the chart.
Anchorage may be taken anywhere in Back Bay during the
4.51 Rocks lie about 2 miles W. During the Northeast Monsoon the
Southwest Monsoon, but it is dangerous during the Northeast sea breaks heavily on the N side of Mullaittivu Shoals.
Monsoon. The most convenient berth, in 14m, sand, lies with Caution.—Vessels should not approach the coast within 2
4.52

Flagstaff Point bearing 137°, distant about 0.6 mile. miles between Shoulder Point and Mullaittivu Shoals; there are
The coast between Elizabeth Point and Koduwakattu Malai,
4.51 no reported off-lying dangers with the possible exception of a
about 17 miles NW, consists of long, sandy beaches fronting 9.1m patch and an 11.3m patch, about 1 mile NE and 3.3 miles
several lagoons. The shore is generally wooded and backed by N, respectively, of Shoulder Point.
low hills. Reefs and foul ground extend over 1.5 miles offshore Less water has been reported (2001) in the vicinity of Mul-
4.52

between Elizabeth Point and Ava Point, about 7 miles NNW, laittivu Shoals, as seen on the chart.
and for about 1 mile offshore between Ava Point and Kodu- A dangerous wreck, position approximate and seen on the
4.52

wakattu Malai, about 10 miles farther NW. chart, lies in position 9°16'N, 80°52'E.
Caution.—A number of rocks and shoals, lie off this section
4.51

of coast, and uncharted dangers may lie within the 20m curve. 4.53 A conspicuous hillock lies about 4.5 miles NW of
Nilaveli Hill, 55m high and shaped like a sugarloaf, is con-
4.51 Mullaittivu.
spicuous about 3 miles NNW of Elizabeth Point; radio masts About 8 miles farther NW, a gap appears distinctive between
4.53

are conspicuous about 1.5 miles farther N. the bearings of 200° and 248°; a conspicuous tree lies on the
Malai Porru Putta Paar, with a least depth of 4.3m, lies about
4.51 NW side of the gap.
1 mile NE of Elizabeth Point. This dangerous shoal is steep-to Another very distinctive gap in the coast, with a conspicuous
4.53

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 137

tree SE, lies about 3.5 miles NW of the above gap. Caution.—During SW winds, a red sand haze forms over
4.54

Chundikkulam, about 2.5 miles farther NW, has several gaps

4.53 the land between Mullaittivu and Point Pedro; the haze may re-
SE which are not always visible, but are conspicuous at times. duce coastal visibility to about 3 miles.
Kaddaikadu (9°34'N., 80°29'E.), about 8 miles NW of
4.53 The best time to make the obelisk is during the forenoon, so
4.54

Chundikkulam, has a church which is conspicuous between the as to arrive at the S end of the channel about noon. The obelisk
bearings of 180° and 200°. will then be visible from the N until the high trees and light
Pedro Channel South Obelisk, a white obelisk, 15m high,
4.53 structure at Point Pedro are made out, and there will be no dif-
surmounted by a white diamond, is conspicuous about 2 miles ficulty in avoiding Ethiopia Shoal.
NW of Kaddaikadu; the top of the obelisk has a height of 22m.
Saint Anthony’s Church lies 4.5 miles NW of the obelisk.
4.53
Palk Strait
Saint Mary’s Church, with a red roof, at Kudarappu, about 4
miles farther NW, is visible at intervals between the trees. 4.55 Palk Strait (10°00'N., 80°00'E.), forming the N en-
Pedro Channel Middle Beacon, a concrete beacon, painted in
4.53 trance to Palk Bay, lies between the N coast of Sri Lanka and
black and white bands, lies about 1.3 miles NNW of Saint the E coast of India. The strait is occupied largely by banks,
Mary’s Church. with depths of from 5.5 to 9.1m, and by numerous shoals with
Some very conspicuous sand dunes lie near the coast about
4.53 less depths over then.
4.5 miles NW of Saint Mary’s Church. A Hindu shrine, visible The three principal entrance channels are South Channel,
4.55

from seaward and close to a red-roofed church, stands about Middle Channel, and North Channel. South Channel, consist-
1.5 miles NW of the sand dunes. ing of East Channel and West Channel, and North Channel are
There are several other Hindu shrines at Manalkadu and Kat-
4.53 generally used by local vessels. Large vessels use Pedro Chan-
kovalam, about 2.5 and 5 miles, respectively, NNW of the sand nel and West Channel.
dunes. Manalkadu Church was reported to be distinctive be- Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise in Palk Strait (Point Pe-
4.55

tween the bearings of 188° and 270°. dro) is 0.7m at MHWS, and 0.5m at MHWN.
The coast between Katkovalam and Point Pedro is lined with
4.53 The tidal currents in Palk Strait and Palk Bay are irregular,
4.55

casuarina trees and palms, about 21m high. being influenced by the prevailing winds. During February,
March, and April the tidal currents are more regular, changing
4.54 Point Pedro (9°50'N., 80°15'E.), the NE point of Sri every 6.5 hours at high and low water in the bay. They set W
Lanka, is marked by Point Pedro Light, shown from a white during the rising tide and E during the falling tide at Trin-
masonry tower, 32m high. comalee.
Point Pedro Shoal, with depths of less than 9.1m, lies rough-
4.54 From West Channel to Delft Island, about 18 miles SSW, the
4.55

ly parallel with the coast and from 3 to as much as 8 miles off- tidal currents follow the direction of the coast, setting SW and
shore. From abreast Point Pedro, it stretches about 23 miles SE during the falling tide at Trincomalee. At springs, the cur-
SE, and several miles NW. Stork Shoal, with a least depth of rents reach a velocity of nearly 1 knot in Delft Channel and
1.8m, about 6 miles ESE of Point Pedro, and Ethiopia Shoal, about 0.8 knot in the West Channel.
with a depth of 2.3m, about 3.5 miles farther SE, are the two Currents generally set with the wind, except in May and Oc-
4.55

shallowest heads. tober when they are variable. During February, March, and
Pedro Channel, the passage between Pedro Shoal and the
4.54 April, in a calm, there is no current in the entrance of Palk Bay.
coast, has depths of 11.4 to 14.6m. In the middle of Palk Bay, the current sets leeward in either
4.55

Point Pedro, a town and port open from mid-February to

4.54 monsoon.
mid-October, lies about 0.8 mile W of Point Pedro. There is a When a N current is running outside Palk Strait, a current
4.55

custom house with a red roof and several bungalows in the vi- setting out of the strait is usually found. When a S current is
cinity. It has been reported (2002) that a small dolphin jetty at running, it is presumed that the reverse takes place. Close in-
Point Pedro can work lighters of up to 2.5m draft. shore, tidal currents are felt, and they vary the strength of the
Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained in any part
4.54 current in the vicinity of Middle Banks.
of Pedro Channel, except in the prohibited anchorage area near Depths—Limitations.—South Banks (9°57'N., 79°57'E.)
4.55

Point Pedro. consist of a number of shoals with depths of less than 5.5m.
Directions.—A vessel passing outside of Pedro Point Shoal
4.54 Depths of 7.3 to 9.1m extend E of these banks to join Point Pe-
should not approach land inside depths of 37m by day, or in- dro Shoal, N of Point Pedro. A depth of 5.5m was reported
side depths of 46m at night, between Pigeon Inland (8°43'N., (1973) to lie in approximate position 10°01'N, 80°03'E.
81°12'E.) and Point Pedro. Middle Banks consist of numerous shoals, with depths of
4.55

A vessel proceeding through Pedro Channel should pass

4.54 less than 5.5m, lying N of South Banks. The banks include
Mullaittivu Shoals in a depth of not less than 37m, and should Eight Foot Bank, with a least depth of 2.3m, about 6.5 miles S
not approach the coast NW of these shoals inside depths of of Point Calimere (10°17'N., 79°52'E.).
18.3m, until Pedro Channel South Obelisk bears 280°. The South Channel consists of E Channel and West Channel.
4.55

coast should then be approached on this bearing, as discolored East Channel, with a least depth of 7.3m, lies between South
water and shallower depths than charted have been reported in Banks and Point Pedro Shoal; a depth of 5.5m was reported
this vicinity. This course leads N of the shoals extending NW (1973) about 16.5 miles NW of Point Pedro. The channel, with
from Mullaittivu and S of the SE end of Point Pedro Shoal. Af- a least depth of 10.1m in the fairway, lies between South Banks
ter clearing the latter shoal, alter course NW keeping about 1.5 and the shoal water extending NW from Karaitivu (9°44'N.,
miles off the coast. 79°53'E.). A least depth of 10.7m could be carried (1944)

Pub. 173
138 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

through West Channel over a width of 0.3 mile, but local two mooring buoys at the harbor entrance until the quay has
knowledge is necessary to ensure safe navigation in this depth. been completed.
Middle Channel, between South Banks and Middle Banks, is
4.55 Anchorage for vessels waiting to berth can be obtained about
4.57

about 4 miles wide, with a least depth of 4.6m in the center of 0.5 mile NW of the breakwater head. A pilot will board at the
the channel; elsewhere the least depth in this channel is 5.5m. anchorage. Vessels not supplying the cement works anchor off
North Channel, between Middle Banks and Point Calimere
4.55 the beach near Western Bastion in good weather.
to the N, has a least depth of 5.9m over a width of about 1.8 The coast between Kankesanturai and the NW extremity of
4.57

miles, between the shore bank fringing Point Calimere and a the Jaffna Peninsula, about 9 miles WSW, is bordered by pal-
4.1m patch about 4 miles SSE of the point. myra and coconut palms, and fringed by coral reef. A conspic-
Caution.—It has been reported (1993) that vessels may not
4.55 uous sand hill lies about 1 mile W of Matakal, a village about 5
use Palk Strait and the E territorial waters of Sri Lanka without miles WSW of Kankesanturai.
prior permission of the Sri Lankan Naval Command. A bank, with depths of 5.5m and less, extends up to 2 miles
4.57

A stranded wreck lies in Middle Channel SE of Middle

4.55 offshore in places off the NW end of the Jaffna Peninsula. A
Banks. Other dangerous wrecks in Palk Bay and Palk Strait are 3.2m coral patch lies near the outer edge of this bank, nearly
best seen on the chart. 1.8 miles NW of the conspicuous sand hill W of Matakal.
Sri Lanka has prohibited use of Palk Strait and waters east of
4.55 Karaitivu (9°44'N., 79°53'E.), off the NW end of the Jaffna
4.57

Sri Lanka from any unauthorized vessels due to acts of terror- Peninsula, has a sandhill, 6.1m high, on the NE point of the is-
ism. Sri Lanka requires all vessels in this vicinity contact the land; the sand hill has some palms on it and is conspicuous
Sri Lankan Command by telephone (941-42-3019) or by fac- from NW. A light is shown from a white masonry tower, 29.5m
simile (941-43-3986) if they wish to enter this area. high, on Kovilan Point, the NW extremity of Karaitivu.
A flat, with depths of less than 5.5m, fronts the W side of
4.57

Palk Strait—South Side (Sri Lanka) Karaitivu, extending up to 3 miles offshore. Several shoals,
with depths of 3.7 to 5.5m, lie N and NW of this flat, and with
4.56 The S shore of Palk Strait is formed by the N coast of Kovilan Point bearing between 125° and 075°; the outermost
the Jaffna Peninsula, which extends about 21 miles WSW from of these shoals, with a least depth of 4.1m, lies about 5.8 miles
Point Pedro (9°50'N., 80°15'E.). This coast is generally low WNW of Kovilan Point.
and sandy, with some cliffs and sandhills visible from seaward.
It is backed by salt water lagoons and stony [Link] Jaffna Palk Strait—North Side (India)
Peninsula is most fertile, being irrigated from numerous wells.
The coast from Point Pedro to Palmyra Point, the N extremity
4.56 4.58 The N shore of Palk Strait consists of the low-lying
of Sri Lanka, then to Tondaimanar, 4.5 miles farther WSW, is coast between Point Calimere (10°17'N., 79°52'E.) and a low
lined with palmyra and coconut palms from 21 to 27m high, and point, about 39 miles WSW, which projects from the coast
fringed by a narrow reef extending up to 183m offshore. Ton- close S of the entrance to the Vellar River.
daimanar is marked by a cliff, 7.6m high; the lagoon entrance A drying sand bank, inside of which local craft find shelter
4.58

close W serves as a leading mark for East Channel. in bad weather, extends about 1.5 miles NE of the point.
Between Tondaimanar and Kankesanturai, about 5.5 miles
4.56 Between Point Calimere and Atirampattinam, about 29 miles
4.58

W, the coast is stony, lined with tall palms, and fringed with a W, the coast consists of mud flats, covered with mangrove
reef. Vessels should not approach within 0.5 mile of this coast. bushes, and flooded during heavy rains and high spring tides.
Atirampattinam (Adirampatnam) is a port of refuge for local
4.58

4.57 Kankesanturai (9°49'N., 80°03'E.) (World Port Index craft between May and September. It has a considerable local
No. 49300) is the chief port of call on the N coast of Sri Lanka, trade, principally with Sri Lanka.
for vessels during the Southwest Monsoon. It has considerable Shaullavanaigenpatam Column, about 6 miles SW of Ati-
4.58

trade with ports in S India, and there is a custom house. rampattinam, is conspicuous and visible 15 miles.
There are two stone bastions on the beach and a small pier. A
4.57 Anchorage may be obtained, in about 5.8m, soft mud, with
4.58

light is shown from a round masonry tower, 22.3m high, near the white tall mast at Atirampattinam bearing 000°, about 4.5
the W bastion. miles, and with Shaullavanaigenpatam Column bearing 281°.
Cargo boats, which may be used as lighters, anchor off the
4.57 Smaller vessels may anchor closer to the town. With S or SE
beach during good weather; lighterage operations are only con- winds, a heavy swell sets on this coast making the anchorage
ducted from March to October during the Southwest Monsoon. unsafe, but during the Northeast Monsoon it is considered
A chimney, about 61m high, of the cement works, is conspicu-
4.57 good.
ous about 1 mile WSW of Kankesanturai. There are two radio A spit of hard sand, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends
4.58

masts at Jaffna Airport, about 2.5 miles ESE of the port. 13 miles ESE from the low point close S of the entrance to the
A breakwater extends about 0.5 mile NW from the shore 0.5
4.57 Vellar River. A detached 5.5m patch lies about 1 mile SE of the
mile W of Western Bastion. A spur extends 0.2 mile W from outer end of the spit.
the breakwater near its NW end; a quay for vessels discharging A heavy swell generally runs over the spit and it should not
4.58

coal and gypsum for the cement works was under construction be approached from the E within a depth of 11m.
in 1983 on the S side of the spur. Large vessels should use Pedro Channel and West Channel.
4.58

There is a berth for coastal vessels drawing up to 4.2m on the

4.57 The least depth in the fairway of West Channel is 10.1m.
SW side of the breakwater near its root. Vessels intending to enter through South Channel should
4.58

Vessels of 20,000 dwt, with a draft of 7.3m, berth between

4.57 make for a position about 12.5 miles N of Tondaimanar

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 139

(9°49'N., 80°08'E.); when the lagoon entrance close W of the lanai, near the middle of the S side the channel separating Vela-
village can be distinguished, it should be steered for bearing nai and Karaitivu. The port is open throughout the year, but is
185° until depths increase to 11m. Then alter course W towards most frequented during the Southwest Monsoon.
the entrance to West Channel, keeping in depths of 11 to Hammenhiel Fort, the quarantine station, lies about 0.3 mile
4.60

12.8m. SW of the SW extremity of Karaitivu. A light is shown from a

At the E entrance to West Channel, with Kovilan Light bear-
4.58 structure on the fort.
ing about 158° and the obelisk on the N end of Analaitivu Anchorage may be obtained, in 7.3m, sand, with the N point
4.60

(9°41'N., 79°47'E.) bearing about 207°, a course of 281° of Eluvaitivu bearing 135°, distant 1 mile. Small local vessels
should be made good through West Channel, exercising great anchor, in about 3.7 to 5.5m, from 1.5 to 3 miles NW of Fort
care, by keeping in the middle of the fairway to avoid the bank Hammenhiel, and discharge part of their cargo before entering
off Matakal and the shoals extending NW of Karaitivu. port.
Vessels intending to enter Palk Strait through North Channel
4.58

should sound continuously, and if coming from the SE, should 4.61 Delft Island (9°31'N., 79°41'E.) is separated from
not get into depths of less than 14.6m until Point Calimere can Nayinativu by Delft Channel. Tall palm trees are on the W and
be distinguished. NE parts of the island, while the S part is grassland, divided by
Caution.—Many fish traps are laid off the N coast of Sri
4.58 loose stone walls, with trees about 6.1m high. When seen from
Lanka and constitute a danger to powered vessels, especially at some distance N, the island appears as two islands, due to a
night, due to the large blocks of wood and strong moorings at- shallow salt water lake which occupies the middle of the is-
tached to them. land.
A white iron framework beacon, 16.1m high and surmounted
4.61

Palk Bay by a white disc, marks the NW extremity of Delft Island. A

beacon, consisting of a white brick tower with an elevation of
4.59 Palk Bay (9°30'N., 79°30'E.), the continuation S of 14.6m, marks the SE extremity of the island.
Palk Strait, is bounded on the E by the coast of Sri Lanka, on Temporary anchorage, during strong NE winds, may be ob-
4.61

the S by Mannar Island, Adam’s Bridge, and Pamban Island, tained off the W side of Delft Island, with the S end of the high
and on the W by the coast of India. palms bearing 067°.
The bay has general depths of 11 to 12.8m, but on its E side
4.59 The fairway of Delft Channel has a least depth of 9.1m over
4.61

depths of 9.1m and less extend up to 15 miles from the coast of a width of about 1.5 miles between the 10m curve lines off
Sri Lanka, and within it are several islands, rocks, and shoals. Nayinativu and the NE extremity of Delft Island; a depth of
On the S side of the bay depths of less than 9.1m extend up to 7 9.1m can be carried over the N end of the shoal bank which ex-
miles from the coast. The NW part of the bay has not been ful- tends NNE from Delft Island.
ly surveyed. Neduntivu Shoal, with a least depth of 3.7m, lies on the W
4.61

Caution.—Dangerous wrecks and other hazards to naviga-

4.59 side of the channel, and extends from 0.5 mile to 2.5 miles
tion in Palk Strait are best seen on the chart. NNW from the NE extremity of Delft Island.
It is reported (2019) that depths less than charted exist in the
4.59 On the E side of the channel, a narrow detached shoal ridge
4.61

vicinity of Pambam Island. of sand and coral, with depths of 4.9 to 5.5m, lies about 0.6
mile off and nearly parallel with the W side of Nayinativu.
Palk Bay—East Side (Sri Lanka) Kakerativu, about 9.8 miles ESE of Delft Island, is a sandy
4.61

islet, 4.6m high and covered with scrub. A conspicuous white

4.60 A flat, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 10 framework beacon, 16.1m high and surmounted by a white
miles W of the W end of Jaffna Peninsula; several islands and disc, stands on the SW side of the island.
shoals lie on this flat, and enclose a large basin with depths of Palaitivu, 8 miles ENE of Kakerativu, is mostly covered with
4.61

2.3 to 3.2m. coarse grass and scrub, up to 6.1m high. A white tower, 7.6m
Karaitivu (9°44'N., 79°53'E.), the northernmost of the is-
4.60 high, stands near the NE end of the island.
lands, was previously described in paragraph 4.57. A rocky shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m, lies about 4 miles
4.61

Eluvaitivu, about 2.5 miles WSW of the S end of Karaitivu,

4.60 NW of Palaitivu.
is low and covered with tall trees. Jaffna Lagoon, a large, shallow expanse of water, is entered
4.61

Analaitivu, about 1.5 miles SW of Eluvaitivu, is covered

4.60 between Kalmunai Point (9°36'N., 80°03'E.) and Mandaitivu,
with tall trees; a white obelisk, 26.8m high, is conspicuous at about 3 miles W. A white tower, 7.6m high, stands on Kalmu-
its N end. nai Point.
Nayinativu, 1.5 miles S of Analaitivu, also has tall trees on
4.60 A light is shown from Jaffna Obelisk, a white concrete tower
4.61

it; there is a conspicuous small temple, with a red roof, near the about 2 miles NW of Kalmunai Point.
SW end of the island. Jaffna (9°39'N., 80°01'E.), the principal town of the Jaffna
4.61

Punkudutivu, separated from Nayinativu by a channel about

4.60 Peninsula, lies on the N shore of Jaffna Lagoon, about 4 miles
1 mile wide, is planted with some coconut palms. NW of Kalmunai Point.
Velanai, NE of Punkudutivu, is the largest island of the
4.60 A radio mast, 21.3m high and marked by a red obstruction
4.61

group. Mandaitivu, separated from Velanai by a narrow chan- light, stands in Jaffna, about 2.3 miles NW of Jaffna Obelisk.
nel, is marshy in its N end, but there are some coconut palms The Northeast Monsoon prevails at Jaffna from the end of
4.61

on its S end. November to February; the Southwest Monsoon blows from

Kayts (9°42'N., 79°51'E.) is a small port on the N end of Ve-
4.60 the middle of May to October. The prevailing winds are SE

Pub. 173
140 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

during March and the first half of April. Outer Fairway Buoy, painted in black and white checkers, is
4.63

Iranaitivu North (9°17'N., 79°59'E.) and Iranaitivu South

4.61 moored in the N approach to Pamban Pass, about 0.3 mile NW
are two low, coral islands, separated by a canoe passage. Ira- of Kanthe Thuki Reef, and about 0.7 mile WNW of Pamban Is-
naitivu North, the W island, has a village lying among palms in land Light.
its N part; a tower, with an elevation of 16.1m, stands near the Anchorage may be obtained, in 6.7m, mud, good holding
4.63

NE end of the island. ground, with Pamban Island Light bearing between 122° and
134°, distant 1 mile.
Palk Bay—South Side Good anchorage may be obtained, in 10m, mud, with Pam-
4.63

ban Island Light bearing 135°, distant about 3.3 miles.

4.62 Talaimannar (9°06'N., 79°43'E.), near the W end of Pamban Pass was previously described in paragraph 4.10.
4.63

Mannar Island, is connected to the railway system of Sri Lan- The channel N of the rolling lift bridge over Pamban Pass is
ka. A pier extends about 264m N of the coast at Talaimannar; marked by buoys and beacons.
the pier support a double railway track, and has depths of 3m at
its head. There is regular ferry service between Talaimannar The coast from Ramen Point (9°17'N., 79°11'E.) to
4.63

and Dhanushkodi, about 19 miles WNW. Devipattanam, about 21 miles NW, is generally low and level.
Mannar Island Light is shown from a conspicuous white
4.62
Kathu Vallimuni Reef, consisting of scattered coral heads,
4.63

concrete tower at the root of the pier. extends up to 0.5 mile offshore, and lies parallel with the coast
Pamban Island and Adam’s Bridge have been previously de-
4.62
for about 1.8 miles W of Ramen Point. There are several heads,
scribed in paragraph 4.11; Mannar Island has been previously which dry 0.6m, at the E end of the reef.
described in paragraph 4.12. Vella Pertumuni Reef extends about 3 miles W of Kathu Val-
4.63

Dhanushkodi (9°11'N., 79°25'E.), about 2 miles NW of

4.62
limuni Reef, from which it is separated by a boat channel.
Lands End, is connected to the railway system of India. A pier, A water tower, 17.7m high, consisting of a red square tank
4.63

for use by vessels of the ferry service between Dhanushkodi on a framework structure, is conspicuous about 3 miles W of
and Talaimannar, extends from the NE coast of Pamban Island Ramen Point.
abreast the town. The pier is 219m long, with depths of 3.4m The town of Attangarai lies on the NW side of the entrance
4.63

on each side of the pier head; the pier carries a double railway of a river, about midway along this stretch of coast. A detached
track. 6.9m patch lies about 7.5 miles NE of the river entrance.
Kachchaitivu (9°23'N., 79°25'E.), about 10 miles SW of
4.62

Delft Island, is 12m high and covered with scrub. There is a Palk Bay—West Side (India)
well and a small shrine on the NE side of the island. Depths of
less than 9.1m extend 1 mile SE of the island. 4.64 The W shore of Palk Bay between the low point S of
Depths of less than 5.5m extend about 2.5 mile NE from the
4.62 the Vellar River (10°04'N., 79°14'E.) and Devipattanam, about
broad peninsula extending N from Pamban Island. 40 miles SW, is generally low and level. Depths of 5.5m and
less extend from 3 to 5 miles off this coast.
4.63 Pamban (9°17'N., 79°13'E.) (World Port Index No. A water tower, 17.7m high, consisting of a red square tank
4.64

49330), administered by a conservator, lies close N of the W on a framework structure, is conspicuous about 3 miles W of
extremity of Pamban Island. Cargo is handled by lighters to Ramen Point.
and from the beach. A light is shown from a tower, 45m high, close S of Amma-
4.64

South and SW winds prevail from April to October. Pamban

4.63 pattinam.
Light is shown from a conspicuous white tower on a sandhill Tondi (9°45'N., 79°01'E.), about 5 miles farther SW, is a
4.64

on the NW point of Pamban Island. NE Beacon, 5.5m high and small port for local coasting craft. Two white masonry bea-
white, lies close N of the light. cons, 4.5m high, mark the port limits. A light stands about 4.5
Kanthe Thuki Reef, composed of partly drying coral heads,
4.63 miles NE of Tondi.
lies between 0.3 and 0.5 mile W of Pamban Island Light. A Anchorage may obtained, in 6m, mud, about 5 miles ESE of
4.64

boat channel between this reef and the coast is used by pilots Tondi, but this position is exposed to all but offshore winds.
when boarding vessels during the Northeast Monsoon. Small vessels anchor nearer the town, in about 4.9m, stiff mud.

Pub. 173
 141
5.
Sector 5—The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

5.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 5 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 143

SECTOR 5
THE LACCADIVE ISLANDS AND THE MALDIVE ISLANDS

Plan.—This sector describes the islands, atolls, and reefs

5.0 Cherbaniani Reef to NNE by a channel about 17 miles wide,
which make up the Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands. very deep, and free from dangers.
The arrangement of the sector is from N to S. 5.2Byramgore Reef is below-water, except for its SE point,
which dries. Shoal depths lie all around this reef, but the shoal
The Laccadive Islands area on the N side, with depths of 7.3 to 14.6m, is about 2
miles wide and is indicated by overfalls. This N shoal area
5.1 The Laccadive Islands (10°00'N., 72°30'E.), mean- should be avoided as it may be shallower and is encumbered
ing the hundred thousand islands, consist of a group of coral with coral reefs which can be plainly seen by a vessel passing
atolls lying between 115 and 215 miles off the SW coast of In- over them. The coral rocks forming the reef are discernible at
dia; several detached shoals and banks lie off the islands. LW.
5.1The islands are divided into two groups, N and S, separated 5.2Bitra Par, about 24 miles SE of Byramgore Reef, is an atoll
approximately by the parallel of 11°N. The N group, known as which encloses a lagoon. The barrier reef, which dries from 0.3
the Amindivi Islands, consists of Chetlat, Bitra, Kiltan, Kad- to 0.9m, is narrow on its W and N sides, but it increases in
mat (Cardamum), and Amini. The S group, known as the Can- width on its E and S sides. A light is shown from a white
nanore Islands, consists of Agatti, Androth, Pitti (Pitti Islet), framework tower on Bitra Par.
Kavaratti, Suheli Par, and Kalpeni, on the N side of Nine De-
gree Channel, and Minicoy (8°18'N., 73°02'E.), on the S side 5.3 Tree Islet (11°36'N., 72°11'E.), at the N end of the
of Nine Degree Channel. Minicoy lies about 110 miles S of atoll, is about 0.5 mile long in a NW-SE direction and about
other islands of the S group and is of special importance due to 183m wide.
its location in the principal navigational route of the Indian 5.3An opening in the reef, close S of Tree Islet, has a depth of
Ocean. 2.7m; boats can enter the lagoon through this opening. Depths
5.1Each of these islands lies on extensive coral shoals and no within the lagoon are from 5.5 to 7.3m, but it is encumbered
parts of these formations are more than about 4m high. The with coral reefs, drying and awash, especially toward the S
outer edges, which generally enclose a regularly formed la- end.
goon, are higher than the body of these shoals; the lagoons re- 5.3Anchorage can be taken, in 19.2m, abreast the opening S of
main calm in the worst weather. The receding tide leaves the Tree Islet, with the NE extremity of the islet bearing 335°, dis-
outer edges of the reef nearly dry and the tide runs out of the tant about 0.6 mile. A vessel reported this anchorage was un-
lagoon through breaks in the edges, which are large enough to safe for a vessel 91.5m in length, and that there was no safe
admit light craft into the natural harbor. anchorage off Bitra.
5.1Due to the great depths in the vicinity of the islands sound- 5.3Tidal currents at springs set strongly in and out of the la-
ings give no warning of their proximity, and great caution goon; care is necessary when making the anchorage.
should be taken in thick weather. 5.3Chetlat Island (11°41'N., 72°42'E.), about 31 miles ENE of
5.1As these islets and islands are low, with coconut trees only Bitra, is wooded and inhabited. There is a jetty on the NW side
18 to 24m high and not discernible for any great distance, they of the island. A coral reef stretches around the S and W sides of
should be avoided. There are, however, some wide and deep the island, extending about 0.5 mile from its W side. Shoal wa-
channels between them. ter extends about 0.2 mile N and 0.6 mile WNW from the N
5.1Caution.—Fish aggregating devices, marked by yellow end of the island, about 0.4 mile W from the coral reef, and
lights, are located throughout the islands. Mariners should keep about 0.4 mile SSW from the S extremity of the island.
at least 500m off these devices. 5.3Anchorage can be obtained, in good weather, on the shoal ar-
eas extending N from the N end and SSW from the S end of the
The Laccadive Islands—North Group island.
5.3During the Northeast Monsoon, the best anchorage, in 11 to
5.2 Cherbaniani Reef (12°20'N., 71°55'E.) is the north- 18.3m, lies about 0.4 mile offshore, with the SW end of the
ernmost dangerous reef of the Laccadive Islands. A sand cay, barrier reef bearing about 338°, and with the SW and SE points
with an islet and some sand banks on its N and E sides, lies at of Chetlat Island bearing 011° and 045°, respectively.
the S end of the reef, but the greater part of the reef is only vis- 5.3When landing on the island, it is advisable to use a local
ible towards LW. Some boat passages apparently lead into the boat. The best landing place is on the S side of the island, near
lagoon. the SE point, where there is a depth of 2.1m at HW and 1.2m at
The NW, N, and E sides of Cherbaniani Reef are steep-to,
5.2 LW.
but a bank extends about 1 mile offshore from its W and S
sides. Kiltan Island
Anchorage may be obtained, in 16.5 to 18.3m, on this bank
5.2

during the Northeast Monsoon. 5.4 Kiltan Island (11°29'N., 73°00'E.), about 20 miles
Byramgore Reef (11°55'N., 71°45'E.) is separated from
5.2 ESE of Chetlat Island, is covered with coconut palms, about

Pub. 173
144 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

27m high, A reef fringes the W side of the island extending marked on each side by a stone post; one passage is at the N
about 0.4 mile W; shoal water extends about 0.2 mile farther end of the atoll and the other 3 miles SSW of the N end.
W. Kiltan Island was reported to be a good radar target at 13 Anchorage in good weather can be obtained off the reef S of
5.6

miles. Kadmat, in depths of 8m to 20m, and from 0.2 to 0.5 mile from
5.4Rocks and foul ground border the rest of the island; shoal the reef.
water extends about 0.3 mile from the N end and about 0.2 Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in 31m, near
5.6

mile from the S end of the island. the boat passage, and about 0.2 mile from the reef.
5.4Kiltan North Light is shown from a white, round concrete
tower at the NW corner of the island. Kiltan South Light is 5.7 Amini Island (Ameni Island) (11°07'N., 72°44'E.),
shown from a round stone tower, painted in red and white the most important of the Amindivi Islands, is fringed by a reef
checkers, situated at the S end of the island. from about 0.2 to 0.4 mile wide. The island has a post office
5.4Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained off Kiltan Island and a hospital. The channel between Amini Island and Kadmat
in fair weather. The best position, in about 9.1m, lies with the Island is safe and deep, but depths of less than 10m project 0.5
light structure bearing 129°, distant about 0.6 mile. During S mile S from the S tip of the reefs surrounding Kadmat Island.
winds, vessels should anchor a little closer inshore. 5.7Amini Island Light is shown on the S point of the island.
5.4Anchorage can also be obtained off the S end of the island, 5.7The village is in the middle of the W side of the Island. A
in 9.1 to 11m, about 0.4 mile offshore, if the swell is not heavy. raised stone platform, with steps leading to the beach, is in
5.4A boat passage leads through the N end of the reef to a shal- front of the village. A stone pillar lies behind the platform.
low lagoon where there is a jetty on the W side of the island; a Fronting the platform is a narrow passage across the reef which
gap in the reef, about 0.6 mile S, is sometimes smoother. Each should be navigated with caution; boats approach the steps
gap is marked by buoys. through a channel marked by pillars.
5.4In calm weather, there is a good landing at the middle of the 5.7Anchorage can be obtained off the W side of Amini, in
E side of the island, where a steep-to sandy beach breaks the depths of 7 to 15m; outside the 20m depth contour, depths in-
fringing foul ground. crease rapidly. The recommended anchorage is with the S point
of the island bearing 137°, distant 1.1 miles, in a depth of about
5.5 Basses de Pedro (13°05'N., 72°25'E.), the S end of 15m. In 1948, a vessel approached its anchorage, with the steps
which lies about 63 miles NNW of Kiltan Island, has depths of in front of the village bearing 107°, and anchored on that bear-
16.4 to 73m. The bank is large, steep-to, and composed of ing, in a depth of 9.1m, about 0.5 mile from the beach.
sand, shells, and decayed coral; the water on the bank is not 5.7Peremul Par, about 37 miles W of Amini Island, is a narrow
discolored. In 1974, the bank was reported to lie from 4 to 5 drying reef enclosing a lagoon; at HW, with a smooth sea,
miles SE of its charted position. much of the reef does not break, making the edge of the reef
5.5Sesostris Bank (13°08'N., 72°00'E.), about 11 miles W of difficult to distinguish.
Basses de Pedro, has depths of 20m to 77m and is steep-to. 5.7Inside the reef, a shoal, with depths of less than 1.8m, ex-
5.5Cora Divh, with its SW point about 21 miles NNE of Sesos- tends about 0.8 mile from its SW and N sides towards the mid-
tris Bank, has depths of 27.4 to 55m, sand, decayed coral, and dle of the island. The remainder of the lagoon is encumbered
broken shells. with drying coral reefs, with depths of 1.8 to 11m between
5.5Elikalpeni Bank (11°15'N., 74°03'E.), about 60 miles ESE them.
of Kiltan Island, is about 4 miles in extent, with general depths 5.7Several good boat entrances are on the E side of the island;
of 12.8 to 16.5m and a least depth of 10.4m near its SE edge. two boat entrances are on the W side of the island.
5.5Depths from 18.3 to 29m, some unexamined, lie between 16 5.7Anchorage can be obtained, in 18.3m, about 0.3 mile off-
and 21 miles ENE of Elikalpeni Bank, and a depth of 20.1m, shore, abreast the boat entrances on the SW side of Peremul
existence doubtful, was reported (1964) to lie 20 miles E of the Par; local knowledge is necessary. Anchorage can also be ob-
bank. Depths of 49m (in 1949) and 35m (in 1971) were report- tained, in 18.3 to 22m, off the NE side of the reef, with the sand
ed about 5 miles NNW and 47 miles N, respectively, of cay bearing 213°, distant about 0.5 mile.
Elikalpeni Bank. These areas should be avoided, particularly
when the Southwest Monsoon is strong enough to raise a con- The Laccadive Islands—South Group
siderable sea.
5.8 Androth Island (10°49'N., 73°41'E.), the most fertile
Kadmat Island and Amini Island of the Laccadive Islands, is densely planted with coconut
palms. It is the residence of the Tehsilder, who administers the
5.6 Kadmat Island (Cardamum Island), about 18 miles Laccadive Islands. The village lies about 1 mile from the W
SW of Kiltan Island, forms the E side of a coral atoll. The ends end of the island. There is a small hospital and a leper colony
of the island are covered with a low growth of scrub. There is a on the island.
village in the middle of the island. 5.8A light, with a racon, is shown from a white, square masonry
The drying coral reef, which encloses a shallow lagoon, ex-
5.6 structure, 33m high with black bands, on the E point of the is-
tends nearly parallel with the island, about 0.8 mile from its W land, and a light is shown from a white concrete tower, 10m
side, and surrounds both the N and S ends of the island. It ex- high, on the NW corner of the island. A depth of 12.5m is lo-
tends about 0.3 mile N of the N end of the island, and about 0.8 cated about 6 miles ENE of Androth.
miles S of the S end of the island. 5.8The island is surrounded by a coral reef, through which there
There are two narrow boat passages through the reef, both
5.6 is a small channel for boats on the N side. The S side of this

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 145

reef is steep-to, but from the N side a coral bank projects about trance to the reef surrounding Agatti Island, but it is not recom-
6 miles N, and has a greatest width of about 10 miles, with mended.
depths from 10.4 to 31m. Shoals, with depths of 5m and 5.9m, 5.9Good anchorage can be taken, in depths of 10m to 15m, in an
lie about 0.6 mile SSW and 0.4 mile W, respectively, of the area 2 miles wide between the N end of Agatti Island and the
NW end of the island. Several isolated shoals, with depths of reef encircling Bingaram; this area is apparently free from dan-
10.5 and 11m, lie up to 1.1 miles N of the N coast of the island. gers, but ships should proceed with caution. The recommended
5.8Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of anchorage is with the NE extremity of Agatti Island bearing
about 10m, sand and coral, anywhere off the N side of the is- 215°, distant 1.5 miles, in a depth of 13.7m, coral.
land, about 0.5 mile offshore; local knowledge is necessary. 5.9On the W side of the atoll, near its N end, there is an en-
5.8Good anchorage can be obtained, in 9.1m, coarse sand and trance to the lagoon about 0.8 mile wide. Good anchorage can
broken shells, about 0.7 mile N of a flagstaff on the shore close be obtained W of this entrance, in 10m, coral, with the N point
N of a red-roofed mosque at the W end of the village. of Bingaram Islet bearing 078°, distant 3.5 miles.
5.8Anchorage can also be obtained, in 16.5 to 18.3m, off the E
end of the island where the bottom appears to be smoother, but 5.10 Kavaratti Island (10°34'N., 72°39'E.), about 61
local knowledge is necessary. miles WSW of Androth Island, is low and was densely covered
5.8During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels can anchor, in 18.3 with palms, about 28m high, in 1964. The N part of the island
to 22m, about 0.5 mile offshore on the SW coast of the island, is more heavily populated; the Administrator for the Laccadive
but there is little shelter. Islands resides on the island. Kavaratti Island Light, a round
5.8Caution.—Elikalpeni Bank, with a least depth of 10.4m, lies white concrete tower with black bands and a racon, is situated
about 33 miles NE of Androth Island. Other unexamined on the SE point of the island.
depths of as little as 18.3m lie about 20 miles ENE of Elikalpe- On the NW side of the island, a reef lies about 0.6 mile off-
5.10

ni Bank. shore, nearly parallel to the beach, and encloses a shallow la-
goon. The reef, steep-to except at its S end, has depths of 183m
5.9 Pitti Island (Pitti Islet) (10°46'N., 72°33'E.), about 66 within 0.2 mile of its edge. There is a boat entrance at the N
miles W of Androth Island, is a low islet. The N and NE sides end of the lagoon, with a least depth of 0.9m. Within the en-
are sandy. A black rock is on the E side and there were several trance, seasonal lighted beacons mark the channel between the
stone cairns, about 6.1m high, on the islet. reef and shoal water fringing the island.
5.9Piti Sand Bank, a bank of sand, with charted depths of 10 to Two jetties are situated on the N part of the NW side of the
5.10

37m, extends about 3 miles S and 24 miles NNE from the islet. island.
The bank has not been fully examined and depths may be less Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents near Kavaratti Island
5.10

than charted. were observed, in October, to set SE with the flood and NW
5.9Agatti Island (10°51'N., 72°12'E.), about 21 miles W of Pit- with the ebb, at a velocity of 0.5 to 1 knot.
ti Island, lies towards the S end of an unnamed atoll, with Kal- Anchorage.—Anchorage, during the Northeast Monsoon
5.10

puthi Island close SSW. A clump of palm lies about 1 mile and in fair weather, can be obtained, in 7.3 to 12.8m, sand and
from the S end of Agatti Island. A light is occasionally shown coral, on a shoal about 0.7 mile wide, which extends about 0.7
from the N end of Agatti Island. mile S from the island.
5.9The coral reef surrounding Agatti Island and Kalputhi Island
extends about 2 miles offshore on the W side and encloses a 5.11 Suheli Par (10°05'N., 72°16'E.), the SW atoll of the
shallow lagoon; boats may enter the lagoon through a passage Laccadive Islands, consists of a drying barrier reef enclosing a
with the clump of palms on Agatti Island bearing 142°. Land- lagoon. Valiyakara Islet (North Island) and Cheriyakara Islet
ing is on the NW side of Agatti Island on a steep-to beach. (South Island), both uninhabited, lie in the lagoon. The reef
5.9Depths of less than 10m extend 0.5 mile S of Kalputhi Island was reported to extend 2 miles SW in 1980.
and the same distance N of the N end of Agatti Island. Suheli Par Light is shown from a white metal column, with
5.11

5.9Bingaram Island lies in the N part of the atoll, 6 miles NE of red bands, on the SE end of South Islet. A light is shown from a
the N point of Agatti Island; it is 0.7 mile long in a N-S direc- white, wooden framework tower on North Islet.
tion and 0.5 mile wide at its widest part. It was reported in 1980 and in 1982, that the reef extended 3
5.11

5.9Tinnakara Islet, 1 mile long, lies 1.5 miles ENE of Binga- to 3.5 miles SW from the light.
ram. These two islets are nearly encircled by a steep-to reef Good radar returns have been reported from Suheli Par at 16
5.11

which, from a position 2.5 miles NW of Bingaram, trends ESE miles.

for 4.5 miles, then SW for 3 miles, and then W for 3.5 miles, Two openings are on the NW side of the barrier reef, which
5.11

lying about 1 mile N and S of Bingaram. The Parali Islets, are navigable by small vessels with a draft not exceeding 1.8m,
three small sand cays, lie on the NE corner of the reef and are but local knowledge is necessary.
almost connected to the E end of Tinnakara, which lies about Good anchorage was found (1948), in 12m, sand, with the N
5.11

0.3 mile within the E side of the reef. end of North Islet bearing 163° and the S end of South Islet
5.9Landing can be effected on Bingaram and Tinnakara, but bearing 201°. In 1979, it was reported that the reef projected 4
both are uninhabited and have no good water. The area be- miles WSW from the light.
tween the W extremities of the encircling reef is shallow, with
numerous coral heads with depths of less than 1m; much of the 5.12 Kalpeni (10°06'N., 73°39'E.), the SE atoll of the Lac-
lagoon within the reef dries. cadive Islands, lies about 39 miles S of Androth Island. It con-
5.9Anchorage can be taken, in 18.3 to 22m, coral, off the en- sists of two narrow, low islands lying on the E side of a reef

Pub. 173
146 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

which encloses a lagoon. der power in fairly calm water close offshore E of the island
Kalpeni Island, the S and larger island, was densely planted
5.12 during the Southwest Monsoon.
with coconut palms, about 30m, high in 1967. A steep-to bank, Caution.—Minicoy Island should be approached from the S,
5.13

with depths between 10 and 20m, extends about 0.4 mile S passing about 4 miles S of the light structure. In bad weather,
from the S end of the island. Kalpeni Light is shown from a landfall in morning twilight is considered safe.
round stone tower, 40m high, lying 1.8 miles N of the S ex- Vessels have been wrecked on Minicoy Island due apparently
5.13

tremity of Kalpeni Island. A bungalow and a mosque, 3m high, to shaping a course to pass a few miles N of Minicoy Island
are reported to stand nearby. Light (in some cases after sighting the light from E), instead of
Cheriyam Island, the N island, is also covered in palm trees.
5.12 passing S of it where the light is a useful guide.
The barrier reef is steep-to and the sea breaks heavily on it.
5.12 The practice of passing a few miles N of the island, especial-
5.13

A narrow boat channel leads through the reef into the lagoon. ly at night, is a dangerous one as the island is over 4 miles long
Landing can sometimes be made on the E side of Kalpeni Is- in N-S direction, and unpredictable strong S sets are encoun-
land. tered at times.
Good radar returns have been reported from Kalpeni Island
5.12

at 20 miles. Nine Degree Channel

Anchorage.—A vessel anchored (1950) in 12.8m, coral,
5.12

sand, and rock, about 0.4 mile offshore, off the S side of Kalpe- 5.14 Nine Degree Channel (9°00'N., 73°00'E.) separates
ni Island. Anchorage has been reported 0.7 mile N of Cheriyam Minicoy Island and Connanore Islands. The channel is 100
Island, in 9m, sand and coral. miles wide, very deep, and marked by a TSS (not IMO-adopt-
ed). It is free from known dangers.
Minicoy Island For passage through this channel the chart is sufficient guide.
5.14

The Indian Government advises that the principles for the use
5.13 Minicoy Island (8°17'N., 73°03'E.), forming the SE of the routing system defined in Rule 10 of the International
side of an atoll, is included with the Laccadive Islands for ad- Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972) apply.
ministration, although it lies about 110 miles SSW from the Investigator Bank (8°32'N., 73°17'E.) lies 17 miles NE of
5.14

nearest of these. The island lies about 70 miles N of Ihavand- Minicoy Island and has a least depth of 157m, with depths over
hippolhu Atoll, the N atoll of the Maldive Islands. 914m in the vicinity.
Kodi Point, at the NE extremity of the island, may be identi-
5.13

fied by a single conspicuous palm; a rock, 0.6m high, lies Eight Degree Channel
about 183m NE of the point, and the barrier reef extends about
183m farther NE. A shoal, with a depth of 6.1m, lies nearly 0.5 5.15 Eight Degree Channel (7°40'N., 73°00'E.), between
mile NE of Kodi Point. Erosion has separated Kodi Point from Minicoy Island and Ihavandhippolhu Atoll, about 70 miles S, is
Minicoy Island, forming an isolated islet. free from known dangers. It is recommended to keep nearer to
The town of Minicoy lies near the center of the island, about
5.13 Minicoy Island than to the Maldive Islands, as the current sets
2.5 miles SSW of Kodi Point. There is a dense cover of coconut S from the end of September to the end of the year, and there is
palms, about 18.9m high, on the E side of Minicoy Island. the added advantage of sighting Minicoy Island Light.
Roebera Point forms the SW extremity of Minicoy Island;
5.13 The currents in this channel are much the same as those in
5.15

Viringili Island (Small Pox Island) lies on the barrier reef about the N end of the Maldive Islands, but in the Northeast Mon-
0.5 mile NW of the point. soon they at times set NW; occasionally they set N with S
The W side of the barrier reef dries in places; it dries 0.6m
5.13 winds.
about 1.3 miles N of Viringili.
The lagoon is encumbered with numerous shoals and dan-
5.13
The Maldive Islands
gers, and the SW part dries. Saleh Magu Channel, at the NE
end of the atoll, is the principal opening into the lagoon, with 5.16 The Maldive Islands (3°30'N., 73°00'E.), a chain of
depths of 1.8 to 3.7m, but can only be used by small vessels atolls, extend from Turakuna (7°06'N., 72°54'E.), the N island
with local knowledge. of the Ihavandhippolhu Atoll to about 40 miles S of the Equa-
Minicoy Island Light, with a racon, is shown from a white
5.13 tor, along the meridian of 73°E.
tower on the SW end of the island, about 0.4 mile ESE of Roe- Much of the detailed information in this sector is very old, as
5.16

bera Point. The top of the light structure is obscured by trees on little recent information can be obtained from places so seldom
certain bearings and within distances of less than 6 miles. A visited. Dates of recent definite information have been includ-
conspicuous red and white pylon is reported to stand close SE ed in the text.
of the light. Between the different atolls of the Maldive Islands there are
5.16

Good radar returns have been reported from Minicoy Island

5.13 several good deep channels. Some of these are intricate and de-
at 18 miles. It was also reported that the shape of the island be- mand local knowledge; such channels should be avoided by
comes identifiable on radar at 15 miles. low-powered vessels as currents set strongly through them, set-
Local boats meet ships and may be summoned through the
5.13 ting E or W according to the season; marked variations in di-
lighthouse keeper who can communicate with vessels using the rection have been reported.
International Code of Signals. The coral islands on the atolls, although very low, may be de-
5.16

Anchorage.—The island offers no suitable anchorage, as the

5.13 tected by radar at ranges over 20 miles, while the arrangement of
bottom rises steeply toward the reef. Ships may drift safely un- individual islands may be obtained at about 15 miles, and the

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 147

breakers at the edges of reefs detected at about 2 miles. reef nearly 1 mile SE of the N end of the island. The reef on the
There are numerous deep openings through the barrier reefs,
5.16 inner side of the island is separated from the shore, forming a
which are difficult to identify beyond a distance of 3 or 4 miles, lagoon; there are two openings for fishing boats.
when the reefs appear as one continuous line. Within 1 or 2 Good radar returns have been reported from Uleguma at 15
5.18

miles, the openings will be distinctly seen when the sun is high miles.
and behind the observer. Muladu, about 5 miles SE of Uleguma, has a small village on
5.18

Extra care should be taken at periods of spring tides when

5.16 its W side. There is a boat passage, abreast the village, through
strong rips and eddies in the reef entrances make for difficulty the otherwise unbroken reef surrounding the island.
in seeing submerged hazards. Between Muladu and Uleguma lie three small thickly-wood-
5.18

By day and with the sun in a favorable position, even the less
5.16 ed uninhabited islets known from NW to SE, respectively, as
readily navigable channels can be negotiated without undue Murdu, Beramundu, and Gumati.
difficulty, as all the underwater dangers are generally visible The islet of Gallandu lies about 3.5 miles SSW of Muladu.
5.18

for some distance from the masthead. Sunken reefs lie about 1 and 2 miles, respectively, N of Gallan-
By night, a vessel should pass through only the four larger
5.16 du.
channels between the atolls, and even these should be avoided Digufuri Reef (Digfurhi Reef) (6°56'N., 72°57'E.), at the S
unless the vessel has an accurate fix before entering. end of Ihavandhippolhu Atoll, has an islet at its E end; a small
Within the atolls good anchorage can be obtained in very
5.16 sandbank, with palms on it, lies about 0.8 mile ENE of the is-
smooth water of moderate depth, with a coral and sand bottom. let.
On the inhabited islands, boat channels leading over the reefs
5.16 Ihavandu, one of the few islands within the lagoon, lies close
5.18

to the villages are marked by distinctive stakes. N of Digufuri Reef and about 3 miles W of Gallandu. The is-
land is densely populated, and there is a landing on the S side.
Ihavandhippolhu Atoll Hauwandu, about 0.8 mile W of Ihavandu, lies at the SE end
5.18

of a section of the barrier reef which extends about 9 miles

5.17 Ihavandhippolhu Atoll (7°02'N., 72°54'E.), the N NW, then 3 miles NE; of the eight islands and islets on this
atoll of the Maldive Islands, is administered with Thiladhun- stretch of reef, Umbala and Hatefuri were inhabited in 1970.
mathi Atoll, and consists of about 24 islands, most of which lie Umbala, with a large village, lies about 0.5 mile NNW of Hau-
on the circumference of the barrier reef. Seven of the islands wandu, and is the principal island of the atoll; its natural har-
were inhabited in 1970. bor, formed between the island and the seaward side of the
General depths of 37 to 55m are in the E half and 18.3 to
5.17 reef, provides good anchorage for numerous fishing craft.
37m in the W half of the lagoon. Numerous shoals are in the la- Hatefuri, about 4 miles farther NW, has a fishing village on its
goon, particularly in the W half. These shoals, with the sun NE side.
well up, can easily be seen as pale green against the dark deep- Matari, about 0.8 mile NW of Hatefuri, was used as a ceme-
5.18

er water; they are not readily seen if the sky is overcast. tery and had a flag staff and small temple on it; elsewhere it
The main occupations are fishing and the cultivation of coco-
5.17 was well-wooded.
nuts, most of the islands being heavily wooded with palms. The islet of Kandufuri (Kankolufuri) lies on the above
5.18

Tides—Currents.—Currents at Ihavandhippolhu Atoll are

5.17 stretch of reef, near the NW point of Ihavandhippolhu Atoll.
only experienced occasionally and are probably influenced en- Good radar returns have been reported from the islet at 15
tirely by local weather conditions. There appears to be no regu- miles.
lar tidal currents.
A current of 2 knots setting N was experienced (December,
5.17 5.19 Wagaru (7°06'N., 72°52'E.), near the N end of the
1933) about 50 miles E of the atoll, but practically no current atoll, about 4 miles ENE of Kandufuri, is low and well-wooded;
in this position was experienced about a month later. it is surrounded by a reef except on its SE side. North Rock, with
During December and January in the offing, the current gen-
5.17 a least depth of 5.2m, lies about 1 mile W of Wagaru.
erally sets N or W, but it is irregular. 5.19Anchorage.—The best anchorage, in 28 to 37m, sand and
A set to NW between Uleguma and Wagaru, and to W be-
5.17 coral, lies W of Uleguma.
tween Uleguma and Murdu, was sometimes observed (Decem- 5.19There is a good anchorage E of the reef between Hauwandu
ber, 1933 and January, 1934). The maximum velocity was and Umbala, in the SW part of the lagoon, in 33 to 37m. This is
about 1 knot. In the middle of the lagoon there was an occa- probably the best anchorage during the Southwest Monsoon,
sional set to NW. but a heavy swell might reach it through Southwestern En-
trance.
5.18 Turakuna (7°07'N., 72°54'E.), the N island of Iha- 5.19Good anchorage during the Northeast Monsoon may be ob-
vandhippolhu Atoll, was inhabited in 1970 with a small village tained, in 46 to 55m, W of Muladu and Gumati in the E part of
on its N side. On its S side, landing can be effected through a the lagoon.
gap in the encircling reef. 5.19Anchorages are also available S of Turakuna and Wagaru.
Good radar returns have been reported from Turakuna at 15
5.18 5.19Directions.—Vessels approaching from N enter through
miles. North Rock Passage, between Wagaru and North Rock, 1 mile
Uleguma, about 1.3 miles SE of Turakuna, is low, level, and
5.18 W; through North Western Entrance, between Wagaru and Tur-
thickly wooded. The village lies near the center of the island, akuna; or through Northern Entrance, between Turakuna and
surrounded by coconut palms and breadfruit trees. A narrow Uleguma.
reef fringes the seaward side of the island; a beacon lies on this 5.19North Rock Passage may be entered in depths of not less

Pub. 173
148 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

than 18.3m by keeping towards Wagaru; the other entrances W side of a detached reef with an unnamed lagoon reef close
have depths of not less than 20.1m in the fairway midway be- W.
tween the islands, but there are shallower depths close within An unnamed lagoon reef, the islet of Dedu, and Warifuri Fa-
5.22

the lagoon in the Northern Entrance. The edges of the reefs on ro lie about 2.5, 4, and 6 miles, respectively, NE of Gafuri.
each side of the passage can be seen from aloft at a good dis- Warifuri Faro is a large lagoon with the islet of Warifuri at its S
tance. end. A lighted beacon lies on the N side of Warifuri Faro. The
Vessels approaching from E use North Eastern Entrance be-
5.19 islets of Dedu and Warifuri are inhabited; the islet of Noradu
tween Uleguma and Murdu, about 1.8 miles SE, or East En- lies between the latter two islets.
trance between Muladu and Gallandu. North Eastern Entrance
has a least depth of 35m midway between the islands. 5.23 Kelai (6°58'N., 73°13'E.), at the NE extremity of the
In East Entrance, there is a shoal patch midway between the
5.19 atoll, was inhabited in 1970. Good radar returns have been re-
flanking islands and a second patch farther SSW. If using this ported from Kelai at 14 miles. The islet of Tinadu lies about 3
entrance, bring the NE end of Medufuri to bear 287° and enter miles WSW of Kelai.
the lagoon on this heading. When the S end of Muladu bears The island of Filadu has an opening between it and Kelai, 1.5
5.23

070°, steer for the N end of Hauwandu bearing 250°, and then miles N, and between it and Baura, 3 miles SSW, but the latter
to the anchorage off that island. is encumbered by several rocky patches in the fairway.
Caution.—Collingrufuri, Medufuri, and Manafur, three is-
5.19 The barrier reef extends from Baura to the island of Ma-
5.23

lands surrounded by rocky heads, foul ground, and shoal water, vaidu, about 20 miles SSW. From N to S, the islands of Hani-
lie about 3.3 and 3 miles N, and 2.3 miles NNE, respectively, madu, Noliwang Faro, Nuriwari, Kuludu Faro, and Komangdu
of Ihavandu. Two drying rocks lie on a rocky shoal close N of form the E side of the atoll, and have wide openings into the
Medufuri. atoll on each side of them. All the islands on this side of the
Endeavour Shoal, a large coral patch with a least depth of
5.19 atoll were inhabited in 1970, as well as ten others within the la-
6.1m, lies about 3.3 miles SSW of Uleguma. goon.
Ormonde Rock, with a least depth of 4.6m, lies about 2 miles
5.19 Kuludu Faro has a large village fronted by a sandy beach and
5.23

SW of Uleguma. lagoon, which is enclosed by a coral reef on its W side. The

In addition, there are numerous shoals and rocky patches in
5.19 boat channel to the small harbor (1942) was wider and deeper
the lagoon, particularly toward the NW and SW sides; under than those usually found in these islands.
suitable conditions all can be easily seen from aloft. Muradu (6°33'N., 72°54'E.) lies on a circular reef near the
5.23

W edge of the atoll; the latest maps prepared from aerial pho-
Gallandu Channel tography (1968) show that this island has joined the islet chart-
ed 0.8 mile W of it. Some rocky patches lie S and SE of
5.20 Gallandu Channel (6°54'N., 72°57'E.), between the S Muradu.
end of Ihavandhippolhu Atoll and the NW end of Thiladhunmathi Naguri, an island with a circular lagoon reef, lies about 7
5.23

Atoll, about 2.8 miles S, is very deep and free from dangers in the miles N of Muradu; two large reefs lie between these islands.
fairway. Passages on each side of the channel lead into the la- A lighted beacon lies at the NW point of a reef, about 3.3
5.23

goons, where anchorage may be obtained. miles NW of Muradu.

Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents set ENE through the
5.20 Nawadu, about 5 miles NNE of Naguri, was populated in
5.23

channel with the flood tide and WSW with the ebb. 1970.
There is an opening into the lagoon, about 4 miles wide, be-
5.23

Thiladhunmathi Atoll tween Rafuri, a small islet, 0.5 mile N of Nawadu, and Maduni
Faro, at the NW corner of the atoll.
5.21 Thiladhunmathi Atoll (6°45'N., 73°00'E.) consists
of about 40 islands and islets; most lie farther apart and are Miladummadulu Atoll
larger than those in the Maldives farther S. The islands in the
NE part of the atoll are the largest. 5.24 Miladummadulu Atoll (6°10'N., 73°08'E.) lies on
There are fewer islets but more reefs on the W side of the
5.21 the same submarine plateau as Thiladhunmathi Atoll and is the
atoll than on the E side. The passages through the barrier reef continuation S of it. The N boundary of this atoll approximate-
on the W side are navigable but should be avoided. Safe pas- ly follows the parallel of 6°29'N.
sages leading into the lagoon are on the E side of the atoll, but Miladummadulu Atoll contains about 100 islands and islets
5.24

the vessel must be conned from aloft. lying principally on the E side; over 40 of these were populated
Caution.—Aerial photographs show the shapes and size of
5.21 in 1970, and almost all are wooded, with palms predominating.
islands to differ substantially from surveys originally dated The lagoon can be navigated in daylight with ease as there
5.24

from 1940. In addition, some features charted as reefs are, in are few dangers, especially in the N part, but the vessel must be
some cases, dry at HW and wooded. conned from aloft. Depths in the lagoon are moderate; the bot-
tom is sand, with clay in places.
5.22 Maduni Faro (6°51'N., 72°57'E.), a lagoon reef, Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents at Miladummadulu Atoll
5.24

forms the NW extremity of the atoll. The islets of Marandu, set ENE with the flood and WSW with the ebb, attaining a ve-
Tukandu, and Miledu, the first two inhabited in 1970, lie, re- locity of 1.5 to 2 knots at springs. The tidal currents are greatly
spectively, on the barrier reef between the N end of Maduni Fa- influenced by the prevailing monsoon currents.
ro and the islet of Gafuri, about 5 miles ESE. Gafuri lies on the The island of Numara (6°26'N., 73°03'E.), with the islet of
5.24

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 149

Nu close NNW, lies at the NE corner of Miladummadulu Atoll. main village was in the center of each island. It was reported
A very wide opening into the lagoon lies between Numara
5.24 that landing can be made anywhere along the SE side of Kan-
and Fivaku, about 9 miles ESE. Fivaku was inhabited in 1970. dute, where the fringing reef has depths of 1.2 to 1.8m.
The barrier reef then extends about 13 miles SSE from Fi-
5.24

vaku to the S end of a detached reef on which lies the island of Makunudhoo Atoll
Farukolu, with Furnadu on the S part of the reef. The island of
Makandudu lies about 2 miles NW of the reef. The latter three 5.26 Makunudhoo Atoll (6°20'N., 72°36'E.), once known
islands were inhabited in 1970. The islands of Nalandu and as Malcom Atoll, is a large reef encircling a deep but reef-en-
Milandu lie farther N. There are deep wide openings into the cumbered lagoon, and is administered as part of Thiladhun-
lagoon between all these islands and also between Makandudu mathi Atoll; it is separated from the NW side of
and Farukolu. Miladummadulu Atoll by a deep channel, about 9 miles wide.
From the S end of Furnadu, the barrier reef extends about 8.5
5.24 Two openings on the E face of the lagoon can only be used by
miles S and 6 miles ESE to Kuludu (Kendikolu), the largest is- boats.
land of the atoll and inhabited in 1970. Many of the islets on 5.26Faro Doru (Defarudorhi), an islet on the E side of the atoll,
this stretch were inhabited in 1970. The passage into the la- about 6 miles SSW of Maamakunudhoo, was wooded in 1970.
goon S of Kuludu is wide and safe. The S and W sides of the atoll have only the surf and an islet at
Ma Faro (Mafarru), a reef, lies about 4.5 miles SE of Kulu-
5.24 its NW extremity to indicate their outline.
du; an island of the same name occupies the S part of this reef
on the seaward side. Faadhippolhu Atoll
Edu Faro (Eddufarru), a reef enclosing a lagoon, lies about 5
5.24

miles SSW of Ma Faro. 5.27 Faadhippolhu Atoll (5°25'N., 73°30'E.) consists of

about 30 islets, only four of which were inhabited in 1970. The
5.25 Manadu (5°47'N., 73°24'E.), close within the lagoon principal occupations are sail weaving and coir making. The
between Ma Faro and Edu Faro, was densely populated in depths in the lagoon are moderate and the bottom is sandy;
1970, when the main village was near the middle of the N side there are many drying and submerged coral heads with depths
of the island. The island is profusely covered in vegetation, in- of 1.8 to 3.7m.
cluding coconut palms, banyan, breadfruit, and almond. Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents set strongly through the
5.27

Good anchorage may be obtained on the N or S side of Ma-

5.25 openings into the lagoon.
nadu according to the season. Fehengili (5°33'N., 73°29'E.) is the N islet of the atoll. There
5.27

A boat channel passes through the reef, which extends the

5.25 is an opening into the lagoon between Fehengili and Kuredu,
whole length of the N side of the island; the passage is narrow, about 0.8 mile W; there are moderate depths in the entrance,
about 1.8m deep, and fringed by large boulders of coral rock. but about 0.8 mile within the opening, some reefs lie in the
Inside the reef is a deep channel, from 18 to 28m wide, skirting fairway. Furifaro, about 4 miles SSE of Fehengili, lies in the
the beach. center of an opening into the lagoon. The islet, with a rocky
Ten other islets within 9 miles of Manadu, and also within
5.25 shoal close NW, lies on a reef.
the lagoon, were inhabited in 1970. The barrier reef, with several islets on it, extends about 7
5.27

The islet of Karema lies about 5 miles SW of Edu Faro.

5.25 miles ESE to Difuri (Divepure), at the NE end of the atoll. The
Kandudu (Kharndudu) (5°39'N., 73°16'E.), inhabited in
5.25 latter islet and Faidu, about 1 mile NW, were inhabited in 1970.
1970, lies on the barrier reef at the S extremity of Miladum- From Difuri, an unbroken line of barrier reef curves SW to
5.27

madulu Atoll, about 2 miles W of Karema. Aligau, at the S extremity of the atoll; several islets are on this
From Kandudu, the barrier reef extends 12 miles NW to Ma-
5.25 section of reef.
vila (Malwillarwarru); the latter islet and the islets of Rafuri, During the Northeast Monsoon, the sea breaks with violence
5.27

Watedu, Didu, and Fadu on this SW face of the atoll were in- upon this unbroken stretch of barrier reef; coral rock and sand
habited in 1970. banks appear at low water along this stretch.
Between Mavila and Kumandu, about 16 miles NNW, are
5.25 There is a wide opening into the atoll between Aligau and
5.27

several lagoon reefs and islets. The island of Kumandu was in- Lowalafuri, about 3.5 miles NNW; the islet of Maduwari lies
habited in 1970; from about 1 mile SE of the island to about 3 near the middle of the opening.
miles farther SE, banks of sand and coral lie along the seaward From Lowalafuri, the barrier reef, enclosing several islets,
5.27

side of a large lagoon reef. Close N of Kumandu, two small is- extends about 7 miles NW to Debu, a group of islets. Several
lets lie on the E side of a detached reef; the latest maps show good channels lead into the lagoon between the islets on the
the islets to lie N and S of each other. barrier reef. Kanifuri (Kanifurhi), about 2 miles W of Debu,
The NW part of the barrier reef consists almost entirely of
5.25 forms the W extremity of the atoll.
reef, enclosing separate lagoons. From Kanifuri, the barrier reef extends about 7 miles NNE to
5.27

Tree Sand Bank, about 6 miles NNW of Kumandu, extends

5.25 Fallwaru (Faileweru). The islet of Naifaro, the most densely
about 2.5 miles into the lagoon and has an islet near its center; populated of the atoll in 1970, lies on the reef about 2 miles
about 1 mile S lies another detached sandbank. A lighted bea- SSW of Fallwaru.
con lies on the N side of the reef, 2 miles N of the W extremity Between Fallwaru and Hurawali, about 4.5 miles NE, several
5.27

of Tree Sand Bank. islets and detached reefs lie some distance SE of the enclosing
Goadu (6°25'N., 72°55'E.) and Kandute, about 1 mile NW,
5.25 reef. There are several channels into the lagoon between islets
lie within the main lagoon and were inhabited in 1970; the in this section of the atoll.

Pub. 173
150 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

Malosmadulu Atoll channel. Kumadu lies 1 mile E of Sudaroa.

The N part of South Malosmadulu Atoll is triangular in
5.30

5.28 Malosmadulu Atoll (5°30'N., 72°55'E.) consists of shape. There are numerous openings into the main lagoon on
North Malosmadulu Atoll and South Malosmadulu Atoll, the N and E sides of the atoll.
which are separated by Moresby Channel, about 1.8 miles Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained off the N side of
5.30

wide. These two atolls are similar in character, their W sides Hitadu.
being composed of a series of lagoon reefs, some prominent There is a wide opening into the lagoon between Olugeri,
5.30

and others in the background. This is a feature common to the close W of Hitadu, and Boduffnur, about 2.8 miles farther W.
N atolls of the Maldive Islands. A rock shoal, with a depth of 12.8m, lies in the opening.

5.29 North Malosmadulu Atoll.—Maduni Faro Horsburgh Atoll

(5°53'N., 72°54'E.), a lagoon reef, lies at the N of the atoll. Wa-
du, inhabited in 1970, lies about 3 miles ESE of Maduni Faro, 5.31 Horsburgh Atoll (Goidu Atoll) (4°52'N., 72°55'E.),
at the S end of a large lagoon reef. about 6 miles S of South Malosmadulu Atoll, is considered as
A wide opening into the lagoon lies between Maduni Faro
5.29 part of the latter atoll for administrative purposes. Horsburgh
and Wadu; it is free of known dangers in the middle of the fair- Atoll was reported (1987) to lie approximately 2 miles SE of
way, with depths of 37 to 44m, sand. Some rocks lie about 3 its charted position.
miles NNW of Wadu. Goidu, at the NE end of the atoll, is the largest islet, and was
5.31

Anchorage.—There is good anchorage in the channel be-

5.29 inhabited in 1970. It has been reported (1994) that the shape of
tween Wadu and Maduni Faro or farther S in the lagoon. the island changes over time.
The Powell Islands (5°58'N., 72°55'E.) consists of two is- Fehendu and Furudu, about 1 mile and 3 miles, respectively,
5.31

lands on a detached reef. Etingili is the NW island and Alifuri W of Goidu, were inhabited in 1970, when both were wooded,
is the SE island; the latter island was inhabited in 1970. with palm trees predominant. The villages on the N sides of
The channel between the Powell Islands and Maduni Faro, these islands are visible from seaward.
about 3 miles S, is deep and free from known dangers. Inafuri (Furhi), an islet, 15m high and bushy, lies on the reef
5.31

The E side of North Malosmadulu Atoll consists of about 20

5.29 about 3 miles W of Furudu.
islands and islets separated by good passages leading into the The islet of Fehenfuri, reported (1994) difficult to identify, lies
5.31

lagoon. About 5 per cent of the above islands and islets were on the S side of the barrier reef, about 4 miles SSE of Inafuri.
inhabited in 1970. The islet of Mafuri lies about 1.3 miles W of Fehenfuri.
Navigation in the central part of the atoll is impracticable
5.29 The lagoon is fringed with dangers, but the center of the la-
5.31

due to the numerous coral heads. goon is clear.

The S side of the atoll is formed by reefs lying between Ber-
5.29 Anchorage.—Anchorage, in 27 to 42m, good holding
5.31

riam Faro (5°26'N., 73°00'E.) and Mamanaga Faro, about 7 ground of sand, mud, and clay, can be obtained in the lagoon.
miles SW; three islets lie on this section of the barrier reef. The only opening into the lagoon lies between Mafuri and
5.31

The SW face of the atoll is formed by Mamanaga Faro, at its

5.29 Fehenfuri. The Dorukandu, as the channel through this opening
SW extremity, and three similar lagoon reefs farther N. is known, lies on the W side between the barrier reef and the
Maregiri (5°31'N., 72°49'E.) lies at the S end of the NW
5.29 shoal water extending nearly 0.8 mile W from the reef on
side of the atoll. From this islet the barrier reef, consisting of a which Fehenfuri lies. The channel is about 183m wide, with a
series of lagoon reefs, some with small unnamed islets, extends least depth of 18.3m. Depths in the opening E of the Dorukan-
about 25 miles NNE. These reefs lack above-water features du are shoal and irregular; a 4.3m patch lies near the edge of
and are therefore difficult to identify; the channels between the Dorukandu, about 0.3 mile E of Mafuri.
them are therefore better avoided, especially since the central The E part of Fehendu, bearing 052°, leads from SW towards
5.31

part of the lagoon is unsafe for navigation. the opening.

Moresby Channel, separating North Malosmadulu Atoll and
5.29 Caution.—Vessels should not attempt to enter the lagoon
5.31

South Malosmadulu Atoll, has depths over 183m and is free except through the Dorukandu.
from known dangers. The W entrance to this channel has no
wooded islet near it and is difficult to identify. Kardiva Channel
5.30 South Malosmadulu Atoll.—Hanikandu Faro 5.32 Kardiva Channel (5°00'N., 73°30'E.), deep and free
(5°17'N., 72°51'E.), at the NW extremity of the atoll, is sepa- from dangers in the fairway, lies between Faadhippolhu Atoll,
rated from Kari Faro, about 0.8 mile S, by an opening into the South Malosmadulu Atoll, and Horsburgh Atoll to NW, and
lagoon. Dukandu, an island, lies in the middle of the inner end Male Atoll and Ari Atoll to SE.
of the opening. Kari Faro is a reef enclosing a lagoon, with the Tides—Currents.—The tidal current sets ENE through
5.32

islets of Iwafuri and Fahris on its S side. Kardiva Channel with the flood and WSW with the ebb, at a
From the opening between Hanikandu Faro and Medu Faro,
5.30 velocity of 2 knots.
about 1.3 miles NE, a deep channel leads E to the NE side of During the Northeast Monsoon, the tidal current is inappre-
5.32

the atoll. ciable during the flood, but the ebb is reinforced by the surface
Islets and reefs on the S side of the channel extend E from
5.30 current generated by the monsoon. Similarly, during the South-
Hanikandu Faro. Fendu was reported inhabited in 1970. Su- west Monsoon the ebb current is weak or absent and the flood
daroa, about 6 miles farther E, lies at the E entrance of the current is strong.

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 151

Aspect.—The N side of the E entrance of Kardiva is well-

5.32 Kagi, a small wooded islet, lies about 3 miles ESE of Olaha-
5.35

defined by Olivelifuri (5°17'N., 73°36'E.), at the SE end of li, and 1.5 miles within the lagoon. A good unobstructed chan-
Faadhippolhu Atoll. Kardiva, about 19 miles farther SSW, is a nel through the reef lies N of this islet; its entrance is marked
good landmark from the E, having two conspicuous palm trees by drying rocks, and in 1974, by the stump remains of a pile
on the N side of the reef upon which it lies. Gaa Faro Reef, on beacon.
the S side of the entrance to Kardiva, has no landmarks on its N Helengili, a long low wooded islet, lies on the barrier reef
5.35

and S sides. about 4.5 miles SE of Kagi. Openings through the reef lie on
The W entrance of Kardiva Channel is not easily identified
5.32 each side of the islet; in 1974, the N opening was narrow and
as the wooded islets on Ari and Horsburgh Atolls lie several appeared to have a least depth of 20m, while the S channel was
miles within the salient points of their barrier reef. However, broader, with a least depth of 40m.
Thoddoo (4°26'N., 72°58'E.), an island off the N end of Ari Lighted Beacon No. 1, a gray framework tower on a concrete
5.35

Atoll, can be sighted at a considerable distance, and forms a base, lies on the S side of a reef 4 miles SW of Helengili.
good landmark in the approach from W. Between Helengili and Mirufuri (4°27'N., 73°42'E.), there
5.35

Caution.—Kardiva was reported (1974) to lie about 2.3

5.32 are several deep channels without landmarks to identify them;
miles SSE of its charted position. a vessel may pass through in favorable conditions and keeping
a good lookout.
5.33 Kardiva (4°58'N., 73°27'E.), formerly known as Asdu, in the lagoon, about 3 miles W of Mirufuri, was cov-
5.35

Karidu, was thickly covered with coconut palms, 14 to 20m ered with coconut palms in 1974.
high in 1974. There is a township on its N side; its SE side is Mirufuri was inhabited in 1974 and wooded with coconut
5.35

steep-to. palms. Difuri, close S, was inhabited in 1974 and thickly

A reef on the N side encloses a lagoon where local craft are
5.33 wooded.
moored. The entrance to the lagoon lies about 0.5 mile NW of Between Difuri and Male, 20 miles SW, a chain of islands
5.35

the NE point of the island. Landing can only be made on Kar- lies upon the reef which is sharply marked by change of water
diva by entering the lagoon, as there is generally a heavy surf color or, in swell conditions, by breakers upon it.
around the island and reef, except at the lagoon entrance.
5.36 Imma (4°18'N., 73°34'E.), inhabited in 1970, and
Gaa Faro Reef Lankanfinolhu (Lankanfushifinolhu), about 1.8 miles SW, lie
on the same reef, with a low islet about midway between.
5.34 Gaa Faro Reef (4°44'N., 73°26'E.), in the form of a Bodu Kalhi (Kadvoigiri Passage), the best and widest open-
5.36

small atoll, lies about 1.5 miles N of North Male Atoll, from ing in the barrier reef, lies between Lankanfinolhu and Kaduoi-
which it is separated by a deep channel, free from dangers in ygiri, an island 1.8 miles SW. There are depths of over 50m in
the fairway. Gaa Faro (Gafaru) (4°44'N., 73°29'E.), an islet at this N side of this channel about 0.6 mile S of Lankanfinolhu,
the E end of the reef, was inhabited in 1970. A clump of trees but a bank with depths of 21 to 28m extends 1.3 miles N into
lies on the reef about 1 mile WSW of this islet. the channel from Furanafushi (Furena), an island about 0.5
Two very small openings lead into the lagoon, one on the
5.34 mile SE of Kaduoiygiri.
NW side and another on the N side, about 4 miles E. Above- A shoal area, about 1.3 miles W of Lankanfinolhu, has a
5.36

water rocks mark the E side of the N opening and apparently, least depth of 7m. A reef lies 0.5 mile WNW of Kaduoiygiri,
the S side of the NW opening. with numerous shoal patches S of it.
An lagoon lies off the W side of Furanafushi, entered at the
5.36

North Male Atoll SW corner of the fringing reef. Within the lagoon are depths to
9m, with a bottom of sand and coral heads. This lagoon pro-
5.35 North Male Atoll (4°25'N., 73°30'E.), the principal vides good anchorage for small craft. A stone jetty extends
atoll of the Maldive Islands, contains about 50 islets and is- from the W end of the island.
lands. Several islets, especially in the S part of the atoll, are de-
veloped as tourist villages. Male (4°10'N., 73°30'E.)
The depths within the lagoon are from 40 to 50m; the bottom
5.35

is of coarse sand except over coral reefs. Shoals within the la- World Port Index No. 49200
goon are easily discernible in favorable conditions of sun and
sea. 5.37 Male, at the S end of North Male Atoll, is the capital
Olahali (4°41'N., 73°26'E.), a low bush-covered islet, marks
5.35 of the Republic of Maldives and is the seat of office of the
the NW point of North Male Atoll. A major channel into the President whose residence is on Aarah (Aramh), a wooded islet
main lagoon lies close E of the islet; it was reported, in 1974, about 3.5 miles NNW. The island is thickly wooded with many
that there appeared to be a least depth of 50m in the center of modern houses, particularly on its N side. It is almost entirely
the channel and that the reef edges could be clearly seen. built up with a network of earth roads. The harbor facilities are
Tides—Currents.—During the Northeast Monsoon, a 2 to 3
5.35 on the N side of the island.
knot western current sweeps through the channel between
North Male Atoll and Gaa Faro Reef, causing strong eddies Maldives Ports Limited Home Page
and turbulence where it meets tidal currents from the lagoon.
During this season, it is advisable to pass through the N reef at [Link]
about slack water.

Pub. 173
152 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

Male
5.37

5.37 Hulule

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 153

Tides—Currents.—From the few observations made in the

5.37 Male, and is surrounded by a reef which dries in places. A
vicinity of Male, it seems likely that the water movement there small tank farm, with three large and about six smaller tanks,
is far more influenced by the monsoon currents than the tidal stands on the island.
currents. When the currents are flowing strongly, it seems like- Dhoonidhoo, a wooded islet, lies about 0.8 mile NW of Fun-
ly that the tidal currents are only strong enough to increase or adhoo. A large silver tank stands on the E central part of the is-
decrease the resulting flow and rarely strong enough to reverse land; a breakwater extends about 25m N on the N side of the
its direction. Due to the probability of strong and unpredictable island.
currents, an approach by night was not recommended (1987). Hulule, about 0.6 mile E of Funadhoo, bears some tall coco-
5.37

In the channel E of Male, the currents from Vaadhoo Kandu

5.37 nut palms; an airstrip runs the full length of the island and joins
(Wadu Channel) set across. During the Northeast Monsoon, a it to an islet close S. A bridge is under construction (2016) be-
component of the current sets NW through this channel, setting tween the SW point of Hulule and the SE point of Male. Air-
a vessel towards the reef fringing the E side of Male. The flow port buildings and a small village lie along the central part of
turns W between Male and Funadhoo. the W side of Hulule.
It was reported (1972) that this flow commenced 1.5 hours
5.37 A channel, with a depth of 1.2m and subject to silting, gives
5.37

before HW, and ran until 1.5 hours before LW, attaining a max- access to small piers on the W side of Hulule; two large yellow
imum velocity of 2.5 to 3 knots at about HW N of Male break- mooring buoys were laid close WNW of the entrance. Break-
water, where it sets strongly across the N face of the waters extend N and S from the entrance to the 1.5m channel.
breakwater. At the same time the flow was weak and variable E The airport control tower, a white building with a red roof, is
5.37

of [Link] sets have also been reported during the a conspicuous landmark. A radio mast, marked by red obstruc-
Northeast Monsoon in Male Harbor. tion lights, stands about 0.25 mile N of the airport control tow-
During the Southwest Monsoon, a component of the current
5.37 er, E of the 1.2m entrance channel.
enters the lagoon through the channel S of Giravaru, flowing Viligili (Wilingili), a low wooded islet used as a tourist vil-
5.37

out principally through the channel W of Male and between lage, lies 1 mile W of Male. It is surrounded by steep-to foul
Male and Funadhoo, and then S into Vaadhoo Kandu (Wadu ground extending up to 0.3 mile offshore. The light on the islet
Channel). is reported to be a good landmark.
It was reported (1972) that an E set existed until within the
5.37 The channel between Viligili and Male has a 5.5m shoal in
5.37

line joining Male and Hulule, then slack water between Funad- the middle, with 11m and 15.4m shoals lying about 0.2 mile
hoo and Dhoonidhoo, when a strong E set was experienced to and 0.4 mile, respectively, N of it. Tidal currents in this channel
the anchorage. Four hours after LW, with the flood current are strong and tide rips form near the shoals; navigation of the
tending to oppose the current, a moderate NE flow was experi- channel is not recommended.
enced in the lagoon. Feydhoo, a bare sandy islet, surrounded by a steep-to reef
5.37

No observations have been made during the change in the

5.37 which dries in places, lies 2.3 miles N of Viligili. Breakwaters
monsoons when the currents could be weak and variable at extend from the islet; reclamation work was in progress (1994)
times, but strong sets may always be encountered. on the NW side of the island.
Depths—Limitations.—The Magathu Faalan berth is 101m
5.37 Galu Falhu, a circular reef about 1 mile SE of Feydhoo, ap-
5.37

long, with an alongside depth of 10.2m. In addition, two light- pears to contain deep water.
erage berths each have an alongside depth of 3.4m. Tulusdu (Thulusdhoo) (4°22'N., 73°38'E.) has a small quay
Aspect.—Male is identified from N and NE by a white
5.37 within a protected harbor area. The lagoon has been deepened
mosque and minaret, and radio masts at its SE corner. and its entrance widened with a jetty built. Vessels up to 2,000
The E, S, and W coasts of Male are fringed by an unbroken
5.37 dwt have been reported to use the port. Several small ware-
reef, awash, extending from 23m to 0.2 mile from the S coast. houses are located near the quay.
The N side of the island is protected by a breakwater, about
5.37 Viligili (Mathidhahuraa) lies 0.5 mile ENE and another islet,
5.37

1.2m high and 4m wide, which is connected to the land at each with some palms and covered with bush, lies about 1.5 miles
end. Six passages lead through the breakwater into the harbor, WSW.
with another into a shallow pool at the W end. Lights are Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 120 gt
5.37

shown from beacons, painted in black and white bands, lying and is available daily from 0600 to 2300. Pilotage for departing
on each side of each of the passages. vessels is available 24 hours.
The inner harbor is used by small local craft and has depths
5.37 Pilots board in position 4°16'N, 73°34'E.
5.37

of 1.8 to 3m. The main passage, in the middle of the breakwa- Vessels sailing from Male should request a pilot from the
5.37

ter and 0.5 mile WNW of Sawmill Point, the NE point of the agent 3 hours prior to sailing.
island, is 17m wide. Regulations.—Vessels must report their ETA 48 hours and
5.37

South West Harbor is protected by a rough breakwater of

5.37 24 hours in advance to the Maldives Port Authority. The ETA
heaped coral extending 0.15 mile from the SW extremity of message should contain the following information:
Male. The harbor is used by inter-island trading boats, cargo 1. Vessel’s name.
lighters, and deep-draft vessels at anchor. 2. Master’s name and nationality.
The Custom House lies on the main quay facing the main
5.37 3. Agent’s name.
passage through the breakwater. 4. Owner’s name.
Red obstruction lights are shown from the radio masts at the
5.37 5. Last port of call and next port of call.
SE end of Male. 6. Type of vessel.
Funadhoo (Funidu) lies about 0.3 mile N of the E end of 7. Port of registry and number.

Pub. 173
154 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

8. Deadweight tons, gt, and nrt. Maldives—Contact Information

9. LOA and maximum draft.
10. Call sign. Tugs
11. Details of dangerous cargo for discharging or in tran- VHF VHF channel 11
sit.
12. ETA at Male. Telephone 960-330-7668
13. Cargo for the Maldives or in transit. Facsimile 960-330-9949
14. Air draft.
Pilots
Vessels should confirm the ETA 12 hours before arrival. Ves-
5.37

sels should contact Male Harbor Control 2 hours prior to arriv- VHF VHF channel 10
al at the pilot boarding position on VHF channel 10.
960-777-5397
Vessels should obtain permission from the local authorities
5.37

before entering Bodu Kalhi. 960-777-6862

Approval is required from harbor control for any work that Telephone
5.37

960-778-2247
could immobilize a vessel for 2 hours or more.
Vessels must get written approval from the Port Authority
5.37
960-793-1032
for any hot work to be done in port. E-mail hm@[Link]
All trade must be made through Male. Surrounding atolls
5.37

cannot trade with foreign vessels due to customs regulations.

Anchorage.—Twelve designated anchorages areas have
5.37

Contact Information.— See the table titled Maldives—

been established (2013) in Male. The anchorages are 0.25 to
5.37

Contact Information. 4.0 miles N to W of Male and can best be seen on the chart.
Small vessels, during the Southwest Monsoon, can moor on
5.37

Maldives—Contact Information the E side of the circular reef about 0.8 mile NW of Dhoonid-
Port Authority hoo. A vessel can secure to an anchor set in the coral of this
reef, with a stern anchor laid out to E. Two anchors on the SE
VHF VHF channel 11 side of Dhoonidhoo can be used in the same way.
Telephone 960-332-9339 Directions.—Vessels bound for the harbor should approach
5.37

from the E using Bodu Kalhi. Gaadhoo Koa (Male Passage) is

Facsimile 960-332-5293
closed to all vessels due to strong currents of up to 6 knots
E-mail info@[Link] caused by seasonal monsoons. The W channel between Male
and Viligili is not recommended.
Web site [Link]
Gaadhoo Koa (Male Passage) is approached with the E side
5.37

Harbor Control of Dhoonidhoo bearing 337°, and open NE of Funadhoo until

Call sign Male Harbor Control the S end of Hulule runway bears 085°. Then steer through the
middle of the channel between Funadhoo and Hulule, and as
VHF VHF channel 10 required round the N side of Funadhoo to approach the anchor-
Telephone 960-332-9330 age. The outline of the reefs is very distinct.
In 1983, it was reported that because of the extended runway S
5.37

Facsimile 960-332-8624 on Hulule Island, a more appropriate approach through Male

Harbormaster Passage should be made from farther SE, maintaining a mid-
channel course. A vessel, at the approach on course 345°, report-
VHF VHF channel 10 ed observing a current setting NNE at 3.5 knots until the S tip of
Telephone 960-777-1966 the runway was abeam to starboard, when a strong S to SW set
of 4 knots was encountered with numerous eddies between
Facsimile 960-332-8624 Smallmill Point and Wild Point. To remain in mid-channel and
E-mail hm@[Link] to counteract the set and drift, a course of 008° was steered,
thereafter, adjusting as necessary to the anchorage.
Terminal Operator
If approaching Male from W, enter Kaashidoo Channel
VHF VHF channel 11
5.37

(Kaashidoo) between Thoddoo (4°26'N., 72°57'E.) and Goidu

Telephone 960-332-7102 Atoll (Horsburgh Atoll), 25 miles N of it. Pass close N clear of
Facsimile 960-332-5237 Thoddoo and then steer SE for Vaadhoo Kandu (Wadu Chan-
nel). When Male is identified and approached, follow the direc-
E-mail cargo@[Link] tions as mentioned above.
Coastguard Low-powered vessels, sailing vessels, and vessels arriving
5.37

from E, may use the opening in the reef 6 miles NNE of Male.
VHF VHF channel 16 Steer to pass about 0.6 mile S of Lankanfinolhu, then N and W
Telephone 960-332-3431 of the reef lying 0.5 mile NW of Kaduoiygiri. Then steer S to
pass W of Vihamanaafushi, a wooded islet 3 miles N of Male,
Facsimile 960-332-5244 and then W of Dhoonidhoo to the anchorage.

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 155

5.38 Giravaru (4°12'N., 73°24'E.), an islet covered in be narrower than charted and this is confirmed by the latest
scrub and with a few coconut palms, lies on the SW side of maps (1970) based on air photography; it should therefore be
North Male Atoll, about 0.5 mile within the outer edge of the used with caution. Hembudu (Eboodhoo) is an uninhabited is-
barrier reef. In 1974, a small bare islet lay at the extremity of let about 1.5 miles SW of Huras (Eboodhoofinolho). A shoal
the reef extending 1 mile W of Giravaru; a similar islet lies 1 depth of 5m is reported to lie SE of Hembudu, between the is-
mile S of Giravaru. land and the reef, therefore restricting passage to the S.
A good, easily discernible channel, S of Giravaru, with a
5.38 Between the S side of this opening and the SE extremity of
5.40

least depth of 48m in its center, leads through the barrier reef. the atoll, there are a few openings with several islets and sand
A wider, less deep channel lies NW of Giravaru; a shoal patch, banks on the E side of South Male Atoll.
with a least depth of 3.4m, lies in the channel, about 0.7 mile
NW of Giravaru, where it broadens out into the lagoon. 5.41 Guru (Gulhi) (3°59'N., 73°30'E.), Mafuri and Gura-
Between Giravaru and Akirifuri, about 26 miles N, several
5.38 du, about 3 and 5.5 miles, respectively, farther SSW, were in-
low bush-covered islets, about 7m high, lie on the W fringing habited in 1970.
reef, giving effective warning of the reef lying about 0.2 mile A good channel, 0.5 mile wide with a least depth of 37m, lies
5.41

outside them. at the SW end of the atoll; this channel lies between the W end
Several openings into the lagoon lie along this stretch of
5.38 of the reef forming the S side of the atoll, and the E side of a
coast. The largest opening is abreast Hembadu, a heavily- detached reef NW and on which Rocky Islet lies. Rocky Islet,
wooded islet, about 17 miles N of Giravaru and 2 miles within according to the latest maps (1970) prepared from aerial pho-
the lagoon; the latest maps (1970), based on aerial photogra- tography, may be much smaller than charted or may have dis-
phy, indicate dangers in the entrance to the W of those charted appeared. In 1987, this islet was reported to be nearly
near Hembadu. submerged at HW.
A low islet, covered in trees and scrub in 1970, lies on the
5.38 Warigili, an islet remarkable for a bushy sandbank extending
5.41

barrier reef 6 miles SSW of Hembadu; a sandbank, similarly from its W side, lies about 8 miles N of the above opening. The
wooded, lies about 2 miles farther SSE. widest of several openings in the W side of the atoll lies about
Akirifuri (4°38'N., 73°24'E.) is low and covered with bush-
5.38 4 miles N of Warigili; a sand bank lies on the S side of this
es; there is a small but safe opening on each side of this islet opening.
and another 1 mile ENE of it.
Maps based on 1968 aerial photography indicate that other
5.38
Ari Atoll
openings between Giravaru and Akirifuri have dangers within
the channels or close within the atoll abreast them. A survey 5.42 Ari Atoll (3°55'N., 72°50'E.) consists of many islands
vessel observed similar indications of such dangers in 1974. and islets, of which 22 were inhabited in 1970. The principal
occupations are catching turtles and weaving sails.
Wadu Channel There are many good passages into the lagoon on all faces of
5.42

the encircling reef, except the S face, where there is only one
5.39 Wadu Channel (4°09'N.,73°27'E.), between the S break.
end of North Male Atoll and the N end of South Male Atoll, The atoll lagoon is much encumbered with coral reefs, some
5.42

about 2.3 mile S, is very deep and free from dangers. with depths of 3.7 to 5.5m; others dry, leaving lagoons within.
The tidal currents in the channel are very strong, the flood
5.39 The coral heads may be avoided on a clear day with a good
setting E and the ebb W. During the monsoons, the tidal current lookout aloft.
accelerated by the prevailing current, setting W during the The influence of spring tides is felt in the lagoon.
5.42

Northeast Monsoon and E during the Southwest Monsoon, at- The channel between Ari Atoll and South Male Atoll is deep
5.42

tains a velocity of 4 knots, causing severe tide rips. and sheltered from the ocean swell.
Thoddoo (4°26'N., 72°57'E.), an island about 12.5 miles NE
South Male Atoll of the N end of Ari Atoll, was inhabited in 1970 and partially
wooded. The island may be sighted from a considerable dis-
5.40 South Male Atoll (4°00'N., 73°25'E.) comprises tance. It was reported (1934) to be larger than charted, and this
about 25 islets, of which five were inhabited in 1970. Most of is confirmed by the latest maps (1970) based on aerial photog-
the islets lie along the E side, but some are on the W side. Safe raphy. These also show the reef to extend about 0.6 mile farther
passages are on one or both sides of all these islets, except for W than charted.
the four or five islets on the SE part of the atoll. Almost all the
islets are wooded, with many palm trees. Rasdu Atoll
The lagoon is deep, but is encumbered with coral reefs,
5.40

which may be avoided in favorable light with a good lookout at 5.43 Rasdu Atoll (Rasdhoo Atoll) (4°16'N., 73°00'E.),
the masthead. about 5.5 miles S of Thoddoo, is connected with the NE part of
Wadu (4°07'N., 73°27'E.), in the middle of the N side of the
5.40 Ari Atoll by a submarine plateau with depths of 183 to 274m.
atoll, has good openings in the reef on each side. There are It forms part of Ari Atoll for administrative purposes.
some sandbanks on the reef between Wadu and Huras, about In 1987, Rasdhoo was reported visible from a distance of 20
5.43

4.5 miles ESE. miles.

A good passage, with a depth of 20m in the fairway, lies
5.40 The channel between Rasdu Atoll and Thoddoo was reported
5.43

about 1 mile S of Huras. This channel was reported (1917) to (1963) to be about 1.3 miles wider than charted.

Pub. 173
156 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

Rasdu (4°16'N., 73°00'E.) and Kuramati, both inhabited in

5.43 are deep and safe.
1970, are islets on the S side of the atoll; the opening between Matiwari (4°12'N., 72°44'E.) and an unnamed islet, about
5.45

them can be used only by vessels if local knowledge is avail- 1.8 miles ESE, were inhabited in 1970. Good anchorage was
able. In 1963, Rasdu had trees 24m high, and Kuramati was obtained in 1942 about 2 miles E of Matiwari.
thickly wooded with some very tall trees.
Weligandu, about 2.5 miles NNE of Rasdu, had trees 14m
5.43
Fulidu Channel and Ariyaddu Channel
high in 1963. The other opening into the lagoon lies about 1
mile N of Weligandu, and has a least depth of 14.6m in the fair- 5.46 Fulidu Channel (3°45'N., 73°25'E.), between the S
way. end of South Male Atoll and the N end of Felidu Atoll, about 7
The lagoon is deep, but it is encumbered with coral reefs.
5.43 miles S, is deep and free from dangers.
Gaha Faro (4°16'N., 72°45'E.), a large reef with a lagoon
5.43 Ariyaddu Channel (3°25'N., 72°53'E.), between the S end
5.46

within, forms the N side of the W side of the atoll; a similar but of Ari Atoll and the N end of Nilandu Atoll, about 9.5 miles S,
smaller reef lies about 2.5 miles E. Observations in 1940 re- is also deep and free from dangers.
vealed depths of 16 and 23m in place of much greater depths in Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents, which are very strong
5.46

the original survey and thus the probability that the above reefs during spring tides, set E through Fulidu Channel and Ariyad-
are joining by a ridge of fast growing coral. du Channel with the flood, and E with the ebb. The tidal cur-
Caution.—Caution is necessary in the vicinity of the N end
5.43 rents are periodically retarded or accelerated by the current.
of Ari Atoll, because of the changes reported.
Felidu Atoll
5.44 Ukulahu (Ukulhas) (4°13'N., 72°51'E.), at the NE
end of the atoll, was inhabited in 1970; a good channel lies W 5.47 Felidu Atoll (3°30'N., 73°30'E.) consists of several is-
of the islet. An islet about 1 mile N of Ukulahu had almost dis- lets, seven of which were inhabited in 1970. The principal oc-
appeared in 1970. A sand bank lying about 1 mile E of Ukula- cupation is net weaving.
hu was reported (1987) a good radar target. Fulidu (3°41'N., 73°24'E.), an islet at the N point of the
5.47

From an islet about 1 mile E of Ukulahu, a chain of small

5.44 atoll, is well-wooded, with a conspicuous clump of trees at its
reefs extends about 6.5 miles SSE to Toroka, the N islet on the center, and was inhabited in 1970.
E side of the atoll. A red obstruction light was reported (1987) There are several safe but narrow openings along the N and
5.47

shown from a radio mast on Butala, lying about 3.8 miles S of NE sides of the atoll. The opening 1.5 miles E of Fulidu has a
Toroka, was visible from a distance of 12 miles. least charted depth of 9.1m in the fairways. In 1987, it was re-
Midu, about 15.5 miles S of Toroka, had a landing place
5.44 ported that patches with minimum depth of 6m existed and the
about the center of the S side abreast a village; there appears to area was breaking heavy seas. Two miles further ESE another
be another at the W end. A strong current sets through the opening has a submerged rock in mid-channel. There is a chan-
channel S of Midu. nel 1 mile E of Diggaru (3°38'N., 73°28'E.), and on each side
Aumedu, about 3.5 miles S of Midu, was inhabited in 1970
5.44 of Alimata, about 3 miles S. In 1987, the N channel was not
and had breakwaters on its N side. Mahiadu, about 2 miles far- recommended.
ther S, was inhabited in 1970 and had breakwaters on its N and Tinadu, about 6.5 miles SSE of Alimata, with Felidu and Ke-
5.47

S sides. adu farther SSE, are three islets at the head of the bight on the
Digura (3°33'N., 72°55'E.), on the SE side of the atoll, and
5.44 NE side of Felidu Atoll. The three islets were inhabited in
Kurafuri and Didu, farther SW, were inhabited in 1970. 1970; Felidu is the island of the Chief of the Atoll. The open-
Numerous passages lead into the E side of the lagoon and are
5.44 ings between these islets and the reefs between are narrow and
about 1 mile apart. Some are narrow, but all are safe if a good a heavy swell sets on them during the Northeast Monsoon; the
lookout is kept. The passage N of Digura is the widest and has currents and tidal current are strong.
a 3.7m patch on its S side. Between Keadu and Foteo, at the E extremity of the atoll,
5.47

there are other openings, narrow and without landmarks. This

5.45 Mamigili (3°30'N., 72°50'E.) and Ariyaddu, about 0.5 part of the barrier reef as well as the whole S face of the atoll
mile E, lie at the S extremity of the atoll and were inhabited in may be considered one continuous reef.
1970. The channels into the lagoon on either side of Ariyaddu, Foteo was inhabited in 1970 and has some tall trees on it.
5.47

though narrow, are free from dangers. The E channel has a Caution.—The latest maps confirm earlier reports that the
5.47

least depth of 51m and the W channel a least depth of 48m in NE edge of the reef N of Foteo extends about 1 mile farther NE
the fairway. A small reef lies about 1.5 miles N of Mamigili. than charted.
The W side of the atoll, in a general N-S direction, is com-
5.45

posed of large reefs enclosing lagoons. The passages between 5.48 Rakidu (3°19'N., 73°27'E.), the S islet of the atoll,
are mostly wide and deep. was inhabited in 1970. There is a very narrow and deep chan-
Mandu, 15 miles NNW of Mamigili; Himendu, 12 miles far-
5.45 nel, leading into the lagoon, on each side of Rakidu; both are
ther N; Malos, 4 miles N of Himendu; and Feridu, 4 miles far- free from dangers in the fairways.
ther N, were all inhabited in 1970. From the W channel at Rakidu to the W point of the atoll,
5.48

An opening in the reef about 7.5 miles WNW of Mamigili is

5.45 there are nine openings in the barrier reef, but there are no
narrow, as are the openings 2 and 3 miles farther N. landmarks to help locate them. Lighted Beacon No. 2 lies on
Passages, about 2 miles wide, lie N and S of the reef on
5.45 the reef at the W point of the atoll.
which Mandu lies. All the rest of the passages on the W side Several openings in the NW side of the atoll are not easily
5.48

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 157

seen. Gunawari, about 4 miles SW of Fulidu, has two conspic- Nilandu Atoll
uous palms showing over dense scrub; an islet, about 1 mile
ESE, has eight coconut palms. 5.51 Nilandu Atoll consists of North Nilandu Atoll and
The latest maps (1970), based on aerial photography, con-
5.48 South Nilandu Atoll, separated by a deep channel 3.5 miles
firm an earlier report that the reef between Gunawari and Fuli- wide. This channel is free from dangers. The islands of both
du has extended about 1 mile NW. atolls are mostly covered by vegetation with many coconut
palms.
Wataru Channel
5.52 North Nilandu Atoll (3°31'N., 72°56'E.) has few is-
5.49 Wataru Channel (3°15'N., 73°30'E.), between Felidu lets on the barrier reef. There are several islets in the lagoon,
Atoll and Mulaku Atoll, about 8 miles S, is divided into two which is deep but encumbered with drying coral reefs.
channels at its W end by Wataru Reef. The S channel is wider The islet of Ari Faro (3°20'N., 72°54'E.) marks the N end of
5.52

and both channels are deep. The currents and tidal currents are the atoll. An opening, with depths of 27 to 37m, lies about 1.3
strong. Off Wataru Reef, heavy W swells are experienced. miles W of Ari Faro, and a broad deep opening, with a reef in
Wataru Reef is a small atoll with a small opening at its S end,
5.49 the middle, lies on the E side of Ari Faro.
which can only be used by boats. An islet lies on each side of From the latter opening, around the E boundary of the atoll
5.52

the opening; the E islet had palms on it in 1970. According to to its S point, there are openings from 1 to 4 miles apart; all
the latest maps, the W islet may have disappeared; they also have moderate depths except the narrow passage S of Farna
show the reef to be about 1 mile longer in an E-W direction (3°19'N., 72°59'E.), which has a charted depth of 5.5m.
than charted. Biladu (3°09'N., 72°59'E.), about 2 miles within the lagoon,
5.52

Rakidu, the S islet of Felidu Atoll, marks the N side of Wata-

5.49 was inhabited in 1970 and had a boat harbor on its NW side.
ru Channel. Nilandu (3°05'N., 72°54'E.), the S island of the atoll, was in-
5.52

habited in 1970. The S opening into the lagoon, E of Nilandu,

Mulaku Atoll is 1 mile wide with depths of 12.8 to 37m in the fairway. Da-
umbuda, about 2 miles ENE of Nilandu, lies on the reef border-
5.50 Mulaku Atoll (3°00'N., 73°29'E.) consists of several ing the E side of the opening. Hekara, Maguda (the chief’s
islets, ten of which were inhabited in 1970. All the islets lie on island), and Daumbuda were inhabited in 1970.
the barrier reef, except Mulaku, the largest islet, which lies A wide, deep passage lies at the N end of the reef extending
5.52

close within the E side of the lagoon. 4 miles NNW from Nilandu. On the N side of this passage is a
There are many coral reefs in the lagoon, which has a sandy
5.50 circular reef, N of which is a deep narrow passage.
bottom. Hemiti, about 12 miles NNW of Nilandu, is the W islet of
5.52

The reefs on the S and E sides of the atoll were reported

5.50 the atoll and was inhabited in 1970. An opening, with a depth
(1920) to be extending seaward; the latest maps prepared from of 24m, lies N of Hemiti and is bounded by the edge of the reef
aerial photography confirm this. projecting 1.5 miles N of the islet and the reef N.
Between the NW extremity of the atoll and Digaru, about 11
5.50 There are some shoals in the opening about 6 miles SSE of
5.52

miles ESE, there are three narrow openings without nearby is- Farna, between Feartu and Mawafuri. The latter island is much
lets to identify them. Digaru and Maduwari, about 0.8 mile smaller than charted due to erosion by the sea, but there were a
ESE, were inhabited in 1970. Close SE of the latter two islets few palms on it in 1970.
are channels about 45.7m wide, with a least depth of 9.1m
Raimandu, inhabited in 1970, lies about 1 mile SSW of the
5.50 5.53 South Nilandu Atoll (2°50'N., 72°56'E.) has many is-
NE point of the atoll. lets on the barrier reef on the E side of the atoll, but few on the
An opening in the barrier reef lies between the islets of Veva-
5.50 W side. The islets on the SE side of the atoll are closely
ru and Muli, about 8.5 and 10.5 miles, respectively, SSW of grouped.
Raimandu. The opening is narrowed to about 0.6 mile by the The atoll has many openings in the barrier reef but is inac-
5.53

reefs extending from both islets. There is a deep channel cessible on its SW side.
through the opening, but the entrance is intricate, with a least The lagoon is deep but encumbered with large and small cor-
5.53

depth of 5.5m in places. Mulaku lies close NW of the opening; al reefs, some of which dry; these reefs are steep-to and easily
a village lies on the N side of the island. discernible. Most of the many islets in the lagoon are in the N
5.50Landing can only be made on the W side of the islets. The part and about 3 miles within the lagoon.
nearest entrance to the lagoon lies 2 miles W of Kolufuri. Furi (3°01'N., 73°01'E.), the N islet on the E side of the
5.53

From Kureli (2°47'N., 73°21'E.), inhabited in 1970, the reef

5.50 atoll, was uninhabited in 1970. There is an opening close SE of
extends N for 24 miles, with 14 safe openings into the lagoon. Furi.
Some of these openings are small, but none has a depth of less From the latter opening the reef, with six other openings and
5.53

than 18.3m. about 20 islets upon it, extends to Kandimas, about 16 miles S.
Tuvaru, about 7 miles N of Kureli, was inhabited in 1970. An
5.50 A narrow opening on the reef, between Kandimas and Wani,
5.53

opening, close S of the islet, forms a good channel with depths about 1 mile SW, has a least depth of 37m in the fairway. The
55m, but there are coral reefs just within the entrance. latter islet was inhabited in 1970.

Pub. 173
158 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

Another opening, about 2.8 miles farther SW and NE of

5.53 Olugeri lies about 6 miles ESE of Koragandu. The E en-
5.56

Maimbudu, has a least depth of 12.8m in the fairway. trance on the N side of the atoll lies close E of Olugeri, and has
a least charted depth of 9.1m.
5.54 Kuda Huvadu (2°41'N., 72°54'E.), at the S extremity Wilifuri, at the NE end of the atoll, was populated in 1970.
5.56

of the atoll, was inhabited in 1970 and is the atoll chief’s is- From close N of Wilifuri, the reef extends about 12 miles S
5.56

land. The opening, E of the island, is about 1.5 miles wide with to Diyagili and has no openings. Diyagili and Mudufuri, about
a least depth of 16.5m in the fairway. 2 miles NE, are inhabited.
Huludali, about 12 miles NNW of Kuda Huvadu, was inhab-
5.54 A good channel, about 0.7 mile between the reefs and with a
5.56

ited in 1970 and has openings N and S of it. The S opening, least depth of 14.6m, lies close SW of Diyagili; there is a tide
about 0.2 mile wide between the edges of the reef, has a least rip across the entrance.
charted depth of 27m. The N opening, between Huludali and Guradu, on which there is a village, lies 1 mile SW of Diy-
5.56

Madali, about 1.3 miles NW, is about 0.8 mile wide between agili.
the reefs, and has a least depth of 35m in the fairway; this Between Guradu and Timarafuri, about 13 miles SW, there
5.56

opening is better defined than the opening S of Huludali. A are no openings in the barrier reef; numerous islets lie on this
reef extends about 0.8 mile E of Madali. reef.
There are three openings on the barrier reef between Madali
5.54 There are three openings between Timarafuri and Veimandu,
5.56

and Furi, about 12.5 miles NE, but there are no other islets on about 3 miles WSW; the latter two islets are inhabited. The
this part of the reef. The NW side of the atoll is unsafe to ap- channel close W of Timarafuri has a least charted depth of 68m
proach, as some islets inside the lagoon have trees on them vis- and is free from dangers. The channel, about 1 mile farther W,
ible from a distance, but they lie too far within to provide safe is not recommended; it has a least depth of 11m and care must
navigational marks. be taken to avoid rocks on its E side. A broad, deep channel
Dures and Rimbudu lie within the lagoon, about 3 and 4
5.54 lies about 1 mile farther W and close E of Veimandu, but a
miles, respectively, NE of Madali; they are called the Jewel- large coral patch, with off-lying rocks, lies about 0.8 mile with-
lers’ Islands because the inhabitants were at one time the chief in the entrance.
jewellers of the Maldive Islands. Rimbudu was inhabited in The barrier reef then extends from Veimandu to Naraka,
5.56

1970. about 8 miles W, and then about 5 miles NNW to Hirilandu.

Anchorage NE of Rimbudu is more comfortable in a SW
5.54 The most convenient entrance from the W, and the only one
5.56

swell than that S of the island. on the W side, lies between Hirilandu and Kandudu, about 2
miles N. The entrance is constructed by a reef, partly above-
Kudahuvadu Channel water, in the middle of the opening, with an islet about 1 mile
E. Vessels may best avoid the reef by keeping well to the S or
5.55 Kudahuvadu Channel (2°40'N., 73°15'E.), between N sides of the opening, while maintaining a sharp lookout for
Mulaku and Nilandu Atolls to N, and Kolumadulu Atoll to S, is the reefs extending N from Hirilandu and S from Kandudu.
deep and free from dangers. It is about 15 miles wide at its E Anchorage.—There is anchorage, according to the prevailing
5.56

entrance and about 9.5 miles wide at its W entrance. wind, on the E side of Hirilandu or the E side of Kandudu, but
The W entrance of the channel is well-defined on its N side
5.55 care must be taken to anchor clear of coral patches.
by Kuda Huvadu; the S side of the entrance is not so well-
marked. Veimandu Channel
Tides—Currents.—Currents in Kudahuvadu Channel are
5.55

more obstructed than those in the channels farther S because of 5.57 Veimandu Channel (2°10'N., 73°20'E.), between
the nearby atolls, and consequently are more uncertain in di- Kolumadulu Atoll and Miladummadulu Atoll, about 16 miles
rection and their velocities are greater. SE, is deep and free from dangers, but it is inadvisable to pro-
Tidal currents set E through the channel with the flood and
5.55 ceed through it at night.
W with the ebb. Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents in this channel have a ve-
5.57

locity of about 2 knots at springs, but this velocity may be ac-

Kolumadulu Atoll celerated or retarded by the prevailing current.
A current of 1.8 to 3.5 knots, setting in 070° direction, was
5.57

5.56 Kolumadulu Atoll (2°23'N., 73°08'E.) has several experienced in Veimandu Channel in October, 1960.
openings in its barrier reef; there are islets on its E, S, and W
sides, but very few on its N side. The lagoon is encumbered Haddummati Atoll
with numerous drying coral reefs.
The few islets on the N side of the atoll were wooded in
5.56 5.58 Haddummati Atoll (1°55'N., 73°25'E.) has six open-
1970, and had many coconut trees. ings in the barrier reef surrounding it, four of which are suit-
Kandufuri (2°32'N., 73°00'E.) has openings in the reef
5.56 able for large vessels. The lagoon is encumbered by many coral
about 1.3 miles WSW and close E; both openings are deep. reefs, but these can be seen by a lookout at the masthead on a
Kandufuri was reported to be a good radar target at 15 miles. clear day with the sun behind.
Buruni, about 8 miles E of Kandufuri, has a channel close E
5.56 Isdu (2°07'N., 73°35'E.), at the N extremity of the atoll, had
5.58

with a depth of 12.8m. Another opening, about 2.5 miles E and several villages on it. It was reported (1963) that Isdu lies about
close W of Koragandu, has a least charted depth of 29m, but 3 miles NNW of its charted position.
care must be taken to avoid reefs about 1 mile S of the opening. The inhabited islet of Mabadu lies about 5.5 miles SSW of
5.58

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 159

Isdu. Passages lie N and S of Mabadu; the N passage is shal- as there are no islets on this portion of the barrier reef to pro-
low, but the S passage is about 0.2 mile wide, with depths of vide landmarks, a careful lookout is necessary.
14.6m. From its N point on the E side, the barrier reef extends about
5.61

From the latter opening, the barrier reef extends about 12.5
5.58 11 miles SSE and is impassable. Mametu, about 4.5 miles from
miles SSW to close W of Gadu, at the E opening of the S en- the above N point, consists of two islets, and are the first islets
trance to the lagoon. Of the several islets on this section of reef, to be seen when approaching from NE.
Mandu, Baresdu, Gang, and Funadu are inhabited. Gang and Wiringili (0°45'N., 73°26'E.), densely inhabited in 1970,
5.61

Funadu were reported (1970) to lie about 2 miles NW of their lies at the S end of the impassable reef. Kudu lies about 0.5
charted positions. mile farther S. There are passages N and S of Kudu. The N pas-
Funadu was reported to be a good radar target at 18 miles.
5.58 sage is about 0.2 mile wide with a least depth of 22m, and the S
The S opening into the lagoon lies between the reef extend-
5.58 passage is about 0.3 mile wide with a least depth of 24m.
ing 0.5 mile SW of Gadu and the reef close E of Hitadu, about Between Kudu and Kandu Huludu, about 23 miles SSE,
5.61

2.5 miles SW. The opening is divided into two passages by there are a number of openings in the reef and numerous islets
three reef-fringed islets lying just within and on the W side of lying on it. Of the islets, Nilandu, Dandu, Hura Mula, Kondai,
the entrance. The E passage has a least depth of 55m and the W Diaddu, Mawaru, and Kandu Huludu were inhabited in 1970.
passage has a least charted depth of 27m. Several coral reefs lie A passage, about 0.5 mile wide, with depths of 12.8 to 14.6m
5.61

in the fairway W of the three islets, and care must be taken if in the fairway, lies between Kandu Huludu and Huluwarolu,
using the W passage. about 1 mile WSW.
From the NE end of Huluwarolu, the barrier reef extends
5.61

5.59 Hitadu (1°48'N., 73°25'E.), on the W side of the S about 5.5 miles SW, and just within its SW end is an islet
opening, is the atoll chief’s island; with Kunahandu, close W, called Gadu, inhabited in 1970. Several islets are on this part of
the two islands appear as one. In 1984, a light was reported on the reef, and from the offing appear as one. A narrow passage
the W end of Hitadu Island. SW of Gadu has a least depth of 3.6m in the fairway.
The barrier reef extends from close E of Hitadu for about 12
5.59

miles NW to about 1.5 miles N of Mavaru. The latter island, at 5.62 Gan (0°17'N., 73°22'E.), inhabited in 1970 and the
the W extremity of the atoll, is the principal island. largest island of the atoll, lies about 1 mile W of Gadu.
Anchorage.—Convenient anchorage has been reported, in
5.59 Gan Channel, W of Gan, is about 1.5 miles wide, with a least
5.62

44m, N of Hitadu. Landing was easily made on a sandy beach depth of 55m in the fairway. An islet, about 2 miles NNW of
after passing over the reef which extends about 183m offshore. the SW end of Gan, can be passed on either side, but care must
Good anchorage, sheltered from W winds, can be found, in
5.59 be taken to avoid a reef extending 1.3 miles SSW of it, and also
31 to 37m, about 0.8 mile E of Mavaru. Low Bushy Island off the W end of this reef. Inside the en-
trance of this channel, the lagoon is encumbered with islands
One and Half Degree Channel and reefs all plainly visible from aloft in favorable light.
Several channels are in the barrier reef, between the W side
5.62

5.60 One and Half Degree Channel (1°30'N., 73°20'E.), of the entrance to Gan Channel and Wadu, about 7 miles WSW.
between Haddummati Atoll and Suvadiva Atoll, about 52 miles The channel between Rasfanu, 6 miles W of Gan, and Kuri,
S, is deep and free from dangers. about 1.8 miles farther W, has a least depth of 37m and leads
A detached shoal, with a depth of 15.5m, was reported
5.60 N.
(1963) to lie about 21 miles N of the N of Suvadiva Atoll. Wadu, inhabited in 1970, is the site of ancient mosques and
5.62

Currents setting E, with velocities up to 3.5 knots, have been

5.60 burial places; the barrier reef extends about 2.5 miles WSW of
experienced in October and November. During the Northeast Wadu. The channel into the lagoon, close W of the latter reef,
Monsoon period (December to March), a set W of nearly 4 has a least depth of 12.8m in the fairway.
knots was reported in 1972. Matoda, about 6 miles W of Wadu, lies on the W end of the S
5.62

coral reef of the atoll. This reef contains several islets and ex-
Suvadiva Atoll tends about 4.3 miles ESE from Matoda.
Fiori (0°14'N., 73°05'E.), inhabited in 1970, lies about 1
5.62

5.61 Suvadiva Atoll (Huvadu Atoll) (0°30'N., 73°15'E.) is mile W of Matoda. A deep channel, about 0.3 mile wide and
one of the largest of the Maldive Islands, and also one of the fringed by reef, lies between the two islets.
unhealthiest of the atolls. Elephantiasis is said to be common From Fiori, the reef extends about 7 miles NW to Nadale,
5.62

and cases of leucodermia have been reported; isolation of such and then about 10 miles NNW to Madaveli; this portion of reef
cases is strictly enforced by the government. is so densely encumbered with small islets as to appear as a
Many islets are on the barrier reef and within the lagoon, but
5.61 single large island from some directions.
not all are inhabited. The lagoon has greater depths than the Kandudu Channel, between Madaveli and Kandudu, about 1
5.62

other atolls of the Maldive Islands, and is less obstructed by mile N, is the more convenient and principal entrance into the
coral reefs. lagoon. It is about 0.8 mile wide, with a least depth of 11m.
The atoll is the center of the Maldivian mat industry, as the
5.61 Havaru Tinadu, about 4 miles N of Madaveli, is well-wood-
5.62

rushes from which the mats are made are found in great quanti- ed, very low, and swampy in parts. It is densely populated and
ties. reported to be the seat of government of the atoll, with radio
The N of the atoll is bounded by detached reefs, with a few
5.61 communication with Male. From SW or W, this islet may ap-
islets about 2 miles within. There are several safe passages, but pear as the N point of the atoll, because none of the low-lying

Pub. 173
160 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

islets N of it are wooded. island. This bank, composed of hard sand, with small coral
Between Havaru Tinadu and Mafuri, about 21 miles NNE,
5.62 rock is steep-to.
the barrier reef recedes to form a bight. There are numerous Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained during moderate
5.65

openings into the lagoon on the NW side, but no useful land- weather, in 11 to 12.8m, on the S end of the shelving bank.
marks; however, a vessel might pass through one of these A landing place on the E side of the islands can be recog-
5.65

openings in an emergency with a good lookout at the masthead nized by a collection of boat sheds. Landing on the W side is
and with favorable light conditions. dangerous and should not be attempted.

5.63 Mafuri (0°50'N., 73°08'E.), the principal islet on the Addu Atoll (Addoo Atoll)
NW side of the atoll, was densely inhabited in 1970. Its fring-
ing reef extends about 1 mile N of the islet. Landing is at the 5.66 Addu Atoll (0°39'S., 73°10'E.), the S atoll of the Mal-
village near the middle of the E side of the islet. The boat chan- dive Islands, is fertile and consists of many islands and islets
nel is not marked and only boats of shallow draft can land here lying on a barrier reef enclosing a lagoon which provides good
at LW. anchorage.
Hibadu, within the lagoon and about 3.5 miles E of Mafuri,
5.63 The barrier reef, which dries, extends about 0.5 mile seaward
5.66

was uninhabited in 1970 and very unhealthy. It lacks palm trees of the islands. Four deep channels lead through the barrier reef
but is marked by tall luxuriant trees. into the lagoon, which has general depths of 18.3 to 75m.
Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon, sheltered an-
5.63 The islands and islets on the W side are more densely wood-
5.66

chorage can be found on the W side of Nilandu (0°38'N., ed than those on the E side, which are covered with scrub.
73°23'E.). Vessels with local knowledge can enter the lagoon Good radar returns have been reported from Addu Atoll at
5.66

on either side of the reef on which Nilandu lies; care must be 11 miles
taken to avoid a coral reef that lies in the middle of the N chan- Winds—Weather.—Wind direction has a seasonal pattern
5.66

nel. Anchorage can also be found on the W side of Kondai not conforming to that of the monsoon. Winds from NNE pre-
about 10 miles SE, but local knowledge is necessary. dominate in January and February, backing to W in March,
Good anchorage can be obtained about 0.5 mile NW of Gadu
5.63 April, and May and to S in July and August. In September, the
and also off Gan. predominant direction veers to become W in October and No-
Hondedu (0°27'N., 73°00'E.), S of Madaveli, affords good
5.63 vember, and N by December. Wind speeds are generally below
anchorage, in 49 to 64m, on its E side during the Southwest 15 knots, with greatest mean speeds in May and October. Oc-
Monsoon; local knowledge is necessary. casional gusts exceeding 40 knots occur at any time of year in
Anchorage may be obtained in the NW part of the lagoon, in
5.63 association with rain showers from SW or NW.
18.3m, with Mafuri bearing 267°, distant 1 mile. Winds from E are rare and usually light.
5.66

Tides—Currents.—Addu Atoll and Equatorial Channel lie

5.66

Equatorial Channel in the N fringe of the Equatorial Counter-Current. The predom-

inant direction of the current appears to be E or NE throughout
5.64 Equatorial Channel (0°00', 73°15'E.) is the name the year, but observations are scanty and marked variations no
generally applied to the channel between Suvadiva Atoll and doubt occur.
Addu Atoll, about 46 miles S, but the name should be more Observations suggest the current increases in strength within
5.66

properly applied to the channel between the S point of Suvadi- 50 miles from the atoll.
va Atoll and Fua Mulaku, which lie about 12 miles N and 16 Approaching Addu Atoll from W in approximate latitude
5.66

miles S, respectively, of the Equator. There are no known dan- 0°45'S, a vessel reported (1965) that the counter-current was
gers between Suvadiva Atoll and Addu Atoll. running at 1 knot or less. When E of meridian 72°E, the current
Tides—Currents.—Strong E and W sets, with velocities up
5.64 increased setting ENE at an estimated 3 knots and possibly in-
to 5.5 knots, have been reported in Equatorial Channel, but in creasing to 5 knots when about 30 miles W of Gan.
its S part the easterly counter equatorial current, with a velocity On the S side of the atoll, the flood current sets strongly into
5.66

up to about 4 knots, seems to prevail. the lagoon through Wilingili Channel (Viligili Kandu) and out
of the lagoon through Gan Channel (Gan Kandu). The ebb cur-
Fua Mulaku Island rent sets out through both channels; thus the current through
Gan Channel (Gan Kandu) is continuously out of the lagoon.
5.65 Fua Mulaku Island (0°17'S., 73°26'E.) is wooded The current sets strongly across the entrance to Gan Channel
5.66

and inhabited. In 1968, the island was reported to lie about 3 (Gan Kandu), usually in an E direction, but after a spell of E
miles WNW of its charted position. In 1963, the island was re- winds a set to the SW is experienced.
ported to extend 1.5 miles more in a NW-SE direction than On the N side of the atoll, in Kudu Kandu Channel (Kuda
5.66

shown on the chart; recent air photography (1969) confirmed Kandu), the current sets in with the flood and out with the ebb,
an extension in these directions of 1 mile. but in Man Kandu Channel it sets continuously out of the la-
Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents in the vicinity of Fua
5.65 goon. The tidal current in Man Kandu Channel is reported to
Mulaku set W on the ebb and E on the flood, but are little felt attain a velocity of 5 knots.
except in retarding or accelerating the current. The tidal rise at Addu Atoll is 1.2m at MHWS and 0.8m at
5.66

Fua Mulaku is steep-to on its W, N, and E sides, but a shelv-

5.65 MHWN.
ing bank, on which the sea breaks heavily up to 0.8 mile off- Caution.—Shoaler depths than charted have been reported
5.66

shore, extends about 1.5 miles SSE from the S end of the (2018).

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 161

5.67 East side.—Meedhoo (Hulhumeedhoo) (0°35'S., 5.69 West side.—The barrier reef, with several islands on
73°14'E.), the NE islet of the atoll, is thickly wooded (1973), it, extends about 7.5 miles NW of Gan.
except near the village Meedhoo at its NW end and near the Feydhoo, close NW of Gan, to which it is connected by a ru-
5.69

village of Huludu at its S end. ined causeway, is thickly wooded.

Heratera, a narrow isthmus, thickly wooded (1973) in its N
5.67 Maradhoo, thickly wooded in its SE part, lies close NW of
5.69

part, extends about 2.5 miles S from the S end of Meedhoo. Feydhoo and is connected to it by a causeway.
Kalohera and Mulikadu lie about 0.2 mile and about 1 mile
5.67 Hankada, about 183m NW of Maradhoo, is connected to it
5.69

S, respectively, of the S end of Heratera; a coconut palm stands by a causeway and also to Abuhera farther NW.
near the E side of Mulikadu. The barrier reef extends about 0.8 Abuhera is connected by a narrow isthmus to Hithadhoo, the
5.69

mile SW of Mulikadu. NW and largest island of Addu Atoll. The latter island is thick-
Viligili, an island with its N end about 1.4 miles SW of Mu-
5.67 ly wooded N of its junction with Abuhera. Two radio masts,
likadu, lies on a detached reef. The NE part of the island is cov- exhibiting red obstruction lights at an elevation of 73m, lie near
ered with scrub and is heavily wooded. The island was the S point of Hithadhoo. Close S of the masts is a radome,
uninhabited in 1973, but is sometimes visited by fishermen. conspicuous to seaward from S and W, with numerous unlit ra-
Wilingili Channel (Viligili Kandu), an opening into the lagoon, dio masts, with elevations of about 36m, extending 0.5 mile
lies NE of Viligili. Gan Channel (Gan Kandu), another open- NW. A large village, with three mosques, is situated on the N
ing, lies SW of Viligili. part of the island.
Koattey (Demon Point) (0°35'S., 73°05'E.), the N extremity
5.69

5.68 Gan (0°41'S., 73°10'E.), at the S end of Addu Atoll, of Hithadhoo, lies about 3.3 miles N of the radome.
lies about 1 mile W of the SW end of Viligili. The island was
lent in 1960 to the British Government as a staging post for the 5.70 North side.—From Koattey (Demon Point), the outer
Royal Air Force. The British presence on the island ceased on edge of the barrier reef trends SE and E for about 3.5 miles to
March 31, 1976. the W entrance point of Kudu Kandu Channel. Man Kandu
Depths—Limitations.—A concrete pier, 135m long and
5.68 Channel, about 0.8 mile farther E, is separated from Kudu Kan-
13.4m wide, is situated about 0.3 mile E of the NW end of the du Channel by two sandy cays; Kandu Huraa (Bushy Islet), the
island. There is a channel 15.2m wide, with a depth of 2.3m on E cay, has a prominent group of trees on it.
both sides of the jetty. There is a least depth of 2.7m at the sea- From the E entrance point of Man Kandu Channel, the barri-
5.70

ward end of the jetty. er reef extends about 5.5 miles ENE to the NE extremity of
An oil pier, about 0.2 mile ESE of the concrete pier, extends
5.68 Meedhoo. Mahira Island, on this reef, extends to about 1 mile
134m to the edge of the barrier reef. Tankers using the oil pier W of the NW extremity of Meedhoo.
anchor off and secure the stern to moorings buoys off the head
of the pier. 5.71 Lagoon.—The reef fringing the islands extends about
Aspect.—The island is very fertile, with many palm and ca-
5.68 0.5 mile into the lagoon, except in the SW corner, where it is
suarina trees on its NW side, but the S part is covered with less than 0.2 mile off Gan and Feydhoo. The fringing reef ex-
scrub. The N shore is lined with buildings associated with the tends much farther in the NE and NW parts of the lagoon,
airfield on the island. A conspicuous clump of casuarina trees which are encumbered with coral reefs; the NE part has not
stands at the SE end of the island. been thoroughly examined, and vessels should not approach
Numerous radio masts, with elevations of 40m, some of
5.68 these areas too closely.
which are marked by red obstruction lights, are situated on the Medu Gaa and Arivara are two coral heads which dry, lying
5.71

S side of the island. In the same area is a lattice tower, with an in the middle of the lagoon, about 3 and 3.5 miles, respectively,
elevation of 30m, and fitted with reflector devices, the upper NE of the E extremity of Gan. Hulhuvaa Galaa, with a least
rectangular and the lower crescent-shaped. A black lattice tow- depth of 4.9m, lies about 0.2 mile S of Medu Gaa.
er, fitted with cross-trees, lies close NE of this tower. Aa Galaa drying coral shoal, lies about 1.3 miles NW of the
5.71

NW extremity of Gan.
Two blue square towers, with elevations of 9m, lie on the N
5.68 Dhebai Halaa, with a least depth of 8.5m, lies about 1 mile N
5.71

side of the island about 0.8 mile farther NW; they are conspicu- of Aa Galaa.
ous from N and E, but obscured from the NW. A similar tower Anchorage.—Anchorage, during E winds, can be taken off
5.71

and several radio masts, all with an elevation of 29m, lie about the W side of the E islands, and in W or S winds off the NE
0.2 mile W of the water towers; the tower and some of the side of the SW islands; local knowledge is necessary. These are
masts are marked by red obstruction lights. the most convenient anchorages for communication with the
Pilotage.—No licensed pilot is available.
5.68 inhabitants. Anchorage off Gan was previously described in
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in about 40m, good
5.68 paragraph 5.68.
holding ground of coral and sand, from 0.4 to 0.5 mile ENE of Swell may be experienced in the lagoon throughout the year,
5.71

the jetties on the N side of Gan. There is very little swell here, but most often and most severely with W or S winds, when re-
but farther inside the lagoon it may be moderate to heavy. fueling alongside a tanker or loading and discharging a ship
Ships up to 12,000 gt anchor regularly in this area. Ships for-
5.68 may be difficult.
merly anchored farther WNW, but this area is now fouled by a Caution.—A submarine cable, on the W side of the lagoon,
5.71

submarine cable. is laid between the NW end of Gan and Hithadhoo. Vessels are
Caution.—The lighted buoys and buoys in the channels and
5.68 warned not to anchor within 0.5 mile of this cable, which car-
the lagoon should not be relied upon. ries high voltage.

Pub. 173
162 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

5.72 Entrance channels.—Gan Channel and Wilingili channel close off the reef on the SW side.
Channel, the S channels, are to be preferred to the N channels, Man Kandu Channel and Kudu Kandu Channel, the N chan-
5.72

as they are broader and less intricate; a daylight approach is nels, are not easy to distinguish from N.
recommended. Aircraft runway lights at each end of the run-
way at Gan are switched on when it is in use; the lights are in Man Kandu Channel, about 0.2 mile wide between the shoal
5.72

line 098.5°, but have no navigational significance for ships. ground extending from the reefs on either side, has a least
Gan Channel is about 0.4 mile wide, with depths of 16.5 to
5.72 depth of 12.2m in the fairway.
18.3m in the fairway. Kudu Kandu Channel, about 0.1 mile wide between the
5.72

Wilingili Channel, about 0.4 mile wide between the reefs,

5.72 fringing reefs, has a least depth of 24m in the fairway. Kudu
has a least depth of 18.3m and is entered on a NW course. Care Kandu Channel is longer and narrower than Man Kandu Chan-
should be taken to avoid a 12.2m shoal at the lagoon end of the nel, and is unlit.

Pub. 173
 163
6. Point
Sector 6—India—East Coast—Point Calimere to Balisahi

6.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 6 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 165

SECTOR 6
INDIA—EAST COAST—POINT CALIMERE TO BALISAHI POINT

Plan.—This sector describes the E coast of India, from Point

6.0 perienced close offshore and they vary the strength of the cur-
Calimere to Balisahi Point, and includes the Coromandel Coast rent in the neighborhood of Middle Banks in Palk Strait.
and the Orissa Coast within its limits; Chennai (Madras) and
Vishakhapatnam are the main harbors. The descriptive se- Point Calimere to Chennai (Madras)
quence is from S to N as far as Cocanada and then NE to Bali-
sahi Point. 6.2 Point Calimere (10°17'N., 79°52'E.) is the southern-
most extremity of the Coromandel Coast and the NW entrance
General Remarks point of Palk Strait. The following conspicuous objects lie in
the vicinity of the point:
6.1 The E coast of India, from Point Calimere N to Co- 1. Point Calimere Light, shown from a concrete tower,
canada, is about 500 miles long and is known as the Coroman- 18.2m high, close within the point; a racon transmits from
del Coast. That part of the coast between Cocanada and the tower.
Balisahi Point, about 364 miles NE, is known as the Orissa 2. Kodiyakkarai Bungalows, about 3 miles WSW of the
Coast. point.
The low sandy coast fronting the W side of the Bay of Ben-
6.1 3. Two dark-colored pagodas about 5 miles N of the
gal is exposed to a very heavy surf. As a result, there is little or point and 1 mile inland. These pagodas are shaped like ob-
no shelter provided for vessels other than small craft. The har- long haystacks and are in range 270°.
bors at Chennai and Vishakhapatnam are the only large ports
providing shelter and berthing facilities for all classes of ves-
sels. The coast S of Chennai appears to have been encroached
upon by the sea to a considerable extent.
Between Pondicherry and Chennai, scattered hills rise to
6.1

heights of 46 to 198m, at distances of 2 to 16 miles inland.

Similar hills lie in the vicinity of Nellore, and as far N as the
Gundlakamma River.
Between Godavari Point and Shortt’s Island, about 360 miles
6.1

NE, the coast is low and barren in places and relatively high
and densely wooded in other places. With the exception of Co-
canada and False Bays, there are no indentations of any appre-
ciable size.
The depth curves generally parallel the coast with the 200m
6.1

curves lying about 15 to 25 miles offshore between Godavari

Point and the mouth of the Devi River (19°59'N., 86°24'E.).
Winds—Weather.—Changes in the monsoons are usually
6.1

accompanied by bad weather. Cyclonic storms, although rare,

sometimes occur near the middle of November or the begin-
ning of April. The rainy season commences toward the end of
June and ends in the latter part of November.
Tides—Currents.—The direct effect of the Northeast Mon-
6.1

soon and the Southwest Monsoon winds on the surface waters

of the Bay of Bengal is the development of seasonal currents in
opposite directions. Point Calimere Light
Along the E coast of India, on the W side of the bay, it is not
6.1

unusual to experience currents setting with velocities of 2 to 3 Depths—Limitations.—Between Point Calimere and Ma-
6.2

knots. From February through May, a strong current sets to the dras, there are no charted or known dangers seaward of the
N, and from September through December, a similar current 35m curve.
setting to the S may be experienced. A survey party found cur- The 120m curve lies about 2 to 16 miles offshore, lying at its
6.2

rents with velocities of 1 to 2 knots outside the 45m curve, less greatest distance off the E of Point Calimere.
current between the 35 and 18m curves, and little or no current An 8.7m detached shoal lies about 7.5 miles ENE of Point
6.2

inside the latter curve. Close to the shore, the current was occa- Calimere. A drying sand bank extends about 2 miles NE of the
sionally reversed. same point. During bad weather small craft shelter inside this
When the current was setting to the N in the offing, a set out
6.1 bank.
of Palk Strait was usually found, and presumably the reverse Nagappattinam Shoal, about 5 miles long and composed of
6.2

takes place when the current sets to the S. Tidal currents are ex- hard sand and stones, lies parallel to the coast about 4 to 5

Pub. 173
166 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

miles offshore. The N end of this shoal lies about 6.8 miles SE
of Nagappattinam Light. Depths over this shoal range from 6.1
to 8.5m.
6.2Several 18.3m patches lie outside the 18m curve, about 12.5
to 17.5 miles NE of Pondicherry Light.
6.2The coast between Point Calimere and Nagappattinam,
about 28 miles to the N, is low and fringed by trees. Sand ridg-
es, 3 to 10m high, also fringe the coast.
6.2The two dark-colored pagodas, previously described above,
and the church at Velanganni, about 5 mile S of Nagappat-
tinam, are the only distinguishable landmarks between Point
Calimere and Nagappattinam.

6.3 Nagappattinam (Negapatam) (10°46'N., 79°51'E.)

(World Port Index No. 49350), the principal port of the Thanja-
vur District, lies at the mouth of the Uppanar River.
6.3Vessels anchor in the roadstead off the port to work cargo.
All cargo is handled at the anchorage by lighters. About 114 of
these lighters are available, each with a capacity of 40 tons.
These lighters unload and load at the river’s quays at HW.
6.3Winds—Weather.—During the Northeast Monsoon, the
predominant wind is from the NE at a force of 6 to 7. The port
is closed to shipping at this time. During the Southwest Mon-
soon, the wind is W a force 6.
6.3Tides—Currents.—In general, the currents off Nagappat- Nagappattinam Light
tinam set with the wind and vary with its direction and force.
The tides off the port are semidiurnal. displayed from the station to assist vessels in anchoring on the
6.3Depths—Limitations.—The 10m curve lies about 2 miles most suitable bearing from the lighthouse; Flag K indicates a
off the port; the depths shoal gradually toward the shore. bearing of 260°, with each subsequent letter indicating a 5° in-
6.3There is a least depth of 1.2m over the bar which crosses the crease to Flag Q, which indicates a bearing of 290°.
mouth of the Uppanar River. The river channel leading to the
river quays has a dredged depth of 2.4m. Cargo lighters must 6.3Storm signals are displayed from the lighthouse in accor-
dance with the Indian Extended System. Further information
have a draft of less than 1.2m to cross the bar and enter the riv-
er. The sea breaks over the bar in nearly all weathers and cross- on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Di-
ing can be dangerous for boats unless carefully handled. Boats rections (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian
Ocean under “India—Signals.”
are not permitted to cross the bar after dark.
Contact Information.— See the table titled Nagappat-
The Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (CPCL) Jetty
6.3

6.3

tinam—Contact Information.
extends E from the S entrance point of the Vettar River, about
3.7 miles N of the mouth of the Uppanar River. The jetty has a
single dolphin berth at its head, with an alongside depth of 8m, Nagapattinam—Contact Information
and can accommodate a vessel up to 40,000 dwt. Port
6.3Aspect—A minaret at Nagore, 46m high, about 3.3 miles N
of Nagappattinam, can be seen before the adjacent coast be- Call sign Nagapattinam Port Radio
comes visible. Upon closer approach, Nagappattinam Light, VHF VHF channels 11, 13, 14, and 16
the tall church spire to the NW and two chimneys at the rail-
91-4365-242-255
way workshop to the SW, are conspicuous from the offing. Telephone
6.3Nagappattinam has been reported to be a good radar target 91-4365-242-363
up to 17 miles.
CPCL Jetty
6.3Pilotage.—Pilots for vessels using the CPCL Jetty board
about 1.75 miles SE of the head of the jetty. Pilots are available Call sign CPCL Base
only from 0600-1000 and 1500-1900. VHF VHF channels 16 and 67
6.3Regulations—Vessels should send their ETA to their local
agent 48 hours in advance. Telephone 91-4365-252-577
6.3Vessels using the CPCL Jetty should contact the facility on E-mail [Link]@[Link]
VHF channel 16 at least 2 hours prior to arrival. Berthing at the
jetty takes place during daylight hours only. Web site [Link]
6.3Signals—A signal station which vessels at anchor can com-
municate with using the International Code of Signals by day, Anchorage—The anchorage off Nagappattinam is open to all
6.3

and the Morse Code by night, is located 0.1 mile NNE of the but W winds; the holding ground of mud and sand is good. Ves-
old lighthouse. Flags of the International Code of Signals are sels usually anchor according to drafts and the state of the

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 167

weather, with the lighthouse bearing between 290° and 260°.

Vessels of moderate draft can take good anchorage, in a depth of
7.8m, about 1.3 miles E of the lighthouse. In heavy weather, a
short broken sea is encountered; during the Northeast Monsoon
it is inadvisable to anchor in depths of less than 9.1m.

6.4 Nagore (10°50'N., 79°50'E.) lies at the mouth of the

Vettar River, about 3.3 miles N of Nagappattinam. The river
mouth is obstructed by a bar with a least depth of 1.2m.
6.4The Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited Jetty (CPCL
Jetty) is a T-shaped facility extending about 0.7 mile seaward
from a point on the S bank of the entrance to the Vettar River.
The berthing face of the jetty is 65m long, with an alongside Karaikal Port Breakwaters
depth of 8.9m. The jetty is used to discharge crude oil for the
refinery in Nagore. from the SW at force 6 to 7. Most of the annual rainfall of near-
6.4The Marine Facility Terminal Jetty is a T-shaped facility ex- ly 1,270mm during this time, continuing into December.
tending about 0.7 mile seaward from a point about 2 miles N of During the winter dry season, the predominant winds are from
the CPCL Jetty. The berthing face of the jetty is 40m long, with the NE at force 4 to 5.
an alongside depth of 8.3m. The jetty is used to discharge eth- 6.5Tides—Currents.—The tides within the port area are
ylene. semidiurnal, rising about 0.65m at MHWS, and 0.47m at
6.4Anchorage can be taken about 1 mile E of Nagore, in depths MHWN, and about 0.2m at MLWN and 0.03m at MLWS.
of 6.4 to 8.2m. The holding ground is good, but the anchorage 6.5Depths—Limitations.—The approach channel is dredged
is considered dangerous during the Northeast Monsoon. to a depth of 14.5m. A turning circle, with radius 250m, is lo-
The coast up to 9 miles N of Nagappattinam remains very cated in the center of the harbor.
flat and low. Two rivers, obstructed by bars at their mouths, 6.5Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table Kara-
flow into the sea between Nagore and Karaikal. These rivers ikal—Berth Information.
can be navigated by flat-bottomed boats only after heavy rains. 6.5Aspect.—The harbor is protected by two breakwaters, with
their seaward extents marked by lights.
6.5 Karaikal (Karikal) Port (10°50'N., 79°52'E.) (World 6.5About 0.5 mile N of the N breakwater is the Chemplast Pipe-
Port Index No. 49370) is a coastal lagoon type harbor located line, extending about 1,300m ESE from the coastline. About
about 200 miles S of Chennai (Madras) and about 9 miles S of 0.6 mile S of the S breakwater, a jetty extends about 1,200m E
the inland city of Karaikal (10°59'N., 79°50'E.). The port is pri- from the coast.
vately operated by Karaikal Port Private Limited (KPPL) and is Karaikal Light, a white circular concrete tower, 18m in
6.5

located between the Pravadayanar River and the Vettar River. height, stands on the N bank of the Arasalar River (10°54.9'N,
Karaikal Porthandles Panamax vessels up to 75,000 dwt,
6.5
79°51.2'E).
with a maximum length of 225m and a maximum draft of Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and re-
6.5

13.0m. The port primarily handles cement, coal, rice, maize, quests should be made through the ships agents at least 3 hours
and machinery. prior to arrival.
Communications between the vessel and the pilot is carried
6.5

Karaikal Home Page out on VHF channel 71.

The pilot boards in position 10°50.2'N, 79°57.0'E, or 3 miles
6.5

[Link] ENE of the jetty for vessels bound for Sanmar Marine Termi-
nal.
Winds—Weather.—The area has a monsoon climate com-
6.5 Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA to Karaikal
6.5

prised of a wet and dry season. During the summer wet season, Port Control 7 days, 5 days, 4 days, 3 days, 2 days, 24 hours,
generally from June into October, the predominant winds are and 12 hours prior to arrival.

Karaikal—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Size Draft LOA
No. 1 260m 14.5m 99,999 dwt 13.0m 225m General/bulk cargo.
No. 2 230m 14.5m 99,999 dwt 13.0m 225m General/bulk cargo.
No. 3 360m 15.5m 120,000 dwt — — Coal.
No. 4 365m 15.5m 120,000 dwt — — Coal.
No. 9 220m 11.0m — — — General, containers, and offshore vessels.

Pub. 173
168 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

It should be noted that berthing at the Sanmar Marine Termi-

6.5 3. A circular area, with a depth of 12m, with a radius of
nal takes place only during daylight hours; unberthing takes 0.5 mile centered on position 10°51.50'N, 79°53.50'E.
place 24 hours. Vessels heading to this terminal should contact 6.5Directions.—Approach is made through a 5-mile long en-
Sanmar Port Control on VHF channel 16 at least 3 hours prior trance channel, 160m wide, and dredged to an initial depth of
to arrival. 14.5m. The channel is marked by Fairway Buoy in position
Contact Information.—See the table titled Karaikal (Kari-
6.5 10°50.42'N, 79°56.59'E, and four pair of buoys in accordance
kal)—Contact Information. with the IALA system continuing until about 600m from the
breakwaters.
Karaikal (Karikal)—Contact Information 6.5Buoys mark a turning circle within the harbor.
6.5Range light towers mark the center of the turning circle and
Port approach channel.
Call sign Karikal Port 6.5Caution.—The port remains under construction so it would
not be unusual to see dredging and other heavy equipment
VHF VHF channels 16 and 71 within the harbor area. Further development is planned for a to-
91-4365-256-600 tal of 9 deep water berths by 2016.
Telephone 6.5A dangerous wreck lies in approximate position 10°49.7'N,
91-9790-960-448 (mobile) 79°53.0'E, as seen on the chart.
Facsimile 91-4365-256-603
6.6 The coast between Karaikal and Cuddalore, about 50
E-mail enquiries@[Link]
miles to the N, is low with but few distinguishing features. Ves-
Web site [Link] sels occasionally anchor off the towns of Tranquebar, Tirumul-
laivasal, and Porto Novo.
Sanmar Marine Terminal
Tranquebar (11°01'N., 79°51'E.), a small town about 6.5
Call sign Sanmar Port Control miles N of Karaikal, lies on the N bank of a river used only by
VHF VHF channels 16 and 67 native boats. An old fort and several white houses, visible from
seaward, serve as landmarks. A grove of trees lies on the S side
Telephone 91-4368-292-846 of the town.
Facsimile 91-4365-256-473 6.6The port of Tranquebar has been closed to commercial ship-
ping.
Pilots 6.6Anchorage can be taken about 1 mile offshore, in depths of
VHF VHF channel 71 10 to 11.9m, sand and mud, with the fort bearing 281°.
6.6Tirukkadaiyur Port lies 3.3 miles N of Tranquebar. An SPM,
with a safety zone with a radius of 500m surrounding it, lies in
position 11°04'N, 79°53'E. It is connected to the shore 1.3
miles W by a submarine pipeline.
6.6A conspicuous chimney with a height of 98m stands 1.2
miles inland in position 11°04.4'N, 79°50.2'E.
6.6Two pagodas lie in the village of Kaverippattanam, about 7
miles N of Tranquebar. North of this village the coast com-
mences to rise slightly.
6.6Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies about 2.75 miles ESE off
Kaverippattanam.

6.7 Tirumullaivasal (11°15'N., 79°51'E.), a small town

about 6.5 miles N of Kaverippattanam, lies on the N bank of
the Kaveri River near the entrance. A flagstaff, 18m high, lies
close N of the low customhouse building. This flagstaff is the
only landmark visible on this part of the coast, and can be seen
over the tops of the trees when approaching from the S.
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, mud, with
6.7

the flagstaff bearing between 270° and 247°.

A shoal, about 1.5 miles long and lying parallel to the coast,
6.7

was reported to lie about 7 miles N of Tirumullaivasal and 1.5

Karaikal Light miles offshore.
The Coleroon River discharges into the sea through two
6.7

6.5 Anchorage.—Three areas are available, as follows mouths about 10 and 13.5 miles N of Tirumullaivasal. Coler-
1. A general area, with a depth of 9m, at position oon Point is the N end of a long sandy spit which extends N be-
10°48.56'N, 79°52.96'E. tween the two mouths. This point has been reported to be a
2. A circular repairing area, with a depth of 11m, with a good radar target up to 19 miles. The Coleroon River Bridge
radius of 220m centered on position 10°51.85'N, 79°52.95'E. has been reported to be a good radar target up to 24 miles.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 169

A shoal, over which the sea breaks heavily during the North-
6.7

east Monsoon, was reported to extend about 2 miles offshore

between the S mouth of the Coleroon River and a position NE
of Coleroon Point. Vessels should not shoal to a depth of less
than 27.4m by day or within a distance of 4 miles by night
along this section of coast.
The four pagodas, although about 7 miles inland, can be seen
6.7

over the trees when abeam of the Coleroon River, and have
been reported to be good radar targets up to 20 miles. Dangerous wreck ENE of Cuddalore Light
Caution.—Oil field development areas, best seen on the
6.7

chart, lie about 10 miles SE and NE of the mouth of the Coler- er.
oon River. 6.9An unmarked shifting boat channel crosses the bar at the en-
trance of the Uppanar River, about 0.8 mile S of the light. This
6.8 Porto Novo (11°30'N., 79°46'E.), a town about 3 miles channel has a least depth of 1.2m.
NW of Coleroon Point, lies on the N bank of the Vellar River 6.9A dangerous wreck with its mast visible is located about 1.2
about 1 mile within the mouth. A white flagstaff on the N bank miles ENE of Cuddalore Light.
of the river entrance and the two white boundary markers, one N 6.9All cargo is handled by boats and lighters at the anchorage.
and one S of the town, are conspicuous landmarks. About 350 lighters, from 15 to 45 tons, are available for normal
A light with a racon, is shown from a white tower with red
6.8
working hours of the port, which are from 0600 to 1800. How-
bands, 36m high, 0.8 mile N of the flagstaff. ever, permission for night operations will be considered based
on the prevailing weather conditions.
6.9Aspect.—Cuddalore Light is exhibited from a white round
concrete tower 0.2 mile W of the mouth of the Uppanar River.
A white flagstaff, 31m high and conspicuous, stands 0.6 mile
NNE of the lighthouse.

Porto Novo Light

Anchorage should be taken, in a depth of 16.5m, about 3
6.8

miles offshore, from the middle of October until nearly the end
of December. During fine weather in the other months, anchor-
age can be taken closer to shore according to draft. All cargo is
handled by native craft at the anchorage.
The coast between Porto Novo and Cuddalore, about 13
6.8

miles to the N, is low and marked by scattered trees. From the

offing, the few sand hills which are visible appear as islets.

6.9 Cuddalore (11°43'N., 79°46'E.) (World Port Index

No. 49410) port area comprises the open anchorage off the
town and the backwater formed by the confluence of the estu-
aries of the Gadilam River and the Uppanar River, both of
which are subject to heavy flooding in the rainy season.
The old town, which shows up well from the N, especially the
buildings to the E, lies on the Uppanar Backwater; the new town
lies on the Gadilam River, about 1 mile N of the old town. Cuddalore Light
6.9Depths—Limitations.—Depths off the port shoal gradually
from the 20m curve about 3.5 miles E of the port, to the 5m Cuddalore Light has been reported to be a good radar target
6.9

curve about 0.3 to 0.5 mile offshore. up to 21 miles.

6.9Chemplast Sanmar Marine Terminal (Cuddalore Marine Ter- Pilotage,—Pilotage is compulsory.
6.9

minal) lies about 4 miles S of the entrance to the Uppanar Riv- Signals.—Vessels should send their ETA 24 hours in ad-
6.9

Pub. 173
170 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

vance. age off the town.

A signal station, by which vessels can communicate by
6.9

Morse code, lies close S of the lighthouse. Storm signals are Port of Pondicherry Home Page
displayed in accordance with the Indian Extended System. Fur-
ther information on these storm signals may be found in Pub. [Link]
160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean
and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” Winds—Weather.—During the Northeast Monsoon, which
6.10

When surf conditions require the closing of the channel

6.9
usually prevails from October through January, rough seas are
across the bar, flag K of the International Code of Signals is raised, hampering cargo operations. During the rest of the year
displayed. Flag M indicates a strong ebb current; flag S indi- the prevailing wind is from the W in the morning; a choppy sea
cates a strong flood current. is raised by the SE wind in the afternoon.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Cuddalore—
6.9
Depths—Limitations.—Depths surrounding the port range
6.10

Contact Information. from the 20m curve, which lies about 2.5 miles E of the port, to
The port can be contacted weekdays only, from 0900-1300
6.9
about the 5m curve, which lies about 0.3 mile from the shore.
and from 1400-1800. The new pier is located about 0.7 mile S of Pondicherry
6.10

Light. The pier is about 287m long and 15.2m wide across the
outer face. Cargo is handled by lighters between the anchorage
Cuddalore—Contact Information
and this pier. About 50 small lighters, with a capacity of 2.5
Port tons each, are available for cargo handling.
Call sign Cuddalore Port Radio A dangerous wreck is reported to lie about 7.9 miles E of
6.10

Pondicherry.
VHF VHF channels 11 and 16 Aspect.—The low sandy shore S of the town is marked by
6.10

Telephone 91-4142-238-025 trees. The land, from 3 to 5 miles NW and N of the town, is 45
to 73m high and helps to identify the locality.
Facsimile 91-4142-238-026
E-mail cuddaloreport@[Link]
[Link]
Web site
goverment_ports.php?port=1
Chemplast Sanmar Marine Terminal
Call sign Chemplast Sanmar Port Control
VHF VHF channels 16 and 67
Telephone 91-4142-293-917
Facsimile 91-4142-293-920
E-mail mnr2@[Link]
Web site [Link]

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in a depths of 10 to

6.9

15m, about 1 mile offshore, with Cuddalore Light bearing be-

tween 265° and 295°, and also taken in depths of 15m about 5
nm SE of the light. An anchor boat will indicate the approxi-
mate position where vessels may anchor clear of the two dan-
gerous wrecks shown on the chart.
An anchorage for vessels carrying dangerous cargo is situat-
6.9

ed 2.5 miles E of the S breakwater.

Caution.—During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels are ad-
6.9

vised to anchor N of the river entrance and S of the entrance

during the Southwest Monsoon. Pondicherry Light

6.10 Pondicherry (Pondicherri) (11°56'N., 79°50'E.) Pondicherry Light (11°54.9'N., 79°49.9'E.), with a racon, is
6.10

(World Port Index No. 49430), the capital and seat of govern- shown from a white tower with black bands. A ruined iron pier
ment of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, lies about 13 miles projects E about 0.2 mile from the shore, 1 mile NNE of the
N of Cuddalore. All cargo is handled by lighters at the anchor- light.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 171

The following landmarks are conspicuous from seaward:

6.10 coconut trees on the N side of its entrance, is obstructed by a
1. A red chimney, 56m high, about 1 mile WNW of the bar. A shoal spit, marked by breakers, extends about 1 mile E
light. from the entrance.
2. Two square towers and cupola of the cathedral about 1 Sadras, a small village abreast hidden by trees, lie about 3
6.11

mile NNE. miles N of the Palar River. A brick fort, in ruins, lies on the
3. The port flagstaff, about 0.5 mile NNE of the light. coast abreast of the village and is visible from seaward.
4. A conspicuous TV tower lying 0.4 mile WSW of the The Sadras Hills, the most conspicuous hills on this part of
6.11

port flagstaff. the coast, lie about 7 to 10 miles WNW of the entrance of the
Pondicherry has been reported to be a good radar target up to
6.10 Palar River. The highest peak rises to an elevation of 215m.
18 miles. Pondicherry Hills, which lie 3 to 5 miles NW and N Finger Peak, 152m high, lies 1.3 miles ESE of this peak. A
of the town, have been reported to be good radar targets up to conspicuous temple lies on Finger Peak. Several other conspic-
24 miles. uous peaks lie in the vicinity.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not available.
6.10 Mahabalipur, a rocky point with several pagodas on it, lies
6.11

Regulations.—Local quarantine and port regulations are in

6.10 about 6 miles NNE of Sadras Fort. A light stands on a conspic-
force in Pondicherry. A copy of these regulations can be ob- uous rock about 0.5 mile within the extremity of the point. The
tained from the local port authorities. lighthouse has been reported to be a good radar target up to 16
Signals.—A signal station lies at the inner end of the new
6.10 miles.
pier at the S end of the town. Vessels can communicate with
the station by using the International Code of Signals by day
and Morse code at night.
Storm and weather signals are displayed from the signal sta-
6.10

tion; the General System is used. Further information on these

storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions
(Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean un-
der “India—Signals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Pondicherry—
6.10

Contact Information.

Pondicherry—Contact Information
Port
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
Telephone 91-413-233-7114
E-mail [Link]@[Link]
Web site [Link]

Anchorage.—During good weather, anchorage can be tak-

6.10

en, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, about 0.8 mile off the coast at
Pondicherry. From October to December, when bad weather
may be expected, it is advisable to anchor about 1 mile farther
offshore, using a good scope of chain. The holding ground is Mahabalipur Light
not very good.
Anchorage can also be taken, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, about
6.10 Tripalur Reef (12°37'N., 80°12'E.), a rocky ledge with a
6.11

0.5 mile E of the head of the new pier. At this anchorage the depth of 7.9m at its outer edge, extends about 0.8 mile E from
powerhouse chimney and Rodiar Chimney are in line, bearing Mahabalipur.
276.5°. Rockingham Patches (12°41'N., 80°15'E.), a group of shoal
6.11

patches with a least depth of 4.6m, lies up to 1.5 miles offshore

6.11 The coast between Pondicherry and Chennai, about about 4.5 miles NNE of Mahabalipur Light.
76 miles NNE, is low and backed in several places by hills
which are conspicuous for some distance seaward. 6.12 Covelong Point (12°47'N., 80°15'E.), a small projec-
Alam Parai Fort (12°16'N., 80°01'E.), in ruins, lies on the N
6.11
tion with a village on it, lies about 11 miles NNE of Mahabali-
entrance point of Kaliveli Lagoon about 22 miles NNE of pur Light. The point has been reported to be a good radar target
Pondicherry. Kadapakkam Light (12°17'N., 80°01'E.), is up to 13 miles.
shown from a masonry tower with red diagonal bands, 36m Open anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 12.8m, about 1
6.12

high, standing near the fort. A dark prominent grove of trees mile E of the village on Covelong Point. Care should be taken
lies close N of the fort. Some hills, which rise to heights of 73 to avoid the rocks, awash, which extend about 0.3 mile NE
to 198m, lie NW of the fort about 6 to 16 miles island. from the point.
The Palar River (12°28'N., 80°10'E.), marked by some tall
6.11
The low coast between Covelong Point and Chennai, about
6.12

Pub. 173
172 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

6.12 Chennai

18 miles to the N, is clear of dangers. May, there are occasional squalls from the NW, usually in the
Caution.—About 30 miles ESE of Covelong Point lies a fir-
6.12 early part of the night.
ing practice area centered at position 12°41'N, 80°45'E. Weather reports are broadcast by the radio station at Chen-
6.13

nai.
Ottivakam Hill (12°48'N., 80°07'E.), 167m high, sharp and
6.12 The climate of Chennai is considered quite hot. Even in the
6.13

conspicuous, lies 8 miles W of Covelong Point at the S end of a cooler months of December and January, the mean temperature
low range of hills which extend along this coast for 7 miles. is about 25°C.
Panchapandavar Malai (Pallavaram Hills), high and double Tides—Currents.—The tides at Chennai are semidiurnal
6.13

peaked, lie about 10 miles N of Ottivakam Hill. A temple lies and subject to a diurnal inequality which may advance or retard
on the highest peak and is prominent. St. Thomas Mount, about the times of HW and LW; this inequality may increase or di-
3 miles farther NE, is crowned by some conspicuous white minish the rise by as much as 0.3m.
buildings. Vessels may encounter a strong S current when making the
6.13

Perumbakkam Hill, 80m high and flat-topped, lies about 7

6.12 approach to the harbor.
miles NW of Covelong Point and is a fair landmark. Depths—Limitations.—The approach channel, marked by
6.13

A Submarine Exercise Area lies with its center about 20

6.12 the IALA Maritime Buoyage System (Region A), is dredged
miles ENE of Covelong Point. A good lookout should be main- and maintained at a depth of 19.2m. Vessels are to keep at least
tained in the vicinity. 0.5 mile off the channel entry unless a pilot is on board.
The harbor entrance is maintained to a depth of 18.6m, and
6.13

Chennai (Madras) (13°06'N., 80°18'E.) there is a swinging basin, 0.3 mile in diameter, lying immedi-
ately inside the harbor entrance with a maintained depth of
World Port Index No. 49450 18m. In 1986, it was reported the port could accommodate ves-
sels up to 274m length, with a draft of 16.2m.
6.13 Chennai (Madras), the capital and seat of government Bharathi Dock, the N part of the harbor, is protected by the
6.13

of Chennai State, is the principal harbor on the Coromandel North Breakwater and East Breakwater; a light stands near the
Coast and the third largest port in India. The harbor area, which head of East Breakwater. Dock 1 and Dock 3, on the E side of
is entirely artificial, fronts the center of the city, and contains Bharathi Dock, are oil berths. Dock 2, located in the NW cor-
ample berthing facilities for all classes of vessels. ner of the dock, is an iron ore berth.
A fully mechanized container terminal, with alongside chart-
6.13

Chennai Port Trust ed depths of 11.5 to 12.5m, is located on the W side of

Bharathi Dock close NW of North Pier.
[Link] The area close N of the North Pier has been dredged to 10m,
6.13

with shallower depths extending from about 18m off of it.

Winds—Weather.—Cyclones at Chennai usually com-
6.13
The S part of the harbor, forming the Inner Harbor is protect-
6.13

mence with the wind between NNW and NNE, the wind direc- ed by East Quay. The entrance lies between North Pier and a
tion changing to the E or W according to whether the port is in spur projecting from East Quay; it is 122m wide with a depth
the right-hand or left-hand semicircle of the storm. The Chen- of 9.4m and marked by lighted beacons at each side of the en-
nai coast is normally frequented by cyclones during May, Oc- trance. The protecting breakwater N of the spur is known as the
tober, and November. sheltering arm; a light stands at the head of the arm. Dr.
Rainfall is almost entirely confined to the period from No-
6.13
Ambedkar Dock (Inner Harbor) contains numerous berths
vember to January during the Northeast Monsoon. In April and alongside the quays and one fixed mooring. It has been report-

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 173

ed (2006) that the alongside depths are being increased to 15m. 3. A building, 57m high, about 1.5 miles SW of Fort St.
Jawahar Dock, entered along the mid-section of South Quay
6.13 George.
of the inner harbor, has an overall length of 655m. The S end of 4. The spire of San Thome Cathedral, 49m high, almost
the dock is used by LASH barges. It has been reported (2006) 3 miles S of Fort St. George.
that the depth in the dock has been increased to 11.5m. 5. The 40m high University Clock Tower, about 0.8 mile
Berthing information is given in the accompanying table ti-
6.13 S of Fort St. George.
tled Chennai (Madras)—Berth Information. 6. Two high radio masts close N of Fort St. George.
Chennai Fishing Harbor is located 1 mile N of Bharathi
6.13 7. Three high cooling towers about 1.5 miles NW of the
Dock and is sheltered by two extensive breakwaters which pro- Court House.
vides berths for up to 500 fishing vessels. 8. A white-domed building, 23m high, standing at the
Depths off the harbor shoal gradually from the 20m curve,
6.13 month of the Adyar River.
about 1.5 to 2 miles offshore, to a depth of 11m less than 0.3 Chennai Breakwater has been reported to be a good radar tar-
6.13

mile E of the breakwaters. get up to 8 miles. The Court House has been reported to be a
The surf N and S of the harbor generally breaks about 122m
6.13 good radar target up to 22 miles. Chennai Harbor is formed by
from the beach in fine weather and about 183m in squally two breakwaters; contained within is the inner harbor in the S.
weather. During gales from the E, breakers were observed The inner harbor extends farther S and connects into two sepa-
about 244m offshore; with an offshore wind, the surf is often rate basins, on the W with the boat basin having a yacht club, on
very high and in the form of a heavy roller. During normal the E with Jawahar Dock. The harbor is protected from the N
weather the surf wave is about 0.9 to 1.8m high, and during a and NE by North Breakwater and East Breakwater, which ex-
gale from 3 to 3.7m high. tend about 0.5 mile SE, then 0.4 mile SSW from a position 2.3
Aspect.—In the vicinity of Chennai, the low sandy shore is
6.13 miles NNE of the Fort St. George flagstaff. From the E and SE
marked by casuarina and palm trees N and S of the city. of the entrance, it is protected by East Quay and New Outer
The following landmarks are conspicuous from the offing:
6.13 Arm, which extends about 2 miles NE from the same flagstaff. A
1. The main tower of the Court House standing about 1.3 light shows from the New Outer Arm; the approach channel en-
miles SW of the outer harbor entrance. trance lies about 3.5 miles ENE of the light.
2. Fort St. George, with its 52m high flagstaff about 0.5 Foul areas are centered 2 miles N and 2 miles ESE from the
6.13

mile S of the Court House. harbor entrance.

Chennai (Madras)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Draft LOA
Container Terminal I
CTB1 220m 13.4m 294m
CTB2 200m 13.4m 306m Containers, reefer, bunkers, and general cargo. Continuous berthing
CTB3 200m 13.4m 306m length of 885m.
CTB4 285m 13.4m 306m
Container Terminal II
SCB1 227m 15.0m 294m
SCB2 270m 15.0m 300m Containers, reefer, and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of 832m.
SCB3 275m 15.0m 300m
Bharathi Dock
Clean products, crude, bunkers, and dirty products. Berthing length of
BD1 30m 14.6m 280m
355m (including dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, crude products, dirty products, iron ore,
BD2 309m 16.5m 280m multipurpose, and bunkers. Berthing length of 382m (including
dolphins).
Clean products, crude products, dirty products, and bunkers. Berthing
BD3 33m 16.5m 333m
length of 325m (including dolphins).
Car Export Ro-Ro Terminal
WQ1 170m 11.0m 183m Chemicals, dirty products, vegetable oils, cruise vessels, and PCC.
WQ2 170m 12.0m 232m Continuous berthing length of 850m with WQ3 and WQ4.

Pub. 173
174 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Chennai (Madras)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Draft LOA
Dr. Ambedkar Dock
Chemicals, fertilizer, grain, cruise vessels, bunker, multipurpose, and
CB 170m 12.0m 345m
breakbulk.
Chemicals, dirty products, cruise vessels, bunkers, multipurpose, and
NQ 198m 8.5m 165m
breakbulk.
SQ1 246m 9.5m 98m Chemicals, dirty products, fertilizer, ro-ro passengers, and breakbulk.
SQ2 179m 9.5m 152m Chemicals, dirty products, fertilizer, bunkers, and breakbulk.
WQ3 170m 12.0m 228m Chemicals, fertilizer, grain, cruise vessels, and breakbulk. Continuous
WQ4 170m 11.0m 157m berthing length of 850m with WQ1 and WQ2.
Jawahar Dock
JD No. 1 218m 11.5m 200m
JD No. 2 218m 13.5m 229m
JD No. 3 218m 12.0m 200m Chemicals, dirty products, fertilizer, breakbulk, and vegetable oils.
JD No. 4 218m 13.5m 225m Continuous berthing length of 654m.
JD No. 5 218m 12.0m 225m
JD No. 6 218m 11.0m 225m

Vessels less than 230m long await the pilot in Waiting Area
6.13

No. 1, about 1 mile NE of the harbor entrance. Vessels 230m

long and over board the pilot in Waiting Area No. 2, about 1.5
miles further NE.
Vessels bound for the Chemical Pipeline Terminal board the
6.13

pilot in the waiting area centered on position 13°13'04.2''N,

80°21'54.6''E.
A strong reliable pilot ladder, equipped with manropes, must
6.13

be provided, otherwise the pilot will not board. Masters of ves-

sels are cautioned to leave ample room for the pilot to maneu-
ver the vessel for entering the harbor.
When approaching the harbor or the anchorage, a sharp
6.13

watch should be kept for signals from the Port Signal Station.
Ships’ agents normally pass berthing messages to vessels
through the Port Signal Station and only in case of failure do
they contact vessels by radio.
Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Madras Pilots) on VHF
6.13

channels 12, 14, and 16.

Regulations.—Copies of the port regulations for the Port of
6.13

Chennai are available to entering vessels. Instructions and reg-

ulations which masters should be cognizant of before arrival
are, as follows:
1. Only one vessel at a time may enter or leave the har-
Chennai (Madras) Light bor.
2. Ballast, bilge water, and trash shall not be pumped or
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 200 gt.
6.13 thrown overboard within the limits of the port.
No merchant vessel is allowed to enter or leave Chennai Har- 3. All ocean-going vessels entering or leaving the port
bor without a pilot on board, unless prior permission has been between sunrise and sunset must fly their national flag, and
given in writing by the Conservator of the port. when entering, each vessel must show her number.
Vessels are taken in or out of the harbor at any time of the
6.13 4. Vessels remaining outside the harbor, but within the
day or night. Movements in and out of Jawahar Dock are re- roadstead or port limits, are required to take positions, with
stricted to the hours between 0600 and 2200 daily. allowances made for swinging room, well clear of the en-

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 175

trance of the harbor. shore winds. There is usually a swell from seaward which
5. The master of any vessel arriving at Chennai Road- causes vessels to labor or roll considerably.
stead, with explosives on board as cargo, must give immedi-
ate notice thereof to the pilot or harbormaster. Chennai (Madras)—Contact Information
6. Vessels arriving with explosives on board are not per-
mitted to enter the enclosed harbor. They are moored at the Port Authority
explosives anchorage E of the harbor entrance, where the ex- 91-44-2531-2000
plosives are discharged into lighters. The maximum quantity Telephone
91-44-2536-2201
of explosives which can be handled is 125 tons.
7. Vessels carrying explosives in transit are not permit- Facsimile 91-44-2536-1228
ted to enter the harbor, nor will they be allowed to discharge E-mail info@[Link]
the cargo at the explosives anchorage.
Vessels may obtain radio pratique upon request, not more
6.13
Web site [Link]
than 12 hours or less than 4 hours prior to arrival. Otherwise, Port Control
pratique is granted by the Port Health Officer upon arrival.
Customs officials board a vessel at its berth or mooring in-
6.13
Call sign Port Control
side the harbor. VHF VHF channels 10 and 16
Vessels should send their ETA 48 hours in advance.
6.13

Vessels should obtain permission from Port Control prior to 91-44-2538-8216

6.13

Telephone
anchoring in the waiting areas. 91-44-2531-2777
Signals.—The Port Signal Station is located on the Harbor
6.13

Office on the seaward end of the Transit Shed and Passenger Signal Station
Terminal on North Pier. International Code of Signals Flags 91-44-2536-1652
and Morse code are employed. It has been reported that at a Telephone
91-44-2531-2535
distance of 2 or 3 miles from the harbor, the signal tower can
easily be mistaken for one of the breakwater light structures. Chennai Container Terminal
A black ball, displayed at the Port Signal Station, indicates a
6.13
Telephone 91-44-2590-9798
vessel in the harbor is getting underway and will be leaving the
harbor. Vessels approaching the harbor should, until the pilot Facsimile 91-44-2590-0485
assumes control, remain clear of the outer end of the sheltering E-mail [Link]@[Link]
arm and allow sufficient sea room for the outbound vessel.
Vessels about to leave should display the International Code
6.13
Web site [Link]
flag N at the fore; vessels about to enter should display Interna- CITPL Terminal
tional Code pennant 4 at the fore. Neither of these signals
should be displayed until the pilot is aboard. Telephone 91-44-2561-3000
Storm and weather signals are displayed at the signal station
6.13 E-mail contact@[Link]
on North Quay in accordance with the Extended System. Fur-
Web site [Link]
ther information on these storm signals may be found in Pub.
160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean Pilots
and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Call sign Madras Pilot
During the prevalence of suspicious or threatening weather,
6.13

or upon the warning signal being displayed, the master of every VHF VHF channels 12, 14, and 16
vessel anchored within the limits of the roadstead is required:
1. Not to be absent from the vessel between sunset and Vessels which are not awaiting berth on arrival are not to an-
6.13

sunrise. chor N of latitude 13°06'N, and within Pilot Boarding Area No.
2. To keep the vessel prepared in every respect to pro- 1 or Pilot Boarding Area No. 2, without prior approval from
ceed to sea on short notice. Port Control.
3. To proceed to sea without waiting for instructions A stranded wreck, with masts exposed, lies about 0.9 mile
6.13

should it be deemed it prudent to do so. SE of the harbor entrance. It is marked by a lighted buoy lying
4. When the danger signal is displayed, to take such 0.2 mile NE.
measures for securing the safety of the vessel as may be con- An Examination Anchorage area is shown on the chart.
6.13

sidered necessary. No further instructions on that point will Vessels of less than 230m in length should embark the pilot
6.13

be furnished by port authorities. in Waiting Area No. 1, located about 1 mile E of the harbor en-
Masters of vessels must use their own discretion whether to
6.13
trance; those of more than 230m in length should embark the
proceed to sea or remain in the harbor in cyclonic weather. pilot in Waiting Area No. 2, located 3.3 miles ENE of the har-
Preference for mooring berths will be given to vessels with bor entrance.
bulk cargo and to those vessels which have broken their cargo. At night, vessels should not anchor, in depths of less than
6.13

Contact Information.— See the table titled Chennai (Ma-

6.13
16.5m. A second anchor should be ready to let go and all an-
dras)—Contact Information. chors should be buoyed.
Anchorage.—Chennai Roadstead is open to all except off-
6.13
A submarine cable extends offshore from a position approxi-
6.13

Pub. 173
176 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

mately 1 mile S of the Fort St. George flagstaff. for handling ro-ro, general, container, bulk and liquid cargoes.
Vessels carrying explosives must anchor in the explosives
6.13 The N part of the harbor is dredged to 16m (2017), and the S
anchorage located about 1 mile E of the harbor entrance. Such part, including the turning circle, to 18.5 (2016). Minor Port
vessels are required to display a red flag by day and a red light consists of a PLEM located 2.75 miles S of the main harbor. It
at night. is used to discharge ammonia directly into a processing plant.
Vessels unable to enter the harbor during periods when cy-
6.13
Kamarajar is a 24-hour port.
clones may be expected should anchor well offshore and be
ready to put to sea before the wind shifts to the NE. Vessels re- Kamarajar Port Home Page
maining at anchor or anchoring too far in during such times
may find it impossible to get away and are likely to be driven [Link]
ashore.
Caution.—Vessels are advised to be on the lookout for pi-
6.13 Depths—Limitations.—The port has two breakwaters;
6.14

rates attempting to board at night, especially in the vicinity of North Breakwater is 3,080m long while South Breakwater is
the pilot boarding area. 1,070m long. The entrance channel, about 3,775m long and
The roadstead fronting the harbor area is subject to a heavy
6.13 250m wide, is dredged (2016) to a depth of 19m. The harbor
surf. It is reported (2019) that buoys can be difficult to identify basin is dredged to a depth of 16m.
due to muted colors and corrosion. A restricted area, best seen Dredged depths may be affected by siltation; port authorities
6.14

on the chart, in which anchoring is prohibited due to submarine should be consulted for the latest depths.
cables , lies 5 miles SW of Chennai. Details of the berths are shown in the table titled Kamarajar
6.14

Port—Berth Information.
6.14 Kamarajar Port (Ennur) (Ennore) (13°16'N., Aspect.—Range lights, in line bearing 282.5°, lead through
6.14

80°20'E.) (World Port Index No. 49454) a port located about 7 the channel. There is a racon at the N. breakwater head light.
miles N of Chennai. Kamarajar Major Port comprises of a har- Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and is
6.14

bor protected by breakwaters, which contains jetties and berths available 24 hours. The pilot boards, as follows:

Kamarajar Port—Berth Information

Berth Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Remarks
Length Alongside Size Length Draft Beam
Adani Ennore Container Terminal
Container Containers and reefers. Continu-
400m — — 365m 15.0m —
Berth ous berthing length of 730m.
Automobile Terminal
Automobile
250m 10.0m 70,00 0dwt 230m 6.2m 32m PCC and bunkers.
Berth
Chettinad International Coal Terminal
Coal Berth 347m 15.0m 150,000 dwt 260m 13.5m 33m Coal and bunkers.
North Chennai Thermal Power Station
CB1 280m 15.0m — 240m 13.5m — Coal and bunkers. Continuous
berthing length of 560m. An loa
CB2 280m 15.0m 77,000 dwt 240m 13.5m — increase possible with harbor-
master permission.
CB3 354m — 180,000 dwt — — — Coal.
CB4 336m — 180,000 dwt — — — Coal. Under construction (2021).
Sical Terminal
Coal and iron ore. Under
Coal Berth 347m 15.0m — — 13.5m —
construction (2021).
Small Craft Jetty No 1
East 90m — — — — —
Bunkers. Mooring small crafts,
North 10m — — — — —
tugs, auxiliary vessels.
West 90m — — — — —

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 177

Kamarajar Port—Berth Information

Berth Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Remarks
Length Alongside Size Length Draft Beam
Small Craft Jetty No 2
East 90m — — — — —
Bunkers. Mooring small crafts,
North 10m — — — — —
tugs, auxiliary vessels.
West 90m — — — — —
Small Craft Jetty No 3
East 90m — — — — —
Bunkers. Mooring small crafts,
North 10m — — — — —
tugs, auxiliary vessels.
West 90m — — — — —
EID Parry Ammonia Terminal
CBM — 15.0m 20,000 dwt 180m — 33m Chemicals and LPG.
Ennore Tank Terminals Pvt Ltd (ETTPL)
Chemicals, clean products, crude
MLT1 360m 15.0m — 300m 13.5m —
products, and LPG.
LNG Terminal
LNG. Berthing length of 350m
LNG Berth 60m — — 290m — —
(including dolphins).

1. In Kamarajar Major Port Waiting Area, centered on 2. Draft forward and aft.
position 13°12.2’N, 80°23.1'E. 3. Cargo grade and quantity on board.
2. In Kamarajar Minor Port Waiting Area, centered on 4. ETA at Fairway Lighted Buoy (in local time).
position 13°13.1’N, 80°21.9’E. 5. Local agent.
3. In Kamarajar, the waiting area for the Major and Mi- Contact Information.—See the table titled Kamarajar—
6.14

nor port is centered on 13°13.0’N, 80°23.3’E. Port Control Contact Information.

will normally allocate an outer anchorage for vessels waiting Anchorage.—Anchorage lies 2 miles N of the Fairway
6.14

to enter; the usual anchorage lies 2 miles N of Fairway Lighted Buoy. Waiting areas are located as follows:
Lighted Buoy (safe water) in depths of 25m, mud and sand In Kamarajar Main Port Waiting Area, centered on position
6.14

bottom. 13°15'00.0''N, 80°23'15.6''E.

6. In Kamarajar Minor Port Waiting Area, centered on
position 13°13'04.8''N, 80°21'56.4''E.

Kamarajar—Contact Information
Port Authority
91-44-2525-1666
Telephone
91-44-2525-1670
Facsimile 91-44-2525-1665
E-mail info@[Link]
Kamarajar Port Web site [Link]
Regulations.—Vessels should report their ETA by facsimile
6.14
Port Control
or e-mail to Kamarajar Port Control 48 hours, 24 hours, and 3 Call sign Kamarajar Port Control
hours in advance. Any changes of more than 2 hours should be
immediately reported. Vessels should also contact Kamarajar VHF VHF channels 16, 74, and 77
Port Control 3 hours prior to entering or leaving the harbor ion 91-44-2795-0030
VHF channel 16 or 74. Telephone
91-44-2795-0040
6.14 The ETA message should contain the following information:
Facsimile 91-44-2795-0002
1. Vessel’s name, call sign, gt, nrt, dwt, loa, and beam.

Pub. 173
178 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Kamarajar—Contact Information
info@[Link]
E-mail
gm-ms@[Link]
Ennore Minor Port Operators (Coromandel
International Ltd)
91-44-2575-2300
91-44-2575-2310
Telephone
91-44-2575-2320
91-44-2575-2330 Kattupalli Port
Facsimile 91-44-2575-2311 14m (2017) and the approach channel to the MFF Jetty is
dredged to 9m (2016). Dredged depths are generally main-
Pilots tained but siltation is liable to occur, port authorities should be
Call sign Kamaragar Port Control contacted for the latest depths.
Two berths are located in the NW corner of the harbor. Con-
VHF VHF channel 74
6.15

tainer Berth 1 (13°18.7’N, 80°20.8’E) is 350m long with a

depth of 14m. Container Berth 2 (13°18.8’N, 80°20.9’E) is
Anchorage is prohibited in the vicinity of the charted
6.14
360m long with a depth of 14m. Two 260m long berths are lo-
ammonia discharge berth and pipeline. cated on either side of the shipyard (13°18.4’N, 80°20.9’E).
Directions.—Outer Front and Rear Range Lights, in line
6.14
Both berths are 25m wide and have a charted depth of 10m.
bearing 324.4°, lead through the outer entrance channel, A Finger Jetty (13°18.5’N, 80°20.9’E) is situated in the N
6.15

dredged to 20m (2016) and marked by lighted buoys, passing part of the shipyard. It is 200m long and 20m wide with two
between Lighted Buoy No. 1 and Lighted Buoy No. 2, to a po- berths, each with a depth of 10m. An additional berth
sition E of the entrance to Ennore Creek. (13°17.8’N 80°20.8’E) serves the MFF in the SW corner of the
Inner Front and Rear Range Lights, in line bearing 344.5°,
6.14
harbor. The MFF Jetty is 100m long with depth 9m.
lead through the inner entrance channel, dredged to 19m Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 100gt.
6.15

(2016) and marked by lighted buoys, between Lighted Buoy The pilot boards in position 13°18.3’N, 80°23.4’E.
No. 5 and Lighted Buoy No. 6, WSW of North Breakwater Contact Information.—See the table titled Kattupalli—
6.15

Head, from which a light is exhibited. A lighted buoy marks Contact Information.
the W edge of the channel, 0.1 mile W of the North Breakwater
Head, leading ENE of South Breakwater Head, from which a Kattupalli—Contact Information
light is exhibited, into the harbor basin. The berths may then be
approached directly. Port Control
VHF VHF channels 16 and 73
6.15 Kattupalli Port (13°15'N., 80°20'E.), a port located
N of Kamarajar, handles containers, lighters, and general car- Telephone 91-44-2796-8500
go, in addition to being a major shipbuilding and ship repair Facsimile 91-44-2796-8515
center.
Tides—Currents.—Tides are semi--diurnal and similar in
6.15
E-mail marine@[Link]
character to those at Chennai. The mean spring range is 1.0m Port Conservator
with a mean neap range of 0.4m.
Depths—Limitations.—The harbor is entered through a
6.15
Telephone 91-44-2796-8545
180m wide dredged channel marked by light buoys. There are Facsimile 91-44-2796-8515
two 1-mile long breakwaters protecting the harbor. Inside the
E-mail tnmb@[Link]
breakwaters is a turning circle, 570m in diameter, and the main
berthing area. A separate dredged channel leads to Modular Port Authority
Fabrication Facility (MFF) Jetty 2. The container berths are lo- 91-44-246-41232
cated in the N half of the harbor, with a finger jetty and a ship Telephone
lift facility to the S. In the S half of the harbor, a decommis- 91-44-249-34481
sioned sea water intake for the Chennai Petroleum Corporation Facsimile 91-44-249-51632
Limited (CPCL), extends 500m NE from a sea island, which is
linked to the shore by a 500m long causeway. A jetty serving L E-mail [Link]@[Link]
and T’s offshore platform and floating production unit MFF is Tugs
located just N of the root of the S breakwater.
Development (2018) continues with construction of a further
6.15
VHF VHF channel 16
berth on the N harbor wall
The approach channel to the commercial port is dredged to
6.15 6.15 Anchorage—Two outer anchorage areas are located N of

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 179

the pilot boarding position. The N anchorage is for dangerous

cargo; the S anchorage is unrestricted. A dumping ground in
position 13°19.8’N, 80°24.3’E is located NE of the anchorage
areas.

Chennai (Madras) to Machilipatnam

6.16 The coast between Chennai and Machilipatnam, about
240 miles N and NE, is low, sandy, and marked by a number of
small towns.
Ennur Shoal (13°17'N., 80°23'E.), with depths of 0.9 to
6.16

8.5m, extends 2.5 miles NE from a position on the coast about

10.5 miles NNE of Chennai Harbor.
Pulicat Shoals (13°22'N., 80°23'E.), a chain of hard, sandy
6.16

patches with depths ranging from 4.3 to 9.1m, extends about

7.5 miles NNE from the N end of Ennur Shoal. Several de-
tached patches, with depths of 8.2 to 11m, lie within 3.8 miles
N and NNW of the N end of Pulicat Shoals. These shoals were
reported to be extending to the E.
Armagon Shoal (13°54'N., 80°18'E.), with depths ranging
6.16

from 3 to 9.1m, extends about 15 miles N from a position 1.5

miles NE of Point Pudi. A narrow, detached shoal, about 2.5
miles long, with depths of 10 to 11m, lies close N of the N end
of Armagon Shoal. The sea sometimes breaks over the shal-
lowest part of Armagon Shoal. Pulicat Light
A shoal, with a least depth of 4.9m, lies about 2.3 miles off-
6.16

shore abreast of Tummalapenta (14°54'N., 80°04'E.). The 6.17 The coast between Ennur and Pulicat, about 10.8
depths are very irregular in the vicinity of this shoal and up to 7 miles to the N, is backed by an extensive plain which is densely
miles N of it. wooded near the beach. The town of Pulicat lies on an island at
Mutapolli Bank (15°26'N., 80°21'E.), with depths of 6.4 to the S end of Pulicat Lake and is visible from the offing. A tall
11m, lies centered about 11 miles E of Kottapatnam. Overfalls conspicuous monument lies close N of the lighthouse near the
usually mark this bank. Two detached shoals, with depths of 10 beach.
to 11m, lie within 5.8 miles SW and three detached shoals, Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11.9 to 12.8m, with Pu-
6.17

with depths of 9.1 to 11m, lie within 11.3 miles NE of this licat Light bearing 270°, distant 2.5 miles. There is a racon at
bank. the light.
Tides—Currents.—The currents N of Chennai vary consid-
6.16 The Nagari Hills (13°34'N., 79°37'E.) lie about 30 to 45
erably in velocity and direction and sometimes set toward the miles inland abreast Pulicat and the coast to the N. Nagari
land. Great caution is necessary. Nose, a sharp peak 858m high with its upper part crooked, lies
In the vicinity of Pulicat Shoals, the current is weak and sets
6.16 about 45 miles W of Pulicat Light. This peak is visible only in
parallel to the coast. clear weather.
In the approach to Blackwood Harbour, the current along
6.16
A beacon lies about 13 miles NNW of Pulicat Light but is
6.17

this part of the coast, which includes Armagon Shoal, usually not conspicuous from seaward.
sets with the prevailing wind, but at times reverses itself. The coast between Pulicat and Point Pudi, about 22 miles
6.17

The current off False Divi Point sets parallel to the coast with
6.16
NNW, is marked by casuarina plantations for about 11 miles N
the prevailing monsoon, having its greatest velocity near the of Pulicat Lake. A conspicuous clump of coconut trees, 24m
185m curve about 8 miles offshore. high, lies on a sand hill about 1 mile S of Point Pudi.
In Nizampatam Bay, weak tidal currents are experienced in-
6.16
Point Pudi (13°47'N., 80°15'E.), a low sandy point, is
6.17

shore only at spring tides. marked by clumps of palm trees. Armagon Shoal, which ex-
During March, the current off Divi Point has been found to
6.16
tends N from Point Pudi, has been previously described in
set E at a rate of 1.5 knots. The coast between Chennai and En- paragraph 6.15.
nur, about 9.5 miles NNE, is bordered by plantations of casua- Armagon Light is shown from a white round concrete tower
6.17

rina and palm trees. A conspicuous white temple, 10.7m high, with red bands, lying near the coast 7 miles NNW of Point Pu-
lies about 6 miles NNE of Chennai (Madras) Light (13°02'N., di.
80°17'E.) a factory and a conspicuous water tower lie 7.5 miles Gudali Hill (14°01'N., 80°01'E.), about 13 miles NW of the
6.17

NNE of the same light. A prominent water tower, 35m high, disused lighthouse, is flat and 90m high with a pagoda near its
lies 0.5 mile NE of the above-water tower. center. The hill is conspicuous except from positions near the
Caution.—Care should be taken when navigating along this
6.16 outer part of Armagon Shoal.
section of coast between Chennai and Machilipatnam because A beacon lies on the shore about 13 miles NNW of the dis-
6.17

the land is often obscured by haze. used lighthouse.

Pub. 173
180 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

An anchorage, formerly known as Blackwood Harbor, lies

6.17 Regulations.—Vessels should report their ETA either
6.18

between Armagon Shoal and the coast to the W. through their agent or directly to Port Operations by e-mail
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9.1m, good holding
6.17 (poc@[Link]) 7 days, 5 days, 48 hours, and
ground, with the disused lighthouse at Armagon bearing be- 24 hours, in advance.
tween 282° and 290°. During the Southwest Monsoon, anchor- The ETA message should contain the following information:
6.18

age can be taken with the disused lighthouse bearing 259°, 1. Draft forward and aft.
distant 2.8 miles. 2. ETA at the pilot boarding station.
Vessels approaching the anchorage should not shoal to a
6.17 Signals.—Storm signals are shown; the Brief System is
6.18

depth of less than 30m until the disused lighthouse bears 207°, used. Further information on these storm signals may be found
or Gudali Hill bears 259°. Gudali Hill should then be steered in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
for on this heading, passing N of Armagon Shoal in depths of tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
11m. Contact Information.—See the table titled Krishnapat-
6.18

nam—Contact Information.
6.18 Krishnapatnam (14°15'N., 80°08'E.), a bulk port,
lies near the mouth of the Upputeru River about 28 miles NNW Krishnapatnam—Contact Information
of Point Pudi. This port has become one of the newest deep-
water ports along the Indian coast. Coasting vessels usually an- Port Authority
chor about 2 miles seaward of the river entrance, in depths of 91-861-237-7999
10.1 to 11m, but this anchorage is only safe during good
weather. Krishnapatnam Light, 30m high, has a racon. Telephone 91-970-412-3987
91-970-412-3989
Krishnapatnam Port Facsimile 91-861-237-7046
[Link] secretarytoceo@[Link]
E-mail
info@[Link]
Depths—Limitations.—The approach channel is about 6.5
6.18

Web site [Link]

miles long with a width of 250m and a depth of 22m. Detailed
berth information can found in the accompanying table titled Port Control
Krishnapatnam—Berth Information.
VHF VHF channels 12, 16, and 69
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory.
6.18

Pilots board, as follows:

6.18
Telephone 91-970-412-3311 (mobile)
1. Boarding Position A (for vessels with a draft less than Facsimile 91-861-237-7046
10m)—In position 14°14'30''N, 80°12'30''E.
2. Boarding Position B (for vessels with a draft between E-mail portcontrol@[Link]
10 and 16m)—In position 14°14'51''N, 80°15'18'E. Port Operations
3. Boarding Position B1 (for vessels with a draft greater
than 16m)—In position 14°15'12''N, 80°17'42''E. E-mail poc@[Link]

Krishnapatnam—Berth Information
Berth Length Depth Remarks
General Cargo Terminals
S4 440m 18.7m Aggregates, coal, ro-ro, lo-lo, and breakbulk.
Krishnapatnam Port Container Terminal (KPCT)
N1 299m 16.7m Containers, reefers, and bunkers. Maximum draft of 13.5m. Continuous berthing
N2 299m 16.7m length of 1,196m with N3 and N4.
Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd Terminal (KPCL)
N3 299m 15.0m
Breakbulk and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of 1,196m with N1 and N2.
N4 299m 15.0m
N5 300m 19.5m
Coal and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of 600m.
N6 300m 19.5m
N7 300m 18.7m
Coal and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of 600m.
N8 300m 18.7m

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 181

Krishnapatnam—Berth Information
Berth Length Depth Remarks
North West Dock Terminal
NW1 424m 15.0m Chemicals, fertilizer, iron ore, mineral ore, breakbulk, multipurpose, and bunkers.

Anchorage.—Recommended anchorage areas have been

6.18 beach.
established, as follows: Between Isakapelle and Ramayapatnam, about 19 miles to
6.19

1. Anchorage Area A (for vessels less than 180m loa), the N, the coast continues low and sandy for 7 miles, but be-
with depths of 13.4 to 16.7m, is bounded by lines joining the comes tree covered for the remaining distance.
following positions:
a. 14°14.0'N, 80°12.0'E. 6.20 Ramayapatnam Village (15°03'N., 80°03'E.) is
b. 14°14.0'N, 80°13.8'E. marked by a church and some high clumps of casuarina trees.
c. 14°12.0'N, 80°13.8'E. The red church spire is visible over the trees. Tettu Temple,
d. 14°12.0'N, 80°12.0'E. white in color and 41m high, lies 2 miles W of the village, but
2. Anchorage Area B (for vessels greater than 180m is not very prominent. Ramayapatnam Light, 37 meters in
loa), with depths of 16.9 to 20.9m, is bounded by lines join- height, is shown from a hexagonal concrete tower lying on the
ing the following positions: coast 0.8 mile NE of the church at Ramayapatnam.
a. 14°14.5'N, 80°13.8'E. Between Ramayapatnam and the town of Kottapatam, about
6.20

b. 14°14.5'N, 80°15.8'E. 25 miles NNE, the coast remains low and sandy. Several de-
c. 14°12.0'N, 80°15.8'E. tached clumps of casuarina trees lie near the coast between Ra-
d. 14°12.0'N, 80°13.8'E. mayapatnam and the entrance to the Upputeru River, about
3. Anchorage Area B1 (unrestricted), with depths of 10.5 miles to the N. Singarayakonda Temple, painted red, lies
21.5 to 36.0m is bounded by lines joining the following posi- on a 51m high hill about 3.5 miles W of the Upputeru River,
tions: and is one of the few conspicuous landmarks between Ramay-
a. 14°14.5'N, 80°15.8'E. apatnam and Kottapatam. The rising ground near the temple is
b. 14°14.5'N, 80°18.4'E. visible in places between the trees.
c. 14°12.8'N, 80°18.4'E.
d. 14°12.8'N, 80°15.8'E.
4. Anchorage Area C (quarantine), with depths of 9.4 to
10.9m, lies centered in position 14°16.6'N, 80°11.2'E.

6.19 Casuarina plantations line the coast up to 3 miles N of

the mouth of the Upputeru River, then abruptly changes to sand
hills for 5 miles and becomes low and sandy as far N as the
Penner River, about 13 miles farther N.
Shallinger Shoal (14°23'N., 80°12'E.), a spit with depths of
6.19

3.2 to 4.6m, extends about 2.5 miles NE from the coast, 7.5
miles N of the mouth of the Upputeru River. A detached 5.5m
patch lies 1.5 miles S of the NE extremity of Shallinger Shoal.
The Penner River Entrance (14°35'N., 80°11'E.) is not eas-
6.19

ily distinguished as the river enters the sea behind a sandy

point which is only 1m high. Nellore, the chief town of the dis-
trict, lies on the S bank of the river about 15 miles inland. A
white pagoda lies on a high hill about 6 miles W of Nellore, but
is not very prominent. The pagoda is sometimes visible be-
tween the bearings of 248° and 293°.
During fine weather with offshore winds, anchorage can be
6.19
Ramayapatnam Light
taken off the mouth of the Penner River, in depths of 9.1 to
12.8m, sand and mud, about 1.5 miles offshore. The Palleru River (15°19'N., 80°06'E.), marked by a beacon
6.20

A flagstaff, visible above the trees, lies on the beach at Isaka-

6.19 on its S entrance point, discharges about 6 miles N of the Up-
pelle Village about 10 miles NNW of the mouth of the Penner puteru River mouth.
River. Kandalur and Konijedu, two hills connected by a ridge, lie
6.20

Nishanbotu (14°42'N., 79°56'E.), the N end of a mountain

6.19 about 11 miles W of Kottapatam and are useful marks. Chi-
range which parallels the coast, lies 10 miles WSW of Isaka- makurti, 638m high, lies 22 miles WNW of Kottapatam and is
pelle. also a useful mark.
Anchorage can be taken off Isakapelle, in depths of 12.8 to
6.19 Kottapatam (15°26'N., 80°10'E.), of little importance com-
6.20

14.6m, sand and mud, about 1 mile offshore SE of the flagstaff. mercially, lies about 1 mile inland. A prominent white obelisk,
The holding ground is good, but a heavy surf sets onto the about 15m high, lies about 1 mile NW of the town.

Pub. 173
182 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

A shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 1.5 miles off-
6.20 Point and is maintained as a landmark.
shore and from 3 to 5 miles NE of the town. Depths of 7.3m and
less lie between this shoal and the shore. Shoal patches, with Machilipatnam to Godavari Point
depths of 5.5 to 8.5m, lie up to 7 miles E of the town. Mutapolli
Bank has been previously described in paragraph 6.15. 6.22 The coast between Machilipatnam and Godavari Point,
During good weather, anchorage can be taken 2.3 miles off-
6.20 about 97 miles distant, is generally low, sandy, and intersected
shore, in a depth of 9.1m, with Kottapatam bearing 295°. by several rivers. The shore in places is densely wooded, and be-
Depths should not be shoaled to less than 18.3m until certain of tween the mouth of the Gautami Godavari and Godavari Point,
the vessel’s position. the terrain is very low. Along this latter section of coast distances
judged by eye may be in error because of sand haze.
6.21 Nizampatam Bay (15°42'N., 80°33'E.) lies between Ravva Oil Field Development Area, best seen on the chart,
6.22

Kottapatam and False Divi Point, about 41 miles ENE, and re- extends up to 15 miles offshore. There are numerous lit and un-
cedes about 14 miles to the N. Except for the shoals in the vi- lit structures and submerged obstructions in the area. Not all
cinity of Mutapolli Bank, the bay is free from dangers and its hazards may be charted.
shores may be approached with safety to a depth of 9.1m. Subsurface moorings have been established E to SE of the
6.22

A backwater is formed 4 to 6 miles NNE of Kottapatam by

6.21 development area as follows:
the confluence of the Mudigorda Yeru River and the Gund- 1. 16°17.7'N, 82°22.8'E.
lakamma River. During fine weather, the latter river is available 2. 16°07.9'N, 82°17.2'E.
to small boats. 3. 16°25.1'N, 82°23.7'E.
A beacon lies about 0.5 mile within the Mudigorda Yeru
6.21 4. 16°18.6'N, 82°17.1'E.
River. 5. 16°12.0'N, 82°20.1'E.
From the mouth of the Gundlakamma River, the bay shore
6.21 6. 16°21.0'N, 82°18.6'E.
curves NE for about 35 miles to the entrance of a creek leading 7. 16°21.9'N, 82°19.2'E.
to the town of Nizampatam. Dindi House, a large building with Between Machilipatnam Point and Godavari Point, no other
6.22

a big high tree close E of it, lies on the N entrance point of the dangers exist seaward of the 20m curve which lies between 1.5
creek. A light is shown from a white tower, 30m high, with red and 10 miles offshore. Between the mouth of the Gautami Go-
bands. davari and Godavari Point the 15m curve never lies more than
Between Dindi House and False Divi Point, almost 13 miles
6.21 2.5 miles offshore.
to the SE, the coast remains low and sandy. A beacon lies on Sacramento Shoal (16°32'N., 82°20'E.), hard shifting sand,
6.22

the NW entrance point of a boat creek about 5 miles E of Dindi lies off the entrance to the Gautami Godavari and extends
House. about 4 miles SE and 3.5 miles E from Sacramento Light.
False Divi Point (15°43'N., 80°50'E.) is low and covered by
6.21 Depths over this breaking shoal range from 2.7 to 5.5m. This
small mangroves. shoal is subject to frequent changes in position and depth.
A bank, which dries in patches, extends about 1 mile S and
6.21 Tides—Currents.—The current from January through April
6.22

about 3 miles W of False Divi Point. sets steadily to the NE along the coast between Machilipatnam
Anchorage can be taken in Nizampatam Bay, in a depth of
6.21 and Godavari Point. In the vicinity of Sacramento Shoal a rate
9.1m, mud, about 6 miles offshore, with Dindi House and the of 4 knots is usually experienced about 5 miles offshore.
conspicuous tree at Nizampatam bearing 021°. The current in the bay to the W of Narasapur Point is weak
6.22

Coastal vessels can anchor, in 9.1 to 11m, sand and mud,

6.21 and variable.
about 1.5 miles off the village of Vadarevu, 19 miles NNE of Caution.—D1-D3 Gas And Oil Field Development Area
6.22

the Gundlakamma River. A flagstaff and a conspicuous bunga- and MA Gas and Oil Field Developments Area, best seen on
low lie on the shore fronting the village. the chart, lie NE of Sacramento Shoal. Anchoring and trawling
A submarine cable and pipeline area has been established be-
6.21 are prohibited in these areas. Lighted platforms, pipelines, and
tween the Godavari River entrance and False Divi Point. The other hazards to navigation are located within these areas.
limits of this area, known as the Ravva Oilfield Development
Area, may best be seen on the chart. Anchoring and fishing are 6.23 Machilipatnam (Masulipatam) (16°09'N., 81°09'E.)
prohibited. (World Port Index No. 49460), the only port of the Krishna
The Krishna River (15°45'N., 80°54'E.) rises in Bombay
6.21 District, lies about 5 miles within the mouth of the creek of the
State and flows E across the peninsula of India, into the Bay of same name about 11 miles N of Divi Point. Vessels anchor in
Bengal by several branches, the mouth of one being near False the roadstead to handle all cargo to and from native lighters.
Divi Point. New Machilipatnam Light is shown from a white, round,
6.23

The enormous amount of silt carried by the river has formed

6.21 concrete tower with black bands, 3.8 miles NNE of the mouth
a wide alluvial delta which extends seaward between the towns of Machilipatnam Creek.
of Nizampatam and Machilipatnam. Divi Point is the SE ex- The gates of the tidal lock have been closed and the wharves
6.23

tremity and False Divi Point is the SW extremity of the delta. are not used. The old wharves are partially destroyed and are
Ocean-going local craft use the river for about 6 months of the used by fishing vessels. A new wharf, 60m long, lies E of the
year. old wharves and is also used by fishing vessels.
Krishna Old Light, a white masonry tower, 44m high, lies
6.21 Groynes are under development to protect the entrance to the
6.23

about 9.5 miles ENE of False Divi Point. Another old light- creek and to increase depths at the entrance.
house, a similar structure, 15m high, lies 2.3 miles NW of Divi Depths in the approach to the port range from 11m, about 5.3
6.23

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 183

mile E of the entrance of the creek, to a depth of 1.8m about 1 the few objects that can be identified between the entrance of
mile offshore. The mouth of the creek is blocked by sand banks the Gautami Godavari and Hope Island to the N. The temple is
and can only be navigated at HW by vessels with a draft of less not conspicuous.
than 1.5m. Hope Island (16°49'N., 82°20'E.), one of a chain of similar
6.24

When approaching the port, the following objects are promi-

6.23 islands which form part of the delta of the Godavari River, is
nent: low, swampy, and covered with jungle. A black and white
1. Karameda Beacon, 13.7m high, about 5 miles SSW of banded, disused lighthouse stands on Hope Island.
the New Machilipatnam Light, is tilted on its base 10° to Anchorage can be taken by small vessels with local knowl-
6.24

15°. edge E of Masanutippa, in a depth of 7.3m, mud, about 1 mile

2. A chimney, with an elevation of about 29m, 1.5 miles offshore. Anchorage can also be taken 2 miles S of Sacramento
NNW of Karameda Beacon. This chimney is reported to be Light in a similar depth.
the first object sighted when approaching from the E.
Storm and weather signals are displayed at Machilipatnam;
6.23 6.25 Dhirubhai-1 Terminal (16°42'N., 82°41'E.) is an FP-
the General System is used. Further information on these storm SO located within the MA Gas and Oil Field Development Ar-
signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning ea.
Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India— Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is carried out by the
6.25

Signals.” Loading Master. The Loading Master boards in position

Anchorage.—The roadstead is large and the holding
6.23 16°54'N, 82°29'E. Vessels should contact the terminal upon ar-
ground, fine sand and mud, is good. rival at the Loading Master boarding position.
From January through September, vessels should anchor ac-
6.23 Regulations.—Vessels should send their initial ETA mes-
6.25

cording to draft, with the lighthouse bearing 270°, and from sage via facsimile or e-mail when they begin the voyage to the
October through December, with the lighthouse bearing 288°. terminal. The ETA should be updated 96 hours, 72 hours, 48
hours, 24 hours, and 12 hours prior to arrival at the pilot board-
6.24 The coast between Machilipatnam and Narasapur ing position. Additional notification must be send if the ves-
Point, about 32 miles ENE, is low, sandy, and densely wooded sel’s ETA varies from the original ETA by more than 6 hours.
in places. If the vessel’s ETA changes by more than 1 hour after the 12-
An inconspicuous beacon, about 6.1m high, stands on the
6.24 hour notice, the vessel must promptly notify the terminal of the
coast 11.5 miles NE of New Machilipatnam Light. A beacon revised ETA.
stands on the coast 19.3 miles NE of the same lighthouse.
Upon arrival at the terminal, vessels should make contact on
Narasapur Point (16°18'N., 81°43'E.), low and wooded,
6.25

lies on the E side of the mouth of the Vasishta Godavari, which VHF channel 16, changing to VHF channel 68 or 72 for final
is the southernmost branch of the Godavari River. An obelisk, instructions.
Berthing allowed only between 0600 and 1500.
24.4m high, lies about 1 mile N of the point.
6.25

A restricted zone, bounded by a circle with a radius of 3

Antarvedi Light, with a racon and a radiobeacon, is shown
6.25

6.24

miles centered on the FPSO, surrounds the terminal. Vessels

from a white square masonry tower with red bands standing 0.3
are not permitted to enter the restricted zone unless permission
mile ENE of the obelisk.
has been granted and clear instructions have been received
Between Narasapur Point and the mouth of the Vainateyam
6.24

from the terminal.

Godavari River, about 15 miles ENE, the low coast is densely
Vessels are prohibited from drifting within a circle with a ra-
wooded. The entrance to this river is occasionally known as
6.25

Warreo; during freshets, a spit forms off it. Two large promi- dius of 10 miles centered on the terminal but should remain
nent clumps of casuarina trees lie on the E side of the river en- within VHF range.
Departing vessels shall advise the terminal when they have
trance. This section of coast may be approached safely to
6.25

depths of 18.3m. cleared the boundary of the restricted zone.

Contact Information.—See the table titled Dhirubhai-1
During January and February, the current sets W at a maxi-
6.25

6.24

Terminal—Contact Information.
mum rate of 2 knots off the coast between Narasapur Point and
the mouth of the Vainateyam Godavari River.
The entrance of the Gautami Godavari lies about 23 miles
6.24
Dhirubhai-1 Terminal—Contact Information
ENE of the entrance of the Vainateyam Godavari. Only small Port Authority
craft with local knowledge can enter the river in fine weather.
The river is joined by two tributaries close within its mouth;
6.24
Call sign C6VZ8
during the rainy season the ebb current may attain a rate of 4 VHF VHF channels 16, 68, and 72
knots.
Telephone 47-35-542-355
The coast between the mouth of the Gautami Godavari and
6.24

Godavari Point, about 24 miles to the N, is very low and inter- Facsimile 47-35-542-356
sected by many small outlets.
583-43089-4410
Sacramento Shoal, which lies off the mouth of the Gautami
6.24
Telex
Godavari, has been previously described in paragraph 6.21. 583-43089-4411
Masanutippa Temple (16°39'N., 82°19'E.) stands near the E-mail captain1@[Link]
coast, about 3 miles N of the Gautami Godavari, and is one of

Pub. 173
184 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Godavari Point to Vishakhapatnam heavily over these dangers with a moderate swell, but not in
good weather.
6.26 Godavari Point (16°59'N., 82°20'E.) is the N extrem- The channel between these rocks and the mainland is safe
6.26

ity of a low sandy spit and narrow sand bank, which forms a only during daylight. At night, vessels should keep in depths of
part of the coast N of Hope Island. It had been reported (1974) over 35m when Santapilli Light bears between 322° and 290°.
the point had extended to a position 0.8 mile NW of Godavari The summit of an isolated bare red double-peaked hill, 117m
6.26

Point light, shown from a white pillar with black bands on Go- high, about 2 miles N of Santapilli Light, in line bearing 304°
davari Point. with Kandivalasa Peak, leads N of Santapalle Rocks. Santapilli
The coast between Godavari Point and Ganjam, about 215
6.26 Light in line bearing 322° with Kandivalasa Peak, leads S of
miles NE, is mostly low, sandy, and backed by conspicuous these rocks.
hills at various distances inland. Between Pudimadaka, about
50 miles NE of Godavari Point, and Kalingapatam, about 80 6.27 Kakinada Bay (Cocanada Bay) (17°00'N., 82°19'E.)
miles farther NE, the coast is broken and rocky. Some of the (World Port Index No. 49470), a shallow body of water filled
headlands in the vicinity of Vishakhapatnam are bold and with extensive drying mud flats at its head, is entered between
prominent. The coast between Kalingapatam and Ganjam be- Godavari Point and the coast about 2.8 miles WNW. For many
comes fairly regular with a few slight indentations. years the bay has been silting up because of the discharge from
Tides—Currents.—The current between Godavari Point
6.26 the Godavari River, about 8 miles S of the entrance, but is the
and Bhimunipatnam lies farther offshore than off Sacramento safest natural harbor on the E coast of the Indian subcontinent.
Shoal, but its velocity is less. Inshore of this current, slack wa- The town and port of Kakinada lie on the W side of the bay,
ter is usually found. Tidal currents will sometimes be experi- about 2 miles within the entrance of the Kakinada River.
enced close offshore. In July and August, the velocity of the
offshore current is less than 1 knot. The low bay shores are subject to periodic inundations
6.27

The currents off the coast from Bhimunipatnam to Gopalpur,

6.26
during cyclonic storms.
between December and June, are mainly influenced by the The port of Kakinada (Cocanada) (17°00'N., 82°17'E.) com-
6.27

wind, the tidal current, even at springs, having very little effect. prises a partly-exposed anchorage located about 3 to 4 miles
In December and January, when NE winds prevail, the current NNE of the entrance of the Kakinada River and is suitable for
about 1 mile offshore sets steadily SW parallel to the coast at a ocean-going vessels; cargo is transported by lighters between
velocity of 0.5 to 0.8 knot. the anchorage and the wharves on the river bank abreast of the
Toward the end of February, the wind hauls around to the
6.26
town. A floating LNG facility is planned for Kakinada.
SW, and in March, blows steadily from that quarter. In the
morning the wind is generally light, but freshens during the af- Kakinada Port
ternoon to a force of 5 to 6. The current at this time sets NE
[Link]
parallel with the coast; its velocity close inshore is about 0.5
knot. At 10 miles or more off the coast, its velocity is frequent-
ly 2 to 3 knots. Tides—Currents.—Tidal current effects are noticeable
6.27

The greatest velocity of the current observed between San-

6.26
nearly 0.5 mile off Godavari Point. The current follows the
tapalle Rocks and the mainland was 1 knot. contour of the land, with the flood current having a maximum
Depths—Limitations.—Between Godavari Point and Gan-
6.26 velocity of 0.5 knot and the ebb current having maximum ve-
jam there are no known or charted dangers between the 18m and locities of 1.5 to 2 knots.
35m curves. The former curve lies between 0.5 and 6 miles off- In Kakinada Bay, the flood current sets SW and the ebb cur-
6.27

shore and the latter curve between 2 and 9 miles offshore. rent sets NE. These tidal currents are strong at springs, espe-
Santapalle Rocks (Chintapalli Rocks) (18°01'N., 83°43'E.),
6.26
cially from October to February, and must be taken into
with a least depth of 1.5m and dangerous wrecks close E, lie consideration when approaching in this vicinity.
between 5.5 and 6 miles SE of Santapilli Light. The sea breaks Tides at Cocanada are semi-diurnal.
6.27

Kakinada—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Length Draft
OSV Terminal
O1 90m 90m 8.5m Offshore support.
O2 40m 90m 8.5m Offshore support.
O3 90m 90m 8.5m Offshore support.
O4 90m 90m 8.5m Offshore support.
O5 40m 90m 8.5m Offshore support.
O6 90m 90m 8.5m Offshore support.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 185

Kakinada—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Length Draft
O7 118m 90m 8.5m Offshore support.
O8 100m 184m — Offshore support.
11 207m 170m 10.0m
12 207m 170m 10.0m Offshore support. Continuous berthing length of 621m.
13 207m 170m 10.0m
14 230m 183m — Offshore support.
Main Cargo Terminal
Berth 1 250m 295m 14.0m
Berth 2 250m 295m 14.0m
Berth 3 250m 295m 14.0m Chemicals, clean products, LPG, vegetable oils, alumina,
fertilizer, breakbulk, multipurpose, coal, containers, and
Berth 4 250m 295m 14.0m animal feed. Continuous berthing length of 1,910m.
Berth 5 300m 295m 14.0m
Berth 6 300m 295m 13.0m
PSA Kakinada Container Terminal (KCTPL)
Vegetable oils, sugar, containers, steel products, fishing
Berth 7 350m 295m 14.0m vessels, breakbulk, multipurpose, and reefer. Continuous
berthing length of 1,910m.

Depths—Limitations.—The coastal waters in the approach

6.27 In the approach to the port Godavari Point Light and Vaka-
6.27

to Kakinada Bay have shoaled considerably more than shown lapudi Light are conspicuous landmarks.
on the chart. Depths are reported to be 2.7m less than charted. Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels using Deep
6.27

The port is approached through a dredged channel, marked

6.27 Water Port. The vessel’s agent makes the request for pilotage
by lighted buoys and a range light, The channel has been wid- 72 hours prior to arrival. The pilot station can be contacted on
ened and depths less than charted exist. VHF channel 14 or 16.
Depths S of a line drawn between Godavari Point and Vaka-
6.27 Pilots board, as follows:
6.27

lapudi Light to the NW shoal gradually to a depth of less than 1. Vessels with a draft greater than 11.5m—In position
1.8m about 4 miles to the S. Depths N and E of this line range 17°01.0'N, 82°22.5'E.
from 7.3 to 11m, about on the meridian of Godavari Point. Depths 2. Vessels with a draft less than 11.5m—In position
in the dredged buoyed channel leading to the barge facilities on the 17°00.1'N, 82°20.8'E.
banks of the Kakinada River average about 2.1m. Depths along- Pilotage is not required for the Anchorage Port.
6.27

side the lighter wharves range from 1.2 to 2.1m. Regulations.—Vessels using the Anchorage Port should ad-
6.27

Kakinada Deep Water Port consists of a main jetty with six

6.27 vise their agent of their ETA. Vessels should also obtain bear-
cargo berths and one OSV berth. Vessels up to 230m with a ing position from the harbormaster to ensure safe anchorage in
maximum beam of 32.4m and maximum draft of 13m at HW the Anchorage Port.
can be accommodated. Two OSV finger jetties have been con- Vessels carrying dangerous cargo are not allowed to transit
6.27

structed with a permissible length of 90m and 8.5m draft. Rec- the port at night.
lamation and construction in the container area has been Signals.—A signal station is located at Vakalapudi Light.
6.27

completed (2015). Vessels can communicate with the station by Morse code.
Lighterage Area M1, which has been designated for lighter-
6.27 Contact Information.—See the table titled Kakinada—
6.27

age operations, has a radius of 1 mile centered on a position Contact Information.

about 7.5 miles ESE of Godavari Point, as seen on the chart. A
designated anchorage for vessel awaiting lighterage operations
Kakinada—Contact Information
lies about 3 miles NW of Lighterage Area M1 and is also best
seen on the chart. Anchorage Port
Details of the berths are shown in the table titled
6.27

VHF VHF channel 16

Kakinada—Berth Information.
Aspect.—North of Kakinada, the land appears bold, with
6.27
91-884-237-6129 (Port Officer)
Telephone
high land extending NE. South of the port, the low sandy coast 91-884-236-3825 (Port Director)
is marked by some sand hills and trees.

Pub. 173
186 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Kakinada—Contact Information hills then appear and continue as far as Pentakota, about 16
miles farther NE.
91-884-236-7055 (Port Officer) Round Hill (17°22'N., 82°16'E.), 653m high, lies about 22
Facsimile
6.28

91-884-236-7055 (Port Director) miles N of Vakalapudi Light and shows up well from positions
near Kakinada.
E-mail dirofports@[Link] Uppada (17°04'N., 82°20'E.), a port of call for small local
6.28

Deep Water Port coasters, lies on the coast about 4.5 miles NE of Vakalapudi
Light.
VHF VHF channels 12, 14, and 16
Pentakota, a small village, lies at the mouth of a river about
6.28

91-884-660-1111 (office) 21 miles NE of Uppada. A coconut grove lies near two fairly
high sand hills near the entrance of the river. A white temple
91-884-236-5889 (office)
Telephone stands on a high hill about 4 miles NW of the village. Sudikon-
91-884-660-1000 (docks) da, a high cone-shaped hill, lies 2.5 miles N of the same vil-
91-884-236-8246 (docks) lage. Both the temple and the hill are good landmarks. The hill
is the most conspicuous because of its shape and color.
91-884-238-5402 Between Pentakota and the Dolphin’s Nose, about 45 miles
6.28

Facsimile 91-884-238-5403 ENE, the coast is backed by a series of rounded hills which lie
on a plain and show up well at night. A prominent white obe-
91-884-238-5404 lisk stands on rising ground about 4 miles NE of Pentakota and
E-mail mailkkd@[Link] 0.5 mile inland.
A beacon stands on a small very prominent rocky eminence
6.28

Web site [Link] at Pata Polavaram, about 13 miles ENE of Pentakota. Sanjib
Peak, a remarkable conical mountain with a flattened broken
Anchorage.—Anchorage in the bay, E of Vakalapudi Light,
6.27 summit, rises to a height of 652m about 11 miles NW of Pata
is subject to considerable ground swell from the SE, even when Polavaram.
there is no wind. Anchorage may be obtained 2.25 miles ESE Wattara (17°25'N., 82°52'E.), a small village, lies at the
6.28

of Vakalapudi Light, in a depth of about 9m. Safe anchorage common entrance of three small rivers, about 3.4 miles ENE of
may also be obtained, in a depth of about 6m, about 3.25 miles Pata Polavaram.
SE of Vakalapudi Light. There is very little tidal current at A beacon stands on a 185m high hill abreast of Rambilli Vil-
6.28

these anchorages. lage about 4.8 miles ENE of Wattara.

Directions.—During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels should
6.27 Pudimadaka Village (17°30'N., 83°00'E.) lies on the shore
6.28

make a landfall near Pentakota, 30 miles NE of Kakinada, and of a bight about 4 miles NE of Rambilli Beacon. A red stone
should then run along the coast in depths of not less than temple, with three towers, lies in the village.
21.9m. By day, when Vakalapudi Light bears about 248°, Pillar Rock (17°29'N., 83°01'E.), 9.1m high, lies about 0.3
6.28

course should be shaped for the anchorage. At night, Vakalapu- mile SSE of Pudimadaka Village. This rock and some dark
di Light should be kept on that bearing until the depths de- cliffs on the coast show up prominently against the white sandy
crease to 18.3m, when course should be altered to 230°, beaches. A ledge of rocks lies between Pillar Rock and the
keeping the Kakinada River Entrance Light on that bearing coast, and serves as a breakwater during the Southwest Mon-
when sighted until reaching the channel lighted buoys. soon.
Caution.—Vessels are advised not to anchor between 1 mile
6.27 Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9.1m, with Pillar Rock
6.28

and 1.8 miles N and NW of Godavari Point Light, because of bearing 214° and the sheds on the beach bearing 282°.
the numerous wrecks which lie in this area. Some of these The coast between Pudimadaka Village and the Dolphin’s
6.28

wrecks are dangerous to surface navigation. Nose, about 20 miles NE, is rocky and backed by a hilly plain.
Significant changes to depths within Kakinada Bay and the
6.27 Conspicuous sandy patches mark the SW sides of some of
approaches have occurred (2015). Mariners are advised to con- these hills. A rock on the beach, about 4 miles NE of Pillar
sult the local authorities for the latest information. Rock, appears as a low, black, double rock when viewed from
There is a foul patch about 0.4 mile NNW of the point, with
6.27 the NE. Kutu Konda, a prominent small rocky headland
dangerous wrecks within 0.5 mile N of the foul patch. Other marked by a beacon, lies about 10.5 miles ENE of Pillar Rock.
foul areas, best seen on the chart, lie NNE and NE of Godavari
Light. 6.29 Gangavaram (Gangavarem) (17°38'N., 83°15'E.) lies
Extensive developments, including the construction of
6.27 about 4.5 miles NE of Kutu Konda and has been developed as
wharves and breakwaters and the establishment of dredged ar- an all-weather deep-water multi-purpose port. The port handles
eas and dumping grounds, have taken place in Kakinada Bay. several types of bulk cargo. Its limits are best seen on the chart.
Depths may also be less than charted.
A significant amount of tug and barge traffic proceeds to and
6.27

from vessels at the anchorage. Mariners should exercise cau- Gangavaram Home Page
tion when entering or leaving the channel. [Link]
6.28 The coast, up to 10 miles NE of Vakalapudi, is low
and marked by numerous villages and coconut trees. Low sand 6.29 Depths—Limitations.—The outer channel has a dredged

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 187

depth of 20.2m. The inner harbor and turning basin have been Gangavaram—Contact Information
dredged to a depth of 19.5m. These depths are subject to
change due to silting from strong currents. Facsimile 91-891-270-3377
The port can handle vessels with a maximum size of 200,000
6.29
portcontrol@[Link]
dwt. Details of the berths are shown in the table titled
Gangavaram—Berth Information. E-mail dc@[Link]
Aspect.—Pigeon Island (17°37'N., 83°14'E.), 21m high and
6.29 marine@[Link]
rocky, lies in a small bay 5 miles NE of Kutu Konda.
Web site [Link]
Dolphin’s Nose (17°41'N., 83°17'E.), a bluff headland 163m
6.29

high, is conspicuous when viewed from the NE or SW. A light-

house with a racon, two radio masts, and a flagstaff stand on Anchorage.—Eleven anchorage locations are available for
6.29

Dolphin’s Nose. the port, in depths between 22 and 50m, from 2 to 8 miles
Dolphin’s Nose has been reported to be a good radar target
6.29
offshore, which can best be seen on the chart.
up to 17 miles. Caution.—A wreck with a depth of 20.4m lies about 3.1
6.29

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels. Pilots

6.29
miles ENE of Dolphin’s Nose.
board in position 17°37.0’N, 83°17.5’E. Submarine Exercise Areas lie centered 20 miles SSE and E
6.29

In bad weather, the pilot will guide the vessel until boarding
6.29 of Dolphin’s Nose. A good lookout should be maintained when
is possible. transiting these areas.
Regulations.—Vessels should send an ETA and quarantine
6.29

message, along with a request for a pilot, via their agent, at Vishakhapatnam (Vizag) (17°41'N., 83°18'E.)
least 96 hours in advance.
Vessels should establish VHF contact with the port 2 hours
6.29
World Port Index No. 49480
prior to arrival. Vessels are also required to maintain a continu-
ous listening watch on VHF channel 16 when at anchor. 6.30 Vishakhapatnam, a port of growing importance and
Contact Information.— See the table titled Ganga-
6.29
the fourth largest port in India, lies at the mouth of the Megh-
varam—Contact Information. adri River, close NW of Dolphin’s Nose. Port limits extend
from Dolphin’s Nose Light in the direction of 160° for 4.3
miles, then in the direction of 038° for 7.5 miles, then in the di-
Gangavaram—Contact Information
rection of 270° to a pillar on Scandal Point, 2 miles NE of the
Port harbor entrance. Petroleum and iron ore products are the prin-
cipal exports.
Call sign Gangavaram Port
The only shipyard in India capable of building ocean-going
VHF VHF channels 14 and 16 merchant vessels is in operation within the harbor area. Ample
Telephone 91-891-288-9999 berthing facilities are available to accommodate all classes of
vessels.

Gangavaram—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Size LOA Draft
Gangavaram
1 240m 14.0m 40,000 dwt 194m 13.5m Breakbulk and bunkers.
2 285m 15.5m 80,000 dwt 230m 14.5m Coal, fertilizer, bunkers, and multipurpose.
3 275m 15.5m 80,000 dwt 230m 15.0m Coal, fertilizer, bunkers, and others.
4 340m 19.5m 200,000dwt 292m 17.7m Iron ore and bunkers.
5 320m 19.5m 200,000 dwt 292m 17.7m
Coal. Continuous berthing length of 675m.
6 355m 19.5m — 292m 17.7m
7 235m 15.5m — 200m 14.5m Bauxite, fertilizer, bunkers, and multipurpose.
8 275m 15.5m — 230m 14.5m Bauxite, bunkers, and fertilizer.
9 325m 15.5m — 200m — Breakbulk, bunkers, and multipurpose.
Petronet LNG Terminal
FSRU Berth — — — — — LNG. Under construction (2021).

Pub. 173
188 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Vishakhapatnam Home Page best seen on the chart. It has been reported (2014) recent dredging
has increased the depth in the harbor to 20m.
[Link] In 2007, it was reported that vessels up to 225m long, with a
6.30

maximum beam of 32.5m and a maximum draft of 9.25m

Winds—Weather.—Southwest winds prevail from March
6.30
could be accommodated in the Inner Harbor and only daytime
to August; NE winds prevail from October to December. navigation was allowed.
During the day, the NE winds are fresh, but at night they are Detailed berth information can be found in the accompany-
6.30

light and westerly. Heavy, windy, rain squalls occur during Oc- ing table titled Vishakhapatnam—Berth Information.
tober and November, but most of the rainfall occurs from June Aspect.—The landmarks which lie on Dolphin’s Nose have
6.30

through November. been previously described in paragraph 6.28.

A considerable swell is experienced almost all year in the vi-
6.30
Vishakhapatnam Fishing Harbor is separated from Outer
6.30

cinity of the port. Vessels have remained in the harbor with Harbor by Groin No. 2 which connects to East Breakwater and
safety during cyclonic weather. it is entered between N end of the East Breakwater and North
The climate is subtropical and varies from warm to hot, with
6.30
Breakwaters. A light shows at the end of the North Breakwater.
high humidity throughout the year. Maximum temperatures oc- Several jetties extend NE from Groin No. 2 with a depth of
cur in May, while minimum temperatures are usually recorded 4.5m alongside the quayage.
in December and January. Through May, June, and July, tem- Lights in line, bearing on 234.5°, located 0.2 mile SW of the
6.30

peratures often exceed 38°C. North Breakwater Light, leads into the fishing harbor. A short
Tides—Currents.—From about August to November, the
6.30
breakwater extends SW from a position on the shore 0.3 mile
current sets SW; from about the middle of December through NE of the head of North Breakwater and a light shows from its
June, it sets NE. Inside the 35m curve, the current is much head.
weaker than farther offshore. Close offshore tidal currents will In 1988, the work in the shipyard was completed and the fer-
6.30

sometimes be experienced. ry berths were in use.

Depths—Limitations.—In the seaward approach to the har-
6.30
A conspicuous white chapel, 68m high, lies on the summit of
6.30

bor, a depth of 18.2m exists about 0.4 mile E of the head of Ross Hill on the N side of the harbor entrance channel about 1
South Breakwater. mile NNW of Dolphin’s Nose Light. A conspicuous minaret
The outer entrance channel between the outer breakwaters is
6.30
lies on the E side of Dargah Hill about 0.2 mile E of the chapel.
183m wide and maintained to a depth of 19m prior to the entrance A conspicuous signal station lies at an elevation of 65m on
and to a depth of 18m beginning just inside the breakwaters, as Sand Hill about 1.25 miles NE of the chapel.

Vishakhapatnam—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside LOA Draft
Visakha Container Terminal (VCT)
Containers and bunkers. Maximum vessel size of
VCTPL 450m 16.5m 320m 14.5m
100,000 dwt
Inner Harbor
Fertilizer, coal, mineral ore, steel products, and break-
East Quay 1/1A 280m 16.1m 235m 14.5m
bulk.
East Quay 2 — 16.1m 225m 14.5m
East Quay 3 — 16.1m 225m 14.5m Fertilizer, coal, grain, others, steel products, bunkers, and
East Quay 4 — 16.1m 225m 14.5m breakbulk. Continuous berthing length of 510m.
East Quay 5 — 16.1m 225m 14.5m
Chemical gases, coal, fertilizer, iron ore, steel products,
East Quay 6 280m 12.1m 235m 11.0m
and breakbulk.
Coal, fertilizer, steel products, and breakbulk. Continu-
East Quay 7 255m 16.1m 235m 14.5m
ous berthing length of 535m.
East Quay 8 255m 16.1m 235m 14.5m Fertilizer, coal, and bunkers.
Fertilizer, coal, and bunkers. Continuous berthing length
East Quay 9 255m 16.1m 235m 14.5m
of 435m.
Bio fuels, chemicals, and bunkers. Continuous berthing
East Quay 10 180m 11.8m 160m 11.0m
length of 435m. Maximum vessel size of 45,809 dwt.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 189

Vishakhapatnam—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside LOA Draft
Oil Refinery No 1 183m — 225m 10.06m Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products, crude, LPG,
Oil Refinery No 2 183m — 225m 9.75m and dirty products. Continuous berthing length of 366m.
West Quay 1 212m 14.0m 235m 13.5m Coal, fertilizer, iron ore, steel products, breakbulk. Con-
West Quay 2 226m 14.0m 235m 13.5m tinuous berthing length of 1,123m.
West Quay 3 201m 14.0m 235m 13.5m Coal, iron ore, steel products, breakbulk, bunkers. Con-
West Quay 4 243m 12.1m 235m 11.0m tinuous berthing length of 1,123m.
Alumina, coal, iron ore, steel products, chemicals, break-
West Quay 5 241m 12.1m 235m 11.0m bulk, multipurpose. Continuous berthing length of
1,123m.
West Quay 6 255m 15.5m 235m 14.0m Petcoke, steel products, breakbulk, and bunkers.
West Quay 7/ 8 560m 16.1m 235m 14.5m Alumina, breakbulk, and bunkers.
RE WQ-1 164m 12.0m 199m 10.0m Coal, fertilizer, others, breakbulk, and bunkers.
Fertilizer Berth 173m 10.7m 195m 9.75m Chemical gases, fertilizer, multipurpose, and bunkers.
Outer Harbor
Clean products, dirty products, and LPG. Berthing length
LPG Jetty — 16.0m 230m 14.0m
of 371m (including dolphins).
New Oil Mooring
— 16.0m 250m 15.0m Clean products, crude, and dirty products.
(NOM)
Iron ore and bunkers. Berthing length of 402m (including
Ore Berth No. 1 270m 18.1m 300m 16.5m
dolphins).
Iron ore and bunkers. Berthing length of 402m (including
Ore Berth No. 2 270m 20.0m 300m 17.5m
dolphins).
SBM — — 333m 22.0m Crude and bunkers.
STS Anchorage — 28.5m — — Crude.
Vedanta General
Cargo Berth 356m 20.0m 300m 18.1m Coal, breakbulk, containers, and bunkers.
(VGCB)
Offshore Tanker Clean products, crude, and bunkers. Berthing length of
— 19.0m 280m 17.0m
Terminal (OSTT) 408m (including dolphins).

North of the port area, Circuit House flagstaff, 2.8 miles

6.30 3. A pilot is required to be on board a vessel whenever a
NNE, and the University clock tower, 3.5 miles NE of Dol- tug is employed.
phin’s Nose Light, are also conspicuous from the offing. 4. Sailing vessels of 100 gt or greater shall not enter or
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for power-driven and
6.30 leave the harbor unless towed by one or more tugs.
ocean-going vessels over 100 gt who wish to enter, depart, or 5. No ballast may be thrown or discharged overboard
shift berth within the harbor area. Pilots board in approximate within the harbor limits.
position 17°40.3'N, 83°19.8'E. Signals.—Signal Station No. 1, with a flagstaff 26m high,
6.30

Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 48 hours and

6.30 lies midway on the East Breakwater about 1 mile E of Ross
24 hours in advance. Vessels planning to enter the harbor on Hill.
the same day of arrival should arrive off the entrance prior to Signal Station No. 2 (Dufferin Signal Station), with a flag-
6.30

2100. staff, lies on the W side of Ross Hill, close E of another flag-
The following local port regulations are in force:
6.30 staff, 68m high.
1. Only one vessel may enter or leave the harbor at a Sand Hill Signal Station lies about 1.8 miles NNE of the
6.30

time. Dolphin’s Nose Light.

2. Tugs are maintained to assist vessels, as necessary, in These stations communicate visually with vessels approach-
6.30

entering the harbor or shifting berths. ing or departing the harbor.

Pub. 173
190 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

The following signals are displayed for the use of entering

6.30 room for vessels entering or departing. Anchors should be
and departing vessels: buoyed.
1. Signal Station No. 1, upon sighting a vessel approach- Anchorage is prohibited in an area at the inner end of the en-
6.30

ing the port, displays the International Code Flag P until the trance channel, as shown on the chart.
pilot answers by the entering signal An Examination Anchorage Area, best seen on the chart, is
6.30

2. Vessels entering the harbor must display International situated ENE of East Breakwater.
Code Pennant 4 and enter only after Signal Station No. 1 has A lighterage anchoring area, best seen on the chart, is locat-
6.30

repeated the signal hoist. A green metal pennant with a white ed about 4 miles E of the East Breakwater.
circle hoisted at Signal Station No. 1 and Signal Station No. Two naval anchorage areas, shallow water and deep water,
6.30

2 indicates the channel is clear for shipping. are situated about 1.2 miles SSW and 0.8 mile SE, respectively,
3. A vessel waiting to enter the harbor should, if Interna- of Waltair Point. A naval tanker anchorage area is located
tional Code Pennant 1 is displayed at Signal Station No.1, about 3.2 miles ENE of the point.
keep well clear of the entrance to allow the departing vessel Anchorages for petroleum tankers are situated 1.5 and 3
6.30

plenty of room. miles SE of Dolphin’s Nose Light. A gas and explosives an-
4. Vessels about to leave should display International chorage lies 3.5 miles SSE of the light.
Code Pennant 1 and proceed only after Signal Station No. 2 It has been reported (1996) that during the Northeast Mon-
6.30

has repeated the signal hoist. soon, vessels at anchor lie to the current, bow NE, regardless of
5. A vessel entering or departing at night and requiring a wind and swell.
pilot displays a white light over a red light where it can best Directions.—Vessels approaching the harbor should pass
6.30

be seen by the signal stations. through a position about 7 miles bearing 135° from Sand Hill
Storm and weather signals are displayed; the General System
6.30 Light, then steer 315° until a depth of 18.3m is sounded.
is used. Further information on these storm signals may be Course should then be altered to bring the lighted entrance bea-
found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South cons in line bearing 278.6°, which leads through the entrance
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” channel between the breakwater heads and into the harbor. The
Contact Information.— See the table titled Vishakhapat-
6.30 alignment of the various channel reaches leading into the inner
nam—Contact Information. harbor are well defined by lighted range beacons.
The coast between Vishakhapatnam and Bhimunipatnam,
6.30

Vishakhapatnam—Contact Information about 16 miles NNE, continues hilly.

Caution.—There have been a number of pirate attacks on
6.30

Port merchant vessels in this area. Mariners are advised to keep a

Vizag Port sharp lookout, especially at night, for pirates attempting to
Call sign board their vessel.
Vizag Control A submarine oil pipeline, best seen on the chart, is laid be-
6.30

VHF VHF channels 12 and 16 tween the shore (17°40.9'N, 83°17.8'E) and a SPM (17°39.1'N,
83°18.9'E). A restricted area, radius 1.5 miles, is centered on
Telephone 91-891-256-2758
the SPM. Numerous dangerous wrecks lie to the W of the pipe-
Facsimile 91-891-256-5023 line about 1 mile from shore.
Numerous changes have occurred in depths, maintained ar-
E-mail info@[Link]
6.30

eas and turning circles within the harbor. Mariners are advised
Web site [Link] to consult the local authorities for the latest information.
Container Terminal
Vishakhapatnam to Ganjam
Telephone 91-891-255-0966
Facsimile 91-891-272-1891 6.31 Waltair Point (17°44'N., 83°21'E.), about 4.3 miles
NE of the Dolphin’s Nose Light, is low, sandy, and backed by
E-mail vct@[Link] red sand hills which show up well from the offing at times.
Web site [Link] Two houses on the side of a small hill about 4.5 miles NE, and
the ruins of two houses on the summit of the Kailasa Range al-
Coal Terminal most 4 miles N, respectively, of the N entrance point of
Telephone 91-891-253-2828 Vishakhapatnam Harbor, are prominent. Rushi Hill, 154m
high, conspicuous and topped by a beacon, lies 3.8 miles NNE
Web site [Link] of Waltair Point. Uppada Konda, about 3.5 miles farther NNE,
are 127m high and have the appearance of flat table lands with
Anchorage.—Vessels waiting to enter the harbor should
6.30 steep seaward faces. The high land terminates about 4 miles N
anchor, in a depth of 22m, about 1.5 miles E of Dolphin’s Nose of Rushi Hill and continues low as far as the Gostani River
Light. about 4 miles farther NNE. A few isolated, conical hills mark
Because of the currents and shoaling on the N side of the en-
6.30 this latter stretch of coast. A large high conspicuous sand hill
trance channel, vessels should not approach inshore of the an- lies 2 miles SW of Bhimunipatnam Hill.
chorage without a pilot. Caution.—Vessels should not anchor in foul ground which
6.31

Vessels anchoring in the roadstead must leave sufficient

6.30 surrounds Waltair Point within a depth of 15m. Also, vessels

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 191

should keep clear of spoil ground lying 0.5 mile SE of East of the river.
Point Light.
A Submarine Exercise Area, in which submarines frequently
6.31 6.34 Kalingapatam (18°20'N., 84°09'E.) lies close S of
exercise, lies with its center about 5 miles ENE of Waltair the mouth of the Vamsadhara River and about 1.5 miles NNW
Point. of Sandy Point. There are no berthing facilities. All cargo is
transported by lighters from the anchorage in the roadstead.
6.32 Bhimunipatnam (17°54'N., 83°29'E.) lies on the S The town no longer has any importance as a trading center.
side of the mouth of the large and shallow Gostani River. Vessels Kalingapatam has been reported to be a good radar target up
6.34

anchor in the open roadstead off the town to work cargo. The to 27 miles.
town is built on the E slopes of a hill, 166m high, which is The land in the vicinity of the port is low and flat but the lo-
6.34

topped by some trees and a pyramidal obelisk. A white temple cality may be identified by Salihundam, an isolated ridge 125m
lies about midway up the E slope of the hill and shows up well high, which has its summit near its W end about 5.5 miles W of
when the sun shines on it. A tall factory chimney lies about 2.5 the town. This bare prominent wedge-shaped ridge has two
miles NNW of the town, and is a good mark. white temples and a tree on its E slope.
In the approach to the roadstead, the depths shoal gradually
6.32 Storm and weather signals are displayed in the town.
6.34

from the 18m curve about 2 to 3 miles offshore to a depth of Satara Reef (18°20'N., 84°09'E.), which extends about 0.8
11m at the anchorage 1 mile offshore. mile NE from Sandy Point, has general depths of 9.1m and a
Two wharves lie on the S shore of the river but are available
6.32 least depth of 6.4m at its outer end. The reef is steep-to on its N
only to lighters. Cargo is carried to these wharves from vessels and E sides.
at the anchorage. Considerably less depths than charted have been reported to
6.34

Weather signals are displayed from a flagstaff close SW of

6.32 exist in the roadstead.
the lighthouse; the General System is used. Further informa- An obstruction, with a least depth of 7.3m, was reported to
6.34

tion on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing lie about 1.5 miles NNE of Sandy Point.
Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Anchorage can be taken during the Northeast Monsoon, in a
6.34

Ocean under “India—Signals.” depth of about 9.1m, with the port flagstaff bearing about 284°,
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11 to 12.8m, sand and
6.32 distant 0.8 mile.
mud, with good holding ground, about 1 mile offshore abreast
of the town. During the Southwest Monsoon, a vessel should 6.35 The coast between Kalingapatam and Pundi, about 26
anchor with the lighthouse bearing 264°; during the Northeast miles NE, continues sandy and is backed by numerous isolated
Monsoon, anchorage should be taken with the lighthouse bear- hills. Bavanapadu Village lies about 19 miles NE of Kalingapa-
ing between 249° and 259°. tam.
The coast between Bhimunipatnam and Konada, about 10
6.32 A rounded rocky point lies about 7.5 miles NE of Bavanapa-
6.35

miles to the NE, is sandy and broken about midway along its du Village; the entrance of Bendi Creek lies about 1 mile far-
length by some low red cliffs which show up well when the sun ther N. Pundi Village lies 0.8 mile above the entrance of the
shines on them. creek. A white obelisk and a flagstaff lie in the village. The vil-
Amanam (17°57'N., 83°29'E.), a prominent flat-topped hill
6.32 lage is not visible from the offing.
254m high and bare, lies about 3.8 miles NNE of Bhimunipat- Bendi Hills, a flat range 175m high, lies about 3 miles NW
6.35

nam Light. Kavulvada, a high hill topped by a beacon, lies of Pundi. Khirsinga Hill, small, red, and 51m high, lies on the
about 2 miles farther ENE. coast about 1.5 miles NNE of the obelisk at Pundi.
Anchorage can be taken off Pundi, in depths of 12.8 to
6.35

6.33 Konada (18°01'N., 83°34'E.) lies at the mouth of a 14.6m, about 0.8 mile offshore, with the white obelisk bearing
small river. Several white buildings and some trees lie on the N about 281°.
side of the river. Rati Beacon (18°47'N., 84°32'E.), a 4.3m high obelisk,
6.35

Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, sand, off

6.33 stands on a double-peaked hill, about 8 miles NE of Pundi and
the river mouth. 0.8 mile inland. This hill lies at the end of a small range of
The coast between Konada and Kalingapatam, about 37 miles
6.33 about the same height which slopes down to the coast. This
ENE, consists of a sandy beach backed by low sandhills. Kandiva- range is prominent when viewed from the NE or SW, and at a
lasa, the highest and most prominent peak in this locality, rises to distance of 4 to 5 miles has the appearance of a headland. The
an elevation of 537m, about 7 miles N of Konada and appears steep Mahendra Giri Range, about 15 miles NNW of Rati Bea-
nearly conical on all bearings from seaward. con, rises to an elevation of 1,524m.
Santapalle Rocks, which lie about 8.8 miles E of Konada,
6.33 A rocky patch, with a depth of 11.9m, lies about 2.8 miles E
6.35

have been previously described in paragraph 6.25. of Rati Beacon.

Ramachandrapuram, a flat-topped hill, 164m high, sur-
6.33

mounted by a beacon, lies about 10.3 miles NE of Konada. 6.36 Baruva (18°52'N., 84°35'E.), a small town of little
Agra Rock (18°07'N., 83°46'E.), with a least depth of 5.5m,
6.33 importance to shipping, lies on the N bank of a river, about 6.3
lies about 3.5 miles E of Ramachandrapuram. The sea seldom miles NE of Rati Beacon. The customhouse and a few huts are
breaks over this danger. the only objects in the town which can be seen from the offing.
The Nagavali River, which enters the sea about 14 miles
6.33 A group of trees SW of the customhouse is conspicuous.
ENE of Ramachandrapuram, is shallow and available only to Baruva Light is exhibited from a 30m high white tower with
6.36

light-draft craft. A beacon stands on the E side of the entrance black bands S of the town.

Pub. 173
192 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Two beacons, about 64m apart, lie about 0.8 mile ENE of the
6.36 mile E of the Fairway Lighted Buoy.
town. Baruva North Beacon is black and white banded; Baruva Regulations.—Vessels are advised to give an ETA 72 hours
6.37

South Beacon is white. in advance via e-mail with following information:

Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 8m, sand and mud,
6.36 1. Vessel name and IMO Number.
with Baruva South Beacon bearing between 308° and 318°. 2. Flag.
The coast between Baruva and Gopalpur, about 29 miles NE,
6.36 3. Year built.
is sandy and backed inland by ranges of hills. In the vicinity of 4. Gross tons and net tons.
Kaviti, about 10 miles NE of Baruva, the land rises gradually 5. Type of vessel.
to an elevation of about 91m. The higher ranges inland are fre- 6. Crew list.
quently obscured and are of little use to the mariner. 7. Crew effect list.
A masonry beacon lies on a large sand bank near the coast,
6.36 8. Bonded store list.
about 9.8 miles NE of Baruva South Beacon. 9. Store declaration.
Kaviti Beacon (19°02'N., 84°42'E.), reported to be partially
6.36 10. Currency.
obscured by trees, lies on a plateau at an elevation of 85m, 2.5 Confirmation of the ETA should be sent at least 24 hours and
6.37

miles NW of the masonry beacon. 12 hours prior to arrival.

Ichapur, a prominent sharp hill, rises about 4.5 miles N of
6.36 Upon arrival, vessels should establish contact with the Port
6.37

Kaviti Beacon and is 156m high. Dandrasi, a 206m high hill, Signal Station on VHF channels 12 and 16.
lies 5.5 miles NE of Ichapur. When viewed from the E, this hill Vessels at anchor must maintain a continuous listening watch
6.37

appears round-topped, but when viewed from the S it appears on VHF channels 12 and 16.
as a long summit with two peaks. The W peak is slightly high- Contact Information.—See the table titled Gopalpur—
6.37

er. Raegara, a conspicuous range with four peaks, lies 8 miles Contact Information.
NW of Dandrasi.
Investigator Rock (18°58'N., 84°42'E.), with a least depth
6.36
Gopalpur—Contact Information
of 2.3m, lies about 8.5 miles NE of Baruva South Beacon. The
water over the rock is not discolored and it is not marked by Port
breakers. A shoal area, with a least depth of 9.3m, lies 2 miles VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
SSW of Investigator Rock.
91-6811-257-699
Telephone
6.37 Sonnapurampeta (19°07'N., 84°47'E.), a small port 91-6811-257-799
on the N bank of the Bahuda River, lies about 17 miles NE of
Facsimile 91-6811-257-599
Baruva South Beacon. A white obelisk and a white column,
each about 15m high, lie on an islet in the entrance of the river. gplmarine@[Link] (marine)
A customhouse, with a black flagstaff, stands on the beach at gploperation@[Link]
Sonnapurampeta. (operations)
Gopalpur (19°15'N., 84°55'E.) (World Port Index No.
6.37
E-mail
49500) has been re-established as an all-weather direct berth- gplaccounts@[Link] (accounts)
ing port that offers excellent rail and road connectivity. The info@[Link] (general informa-
main quay, used for breakbulk cargo, with an overall length of tion)
225m and a depth of 12.5m, is located in the SW corner of the
harbor. A dry bulk T-jetty is 90m in length. Development plans Web site [Link]
call for deep water berths, additional dry cargo berths, and an
LNG terminal. There are plans to develop three separate har- Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained in an anchorage
6.37

bors with 15 to 20 berths and alongside depth 18.5m, allowing area centered on 19°15.9’N 84°59.6’E. Depths from 20 to
vessels of 120 000 dwt to be handled. 28m, mud, sand and shells.
A small inland basin, 1.25 miles farther NE, is entered
6.37 Unrestricted anchorage may be obtained ENE of the termi-
6.37

through a heavily-silted channel, allowing passage for small nal, in position 19°18.0’N, 85°00.1’E, depths from 16 to 18 m,
vessels only. sand and mud.
Winds—Weather.—Winds constantly blow along the coast
6.37 Unrestricted anchorage may also be obtained ESE of Gopol-
6.37

near Gopalpur in March and April; the Southwest Monsoon pur Light, a masonry tower with a height of 32m equipped with
usually breaks about in the middle of June. Farther N the winds a racon, bearing 299°, distant about 0.6 mile. in depths from 10
are only occasional. to 12m, sand and mud.
Tides—Currents.—The currents usually set with the pre-
6.37 In strong winds, usually between April and July, vessels
6.37

vailing wind. About the middle of January, the NE current be- should be anchored in depths of 16m with ample chain veered.
gins and by the middle of February it sets steadily ENE with Directions.—The approach leads to the fairway lighted buoy
6.37

velocities of 0.5 knot close offshore, and increasing to 1.5 (safe water) located in position 19°17.7’N, 84°59.9’E, from
knots about 12 miles offshore. At the latter distance it sets NE. which leads to Gopalpur Port Range Lights with an alignment
The NE current continues to run until July and then sets SW,
6.37 of 262° that generally follows a track W through a channel,
gradually strengthening to a rate of 2 knots and more. marked by lighted buoys, between the breakwaters and into the
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels greater than
6.37 harbor.
200 gt. The pilot boards in position 19°17.7'N, 85°00.9'E, 1 Caution.—A firing practice area is located SE of Gopalpur
6.37

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 193

centered in approximate position 18°58'N, 85°10'E. rivers during freshets.

The coast between Gopalpur and Ganjam, about 12 miles
6.37 Off False Bay the flood sets to the NW to N and the ebb sets
6.38

NE, is marked by several isolated conspicuous hills which are SW, each at a velocity of about 1 knot. The velocity is greatly
visible over the coastal sand hills. Manusurukota, a rocky hill influenced by the prevailing winds. The tidal current, together
54m high, rises about 2.3 miles N of Gopalpur. Landabaums, with the coastal current during the Southwest Monsoon, some-
the easternmost of two hills, is 198m high and lies about 8 times attains a velocity of 4 knots.
miles N of Gopalpur. This hill appears as a conical sugarloaf
shape from all directions. 6.39 Ganjam (19°23'N., 85°04'E.) lies on the N bank of
the Rushikuiya River close W of its entrance, but very little of
Ganjam to Balisahi Point the town can be seen from seaward. A fort in ruins lies on ris-
ing ground on the S side of the town; N of the town the land is
6.38 The coast between Ganjam and Balisahi Point, about low.
147 miles NE, is regular and intersected by numerous rivers. The port of Ganjam is little used because of the heavy surf
6.39

False Bay, a small, exposed indentation, lies between False and shifting banks.
Point and Shortt's Island to the NE. The Dhamra River dis- Paluru Bluff (19°26'N., 85°08'E.), 177m high and marked
6.39

charges N of this bay, to the W of Shorty Island, and to the S of by a light, lies about 6 miles NE of Ganjam and is the bold NE
Balisahi Point. termination of the high mountain ranges of the Ganjam Dis-
Chilka Lake, a large, shallow body of water, lies close to the
6.38 trict. Kujidheppo Peak, saddle-shaped and 340m high, rises
coast between Ganjam and Puri, about 50 miles to the ENE. about 6 miles N of Ganjam. Mount Chandikho rises to an ele-
With the exception of the high mountain ranges which rise N
6.38 vation of 462m on the W shore of Chilka Lake. The summit,
of Ganjam in the interior, this section of coast is generally low which lies about 16 miles N of Paluru Bluff, appears as a dou-
and sandy and marked in places by sandhills, scattered trees, ble-peak when viewed from the S, and lies out against the high
and jungle growth. On a clear day, some of the mountain peaks ranges to the W.
inland are conspicuous and useful marks. A low beach of sand hills extends 32 miles NE from Paluru
6.39

All of the known dangers which lie off this section of coast
6.38 Bluff to Chilka Mouth, the entrance of Chilka Lake. There are
are mostly contained within the 18m curve which lies between few landmarks found along this part of the coast. Mita Kua
1.5 and 13.5 miles offshore. This curve lies at its greatest dis- Bungalow, a small white house on a sand hill close to the coast
tance offshore in the vicinity of False Bay and to the E of about 20 miles ENE of Paluru Bluff, is the most conspicuous.
Shortt's Island. A beacon lies on the coast about 13 miles ENE of the above
Six detached 18.3m patches lie within 4.5 miles SE through
6.38 bluff. Sandari Beacon lies about 5 miles ENE of Mita Kua
5.8 miles SSE of Puri Light (19°48'N., 85°50'E.). Bungalow. Babeswal Temple, painted black, lies about 2.3
Central Sand (19°58'N., 86°24'E.), a shoal with depths
6.38 miles NE of Sandari Beacon and is sometimes visible among
ranging from 0.4 to 9.1m, extends about 1.5 miles E through the trees.
NE from Devi Point (19°59'N., 86°24'E.). A detached 5.5m Danai (19°59'N., 85°20'E.), a conspicuous sharp peak, rises
6.39

patch lies about 1.5 miles S of the same point. Central Sand is to an elevation of 577m about 22 miles NNW of Mita Kua
reported to have extended about 1 mile farther SE. In fine Bungalow and is a useful mark on a clear day.
weather, the sea does not always break over this shoal. Chilka Lake (19°45'N., 85°23'E.), a large shallow expanse
6.39

Palmyras Shoals (20°47'N., 87°12'E.), with depths of 2.3 to

6.38 of water, is separated from the sea by a long, narrow sandy
10.1m, lie within a radius of 8 miles ENE through SE of the ridge. Only boats can be accommodated.
central part of Short Island. The coast between Chilka Mouth and Puri continues low and
6.39

Caution.—Care is necessary when approaching Palmyras

6.38 sandy. Harchandi Temple lies on a sandhill about 0.8 mile in-
Shoals from the E, because the depths decrease rapidly and land and about 4 miles NE of Chilka Mouth.
soundings will give no warning of the proximity of these dan- Puri (19°48'N., 85°50'E.)(World Port Index No. 49530), an
6.39

gers. open roadstead, lies on a low sandy ridge on the coast where
Care is also necessary when navigating in the vicinity of
6.38 large buildings stretch about 3 miles fronting the sea. Puri
False Point. The lighthouse is difficult to identify during a heat Light is shown from a white pedestal on the wall of a two story
haze, because of its light-colored top and lack of background. building.
During January through March, fog may occasionally obscure Storm signals are displayed at the flagstaff which lies 0.2
6.39

the light or cause it to show a deep red color. Frequent sound- mile SW of the light structure; the Brief System is used. Fur-
ings should be taken and depths should not be shoaled to less ther information on these storm signals may be found in Pub.
than 20.1m. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean
During the Northeast Monsoon or with NE winds, the cur-
6.38 and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
rent in the vicinity of False Point generally sets to the W. Anchorage can be obtained off the town, in fine weather, in a
6.39

Tidal currents in the vicinity of Palmyras Shoals set at a rate

6.38 depth of about 14m, good holding ground. The soundings of
of 2 knots at springs. On the NE side of the shoals, the flood depths should be continuous while an approach is being made
sets to the NW and the ebb to the SE. At the S end of these to the anchorage.
shoals the flood sets to the N and the ebb sets to the S.
From the end of June to the end of November, there is little
6.38 6.40 Baleshwar Temple (19°50'N., 85°56'E.), a small
or no flood or W current off False Point and Palmyras Shoals, black pagoda-shaped building surrounded by trees, stands
except at spring tides; a strong outset is experienced from the about 7 miles ENE of Puri Light. Only the upper part of the

Pub. 173
194 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

temple is visible from seaward. area. Contact the port authority for further information.
The Kushbhadra River entrance, marked by a temple with
6.40 A dangerous wreck is reported (2006) to lie about 11 miles
6.40

two palms near it, discharges about 13.5 miles ENE of Puri offshore, about 18.5 miles ENE of Devi Point.
Light. The river is shallow and of no importance to shipping.
A black pagoda in ruins lies in the village of Konarka, about
6.40
Paradip (20°16'N., 86°41'E.)
16 miles ENE of Puri Light and 2 miles inland. This pagoda is
about 40m high and prominent. From the NE it resembles a World Port Index No. 49535
black pyramid.
Tundaha Obelisk (19°54'N., 86°13'E.), 4.6m high, stands
6.40 6.41 Paradip lies on the coast about 6.5 miles ENE of the en-
on a sandhill about 7 miles E of the above black pagoda. trance of the Jatadharmohan River. The port handles containers,
The Devi River (19°59'N., 86°24'E.), one of the largest
6.40 general cargo, dry bulk cargo, and liquid bulk cargo.
branches of the Mahanadi River, flows into the sea N of Devi Depth—Limitations.—The port is approached through a
6.41

Point. This point can best be identified by Balijori Obelisk, channel with a maintained depth of 18.7m; the approach, inner
which lies about 2.5 miles NNE of the point. Nulyasai Village approach, and entrance channels are maintained to 17.1m.
is also conspicuous to approaching vessels in the vicinity of There is a large turning basin 520m in diameter maintained to
Devi Point. The river is frequented only by native craft. 17.1m.
Central Sand, the shoal which extends from the river mouth,
6.40 The outer harbor contains two deepwater dolphin berths for
6.41

has been previously described in paragraph 6.37. tankers. There are two berths with a length of 355m and an
Vessels with local knowledge can anchor off the mouth of the
6.40 alongside depth of 17.1m.
river NE and E of Devi Point. With onshore winds, anchorage LASH operations are normally carried out between the
6.41

can be taken, in a depth of 14.6m, with Balijori Obelisk bearing mother ship at the anchorage and the lighter berths at the S end
317°, distant 1.5 miles. Anchorage can also be taken about 1 of the general cargo wharf.
mile S of the above position when the winds are W. Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table ti-
6.41

Small vessels, with local knowledge and a draft not exceed-

6.40 tled Paradip—Berth Information.
ing 3m, can anchor inside the river mouth, in a depth of 5.5m, Maximum drafts allowed at the berths may change depend-
6.41

with Devi Point bearing 057°, distant 0.5 mile. ing on tide and weather condition. For further information,
The coast between Devi Point and the entrance of the Jatad-
6.40 contact local authorities.
harmohan River, about 17 miles NE, consists of low sandy
beach marked by small hillocks. Breakers are always visible A South Oil Jetty, marked by range lights, has been estab-
6.41

across the shallow entrance of this river. The entrance of the lished in position 20°15.7'N, 86°40.2'E. A depth of 17.1m is
shallow Patakund River lies about 6 miles ENE of the mouth of maintained in the vicinity.
the Jatadharmohan River. A prominent building lies near the Aspect.—Paradip Light, with a racon, is shown from a round
6.41

shore, about 2 miles SW of the entrance of the Patakund River. concrete tower, 1.5 miles W of the entrance to the port. The en-
A conspicuous water tower lies about 1 mile NE of the same trance to the port is protected by a N and a S breakwater. A
entrance. trestle pier projects from the S breakwater.
Caution.—An SPM has been established about 10 miles SE
6.40 The channel leading into the inner harbor passes about mid-
6.41

of the entrance to the Jatadharmohan River. A submarine pipe- way between two breakwaters and then extends NW to the
line extends from the SPM to a point on the coast about 4.5 turning basin close SW of the T-head jetty on the E side of the
miles WSW of the entrance to Paradip Harbor. Anchorage ar- harbor. The alignment of the main fairway is indicated by two
eas for VLCCs, each with a radius of 1.5 miles, are centered pairs of range lights.
about 4.5 miles S and about 5.5 miles ENE of the SPM. An- Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels greater
6.41

chorage is prohibited within 2 miles of the SPM and within 1 than 200 gt and is available 24 hours. Pilots board about 4.5
mile of the submarine pipeline. Vessels, except those engaged miles SE of the harbor entrance in position 20°12.8'N,
in SPM operations and maintenance, are to remain clear of the 86°44.4'E.

Paradip—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside Draft LOA Beam Size
Coal Handling Plant
CB1 260m 15.0m 14.5m — 33m 90,000 dwt Coal. Continuous berthing length of
CB2 260m 15.0m 14.5m — 33m 90,000 dwt 520m.
Central Quay
CQ-1 252m 15.0m 14.5m 230m — 90,000 dwt
Fertilizer, scrap metal, and steel
CQ-2 252m 15.0m 14.5m 291m 45m 180,694 dwt products. Continuous berthing
length of 755m.
CQ-3 251m 15.0m 14.5m 230m — 65,000 dwt

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 195

Paradip—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside Draft LOA Beam Size
North Quay
NQ2 230m — — — — — Bulk cargo.
South Quay
Coal, fertilizer, grain, iron ore, lime-
SQ 265m 13.0m 12.5m 230m 33m 50,000 dwt
stone, and steel products.
East Quay
EQ1 281m 11.5m 11.0m 260m — 40,000 dwt Coal, fertilizer, grain, iron ore, lime-
stone, steel products, and breakbulk.
EQ2 205m 12.0m 11.5m 260m — 40,000 dwt
Continuous berthing length of
EQ3 200m 13.0m 12.5m 230m — 60,000 dwt 686m.
Paradip International Container Terminal (PICT)
Fertilizer, grain, containers, tran-
Multipurpose
450m 17.1m — — — 125,000 dwt shipment, steel products, breakbulk,
Berth
multipurpose, and reefer.
Other Berths
MPB 235m 15.0m 14.5m 230m — 45,000 dwt Coal and breakbulk.
FB No. 1 250m 15.0m 14.5m 230m 33m 65,000 dwt Chemicals, LPG, and phosphates.
FB No. 2 250m 15.0m 14.5m 230m 33m 65,000 dwt Chemicals, LPG, and phosphates.
North Oil Clean products. Berthing length of
40m 14.0m 13.5m 230m 33m 90,000 dwt
Jetty 360m (including dolphins).
Clean products and crude. Berthing
South Oil
136m 17.1m 14.5m — — 100,000 dwt length of 361m (including dol-
Jetty
phins).
SBM 1 — 21.5m 21.0m 370m 60m 320,000 dwt Crude.
SBM 2 — 27.5m 23.0m 370m 65m 320,000 dwt Crude.
SPM 3 — 27.5m 23.0m 370m — 320,000 dwt Crude.

Paradip—Contact Information Paradip—Contact Information

Port Web site [Link]
Call sign Paradip Port Essar Dry Bulk Terminal
VHF VHF channels 6 and 16 91-6722-227-038
Telephone
Telex 583-441900342 (Inmarsat C) 91-7381-097-585 (mobile)
Harbormaster E-mail venkat.rao1@[Link]
91-6722-222-012 Web site [Link]
Telephone
91-6722-222-137 Pilots
E-mail hm@[Link] Call sign Paradip Port
Web site [Link] VHF VHF channels 6 and 16
Paradip International Cargo Terminal
Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Paradip Port) on VHF
6.41

Telephone 91-6722-222-052 channels 6, 9, 12, and 16.

Facsimile 91-6722-222-308 Departing vessels should request a pilot from Port Control
6.41

on VHF channel 16 at least 2 hours prior to departure.

E-mail pict@[Link] Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 24 hours in
6.41

Pub. 173
196 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

advance. 11. Type and quantity of cargo.

12. Name of agent and requirements.
Signals.—Storm and weather signals are shown at Paradip;
6.41

the General System is used. Further information on these storm

signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning
Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—
Signals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Paradip—Con-
6.41

tact Information.
Anchorage.—Designated anchorages lie SE of Paradip
6.41

Light in the following positions

a. Examination—20°13.0’N, 86°41.0’E.
b. General No. 1—20°11.6’N, 86°42.7’E.
c. General No. 2—20°10.4’N, 86°45.0’E.
d. Tanker—20°10.0’N, 86°47.8’E.
e. VLCC No. 1—20°01.8’N, 86°38.5’E.
f. VLCC No. 2—20°10.4’N, 86°45.0’E.
The low coast extends about 3 miles ENE and terminates at
6.41

the Lion’s Rump, on the S side of the entrance of the Mahanadi

River. A conspicuous white house and a water tower stand
about 0.5 mile SW of the Lion’s Rump.
Caution.—A dangerous wreck, position approximate, lies in
6.41

position 20°17.7'N, 86°47.9'E.

A spoil ground area, as seen on the chart, lies centered about
6.41

5.8 miles ENE of the harbor.

6.42 False Point (20°20'N., 86°44'E.), about 2.5 miles

Paradip Light NNE of the Lion’s Rump, lies between the two entrances of the
Mahanadi River and has been reported to be a good radar target
up to 17 miles. The lighthouse on the point is shown from a
white round masonry tower with red bands; the lighthouse is
difficult to see if there is a heat haze because it has a light-
colored top and there is no background.
False Point has been reported to be a good radar target up to
6.42

17 miles.
A long tongue of land extends about 3.8 miles NE from
6.42

False Point and almost meets and sometimes joins the S ex-
tremity of Nurrea Banga Nassi, a low grass-covered narrow is-
land about 5.8 miles long. A large stone building, with a
banyan tree close by, stands on the W side of the island.
A drying shifting sand spit extends N and W from the N end
6.42

of Nurrea Banga Nassi.

The Mahanadi River (20°18'N., 86°44'E.), a shallow passage
6.42

available only to boats with local knowledge, is entered through

two entrances. One passes S and E of the land on which False
Point lies; the other passes W and N of this land.
Paradip Port The city of Cuttack, 55 miles above the river mouth, is the
6.42

headquarters of the Odisha District.

The following information should be sent by radio when a
6.41 False Point Anchorage (20°28'N., 86°47'E.) lies in the bay
6.42

vessel is within 40 to 60 miles to the port: W of the N part of Nurrea Banga Nassi.
1. Vessel’s name. The outer anchorage, about 1 mile N of the N extremity of
6.42

2. Last port of call. Nurrea Banga Nassi, has a depth of about 7.9m. A depth of
3. ETA. 10m exists about 1 mile farther NE. The holding ground is fair-
4. Gross tonnage. ly good, but a heavy swell is experienced. Anchorage is not
5. Length overall. recommended.
6. Breadth. Small vessels can anchor in a depression about 1.5 miles
6.42

7. Draft. long which lies W of the N part of Nurrea Banga Nassi, but lo-
8. Deadweight tonnage. cal knowledge is necessary. Anchorage within the bay is safe,
9. Speed. but the depths are shallow because of silting.
10. Dangerous cargo. Caution.—With strong S winds, the flood sets toward the
6.42

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 197

coast in the vicinity of Satabhaya Sandhill about 15 miles N of miles NE of Shortt's Island. During strong SW winds good an-
the N end of Nurrea Banga Nassi. Vessels approaching from chorage can be taken, in a depth of 12.8m, with the middle of
the N must guard against this current. Shortt's Island bearing 206°. Vessels intending to anchor
With a strong flood it is advisable to approach the anchorage
6.42 should approach with the middle part of Shorty Island bearing
on a S course. Such a current is noticeable by the rapid drift of 226°. At night, anchorage should be taken, in depths of 11 to
the vessels to the N. Stemming the current by turning the vessel 12.8m.
to port, to the E or NE, from a S course is advisable before an-
choring. Vessels attempting to turn to starboard, or to the SW 6.44 The Dhamra River (20°47'N., 86°58'E.), the most
and NW, have been swept rapidly to the W and have grounded important of the navigable rivers of the Odisha District, forms
on the shoals extending from Temple Point (20°25'N., the N outlet for the confluence of the Brahmani River, the
86°44'E.). Kharsua River, and the Baitarani River.
The currents within the bay, W of Nurrea Banga Nassi, set
6.42 The town of Chandbali lies on the N bank of the Baitarani
6.44

through the channels at an average velocity of 2 knots at River, about 8 miles above the junction of the Brahmani River
springs. During freshets on the Kharnasi Nadi and the Jambu and the Dhamra River, and about 18 miles above the entrance
Nadi, the ebb sometimes attains a rate of 4 to 5 knots and sets of the latter river.
around the N end of Nurrea Banga Nassi. The area off the Dhamra River entrance embraces Shortt's Is-
6.44

The tides at False Point are semidiurnal.

6.42 land, Wheeler Island, Long Sand, Palmyras Shoals, and exten-
Vessels approaching from the S, and having made False
6.42 sive drying sand and mud flats.
Point Light, should not shoal to depths of less than 18.3m until The river is entered about 6 miles W of Shortt's Island, be-
6.44

the light bears about 244°, distant 10 miles, and the large build- tween Palmyras Point on the S side and an unnamed low mud-
ing on Nurrea Banga Nassi bears 100°. Course should then be dy point about 1 mile NW.
altered to about 320° which will lead to the anchorage. The extensive drying mud and sand flats extend about 2.5
6.44

The Kharnasi River and the Jambu River, which flow into the
6.42 miles offshore between the entrances of the Maipura River and
W side of the bay W of Nurrea Banga Nassi, are shallow, sub- the Dhamra River.
ject to change, and available only to small vessels with local Shallow flats extend up to 6 and 7 miles offshore between
6.44

knowledge. the entrance of the Dhamra River and Balisahi Point, about 4.3
False Bay (20°31'N., 86°55'E.) lies between Nurrea Banga
6.42 miles to the N. Kanika Sand is the S extremity of these flats.
Nassi and Maipura Point, about 20 miles NE, at the entrance of
the Maipura Nadi Depths in the bay decrease gradually toward 6.45 Kanika Sand (20°47'N., 87°00'E.), an extensive dry-
the shore over a bottom of olive-green mud, in the S part, to a ing mud and sand flat, lies on the N side of the entrance chan-
bottom of sand and mud, in the N part. The shore on the W of nel about 0.8 to 5.5 miles W of Shortt's Island. This flat has
the bay consists of moderately-high sand hills. been reported extending to the SE.
Caution.—The Gahiramatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary,
6.42 The outer bar, which has a least depth of 1.5m, lies about 1.3
6.45

best seen on the chart, lies roughly between the 10m and 20m miles NNW of the middle of Shortt's Island. The inner bar, S of
contours in False Bay. Fishing, trawling, or any other activity Kanika Sand, has a least depth of 2.4m.
harmful to marine life within this area is prohibited. The outer bar maintains its position and depths, but the inner
6.45

bar is subject to change.

6.43 Satabhaya Sand Hill (20°38'N., 86°56'E.), 18m high, Chandnipal Bar lies in the fairway N of Kalibhanja Dian, a
6.45

with an isolated clump of trees at its NE end, lies 4.5 miles SW long, narrow island which lies on the middle of the river close
of Maipura Point. This hill is a good landmark. within the river. This bar had a least depth of 5.2m.
Long Sand, an extensive drying shoal with the six small
6.43 The several other bars which lie within the river were reported
6.45

Wheeler Islands on its N part, extends about 2.5 miles N and to have depths of 2.4 to 2.7m at certain stages of the tide.
NW from Maipura Point. The sea breaks heavily over this shoal. In 1960, a vessel drawing up to 3.7m at HW and up to 1.5m
6.45

The Maipura River (20°42'N., 87°00'E.), about 5 miles W at LW, could ascend the river to Chandbali.
of Maipura Point, is entered between this point and the SW ex- Palmyras Point (20°46'N., 86°59'E.), about 6 miles W of
6.45

tremity of Long Sand. Although the river is deep, numerous Shortt's Island, is the N extremity of the low land which lies
flats obstruct its entrance and it can only be entered by boats at between the Maipura River and the Dhamra River. The point is
half tide when the water is smooth. difficult to distinguish because of the dense jungle growth
Anchorage can be taken off Maipura Point, in depths of 11 to
6.43 which covers it. The low land on the N side of the Dhamra Riv-
12.8m, with the N end of the sand hills on Maipura Point bear- er presents a similar aspect as far N as Balisahi Point, about 4
ing NW, distant 2.8 miles. Protection is provided from NW miles distant.
winds. Three beacons, each 24m high with a ball topmark, stand in
6.45

Shortt's Island (20°47'N., 87°05'E.), 3m high, is the largest

6.43 the vicinity of the entrance of the Dhamra River. These aids are
of four small islands which lie on a drying shoal about 3 miles visible from seaward, but are not easy to identify outside the
N of Maipura Point. The configuration of the island is con- outer bar.
stantly changing due to the continuous action of the sea. A tow- The entrance channel over the outer and inner bars is buoyed
6.45

er, 17.3m high, stands close off the E side of the island. and the channels within the river are buoyed in places. These
Palmyras Shoals, which lie off the seaward side of Shortt's
6.43 buoys are liable to be moved to conform to changes in the
Island, have been previously described in paragraph 6.37. channels and are not to be relied upon.
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11 to 12.8m, about 4
6.43 The buoyed entrance channel passes about 0.8 mile N of
6.45

Pub. 173
198 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Shortt's Island, and then leads between the shoals extending Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 200
6.46

from it and Kanika Sand. It then leads W between Kanika Sand gross tons. Pilots board in position 20°56.8'N, 87°08.2'E.
and the N edge of the flats which extend E from Palmyras Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 6
6.46

Point. This latter stretch leads to the entrance of the Dhamra days, 5 days, 4 days, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours prior to
River and passes N of the island lying in the middle of the river arrival. The vessel’s arrival time at the anchorage should be
close within the entrance. confirmed 24 hours and 12 hours prior to arrival.
Pilotage is not compulsory, but advisable for strangers.
6.45

The jetty at Chandbali provides berths for three small vessels

6.45
Dhamra—Contact Information
with a maximum draft of 3.7m. Passengers and cargo are usu-
ally embarked and discharged alongside the jetty. Port
Call sign Port Traffic Control
Weather signals are displayed at Chandbali; the Brief System
6.45

is used. Further information on these storm signals may be VHF VHF channels 14 and 16
found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Port Authority
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
91-6786-270-258
Vessels with local knowledge can anchor in mid-channel off
6.45
Telephone
the town of Chandbali, in depths of 8.2 to 12.2m. 91-789-4400-376 (mobile)
E-mail marineops@[Link]
6.46 Dhamra (20°49'N., 86°58'E.) lies 3 miles N of the
mouth of the Dhamra River. It is one of the deepest ports in In- Web site [Link]
dia and operates 24 hours. It handles coal, iron ore, and lime-
stone. Vessels should establish communications with Port Traffic
6.46

Control on VHF channel 14 or 16 when within range for berth-

Port Authority of Dhamra ing instructions.
Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on
6.46

[Link] VHF channels 14 and 16 when within the port limits and at the
anchorage.
Depths—Limitations.—The port is approached through a
6.46 Contact Information.—See the table titled Dhamra—Con-
6.46

9.7 mile-long buoyed channel. At the end of the approach is a tact Information.
600m-wide turning basin, with a depth of 17m. Anchorage.—An anchorage area, best seen on the chart, lies
6.46

Two berths, 350m long, can accommodate vessels with a

6.46 about 6.5 miles NE of Fairway Buoy.
maximum length of 290m and a maximum draft of 19m. How- Caution.—A foul ground area, best seen on the chart, lies
6.46

ever, depths of less than 17m have been reported (2018) about 3 miles SE of Fairway Buoy.

Pub. 173
 7.
Sector 7—India—East Coast—Balisahi Point to New Moore Island—Bangladesh and Burma—West Coast

Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
Pub. 173

7.0

SECTOR 7 — CHART INFORMATION

199
 201

SECTOR 7
INDIA—EAST COAST—BALISAHI POINT TO NEW MOORE ISLAND—BANGLADESH, AND
BURMA—WEST COAST

Plan.—This sector describes the E coast of India E of Balisahi

7.0 7.1The autumn transitional season, a period of weak and vari-
Point and then the coast of Bangladesh and the W coast of Bur- able winds with land and sea breezes prevailing, occurs in early
ma. The descriptive sequence is from W to E and then S. October after the withdrawal of the Southwest Monsoon and
before the cooler drier weather of the Northeast Monsoon is es-
General Remarks tablished in late November.
7.1Tropical storms, with destructive winds, occasionally affect
7.1 The Hugli River, in the NW part of the Bay of Bengal, the coastal regions N of 15°00'N.
is the W branch of the Ganges and the means of access for 7.1Tropical cyclones, which develop in the Bay of Bengal, occur
ocean-going vessels calling at the port of Calcutta. Flowing most frequently during the transitional season. The Arakan
through the Sundarbans, the Pusur River, another branch of the Coast of Burma is more likely to be struck by a cyclone during
Ganges, is navigable by ocean-going vessels to the port of the autumn transitional season than at any other time, but rarely
Chalna. Similar type vessels also ascend the Karnaphuli River is the Gulf of Martaban affected. During the hot season, some
to the port of Chittagong. tropical cyclones cross the coast of the Gulf of Martaban.
7.1The Orissa Coast and the Sundarbans Coast are generally 7.1Tides—Currents.—Surface currents across the head of the
low, whereas the Chittagong Coast is marked by high mountain Bay of Bengal, as elsewhere in the bay, are developed and in-
ranges. fluenced by the effects of the monsoon winds.
7.1Cape Negrais lies about 333 miles SSE of Elephant Point, 7.1At the Sandheads in August, a strong current sets to the W;
with the intervening coast being irregular and broken in many in September, after the retreat of the Southwest Monsoon, the
places by the rivers which discharge into the sea on the E side current setting to the W depends on the force and duration of
of the Bay of Bengal. High hills and mountains back this sec- the E winds. During October, the current sets W and SW.
tion of coast at varying distances inland, and in most cases gen- 7.1Seaward of the Sundarbans Coast, there are strong rotary tid-
erally lie in a N-S direction parallel to the coast. Mayu and al currents. The flood current begins setting W at the end of the
Arakan Yoma are the principal ranges. Many of the peaks of first quarter, its direction is WNW and at half flood about N.
these ranges are useful marks to vessels navigating along this During the last quarter of the flood, the current sets ENE. At
coast. commencement the ebb current sets E, at half ebb it sets S, and
7.1Ramree Island and Cheduba Island, the two largest islands of during the last quarter of the ebb it sets WSW, thus making a
many which lie off this coast, lie about midway between Ele- complete rotation.
phant Point and Cape Negrais. Combermere Bay and Hunters 7.1Tidal currents along the Chittagong Coast S of Elephant
Bay indent the shore N of the former island. Point set parallel with the coast, with the flood current setting
7.1Akyab is the most important commercial port, although N and the ebb current setting S.
Kyaukpyu is of some importance. 7.1Tidal currents along the Arakan Coast set N on the flood and
7.1Winds—Weather.—The weather and climate of the area de- S on the ebb; they are greatly influenced by the immense vol-
scribed in this sector is primarily influenced and determined by ume of tidal backwater. Local in drafts of the current are strong
the Northeast Monsoon and the Southwest Monsoon and the during the flood and the outset is small during the ebb.
short transitional periods between them. The year is divided in- 7.1Caution.—Reefs, shoals, and sands extend seaward in a
to four seasons referred to as the Northeast Monsoon (winter general S direction from the delta shore at the head of the Bay
monsoon, cool or dry season), the spring transitional or hot of Bengal. These dangers, with depths of 5.5m and less, lie
season, the Southwest Monsoon (summer monsoon, wet or within the 11m curve and in places extend up to almost 30
rainy season), and the autumn transitional season. miles offshore. A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies
7.1The Northeast Monsoon, December through March, is 18 miles E of East Channel Lighted Buoy in The Sandheads.
marked by good weather, with very little rainfall. 7.1Soundings provide a guide when approaching these shoals,
7.1The hot season, April and May, is an interim period of weak but if in doubt as to the vessel’s position, it is advisable not to
and variable winds prior to the Southwest Monsoon. Increases in shoal to depths of less than 36.6m until certain of the position.
rainfall in April and May do not equal the amounts of rainfall 7.1Mariners should be aware of and have regard for the numer-
during June through August; this results in greater heating of the ous dangers which lie offshore between Elephant Point and
air masses. Cape Negrais.
7.1The Southwest Monsoon, June through September, is character- 7.1A restricted area established SW of Cox's Bazar is bounded
ized by cloudiness, overcast skies, light rain almost daily, inter- by lines joining the following positions:
spersed with rain squalls or thunderstorms accompanied by a. 21°08.0'N, 91°20.0'E.
torrential downpours. Restricted visibility, high humidity, and gen- b. 21°08.0'N,91°32.0'E.
eral adverse weather conditions are associated with the Southwest c. 20°51.0'N,91°32.0'E.
Monsoon. d. 20°51.0'N,91°20.0'E.

Pub. 173
202 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

India—Balisahi Point to the Sundarbans Coast, tant 7 miles. This is the best anchorage for vessels with a draft
including the Hugli River to Calcutta of about 6.1m. Anchorage can also be taken closer inshore in
lesser depths.
7.2 Balisahi Point (20°51'N., 86°58'E.) is the extremity 7.2The anchorage can be approached with the highest part of
of the low land N of the entrance of the Dhamra River. Nilgiri Mountain (Dhobasila Pahar), about 16 miles W of the
7.2The coast between Balisahi Point and the entrance of the river entrance, bearing about 293°.
Hugli River, about 69 miles NE, is low, flat, and covered with 7.2During stormy weather, anchorage can be taken off Kulikhati
scrub and mangroves along its S part. Southwest of Chandipur, over a bottom of soft mud. The Burhabalang River is tidal for
the trees are higher than elsewhere. Northeast of Chandipur, about 23 miles, but is navigable for only about 4 miles of this
the coast remains low and sandy, but the sandhills are more distance above the entrance. Native craft, with drafts up to
plentiful. There are no distinctive landmarks. 2.7m, can transit this part of the river.
7.2The Orissa Coast terminates at the entrance of the Hugli Riv-
er. 7.3 Baleshwar (21°29'N., 86°57'E.) (World Port Index
7.2Winds—Weather.—A general description of the winds and No. 49550) lies on the S bank of the Burhabalang River, about
weather along the coast has been previously given in paragraph 16 miles above its mouth. This town was formerly a port of
7.1. some importance, but in recent years there has been no sea-
7.2Baleshwar Road is in the track of cyclonic storms which pass borne trade.
through this area. Many disasters have been caused by these 7.3Cargo is transported by barges from the anchorage in
storms. Baleshwar Road.
7.2Tides—Currents.—At Balramgari, which is just within the 7.3The Panchpara River (21°31'N., 87°07'E.) discharges into
Burhabalang River Entrance (21°29'N., 87°03'E.), springs the sea about 4.5 miles NE of the entrance of the Burhabalang
rise 3.7m and neaps rise 2.4m. River. The river is navigable only by small native craft capable
7.2The tidal currents in Baleshwar Road set NE during the flood of crossing the bar.
and SW during the ebb. Both currents set at a rate of 2 knots at 7.3The coast between the entrance of the Panchpara River and
springs. the Subarnarekha River, about 13 miles ENE, is marked by
7.2In the Burhabalang River, the ebb lasts 8 or 9 hours and sets several sandhills. Pippli Sand, which dries, lies about 2 miles S
at a rate of as high as 4 knots. The set of the flood averages on- of the latter river entrance.
ly 0.5 knot. 7.3The Subarnarekha River (21°34'N., 87°23'E.) is reported
7.2Depths—Limitations.—Between Balisahi Point and the en- to have moderate depths within its entrance and is navigable by
trance of the Hugli River, the 18m curve lies about 9.5 miles E native craft for about 16 miles of its distance. The former port
of Balisahi Point and extends NE to a position about 22 miles S of Subarnarekha lies at the mouth of the river, but is available
of the entrance of the Subarnarekha River (21°34'N., only to fishing boats. A pagoda and a clump of trees lie near
87°23'E.), and then extends ESE to a position about 40 miles S the mouth of the river on the W bank.
of the entrance of the Hugli River. With the exception of a de- 7.3Anchorage can be taken off the mouth of the river, in depths
tached 34.7m patch, which was reported to lie about 72 miles of 8.2 to 9.1m, with the pagoda bearing 327°, distant 8 miles.
SE of Balisahi Point, there are known dangers seaward of the 7.3Digwah Mohan and Munder Mohan, both shallow streams,
18m curve. Those dangers which lie within the 5.5m curve ad- discharge about 13 and 17 miles ENE, respectively, of the
jacent to the coast are described under the principal description mouth of the Subarnarekha River. The Pichaboni River dis-
of the features which they front. charges about 6 miles farther E.
7.2The coast between Balisahi Point and the entrance of the Bur- 7.3The Rasulpur River (21°47'N., 87°54'E.), about 9.5 miles
habalang River is bordered by drying flats. The coast is low as NE of the Pichaboni River, discharges on the W side of the
far as the village of Bideipur, about 13 miles NNW of Balisahi Hugli River just within its entrance.
Point. Between this village and Kulikhati, about 8 miles to the N, 7.3Quoin Sandhill (21°36'N., 87°28'E.) lies on the shore about
the flat coast is bordered by dense mangroves. At Nauri, about 6.3 miles WSW of the entrance of Digwah Mohan, otherwise
11 miles NNE, the coast is marked by low sand hills and taller this stretch of coast is without any prominent features.
trees. These coastal features continue for an additional 10 miles 7.3South of the mouth of Digwah Mohan, the 5m curve is
NE to the village of Chandipur. A large double pagoda, about tongue-shaped, with its outer edge about 10 miles offshore.
midway between Nauri and Chandipur and 2 miles inland, is vis- Depths within this curve decrease to 4.6m. During bad weath-
ible among the trees on NW bearings. er, heavy breakers are raised over this shoal projection.
7.2A sand cliff, 16m high, lies in Chandipur. A black flagstaff 7.3Jensen Sand, which dries 4.6m on its inner part and 4m on its
lies near a large white bungalow, about 0.8 mile NE of Chandi- outer part, extends about 8 miles SSW from the mouth of the
pur. Rasulpur River. Spense Sand, which dries from 0.3 to 2.4m in
7.2The entrance of the Burhabalang River lies 2.3 miles NE of places, extends about 7 miles SSW from the S extremity of
Chandipur and is marked by low, barren, sandhills. Jensen Sand. A shoal, with depths of 0.6 to 4.9m, extends
7.2Anchorage.—Baleshwar Road (21°23'N., 87°07'E.), which about 19 miles S from Spense Sand and terminates in Western
lies off the entrance of the Burhabalang River, provides an- Sea Reef.
chorage, in a depth of about 7.3m, sand and mud, good holding 7.3Buoy EB is moored 1 mile WSW of the outer end of Western
ground, with the flagstaff NE of Chandipur bearing 312°, dis- Sea Reef.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 203

India—Approaches to the Entrance of the Hugli 2. Number of working VHF radios on board.
River 3. If AIS is on board and operational.
4. Gross tonnage and nrt.
7.4 Vessels entering the Hugli River approach Eastern 5. Fresh water draft fore and aft.
Channel Light Vessel, which is moored about 46.5 miles SSE 6. Speed.
of Sagar Island Light (21°39'N., 88°03'E.). 7. Length overall.
7.4During the Southwest Monsoon, it is best to make the coast 8. Cargo on board (type and quantity).
near Puri (19°48'N., 85°50'E.) or between Pundi and Ganjam, 7.4The pilot station will advise vessels of the following infor-
where higher land backs the coast. When the weather is very mation:
hazy, the land is obscured until a very near approach is made. It 1. Convoy number.
is advisable to determine a vessel’s position before proceeding 2. Number of vessel in convoy.
N of Puri. 3. Name of preceding and succeeding vessels.
7.4Soundings provide a guide when approaching this coast; the 4. Which side pilot ladder is required.
183m curve lies about 21 miles SE of Pundi, 23 miles SE of 5. Lower Gasper reporting time.
Ganjam, and 15 miles S of Puri. At night, vessels should make 6. Upper Gasper reporting time.
Kalingapatam Light, Gopalpur Light, or Puri Light. Depths of 7.4Vessels should also contact the Vessel Traffic Management
36.6m lie about 4 miles off Kalingapatam, 3.5 miles off Gan- System (VTMS) Station by calling VTMS Control on VHF
jam, and 13 miles S of Puri; continuous soundings should be channel 16 or 68 for anchoring or pilot boarding instructions.
taken when approaching the coast. For further information, see Regulations.
7.4At night or in bad weather, a vessel should proceed along the 7.4For the transit from Sandheads to the pilot boarding position
coast in depths of about 36.6m. During the day, in clear weath- off Sagar Island, all vessels are provided remote pilotage
er, the Jagannath Pagodas at Puri and the black pagoda at through the VTMS.
Konarak should be sighted when passing. When about 10 miles 7.4River pilots board off Sagar Island in the vicinity of Middle-
beyond the black pagoda at Konarak, course should be shaped ton Point (21°35'N., 88°05'E.). Harbor pilots board in Garden
for Eastern Channel Light Vessel. Care should be given to the Reach in position 22°33'10.2''N, 88°17'20.4''E.
soundings when passing False Point, as the depths decrease 7.4For tankers and vessels greater than 160m long, and tankers
gradually toward the shoal ground around it. At night, vessels in particular, pilots may board or disembark further S than usu-
should keep in depths of not less than 26m or even 37m when al, depending on the prevailing weather conditions.
the wind is SE. 7.4The normal draft for vessels that can be taken upriver at
7.4In September, toward the end of the Southwest Monsoon, the springs, under normal conditions, is about 7.9 and 7.3m at
current sets strongly to the SW, and if a vessel’s position is neaps. Occasionally the maximum draft at neaps decreases to
fixed, landfall should not be made so far to the S. 5.2m. A forecast of monthly drafts is published by the port au-
7.4During the Northeast Monsoon, if a vessel is on the E side of thorities; for deeper draft vessels or vessels of 7 knots and un-
the Bay of Bengal, course should be shaped directly for East- der, special arrangements must be made and the date selected
ern Channel Light Vessel. by the port pilotage office.
7.4Depths—Limitations.—A bank, located in position 7.4In 1976, a barrage, 60 miles N of Calcutta, was in operation.
20°44'N, 87°35'E and extending off the coast between False This is expected to control the river flow so as to enable vessels
Point and Palmyras Point, is an excellent guide when ap- of 8.5m draft to reach Calcutta throughout the year and to re-
proaching the entrance of the Hugli River. The bottom, when in duce the effect of tidal bores.
depths of 36.6 to 42.1m, consists of reddish-colored shell and 7.4The pilot vessel is stationed between Gasper Channel and
sand and gravel; in deeper water to the E or seaward, the bot- Sagar Island. Fast motor launches are used to embark and dis-
tom consists of sand and mud with shining specks, or olive-col- embark the pilot. In very strong winds and heavy seas, the pilot
ored mud with broken shells. The E edge of the ridge is rather vessel cruises about 10 miles S of the light vessel.
steep, with depths seaward of it ranging from 51 to 55m. 7.4The pilot vessel, when sending a pilot to board a vessel, will
7.4The 35m curve follows the NE curve of the coast and lies lie with the wind on its port side at all times throughout the year.
about 24 miles E of False Point Light and 25 miles E of Palmy- When supplying a pilot, the pilot vessel will be underway during
ras Shoals. the Southwest Monsoon from March 15 to October 31 inclusive;
7.4Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory N of latitude 21°37'N for it may be found at anchor during the Northeast Monsoon, either
all vessels over 100 gross tons. Vessels are prohibited from in the vicinity of the light vessel, or up to 10 miles N of the East-
navigating the Hugli River without a pilot. Pilots are available ern Channel Light Vessel. No vessel shall anchor within a radius
24 hours. of 2 miles from Eastern Channel Light Vessel.
7.4All vessels approaching Sandheads in the vicinity of Eastern 7.4Masters of vessels wishing to board a pilot are advised to ap-
Channel Light Vessel should contact the pilot vessel (call sign: proach the pilot vessel from astern of it, heading in the same di-
Sandheads Pilot) on VHF channel 16 or 68 for further instruc- rection, and about three ship’s length distant. The pilot vessel
tions. A new pilot station, best seen on the chart, lies 7 miles will proceed ahead, dropping a pulling or motor boat, which
SSE of the entrance to the Eastern Channel. should be picked up. The pilot vessel will always either turn
7.4Vessels should advise the pilots of the ETA at Eastern Channel around or move far enough ahead to allow the following vessel
Light Vessel well in advance. The message should include the sufficient sea room to maneuver. Deep-draft vessels, approach-
following information: ing slowly during the Southwest Monsoon, should bear in mind
1. Vessel name, call sign, and MMSI number. that the pilot vessel is drifting to leeward and should approach

Pub. 173
204 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

slightly on its starboard quarter. A long boat rope and a pilot lad- (VTMS) is in operation to improve the safety of vessels enter-
der fitted with man ropes should be ready on the starboard side. ing Calcutta and Haldia. Three radar surveillance stations lo-
7.4During the Southwest Monsoon, from March 15 to October 31, cated at Sagar Island, Frasergunj, and Haldia will allow vessels
the pilot vessel, when on station at the Sandheads will display, be- to enter the navigation channel safely on the Hugli Delta be-
tween sunset and sunrise, a flashing white light every 3 seconds. tween Jonaki Light Float (21°17.0'N., 88°11.5'E.) and the pilot
The light is displayed from the top of the superstructure, but is not boarding ground. The VTMS guidance is provided by the Hug-
easily made out because of its low power. li River Pilots. The VTMS can be contacted (call sign: VTMS
7.4The pilot vessel displays the usual signals for a pilot vessel Control) on VHF channel 68.
on station when underway and, in addition, a light at the fore- 7.4Vessels are required to contact VTMS Control, as follows:
mast head, which is displayed in accordance with orders issued 1. On arrival at Sandheads (provide breadth, net ton-
by the local port authorities. A stern light is also displayed. A nage, draft, and loa).
red and white pilot flag is displayed by day. This flag is only 2. On anchoring at Sandheads (provide time of anchor-
displayed when a pilot is available on board. ing and position).
7.4Should the pilot vessel be at anchor, it will display the Inter- 3. When weighing anchor (provide time underway).
national Code of Signals signifying that it is at anchor. At 4. When passing the following lines of latitude:
night, it will display the lights for a pilot vessel at anchor, to- a. Latitude 21°10'N.
gether with the anchor lights. b. Jonaki Light Vessel (21°17'N.).
7.4Should a vessel arrive at the Sandheads and not find a vessel c. Lower Gasper Light Vessel (21°22'N.).
displaying the above signals, it will signify that no pilots are
available on the station. Instructions should then be requested VTMS guidance is not available N of Middleton Lighted
7.4

by radio. Buoy.
7.4Vessels arriving at the Sandheads should have their clocks Vessels at anchor are required to maintain a VHF listening
7.4

set to Bengal time, which is 5.5 hours fast of GMT; this time is watch.
kept by the pilot vessel and at Calcutta. Vessels should attempt Contact Information.—See the table titled Hugli River—
7.4

to inform the pilot vessel by radio at least 24 hours in advance Contact Information.
of their ETA at the pilot vessel, stating their gt, draft in fresh
water, speed, length overall, whether any explosives are on Hugli River—Contact Information
board, number of passengers if any, and details about any live- Harbormaster
stock.
7.4An ETA should be sent to the pilot vessel at the Sandheads Telephone 91-33-2439-1884
immediately upon vessel’s departure from a port less than 24 Facsimile 91-33-2439-1853
hours steaming distance away. Vessels wishing to make any
sound signals should do so in accordance with the Regulations Pilot Station, Sagar
for Preventing Collisions at Sea. Sagar Pilot Station
7.4To enable a vessel to reach Calcutta on one tide it is best to ar- Call sign
Sandheads Pilot
rive at the Sandheads at the time of low water at Sagar Island.
However, it is necessary to have daylight for the last 4 hours of VHF VHF channels 16 and 68
the passage.
Radio 4147.4 kHz or 8295.4 kHz
7.4With a strong E wind, there is a strong set to the W. It is then
especially important that masters be guided by the advice given Telephone 91-32-1024-0348
by the pilot vessel. Hours of Operation Contact Information
7.4Signals from the pilot vessel to prepare for bad weather
should not be ignored. 4147.4 kHz 0500-0900 and 1600-2200 (local)
7.4The tidal current should be studied; with the first of the flood 8295.4 kHz 1000-1630 (local)
setting to the W, a vessel should lie E, and with the first of the
ebb setting E, lie W and N. VHF channel 16 24 hours
7.4Lloyd’s agents at Calcutta have facilities for delivering com-
munications to vessels at the Sandheads. 7.4Anchorage.—If for any reason it should become necessary
7.4When within the Hugli River, vessels embarking a pilot hoist to anchor when approaching the pilot vessel, a vessel should do
a black ball at the masthead, lowering it to half-staff when at so S of a line bearing 270° from Matia Station Buoy
low speed. (20°59'N., 88°38'E.), in a depth of not less than 27.4m, mud,
7.4Regulations.—A Vessel Traffic Management System and not too close to the pilot vessel.

The Sandheads—Winds and Weather

Months Wind Force Weather Remarks
September, after break West current depending on
up of the Southwest East Light and variable Showers of rain force and duration of E winds;
Monsoon weather generally clear

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 205

The Sandheads—Winds and Weather

Months Wind Force Weather Remarks
Stormy, sultry at West and SW current; gener-
October East and calms Variable
times ally a gale or cyclonic storm
Fresh in morning Fine weather with Cessation of the strong tides
November, Decem- North in morning
and evening; calm cool mornings and of the Hugli River; fogs in
ber, January and evening
midday evenings January in morning
Variable, S at Thick fogs in morning; floods
Warm toward end
February night; NW some- Light strong in the Hugli River to-
of month
times ward end of month
Variable, until end Northwesters, with Flood tide occasionally ac-
Light at first;
of March; W and rain, thunder, and companied by bore; some-
March, April, May sometimes strong
SW in April and lightning, frequent; times a gale or cyclonic storm
at end
May hazy in April or May
Northwesters de-
In June, the “chota bursat” or
creasing in force;
June Southwest Strong at first small rain, generally lasts 2
heavy thunder-
weeks
storms
Strong; gales fre- Freshets in the river; much
July Southwest and W Squally heavy rains
quent swell in Eastern Channel
Southwest and W;
Squally, heavy
W during day, Strong W current at the Sand-
August Lighter rains; generally
hauling to S toward heads
clear
evening

When anchoring, vessels should stem the tide before letting

7.4 During the falling tide, it commences by setting E and gradual-
go an anchor, because the current sets strongly at the Sand- ly turns through S to SW.
heads. At the Sandheads there is a strong W current in August;
7.5

during September, after the cessation of the Southwest Mon-

India—The Hugli River Entrance (21°39'N., soon, the W current depends on the force and duration of the E
88°01'E.) winds; in October, there is a W and SW current. During cy-
clonic weather, a strong W set of 2 to 5 knots is experienced.
7.5 Eastern Channel Light Vessel, which is frequently During W gales, an E set of 1 to 2 knots develops.
moved, marks the entrance of Eastern Channel, the main fair- Tides at the Sandheads and in Sagar Roads are semidiurnal.
7.5

way leading to the Hugli River. Eastern Channel is available Sagar Tidal Semaphore, displaying day and night signals, lies
for use both by day and night and leads into Gaspar Channel, about 0.5 mile SSW of Sagar Island Light. Dublat Mark lies on
which in turn leads into Sagar Roads Sidney Point, the SE extremity of Sagar Island.
7.5Caution is necessary, as several dangerous wrecks, best seen In Eastern Channel, the tidal currents set, when not influ-
7.5

on chart, have been reported in the vicinity of Eastern Channel. enced by the wind, as given in the accompanying table titled
7.5Western Channel leads into Beaumont’s Gut and then into Eastern Channel—Tidal Currents.
Sagar Roads. Western Channel Station Buoy, conical, black
and white stripes, with black framework topmark, is moored 19 Eastern Channel—Tidal Currents
miles S of the S end of Eastern Sea Reef.
7.5Sagar Roads (21°39'N., 88°01'E.), the navigable entrance at Flood bearing Ebb bearing
the mouth of the Hugli River, lies about 2 miles W of the SW First quarter 270°-032° 045°-112°
extremity of Sagar Island.
7.5The navigable entrance channel leading to Sagar Roads is Second quarter 310° 160°
subject to change in position and direction to accompany the Third quarter 000° 180°
change in depths, which occur from time to time. Local knowl-
edge and assistance is essential to safe navigation. Fourth quarter 022° 220°-240°
7.5Winds—Weather.—The wind and weather prevalent at the
Sandheads is given in the accompanying table titled The Sand- The maximum velocities range from 2 to 3 knots at springs,
7.5

heads—Winds and Weather. and 1 to 1.5 knots during neaps, following the direction of the
7.5Tides—Currents.—Seaward of the Sundarbans, there are channel.
strong rotatory currents. During the rising tide, the tidal current Depths—Limitations.—Eastern Sea Reef (21°14'N.,
7.5

commences by setting W and gradually turns through N to NE. 88°03'E.), with depths of 0.6 to 4.9m, has its S extremity about

Pub. 173
206 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

29 miles S of Sagar Island Light. This reef extends S from la Channel was marked by lighted buoys. In 1989, it was re-
Lower Long Sand, a drying shoal with its N end about 4.5 ported that vessels make passage through Rangafala Crossing
miles SSW of Sagar Island Light. A shoal, with depths of 0.6 SSW of Agnimari into Rangafala Channel.
to 4.9m, extends about 26 miles SSE from New Island 7.5Middleton Bar (21°36'N., 88°03'E.), which dries 1.2m near
(21°33'N., 88°11'E.). During the Southwest Monsoon, the sea its S end, lies centered about 3.3 miles S of Sagar Island Light,
breaks heavily over the S end of this shoal. on the W side of Gaspar Channel. North of Middleton Bar a
7.5Middle Ground, with depths of 1.2 to 5.5m, lies between narrow shoal, with depths of less than 3m, extends about 4
Western Sea Reef and Eastern Sea Reef. Depths over this shoal miles N to join the drying coastal flat about 2 miles N of Sagar
range from a drying patch on its N end to a depth of 5.2m over Island Light. A drying bank lies on this shoal about 1.5 miles
its S end. This shoal breaks heavily during the Southwest Mon- WSW of the same lighthouse.
soon. Lower Gasper Light Vessel (21°21.9'N., 88°09.6'E.) has 7.5Aspect.—Sagar Island (21°44'N., 88°07'E.) lies on the E
a red hull with one mast surmounted by a topmark. side of the Hugli River entrance and is flanked on its E side by
7.5A similar breaking shoal, with depths of 0.6 to 5.5m, lies be- the Baratala River, and on its W side by Bedford Channel. The
tween Eastern Sea Reef and the previously-described shoal main fairway leading into the Hugli River passes close off the
which extends SSE from New Island. SW extremity of this island. Although well-populated and
heavily cultivated, the island has few distinguishing features.
7.5Regulations.—The master of an inbound vessel should re-
port the health condition of the vessel to the pilot when the pi-
lot boards at the Sandheads and act in accordance with the
pilot’s instructions.
7.5A vessel arriving at the Sandheads from an infected port, or
having plague on board, or a vessel on board which one or
more cases of plague have developed within 12 days of the date
of arrival, shall hoist and keep flying a yellow flag, and the sig-
nal indicating the port departed. Permission to haul them down
must be obtained in writing from the health officer.
7.5During this period, no communication shall be held with the
shore, or with any other boat or vessel, with the exception of
Lower Gasper Light Vessel
7.5
the pilot boat.
7.5In the case of a vessel with sickness on board, which the pilot
has reason to believe is plague, the pilot shall notify the health
Eastern Channel, with Gasper Channel, its N extension, lies
7.5

officer from Sagar and shall not proceed beyond Diamond Har-
between Eastern Sea Reef and the shoal to the E which extends bor without permission of the health officer. If the pilot has no
about 26 miles SSE from New Island. Sagar Roads is entered N reason to believe that there is anyone suffering from plague on
of this latter channel. Both Gasper Channel and Sagar Roads board, the pilot shall bring the vessel up the river to Garden
are marked by lighted buoys. A number of dangerous wrecks, Reach and anchor it off Matia Bruz until visited by the health of-
marked by buoys, are encountered at the junction of the two ficer.
fairways. 7.5Vessels with cases of smallpox, cholera, measles, or other epi-
Western Channel lies between Western Sea Reef and Eastern
7.5

demic diseases common in India, or of diphtheria or scarlatina

Sea Reef, and leads into Beaumont’s Gut, which leads into on board, or those on which two or more deaths from suspicious
Sagar Roads. causes have occurred during the voyage, must report the facts to
Upper Long Sand (21°34'N., 87°57'E.), a drying bank about
7.5
the pilot immediately after boarding the vessel; the pilot will
5 miles long, lies with its upper end about 5.3 miles SW of give instructions as to the signals to be hoisted.
Sagar Island Light. A narrow shoal, with depths of 1.8 to 4.6m, 7.5A vessel that has called at any yellow fever infected port
extends 10.5 miles S from Upper Long Sand and then curves within 1 month of arrival in Calcutta, even though it may have
NE to join the upper part of Eastern Sea Reef. entered another Indian port during that period, will not be
Mizen Sand, a small drying bank, lies about 2.3 miles N of
7.5
granted free pratique. Health officials will board such a vessel
Upper Long Sand; Tigris Sand lies about 1 mile farther N. at its berth.
Lighted Buoy LWA is moored close off the NE end of Mizen 7.5Radio pratique may be obtained prior to arrival at Calcutta in
Sand. Lighted Buoy AD is moored close off the E side of Ti- accordance with local instructions.
gris Sand, 2 miles NNW of Lighted Buoy LWA. 7.5The quarantine station is situated at Diamond Harbor.
Auckland Bar (21°45'N., 87°59'E.) has depths of over 4.6m.
7.5
7.5Signals.—Storm signals are displayed at Sagar Island Light;
A passage from Auckland Bar to Haldia Port is made through the Extended System is used. Further information on these
Jellingham Channel, marked by lighted buoys. storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions
In 1986, it was reported that sand banks and islands SW of
7.5
(Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean un-
Agnimari Char (22°00'N., 88°08'E.) were to have been der “India—Signals.”
washed away to form a crossing to run from Jellingham Chan- 7.5Anchorage.—Sagar Roads provides anchorage, in 9.1 to
nel to Rangafala Channel, lying E of Agnimari Char. This con- 14.6m, in ordinary weather. During heavy gales, a considerable
necting channel will allow an alternate route to Kulpi Roads swell rolls into the roads.
and Calcutta, a detour from Haldia Channel. In 1988, Rangafa- 7.5Directions.—A line bearing 337.5° on a steel structure at

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 207

22°01.7’N, 88°03.1’E leads into the river. A wreck lies within estuary. A prolonged blast of the whistle, quickly followed by
the navigable part of the river, 1 mile NNE of Haldia Lattice three short blasts, is an optional signal that the vessel making
Tower. the signal is obliged to stop and cannot get out of the way.
7.5Haldia Dock Complex is entered through a lock 2.5 miles 7.6Winds—Weather.—The wind and weather conditions usu-
NE of Haldia Lattice Tower; the line of the entrance lock is ally encountered in the upper reaches of the Bay of Bengal and
257°. The entrance lock is fitted with three caisson type gates the approaches to the Hugli River have been previously de-
with a clear distance of 300m between the inner and outer scribed in paragraph 7.1. Storm and weather signals, in accor-
gates. dance with the Indian General System, are displayed at the
7.5The main oil berths fronting Haldia are similar in construc- following points when the weather in the Bay of Bengal is dis-
tion; a jetty with a T-shaped head and associated mooring dol- turbed:
phins. The berths are subject to strong tidal streams 1. Diamond Harbor, near the telegraph office.
particularly in September and October when freshets combined 2. Baj Baj, near the telegraph office.
with a strong out-going stream. Larger vessels may need to ap- 3. Kidderpore Docks, from the clock tower near the en-
proach their berth by stemming the outgoing stream and berth trance.
port side to. 4. From the flagstaff on the Port Commissioner’s Office
7.5Caution.—A dangerous wreck, with a least depth of 1.5m, in Calcutta.
lies in Bedford Channel about 0.6 mile off the W coast of Sagar 7.6Further information on these storm signals may be found in
Island, about 3.5 miles SW of the N extremity of the island. Sev- Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic
eral wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie in Sagar Roads. Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
7.5Mariners must always be aware that depths and aids to navi- 7.6The following signals and instructions from the General Sys-
gation in the river may be different than charted. tem have been approved by the Deputy Conservator of the Port
7.5The coastal features on the W side of the mouth of the Hugli of Calcutta for the security of shipping and are described in
River to the Rasulpur River (21°47'N., 87°54'E.) have been greater detail so as to have local significance:
previously described. 1. Danger Signal V—Indicates that a storm of slight or
moderate severity will probably cross the coast to the E of
India—The Hugli River to Calcutta (Kolkatta), Sagar Island and W of Chittagong. Vessels may proceed to
including Haldia and Diamond Harbor sea if the height of the barometer, state of the sea, and weath-
er are such as to lead masters and pilots to infer that there is
7.6 Navigation on the Hugli River is reported to be diffi- no danger. The wind at the mouth of the Hugli will probably
cult. The 39-mile stretch from Hugli Point (22°13'N., 88°04'E.) haul from NE through N to NW or W.
to Calcutta is the most treacherous. In 1984, it was reported 2. Danger Signal VI—Indicates that a storm of slight or
that the channel buoys were not well maintained, many were moderate severity will probably cross the coast to the W of
either unlit or missing. It was reported (1976) that night navi- Sagar Island and N of False Point. The wind at the mouth of
gation above Hugli Point was prohibited. the Hugli will probably veer from NE through E to SE or S.
7.6The navigable channel in the river is subject to annual varia- As these E winds will raise a heavy swell and produce a
tions; these are caused by the scour of the freshets and the strong W set in the channel at the Sandheads, it is advisable
flood current, as the season is wet or dry, respectively. The that none but fast steamers in light trim should put to sea,
channel through the estuary is subject to such changes as occur and those only if the weather appearances and state of the
in all wide, sandy, tidal estuaries. sea are not too unfavorable.
7.6Vessels take advantage of the rise in tide and cross the shallow- 3. Danger Signal VII—Indicates the approach toward
est bars at HW; this results in bunching of vessels. A vessel in- Sagar Roads of a storm of slight or moderate intensity. It is
bound can generally go up the river with the tide without any advisable that no vessels, except fast vessels in light trim,
stops, but sometimes it might take about 24 hours with an anchor- should put to sea until the wind direction and force, the state
age stop along the way. An outbound vessel cannot cover the total of weather and sea, and the rise of the barometer indicate
distance of the river during the same high tide; the transit down the that the storm has either broken up or passed inland. It
river is made in stages. According to the speed and type of vessel, should remembered that cyclonic storms of small extent in
sailing down the river takes about 36 to 48 hours, with stops at the Bay of Bengal sometimes blow with hurricane force, and
Uluberiya (abreast of Achipur Point), Diamond Harbor or Kulpi raises a high sea near their centers.
Roads, and Sagar Roads Anchorage. 4. Great Danger Signal VIII—Indicates that a storm of
7.6Sharp bends in the river upstream of Diamond Harbor limit great intensity will cross the coast to the E of Sagar Island
the length of a vessel to 189m at Baj-Baj and 172m at Calcutta. and W of Chittagong. It is advisable that sailing vessels, with
7.6During times of predicted tidal bores, the overall length of or without steam, and deep-draft or slow vessels should not
vessels will be regulated by the harbor master. proceed to sea. The wind at the mouth of the Hugli will prob-
7.6The navigable channels of the Hugli River, leading to Cal- ably haul from the NE through N to NW or W.
cutta N of the parallel of latitude 21°01'N, are under the juris- 5. Great Danger Signal IX—Indicates that a storm of
diction of the Port Commissioners of Calcutta. great intensity will cross the coast to the W of Sagar Island
7.6Vessels proceeding against the current should slow down or and N of False Point. Vessels should not go to sea; masters
stop if it appears that other vessels will be met with at difficult and pilots of outbound vessels should be guided by the ap-
parts of the river, or on bars where the deep-water channels are pearance of the weather and height of the barometer in de-
narrow. The usual rule of the road is adhered to in the river and ciding whether it is advisable to proceed below Diamond

Pub. 173
208 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Harbor or Mud Point. The wind at the mouth of the Hugli Signal Tidal Rise
River will probably veer from NE through E to SE or S.
6. Great Danger Signal X—Indicates the approach of a Green over white 1.6m and 4.6m
storm of great intensity toward the mouth of the Hugli River Lower light green 1.8m and 4.8m
and Calcutta. Vessels should not go to sea from Sagar Island,
or proceed down the river from Diamond Harbor; all vessels Upper light red 2.0m and 5.0m
should be properly secured. Red over green 2.2m and 5.2m
The masters of vessels in the port should take the special pre-
7.6

Both lights red 2.4m and 5.4m

cautions for safety laid down in the port rules.
A cyclonic storm of severe intensity is frequently accompa-
7.6 Red over white 2.6m and 5.6m
nied by a storm wave, which is not often the case with a small
Lower light red 2.8m and 5.8m
cyclonic storm. The height and destructive effect of a storm de-
pend almost as much on the state and character of the tide when Upper light white 3.0m and 6.0m
the cyclonic center reaches the coast, as upon the depression at White over green 3.2m and 6.2m
the center, or the intensity and extent of the storm.
Tides—Currents.—Tides in the Hugli River are semi-diur-
7.6
White over red 3.4m and 6.4m
nal. Both lights white 3.6m and 6.6m
Tidal semaphores have been established at the following
7.6

places to indicate the rise of the tide in the Hugli River:

1. About 0.5 mile SSW of Sagar Island Light. Tidal in-
formation is also broadcast on VHF channel 16.
2. At Gangra, on the W bank about 7.5 miles NW of the
N point of Sagar Island. Tidal information is also broadcast
on VHF channel 16.
3. At Balari, on the W bank about 12 miles NE of the
tidal semaphore at Gangra.
4. On Hugli Point, about 12 miles upriver from the
semaphore at Balari. Tidal information is also broadcast on
VHF channel 13.
5. At Mayapur, about 17 miles downriver from Kidder-
pore Docks. Tidal information is also broadcast on VHF
channel 13.
6. At Akra, about 6.5 miles downriver from Kidderpore
Docks. Tidal information is also broadcast on VHF channel
13.
7. At Rajabagan, about 3 miles downriver from Kidder-
pore Docks.
7.6The semaphores have three arms, the upper arm indicates
meters, the middle arm decimeters, and the lower arm centime-
ters, as depicted in the diagram below.
7.6At the moment of HW, a ball is hoisted to its upper position; Hugli River Tidal Semaphore Signals
as the tide begins to fall, the ball is lowered to the lower posi-
tion until the tide has fallen by 1m, when the ball is hauled 7.6One fixed red light is displayed if the semaphore is not work-
down. At LW, the ball is hoisted to the lower position; as the ing.
tide begins to rise, the ball is hoisted to the upper until the tide 7.6The strength of the tidal current varies in different parts of
has risen by 1m, when the ball is hauled down. the Hugli River at different times of the year; its velocity is
7.6Night semaphores are situated at Sagar, Gangra, Balari, Hug- least during the Northeast Monsoon from November to Febru-
li Point, and Mayapur. ary, when it is 3 to 3.5 knots at springs and 1.5 to 2 knots at
7.6Each semaphore can display two flashing lights, an upper neaps.
light showing a 2-second flash every 8 seconds and a lower 7.6During the latter part of the dry season, the Southwest Mon-
light showing one flash every second. soon blowing in the direction of the flood current increases its
7.6The rise of the tide is indicated, as follows: velocity so that it flows up the river at 4 to 6 knots during spring
tides.
Signal Tidal Rise 7.6The descent of the freshets, from July to October, causes the
ebb current to predominate and it reaches a maximum velocity
Upper light green 1.0m and 4.0m of 7 knots during spring tides; at this time the flood current is
Both lights green 1.2m and 4.2m imperceptible, except in the estuary.
7.6There are three distinct periods in the year, lasting approxi-
Green over red 1.4m and 4.4m
mately 4 months each. During the cold season, the flood current

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 209

has a slight preponderance over that of the ebb, because of its Hugli River. Numerous bars, with continuous fluctuating
shorter period of flow. The flood current, during the second half depths over them, encumber the winding channel of the river.
of the dry season, is made considerably stronger than the ebb by 7.6The river is high from June to October and during this peri-
the Southwest Monsoon. During the rainy season, the flood cur- od, vessels drawing up to 8.5m can reach Calcutta at HWS.
rent is overpowered by the descent of freshets and the ebb cur- Vessels drawing up to 7.9m can reach the port at HWN. From
rent predominates accordingly. October to June, the river is low and the maximum permissible
7.6The great body of the tidal current flows in the direction of draft is 7.3m. Maximum drafts may vary from year to year ac-
the channels at velocities of 2 to 3 knots at springs and 1 knot cording to the season, but vessels drawing up to 8.8m have as-
to 1.5 knots at neaps. cended the river to Calcutta; special arrangements have to be
7.6At LW during spring tides, the flow of the flood current is made and the date selected by the Port Pilotage Office.
checked by the shallow and restricted bed of the river and by 7.6Vessels proceeding to Calcutta should arrive at the pilot sta-
the seaward flow of water from the upper reaches. These con- tion with drafts as close to an even keel as possible.
ditions can lead to the creation of a tidal bore. 7.6In some parts of the river, the changes in depths and the di-
7.6Bores in the Hugli River occur only with a greater than aver- rections of the channels are very rapid and no attempt will be
age spring tide, and usually when the seaward flow is augment- made to describe them or the navigational aids which mark
ed by freshets. Extreme tidal bores are most prevalent in March them.
and September and reach heights of 2.4 to 6.1m. 7.6Although the charts may currently be correct, they can not be
7.6During the Northeast Monsoon, from November to February, relied on to give an accurate presentation of the depths and
freshets do not occur and for this reason, bores are a rarity. dangers which may be encountered because of these rapid
When they do occur during this particular season, it is likely to changes.
be at night. They are dangerous because they are unexpected. It 7.6Signals.—Signal stations are situated near the lighthouse on
is advisable to anticipate their occurrence during this season Sagar Island, on the E bank at Diamond Harbor, and at Hugli
whenever greater than average spring tides are predicted. Point, about 6 miles above Diamond Harbor. Diamond Harbor
7.6With the Southwest Monsoon, the occurrence of freshets Signal Station is connected by telegraph, and the other stations
during greater than average spring tides will always cause are connected by telephone with Calcutta.
bores, those preceding the daylight HW being higher than 7.6Caution.—An obstruction with a drying height of 0.8m exists
those at night. in position 22°11'01.8''N., 88°11'24.6''E, W of Rangafala Island.
7.6The first appearance of the bore is on Diamond Sand
(22°10'N., 88°10'E.), on the W side of the river abreast Dia- Haldia (22°01'N., 88°05'E.)
mond Harbor, where the ascending wave runs on as a breaking
roller. It is not of much consequence until it enters the contract- World Port Index No. 49555
ed reaches above Hugli Point, when, besides swamping boats,
it affects vessels at anchor by causing them to run upstream, es- 7.7 Haldia, a subsidiary port and anchorage, lies on the W
pecially if there is a strong S breeze. The bore reaches a maxi- bank of the Hugli River about 56 miles downriver from Calcut-
mum at Chunchura, about 26 miles above Kidderpore Docks, ta. An important secondary port; the oil port serves an oil refin-
and disappears about 14 miles farther up the river above Naya ery at Barauni, 280 miles NW by pipeline.
Serai. 7.7Depths—Limitations.—Extensive works are in progress to
7.6Vessels at moorings surge and roll during the passage of the dredge and deepen the approaches, channels, and berthing ar-
bore as there is a sudden lift of 1.2 to 1.8m; when bores are ex- eas. The results of dredging in shipping lanes are constantly re-
pected, springs must be put on the flood moorings close down to viewed to affirm permissible drafts. Drafts are issued as the
the buoys to relieve the jerk on the cable and bits. Vessels at an- draft of the day and forecast 6 weeks in advance.
chor have been known to break their anchor chains during ex- 7.7It has been reported (1996) that shoaling has begun to limit
treme tidal bores. the size of vessels able to use Berth No. 1.
7.6Depths—Limitations.—Bars, bends, and bores, known as 7.7Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table ti-
the three Bs, constitute the main dangers to shipping in the tled Haldia—Berth Information.

Haldia—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside LOA Size
Haldia Dock Complex (HDC)
Chemicals, clean products, crude products, coal, iron ore,
No. 2 260m 10.0m 238m 83,690 dwt
limestone, multipurpose, and bunkers.
Chemicals, crude products, coal, iron ore, limestone, multi-
No. 3 196m 12.2m 229m 81,444 dwt
purpose, and bunkers.
No. 4 150m 12.2m 239m 83,975 dwt Chemicals, clean products, coal, multipurpose, and bun-
kers.

Pub. 173
210 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Haldia—Berth Information
Depth Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
Alongside LOA Size
No. 4A 245m 12.2m 230m 81,149 dwt Chemicals, coal, breakbulk, and bunkers.
Chemicals, clean products, coal, iron ore, multipurpose,
No. 4B 181m 12.2m 235m 84,104 dwt
and bunkers.
Chemicals, vegetable oils, coal, fertilizer, breakbulk, multi-
No. 5 195m 12.2m 190m 50,786 dwt
purpose, and bunkers.
Chemicals, vegetable oils, coal, fertilizer, sugar, breakbulk,
No. 6 234m 12.2m 225m 75,726 dwt
multipurpose, and bunkers.
Chemicals, vegetable oils, fertilizer, sugar, breakbulk, mul-
No. 7 234m 12.2m 212m 75,000 dwt
tipurpose, and bunkers.
Chemicals, dirty products, coal, fertilizer, limestone, wood
No. 8 218m 12.2m 229m 83,416 dwt chips, container, steel products, breakbulk, and multipur-
pose.
Chemicals, dirty products, coal, fertilizer, limestone, wood
No. 9 218m 12.2m 229m 82,849 dwt
chips, container, breakbulk, multipurpose, and bunkers.
Coal, fertilizer, sugar, wood chips, container, and break-
No. 10 220m 12.2m 229m 82,489 dwt
bulk.
Chemicals, fertilizer, limestone, container, breakbulk, mul-
No. 11 220m 12.2m 229m 81,272 dwt tipurpose, and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of
440m.
Chemicals, iron ore, limestone, wood chips, breakbulk,
No. 12 220m 12.2m 229m 83,454 dwt
multipurpose, and bunkers.
No. 13 220m 10.0m 229m 83,448 dwt Coal, limestone, wood chips, and bunkers.
Haldia Refinery Terminal
Aviation fuel, chemical gases, chemicals, clean products,
HOJ-I 85m 12.2m 236m 90,000 dwt LPG, and bunkers. Berthing length of 290m (including dol-
phins).
Chemicals, clean products, crude, dirty products, LPG, and
HOJ-II 35m 12.2m 277m 150,000 dwt
bunkers. Berthing length of 330m (including dolphins).
Clean products, crude, dirty products, bunkers. Berthing
HOJ-III 105m 12.5m 275m 150,000 dwt
length of 330m (including dolphins).

7.7The Haldia dock system is approached through a lock Haldia—Contact Information

entrance at Haldia Point, with a least depth of 8.5m. Vessels up
to 230m in length can utilize this entrance, which leads to a Haldia International Container Terminal (HICT)
large turning basin and an enclosed dock extending about 91-3224-251-014
900m NNE. There is a depth of at least 8.5m throughout the
turning basin and dock system. 91-3224-251-015
Telephone
7.7Contact Information.—See the table titled Haldia— 91-3224-251-016
Contact Information.
91-3224-251-017

Haldia—Contact Information Facsimile 91-3224-253-881

Port E-mail hict@[Link]

VHF VHF channel 16 Web site [Link]

Telephone 91-3224-252-104 7.7Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in mid-channel, in a

Facsimile 91-3224-252-251 depth of 11m, abreast of the port area over a bottom of medium
to hard mud and sand, good holding ground.
Web site [Link]
7.7A vessel has anchored, in a depth of 12.8m, mud, with the

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 211

anchorage lights in range 244° and Bagnapara Mark bearing ferries ply across the river. The bridge marks the upper limit of
350° on the ebb and 339° on the flood. A good anchor watch is navigation for ocean-going vessels.
required because of the strong currents. 7.9Modern well-equipped berthing facilities are provided for all
Two mooring buoys are available; vessels are required to se-
7.7 classes of vessels alongside and at the mooring buoys in the
cure to these buoys with unshackled anchor chains. Mooring river.
takes place under the direction of the pilot and an experienced 7.9Calcutta, the second largest commercial port in India, is also
mooring crew is provided. the site of the largest city.
The maximum rate of the current in the river is about 5
7.7

knots, both on the flood and the ebb. Kolkata Port Trust
The pilot and the customs officer remain on board during the
7.7

vessels stay at Haldia and accommodations must be furnished. [Link]

Diamond Harbor Anchorage Tides—Currents.—Tides in the Hugli River at Calcutta are

7.9

semidiurnal.
7.8 Diamond Harbor Anchorage (22°11'N., 88°11'E.)
lies on the E bank of the Hugli River about 38 miles above
Sagar Roads, and provides anchorage for large vessels, in
depths of 11 to 23.8m. Because of the strong river current, at
least five shots of chain must be used and a good anchor watch
maintained. Mooring buoys are available for vessels requiring
them.
7.8Explosives destined for Calcutta are usually unloaded into
special barges at this anchorage.
7.8A signal and telegraph station and a customhouse are situat-
ed in the town.
7.8An examination anchorage area is enclosed by a line joining
the following positions:
a. 22°11'30"N., 88°11'00"E.
b. 22°11'30"N., 88°08'30"E.
c. 22°11'00"N., 88°08'30"E.
d. 22°11'00"N., 88°11'00"E.

Calcutta (Kolkata) (22°33'N., 88°19'E.) 7.9 Port of Kolkata

World Port Index No. 49560 When regular, the flood runs 5 hours and the ebb runs 7
7.9

hours. During the Northeast Monsoon, the velocity of the cur-

7.9 The port of Calcutta extends from Baj Baj, about 21 rent is 3 to 3.5 knots at springs and 1.5 to 2 knots at neaps. Be-
miles above Hugli Point, to Konnagar, about 21 miles farther tween March and July, the velocity of the flood is increased
upriver, the limits being marked by boundary pillars. The port and reaches a maximum velocity of 4 to 7 knots at springs.
is about 83 miles above the entrance of the Hugli River, and During the freshets, July to October, the flood is weak and of
about 128 miles from Eastern Channel Light Vessel, near The short duration and at neaps may be nearly imperceptible; the
Sandheads. ebb during freshets has a maximum velocity of 7 knots at
7.9The Howrah Bridge, about 15 miles above the downriver springs. Anchors are then quickly buried by the silt, so that
boundary of the port, crosses the river above Howrah Railway sometimes it is necessary to slip the cable and leave the anchor
Terminus and is a steel cantilever structure, with tower on ei- to be picked up by the Port Commissioners. The tidal currents
ther side of the river which rises to a height of 91m. Several set fair up and down Calcutta Reach.

Calcutta (Kolkata)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Size LOA Draft
Kolkata Dock Sytems (KDS)-I
No. 1 133m 9.1m 14,452dwt 136m — Breakbulk.
No. 2 153m 9.1m — 136m —
No. 3 153m 9.1m — 114m — Wood chips and breakbulk. Continuous
No. 4 154m 9.1m — 132m — berthing length of 614m.
No. 5 154m 9.1m — 157m —

Pub. 173
212 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Calcutta (Kolkata)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Size LOA Draft
No. 6 144m 9.1m 13,006 dwt 128m — Others, containers, and breakbulk.
No. 8 132m 9.1m — 103m —
No. 9 132m 9.1m — 122m — Breakbulk, fertilizer, and wood chips.
No. 10 133m 9.1m — 105m — Continuous berthing length of 530m.
No. 11 133m 9.1m — 130m —
No. 12 143m 9.1m — 100m — Breakbulk.
Kolkata Dock Systems (KDS)-II
No. 22 151m 9.1m 6,829 dwt 103m — Breakbulk and bulk cargo.
No. 23 147m 9.1m 6,564 dwt 103m — Breakbulk and grain.
No. 24 152m 9.1m 5,083 dwt 83m — Breakbulk.
No. 25 169m 9.1m — — — Breakbulk and bulk cargo.
No. 26 185m 9.1m 5,083 dwt 81m — Breakbulk, project/heavy cargo, and breakbulk.
No. 27 195m 9.1m 13,030 dwt 115m — Wood chips, breakbulk, and sulphur.
No. 28 195m 9.1m 6,544 dwt 103m — Wood chips, breakbulk, and bulk cargo.
No. 29 183m 9.1m 6,544 dwt 103m — Grain, wood chips, breakbulk, and bulk cargo.
Netaji Subhas Docks
No. 1 220m 8.2m — 164m — Containers, project/heavy cargo, and
No. 2 breakbulk. Continuous berthing length of
220m 8.5m — 164m — 440m.
No. 3 190m 8.7m — 164m — Containers and breakbulk.
No. 4 191m 8.5m — 164m — Breakbulk and containers. Continuous berthing
No. 5 191m 8.6m — 164m — length of 382m.
No. 6 160m — — 117m — Breakbulk and containers.
No. 7 192m 8.7m — 163m — Containers and breakbulk.
No. 8 192m 8.0m — 154m — Containers and breakbulk.
— Clean products, containers, breakbulk, and
No. 12 11m 7.9m 164m 5.3m bunkers. Berthing length of160m (including
dolphins).
No. 13 174m — — 164m — Breakbulk.
No. 14 174m — — 164m — Breakbulk.
Saugor Island Terminal
Vegetable oils, mineral ore, transhipment, and
Virtual
— — — 290m 10.5m offshore vessels. Berthing length of 400m (in-
Jetty
cluding dolphins). (Closed).
Budge Dudge (Baj Baj)
Clean products, dirty products, and vegetable
BBJ-01 60m 9.5m — 134m 6.8m
oils, and bunkers.
BBJ-02 28m 9.5m — 116m 5.3m Clean products, vegetable oils, and bunkers.
BBJ-03 60m 9.5m — 143m 5.4m Clean products, vegetable oils, and bunkers.
BBJ-05 60m 9.5m — 146m 5.3m Clean products, vegetable oils, and bunkers.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 213

Calcutta (Kolkata)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Size LOA Draft
Clean products, vegetable oils, and bunkers.
BBJ-07 30m 9.5m — 139m —
Berthing length of 156m (including dolphins).
BBJ-08 60m 9.5m — 173m 5.3m Clean products, vegetable oils, and bunkers.

7.9Depths—Limitations.—Mooring berths in the river have The Sundarbans, an extensive, heavily-wooded swampy area
7.10

sufficient depths to accommodate any vessel that can enter the in the S part of the Ganges Delta, is intersected by many creeks
river. Depths at the moorings range from 5.5 to 15.2m, but vary and rivers. The more important rivers are the Matla River, the
according to their location in the river. Raimangal River, the Malancha River, the Pusur River, the Har-
7.9 The lock entrance from the river to Kidderpore Docks is inghata River, and the Rabnabad Channel. An intricate series of
176.8m long and 24.4m wide. The lock entrance to Netaji branches connect these rivers whose courses are continually
Subhas Docks is 213.4m long and 27.4m wide. Berthing shifting their positions. Boats can be piloted through the Calcutta
details can be found in the accompanying tables Calcutta Canals towards Kulna, about 65 miles to the E. Kulna is the most
(Kolkata)—Berth Information. important center situated in the Sundarbans. The Meghna River,
7.9Vessels mooring in the river are required to moor head stern, the E branch of the Ganges, discharges the main volume of the
with two lower and stern cables shackled to the permanent Ganges waters.
moorings which are laid parallel with the banks. Depths—Limitations.—Swatch of No Ground (21°05'N.,
7.10

7.9Regulations.—Port Regulations are supplied to vessels on 89°17'E.) is a remarkable tongue-shaped depression lying S of
arrival by the harbor master. the entrance of the Pusur River. The NE side of the depression
7.9Rules regulating the handling of explosives are issued by the is centered in about position 21°24'N, 89°36'E. Depths around
port authorities. Masters of vessels with explosives on board the perimeter of this depression decrease rapidly from 36.6m to
are required to give an advance notice of arrival of 72 hours. over 183m within a distance of 1 to 2 miles along the N and
7.9Contact Information.—See the table titled Calcutta (Kolk- NW sides, and to much greater depths in its central and S parts.
ata)—Contact Information.
Swatch of No Ground ranges in width from 6 to 12 miles
7.10

Calcutta (Kolkata)—Contact Information within the 183m curve and is about 50 miles long. It has been
reported (2006) that depths of as little as 12m and 17m are lo-
Port cated in Swatch of No Ground, about 43 miles SSE of Putney
VHF VHF channel 16 Island. A depth of 17.5m lies close E in position 20°49.0'N,
89°20.3'E.
Telephone 91-33-2230-3451
The 11m curve, like the 18 and 35m curves to the S, extends
7.10

Facsimile 91-33-2220-4901 in a general E and W direction from a position about 25 miles

E-mail calport@[Link] S of the entrance of the Matla River to a position about 60
miles S of the mouth of the Hatia River. The 11m curve lies
Web site [Link] nearest to the coast about 11 miles S of the entrance of the Pu-
sur River.
Caution.—Numerous wrecks lie in the approaches and vi-
7.9 Those depths and dangers which lie within the 11m curve are
7.10

cinity of Calcutta. Many wrecks lie within the channel and are described together with the principal description of the coastal
best seen on the chart. Mariners are advised to transit the area features which they front.
with caution. East of Sagar Island is a series of low alluvial jungle-covered
7.10

islands intersected by numerous creeks and rivers.

India—The Sundarbans to the Chittagong Coast Saptamukhi Sand (21°20'N., 88°27'E.) and Bulcherry
7.10

Sand, both with depths of 5.5m and less, extend about 28 and
7.10 The Sundarbans, broken by many outlets of the Gan- 20 miles S, respectively, from the shore. Reliable information
ges, extends E from the entrance of the Hugli River for about about this part of the coast is scanty and the chart should be
165 miles to the entrance of the Tetulia River, the W mouth of used with great caution. Changes on the SW part of the Sund-
the Meghna River. arbans have been particularly rapid in recent years.

Special Storm Signals—Rivers of the Sundarbans

Signal Day Night Meaning
Cautionary Signal I Black diamond White light over red light Squally weather threatens your area.
Warning Signal II Black ball Red light A storm may affect you shortly.

Pub. 173
214 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Special Storm Signals—Rivers of the Sundarbans

Signal Day Night Meaning
Two red lights displayed
Danger Signal III Cone, point up A storm will soon strike you.
vertically
Cylinder, displayed ver- Three red lights displayed
Great Danger Signal IV A violent storm will soon strike you.
tically vertically

Lacams Channel (21°13'N., 88°24'E.), which lies close W

7.10 ward Halliday Island. The maximum recorded velocity of the
of Saptamukhi Sand leads N into the Baratala River on the E ebb current is 2.5 knots.
side of Sagar Island. Saptamukhi Channel, which lies close E Aspect.—Clumps of trees lie on Dalhousie Point on the W
7.11

of Saptamukhi Sand and is the common entrance of the Jamira side of the island of the same name. This point and Halliday Is-
River on the E and the Saptamukhi River on the W. Ocean-go- land to the NW, may be seen from a distance of 10 miles when
ing vessels cannot use the channels. the height of eye is about 7.3m. When close to Dalhousie
A dangerous wreck is situated in the outer approach to La-
7.10 Point, conspicuous when the sun is shining, appears as a high,
cams Channel, about 18 miles E of Eastern Channel Light. white sandy beach.
Signals.—Special storm signals, used on the rivers of the
7.10 Below Kattali, which lies 12 miles N of the N end of Dal-
7.11

Sundarbans, are displayed at Namkhana, Barisal, Goalunda, housie Island, the land is so low that at HWS the water runs
Noakhali, Narayanganj, Chandpar, Mongla, and at some river some distance inland. From the sea to Eedoo Reach, about 23
police stations in Bengal, Assam, and Bangladesh; for further miles above Kattali, the land is covered by dense jungle. Be-
information, see the accompanying table titled Special Storm tween this reach and Port Canning, about 8 miles distant, the
Signals—Rivers of the Sundarbans. banks are marked by villages.

India—The Matla River 7.12 Port Canning (22°19'N., 88°39'E.), about 60 miles
above the entrance of the Matla River, is connected with Cal-
7.11 The Matla River (21°37'N., 88°41'E.), about 34 cutta by railroad.
miles E of Sagar Island Light, lies with its mouth between Dal- Anchorage can be taken off the port, in depths of 7.3 to
7.12

housie Island and Bulcherry Island. The river is entered 14.6m, but local knowledge is essential.
through Eastern Channel and Western Channel, which are di- The coast between the Matla River and the Pusur River,
7.12

vided by a partly drying shoal known as Raimatla Sand (West about 50 miles to the E, is marked by the entrances of the Ban-
Spit), about 10 miles S of Dalhousie Island. Shoals at the en- gaduni River, the Guasuba River, the Raimangal River, and the
trance are subject to change and, since pilotage is not available, Malancha River. All of these rivers are fronted by shoals which
caution is necessary in navigating these two channels and the extend from 3 to 17 miles offshore.
Matla River. Dalhousie Sand (21°24'N., 88°51'E.) extends about 17
7.12

Eastern Channel has least charted depths of 7.9 to 12.8m;

7.11 miles SSE from Dalhousie Point.
Western Channel has least charted depths of 6.1 to 11m. West- Bangaduni Island (21°33'N., 88°52'E.), which lies between
7.12

ern Channel is preferred to Eastern Channel, but navigation is the mouths of the Bangaduni River and the Guasuba River, is
dangerous because the depths in the approach to the SW side of fronted by Bangaduni Sand, which extends about 17 miles SE
Dalhousie Island are fairly regular and the lead gives no warn- from it. Both of these rivers have shallow entrances and are of
ing of the proximity of the steep-to bordering sands. This con- no commercial value. The Raimangal River and the Malancha
dition also exists within the river. River farther to the E are both shallow.
Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents below Dalhousie Sand
7.11 The Harinbhanga River opens 12 miles ENE of the Guasuba
7.12

appear to rotate; the flood current sets WNW at its commence- River; the Raimangal River is about 4 miles E; both enter the
ment and works through N around ENE. The ebb current sets ESE sea through a common estuary which extends miles S. It has a
through S to WSW. Velocities of the flood and ebb currents are 2 least depth of 6.4m in its approach, but local knowledge is es-
to 3 knots at springs and 1 to 1.5 knots at neaps. sential for entering.
In the channel, the flood current runs toward the E shore un-
7.11 New Moore Island (South Talpatty Island) (Purbasha Island
7.12

til abreast of Dalhousie River at the N end of Dalhousie Island, (21°37'N., 89°09'E.) is located on the W side of the main en-
then it crosses S of Grappler Sand and runs toward Peel Point, trance channel to the Harinbhanga River; the boundary be-
forming eddies. It then runs N for about 8 miles to Roger tween India and Bangladesh lies in the vicinity.
Point (21°55'N., 88°40'E.) where it bifurcates, the greater por-
tion going up Bidda River and the balance running around Bangladesh—The Pusur River to Khulna, includ-
Roger Point into Katalli Bight, leaving slack water in the vicin- ing the Mongla Anchorage
ity of Bidda River Point. The velocity of the flood current var-
ies in different parts of the river, but 5 knots is the maximum 7.13 The Pusur River (21°46'N., 89°30'E.) is entered be-
velocity recorded. tween Jefford Point and West Point, about 8 miles to the W.
The ebb current sets fairly down the river; off Roger Point it
7.11 Zulfiquar Channel extends N from the bar which lies between
forms numerous eddies. At the last of the ebb, the current sets these two points and joins the deep channel leading through the
from abreast the N end of Dalhousie Island across the river to- estuary to Akram Point about 15 miles to the N. This point lies

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 215

at the junction of the Sibsa River and the Pusur River. Boar tively, after HW and LW in the entrance. The velocity of the
Point lies on the E side of Zulfiquar Channel about 5 miles N ebb was reported to be 6 knots at springs at the anchorage off
of Jefford Point. Hiran Point lies on the W side of the channel Mongla.
about 6.5 miles NE of West Point. Depths—Limitations.—A bar, about 5 miles wide with a
7.13

The Pusur River, between Akram Point and the anchorage

7.13 least depth of 5.5m, lies in the approach to the Pusur River be-
off Mongla, is fairly broad and navigable 24 hours. tween 5 and 10 miles S of the entrance. Lighted Buoy B1 to
Vessels with a speed of less than 8.5 knots shall not be permit-
7.13 Lighted Buoy B10 mark both sides of the channel across the
ted to transit the river during springs. Under special circumstanc- bar. A dangerous wreck, marked by a buoy moored close S, lies
es, provided permission is granted, a tug will have to be hired on the E side close S of the channel entrance.
from the port to assist a vessel within the port limits. Requests Following pilot instructions, vessels drawing up to 7m may
7.13

for a tug must be made at least 24 hours in advance. For reasons cross the bar in all seasons. During Southwest Monsoon, 7.8m
of safety, Mongla Anchorage is normally departed only on the draft may be permitted. The maximum permissible fresh water
flood. Deep-draft vessels depart on the first of the flood. draft for Chalna Port is published each day in advance by the
This coast must be approached with caution at all times and
7.13 Chalna Port Authorities. Draft permitting, the bar can be
soundings taken continuously. Swatch of No Ground is a good crossed anytime both by day and night.
aid for vessels coming from the W. The change in the water When crossing the bar during the Southwest Monsoon, ves-
7.13

from blue or blue-green to a yellow color normally indicates sels should have not less than 1.2m of water under the keel and
the approach to shallow water. During the ebb at springs, yel- not exceed a speed of 12 knots. During the Northeast Mon-
low water is found as far seaward as Swatch of No Ground. soon, a minimum clearance of 1m under the keel is considered
In 1985, lesser than charted depth was reported 17.5 miles
7.13 a safe margin for crossing the bar.
SSW of Jefford Point. The best time to cross the bar inbound is about 1 hour before
7.13

A dangerous wreck lies about 18 miles SSW of Jefford Point

7.13 HW in the entrance. Outbound vessels should cross the bar
and is marked on its SW side by a lighted buoy. during the last 45 minutes of the flood. During the first stage of
Winds—Weather.—Haze generally prevails in the ap-
7.13 the ebb, the river level drops very rapidly.
proaches to the low coast, except at the change of the seasons. The depths over the crossings inside the river range from 5.8
7.13

Fog, off the coast and in the river, occasionally occurs during to 7m. Vessels with a fresh water draft of 7.3m and vessels with
the change of seasons, but it usually lifts during the forenoon. drafts of 7.5 to 7.6m can enter the river during spring tides in
In general, thick weather can be expected during the Southwest September through December, and proceed as far as the an-
Monsoon from May to September. chorage off Mongla, about 48 miles above Jefford Point. Ves-
At the anchorage off Mungra, vessels are required to have
7.13 sels with a maximum draft of 4.9m can proceed to Khulna,
steam ready for meeting any emergency during northwesters, about 25 miles above Mongla Anchorage.
March through May, and during the Southwest Monsoon. A dangerous wreck with exposed masts lies about 11 miles
7.13

Northwesters are usually directional as their name implies; SSW from Jefford Point; close W of Buoy B5. Another dangerous
they are storms accompanied by heavy rain and high winds, wreck lies approximately 6 miles NW of Fairway Buoy.
with velocities up to 30 to 40 knots. Northwesters give about 2 Numerous fishing boats and nets have been reported in the
7.13

or 3 hours notice, and vessels are usually advised in the day’s vicinity of the river entrance.
weather forecast. Sawar Sand (21°42'N., 89°28'E.), awash at HW, lies on the
7.13

Tides—Currents.—Tides in the Pusur River are semi-diur-

7.13 W side of Zulfiquar Channel with its N edge 4.5 miles S of Hi-
nal. High water over the bar occurs about 1 hour before pre- ran Point. An unnamed sand, which dries in patches, lies about
dicted HW for the river entrance. midway between Sawar Sand and Hiran Point.
Tide gauges lie on the river banks at Hiran Point, abreast
7.13 Dubla Shoal (21°46'N., 89°31'E.), with depths of less than
7.13

Sundarkota Khal, about 9 miles above Akram Point, about 5 1.8m and patches which dry up to 0.9m, lies on the E side of
miles below Mongla, and about 1.5 miles below Chalna Bazar. the channel between Jefford and Boar Points.
Tidal heights vary with the season, being lower in February
7.13 Pavanga Shoal (21°51'N., 89°30'E.), with depths of less
7.13

and March and higher in July through November. than 5.5m and a central drying area, lies on the W side of the
At Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy (21°27'N., 89°34'E.),
7.13 main fairway with its S end about 1.5 miles SW of Boar Point.
17.5 miles S of Jefford Point, the ebb sets about SSE and the The S end of this shoal has been reported extending to the S.
flood sets NNW. The velocity of the current is about 2 knots at Less water has been reported in the channel W of the N part of
springs during the Northeast Monsoon. At the time of the Pavanga Shoal.
Southwest Monsoon, the ebb is stronger and the flood is weak- The channels and depths within the Pusur River and its ap-
7.13

er. proaches are subject to frequent change. Depths of up to 2m

In Zulfiquar Channel, the ebb flows at a velocity of about 3
7.13 less than charted have been reported. Buoyage and other aids to
knots at springs. The currents turn about 1 hour after high and navigation are adjusted accordingly. Mariners should contact
low water in the entrance of the Pusur River. Extensive rips and the pilot station at Hiran Point on VHF channel 11 or 16 for de-
eddies mark the edges of Sarwar Sand and Dubla Shoal. tailed instructions prior to approaching Mongla Fairway Light-
At the anchorage off Mongla the ebb has a velocity of about
7.13 ed Buoy.
4 knots at springs. The currents turn about 4.5 hours after HW Aspect.—The terrain in the vicinity of the river is low and has
7.13

and LW in the entrance. no distinctive landmarks which can be seen from the offing.
A report states the currents turn in Zulfiquar Channel about 2
7.13 Land is not normally sighted until the outer bar is crossed. Jef-
hours and at the anchorage off Mongla about 3 hours, respec- ford Point Light (21°44'N., 89°32'E.) is shown from a gray met-

Pub. 173
216 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

al-framed tower. Reports indicate that the entrance is a poor can be taken outside the bar, in depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, good
radar target. holding ground, about 14.5 miles S of Jefford Point. Deeper
The radiobeacon antenna, about 1.5 miles NNW of Hiran
7.13 water exists about 0.8 mile N of this position.
Point is reported to be a good landmark when approaching the Unsheltered anchorage, with good holding ground, can be
7.13

entrance. Some white houses stand near this radiobeacon. taken, in a depth of 8.2m, about 1.5 miles NE of Sarwar Sand
Hiran Point Light is shown from a gray metal-framed tower.
7.13 Lighted Beacon.
The entrance of the river, between the approach to the bar
7.13 A vessel should not anchor N of 21°47'N to avoid Pavanga
7.13

and the central part of Zulfiquar Channel, is normally buoyed Shoal.

and marked in places by light floats. Lighted Buoy Z2, Lighted Caution.—In 1976, strict security measures were in force in
7.13

Buoy Z3, and Lighted Buoy Z4 mark the fairway through Zu- the port area. A ban on bathing and swimming in the anchorage
lfiquar Channel. After the annual winter survey of the bar, the was strictly enforced.
floating aids are moved to conform with the changes in the Mongla Port Rules are used primarily by the pilots and port
7.13

channel; replacement of aids is not always made. service organizations.

During severe weather, the buoys are liable to be blown off
7.13 If repairs are to be made to a vessel at the anchorage and the
7.13

station; their charted positions cannot always be relied on. work requires the immobilization of the vessel, permission
A lighted fairway buoy, equipped with a radar reflector, is
7.13 should be obtained from the port authorities.
moored about 20 miles SSW of Jefford Point. Within the river The aids to navigation in the Pusur River are reported (2007)
7.13

above the bar, the main fairway, as far N as Chalna Bazar, is to be unreliable; they may be missing, unlit, or out of position.
well-marked by navigational aids. Some of these are equipped The 5m curve of Pavanga Shoal was reported to be extending
7.13

with radar reflectors. S to Buoy B18; a shoal patch, with a least depth of 5.3m, was
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 200
7.13 reported between Buoy B18 and Buoy B15.
gross tons. Pilots board 2 miles SE of Hiran Point or, in bad Anchored vessels may be encountered in the vicinity of
7.13

weather, off Akram Point (21°59.4'N., 89°31.9'E.). Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy, in the vicinity of Buoy B18,
Regulations.—Vessels should arrive at Mongla Fairway
7.13 and anywhere along the Pusur River from latitude 21°46.0'N to
Lighted Buoy at least 3 hours prior to HW at Hiran Point to en- Mongla Anchorage.
ter that day.
The Port Director at Khulna is to be notified 24 hours in ad-
7.13 7.14 Mongla Anchorage (Chalna Bazar) (22°28'N.,
vance of vessel’s arrival as to the state of health on board and 89°35'E.) (World Port Index No. 49580), the lighterage port for
vessel’s last port of call. Radio pratique may be granted. A re- Chalna, consists of a river anchorage in the Pusur River, about
port states that health officials board vessels about 7 miles be- 66 miles above Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy and 9 miles
low Mongla Anchorage (Chalna Anchorage). The port health downstream from Mongla Bazar.
officer is stationed at Khulna.
Vessels should send their ETA to Port Control, via their
7.13
Mongla Home Page
agent, and to the pilots, on VHF channel 11, at least 24 hours
prior to arriving at Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy. The ETA [Link]
message should include the following information:
1. ETA at Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy. Depths—Limitations.—The anchorage area stretches along
7.14

2. Fresh water draft. the river for about 3 miles and has depths which range from 6.4
3. Speed. to 13.7m. Several swing moorings are available. One of the
4. Length overall. vessel’s chains is made fast to a buoy with the assistance of a
5. Gross tonnage. mooring tug. Vessels can also anchor in midstream at nine ad-
6. Flag. ditional anchorage berths. The holding ground is good. All car-
7. Fresh water requirements. go is discharged into lighters and transferred to Mongla.
8. Type and amount of cargo. Vessels up to 6.9m draft may use the anchorage, and of slightly
9. Local agent. greater draft in the flood season.
On, or before, arriving at Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy,
7.13 To prevent dragging anchors when a strong ebb is running,
7.14

vessels should contact the pilot station on VHF channel 16 for especially during the Southwest Monsoon spring tides, it is ad-
instructions on crossing the bar. visable not to moor more than two large or four average-size
Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon, anchorage
7.13 lighters alongside a vessel.

Mongla—Berth Information
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Dubai Bangladesh Cement Mills Limited
Cement Jetty 175m — Cement, clinker, others, and bunkers.
Holcim Bangladesh Limited
Cement, clinker, and bunkers. Berthing
Cement Jetty 130m 6.5m
length of 140m (including dolphins).

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 217

Mongla—Berth Information
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Meghna Cement Mills Ltd Terminal
LPG, cement, clinker, multipurpose, and
Cement Jetty 200m — bunkers. Berthing length of 240m
(including dolphins).
Mongla Cement Factory
Cement Jetty 186m — Cement, clinker, and bunkers. Berthing
length of 190m (including dolphins).
Mongla Port
J05 183m — Ro-ro/lo-lo, container, and breakbulk
J06 183m —
J07 183m — Ro-ro/lo-lo, container, breakbulk, and
bunkers. Continuous berthing length of
J08 183m — 732m.
J09 183m —
Petromax Terminal
Products Jetty 48m — LPG and clean products.
LAUGFS Gas
LPG Jetty 115m — LPG.
Omera Petroleum Limited
LPG Jetty 150m 10.0m LPG.
Orion Gas
LPG Jetty 53m — LPG.

Hazardous cargo can be discharged about 5 to 6 miles below

7.14 unsuitable because moored vessels were frequently set adrift by
the anchorage. the strong freshets and eddies. Ocean-going vessels no longer
Tugs are available for handling the lighters.
7.14 use this anchorage.
Five vessels can be berthed at the jetties, which can handle
7.14

drafts between 5.2 and 7.0m. Eight moorings also exist for ves- Mongla—Contact Information
sels with drafts between 4.1 and 8.0m.
Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table
7.14
Port Control
Mongla—Berth Information. VHF VHF channels 11 and 16
Pilotage.—Pilotage is provided by Hiran Point. The vessel’s
7.14

Telephone 880-4662-75367
ETA should be sent 24 hours in advance through the pilot sta-
tion at Hiran Point. Further information regarding pilotage and Harbormaster
regulations can be found in paragraph 7.13.
Telephone 880-468-75221
Regulations.—No vessel should attempt to cross the outer
7.14

bar without a pilot on board. If the pilot is unable to board at E-mail hm@[Link]
the fairway buoy, the vessel should wait until detailed Port Authority
instructions are received by radio. At this time navigational
aids, depths, and pilotage information should be verified. 880-468-75215
Mongla pilots emphasize that all instructions received over Telephone
880-468-75200
VHF are repeated by the Master to ensure understanding.
Signals.—Storm signals are displayed for the Bay of Bengal
7.14
Facsimile 880-468-75224
from the signal tower on the E side of the river at Mongla. E-mail mpa@[Link]
Contact Information.—See the table titled Mongla—Con-
7.14

tact Information. Web site [Link]

Anchorage.—Old Chalna Anchorage, about 9 miles above
7.14

Mongla Anchorage, extends about 1 mile below Mongla Bazar Mongla Wharf, five berths with a total length of 920m and
7.14

and has a least depth of 3.8m. In 1974, the maximum draft an alongside dredged depth of 6.1m, stand on the E bank of the
allowed at Mongla was 7.3m. This site was found to be Pusur River, about 2 miles N of the anchorage off Mongla.

Pub. 173
218 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Directions.—From a position close E of Fairway Lighted

7.14 ENE from the S point of the E Rabnabad Island to a position
Buoy, steer N for about 3 miles to the buoyed channel entrance. about 6 miles E of the SE point of South Hatia Island
This buoyed channel should be followed, according to radioed (22°15'N., 91°05'E.).
instructions, to the anchorage area about 1.3 miles SE Hiran Meghna Flats (21°30'N., 90°24'E.), an area of shoal ground
7.16

Point Light. with depths of 5.5m and less, lie between the entrance of the
When entering or leaving, Dubla Shoal Lighted Buoy should
7.14 Haringhata River and the entrance of the Shahbazpur River,
be passed to the W and the lighted buoys off Sarwar Sand and about 60 miles to the NE. These flats and shoals extend up to
Pavanga Shoal should be passed to the E. 45 miles S of the mouths of the Meghna River.
Vessels are required to display their call sign by International
7.14 D’Apres Shoal (22°00'N., 91°09'E.), a drying sand bank
7.16

Code Signal Flags when entering port and while at the anchor- with a 2.4m depth, lies on the E side of the entrance of the
age off Hiran Point awaiting a pilot. Shahbazpur River, about 14 miles S of the SE point of South
Hatia Island.
7.15 The Haringhata River (21°50'N., 89°57'E.), one of
the principal outlets of the Ganges, is entered through an estu- 7.17 Sandwip Island (22°28'N., 91°29'E.), the furthest E,
ary about 7 miles wide at the entrance. Tiger Point lies on the is one of the largest of the numerous islands which lie between
W side of the entrance, about 17.5 miles NE of Pusur Point. the entrances of the Meghna River.
The river is navigable by ocean vessels as far inland as Mor-
7.15 Several shoal spurs, with depths of 5.5m and less, extend up
7.17

relgonj, about 37 miles from the entrance, and throughout its to 22 miles S from South Hatia Island and extend irregularly
entire course by the largest native boats. Navigation of this riv- NE to a position about 15 miles S of Sandwip Island. In 1979,
er is said to be easier than that of any other river at the head of less water than charted was reported 35 miles S of South Hatia
the Bay of Bengal, as the river is free from tidal bores and mid- Island. Two detached shoals, with depths of 2.4 and 5.5m, lie in
channel dangers. the entrance of the narrow channel on the W side of Sandwip
The river should not be entered without local knowledge or a
7.15 Island, about 6.5 and 7.5 miles S of the SW point of that island.
pilot aboard. Tides—Currents.—The velocity of the tidal current in the
7.17

Tidal currents within the river are reported to exceed a veloc-

7.15 vicinity of D’Apres Shoal is about 4 knots.
ity of 4 knots at springs. During the first 30 minutes of the flood, there is always a
7.17

Caution.—A bar, with a LW depth of about 4.6m, fronts the

7.15 swell in depths of 9.1m and less.
mouth of the Haringhata. About 40 miles SW of D’Apres Shoal the tidal current contin-
7.17

ues to run N and NE for 1 hour after HW and SSW and SW for
7.16 Argo Flat (21°44'N., 89°57'E.), an extensive area of 1.5 hours after LW. During spring tides the tidal currents set N
shoal ground with depths of less than 5.5m, lies between Pusur and S and at neaps they gradually turn in a clockwise direction.
Point and Landfall Point, about 30 miles ENE. The flat extends Tidal currents setting more to the W than the E are experienced
up to 19 miles offshore and dries in patches up to 8 miles S of during good weather. The estimated velocity of the ebb current
Tiger Point. Heavy breakers have been observed over these at springs is from 4 to 6 knots and at neaps about 2.5 knots.
patches. Depths—Limitations.—The Meghna River discharges the
7.17

Morrelgonj, a local rice exporting center, lies on the river

7.16 main volume of the waters of the Ganges River and the Brahma-
bank about 37 miles above the entrance. Local river steamers putra River through its four principal mouths (the Tetulia River,
frequent the port. the Shahbazpur River, the Hatia River, and Sandwip Channel).
Good holding ground and shelter is provided at the anchor-
7.16 The Brahmaputra River joins the Ganges River at Goalunda; the
age in the river abreast of the town. combined waters enter the Meghna River at Chandpur. In 1979,
Rabnabad Channel Entrance (21°50'N., 90°16'E.) lies
7.16 the banks S of the entrances to these two rivers were extending S
about 8 miles ENE of Landfall Point. The narrow channel and less water was reported.
within the entrance has a least charted depth of 4.3m in its N The Hatia River, the only navigable passage of the Meghna
7.17

part, which lies between the westernmost Rabnabad Island and River, passes between Sandwip Island on the E and the Hatia
the mainland to the W. Above this island, the channel connects Islands group to the W. Sandwip Channel, between Sandwip
with the Ganges River through the Kaja River and the Tetulia Island and the mainland coast to the E, is closed by sandbanks
River. Little is known of these latter two rivers. N of the N end of Sandwip Island.
Payra Sea Port is under development (2016); one multipur-
7.16 Vessels, with a draft of 3m, can proceed upriver as far as
7.17

pose and one bulk terminal are expected to be completed by Narayanganj.

2018 with the port being fully operational by 2023. In 1964, Hatia Channel, the navigable entrance of the Megh-
7.17

Pilotage.—Boarding locations are dependent on weather

7.16 na River, had its entrance about 9 miles SE of the S extremity
conditions and are best seen on the chart, as follows: of Sandwip Island. The buoyed channel leading from the en-
1. Fair weather boarding position—approximately 1.3 trance extends NW and W to a position midway between South
miles SW of the Payra Fairway Light in position 21°21.1'N, Hatia Island and North Hatia Island.
90°02.4'E. Depths in Hatia Channel and over the adjoining shoals are
7.17

2. Rough weather boarding position—21 miles NE of subject to rapid changes, and the buoys may be moved to con-
the Payra Fairway Light in position 21°41.0'N, 90°15.0'E. form to these changes. Extreme caution is advised.
An area between the S point of the E Rabnabad Island and a
7.16 Directions cannot be given because of the rapid changes in
7.17

position about 18 miles to the E has not been surveyed. A simi- the depths and no one without local knowledge or a pilot
lar unsurveyed area lies N of a line extending about 50 miles aboard should attempt to enter. Pilots are available at Chit-

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 219

tagong. night or the land by day.

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken off the W side of
7.17 Depths—Limitations.—Off the Chittagong coast the depths
7.18

Sandwip Island, abreast of the village of Sandwip or in Sand- decrease gradually from the 36.6m curve, about 22 miles W of
wip Channel E of that island. A shallow flat extends about 6 Elephant Point (21°11'N., 92°03'E.), to the 11m curve about
miles S of the island. Authority Lighted Buoy is moored about 15 miles SSW of the entrance of the Karnaphuli River. With
9.5 miles SE of Sandwip and 2.5 miles SSW of a dangerous but few exceptions, all of the known dangers which lie off this
wreck. The lighted buoys marking the S approaches to Hatia section of coast are contained within the 11m curve.
Channel are moved as the channel changes.
Caution.—Sandwip and the Hatia Islands are particularly
7.17 7.19 Dolphin Shoal (21°51'N., 91°46'E.), with a least
subject to flooding by storm waves. depth of 6.4m, lies between 3.3 and 5 miles WSW of Kutub-
A dangerous wreck, marked by a lighted buoy, is situated 10
7.17 dia Light (21°52'N., 91°51'E.). A shoal, with a least depth of
miles SE of the S end of Sandwip Island. 8.2m, lies about 7 miles WSW of the lighthouse.
It has been reported that the Meghan River can be dangerous
7.17 North Patches (21°43'N., 91°44'E.), a group of hard, sand
7.19

for navigation between February and November. A tidal bore shoals with depths of 4.1 to 5.5m, extend about 8 miles S from
affects the lower parts of the river, especially around the equi- a position about 7.5 miles SW of Kutubdia Light. Less water
noxes. Shifting banks and snags also present a hazard. Vessels than charted may exist over these shoals.
should always use local knowledge. A narrow shoal bank, about 4.5 miles long with a least depth
7.19

Chandpur (23°09'N., 90°33'E.), a small river port frequented

7.17 of 9.4m, lies centered about 23.8 miles SSW of Kutubdia
by local steamers, lies at the junction of the Meghna River and Light.
Chandpur Khal. The port has little commercial value. South Patches (21°26'N., 91°40'E.), a narrow shoal bank
7.19

Narayanganj (23°37'N., 90°32'E.), a small river port and

7.17 with a least depth of 9.1m, lies centered about 28 miles SSW of
transshipment point, lies about 8 miles SE of Dacca on the left Kutubdia Light.
bank of the Lakhya River near its junction with the Meghna Reju Shoal (21°17'N., 91°59'E.), small in extent with a least
7.19

River. Local steamers frequent the port. depth of 4.9m, lies about 7 miles NNW of Elephant Point.
In 1977, the shoal was reported to be 0.5 mile NW of its
7.19

Bangladesh—The Chittagong Coast to Elephant charted position.

Point A detached 14.6m patch lies about 25.8 miles NW, and a
7.19

similar detached patch lies 27.5 miles WNW of Elephant Point.

7.18 The coast of the Chittagong District extends S from the Kohinur Shoal (21°07'N., 91°38'E.), with a least depth of
7.19

Feni River for about 150 miles to the Naf River, the boundary 21.9m, was reported to exist about 23.5 miles W of Elephant
between Bangladesh and Burma, which lies about 5 miles NE of Point.
St. Martins Island. The Feni River empties into Sandwip Chan- Caution.—The greatest care is necessary in making the en-
7.19

nel about 8 miles N of the N extremity of Sandwip Island. Be- trance of the Karnaphuli River. Whatever the state of the
tween the entrance of the Karnaphuli River and Cox’s Bazar, the weather or the time of the year, but especially during the
coast is broken by Kutubdia Island and Maiskhal Island. South Southwest Monsoon from April to September, mariners should
of Cox’s Bazar to Elephant Point, low hills rise close inland and exercise extreme caution, being cognizant of the depths and
cliffs mark the coastline. Chains of mountain ranges rise parallel dangers.
with the Chittagong Coast at varying distances inland. Even with favorable weather and when a vessel’s position is
7.19

Sitakund Mountain (22°38'N., 91°41'E.) rises to an eleva-

7.18 known, strict attention to the depth as well as to the course and
tion of 352m, about 20 miles NNW of Chittagong. A ridge of distance made good over the ground is necessary.
hills extends SSE from this mountain and roughly parallels the If the position is doubtful and there is a strong flood or N cur-
7.19

coast for about 18 miles. Nagarkhana, 88m high, lies about 17 rent, it is well to anchor to avoid being set on the shoals lying off
miles SSE of Sitakund Mountain. Fakir Hill, 73m high, lies Sandwip Island and the entrance of the Meghna River. These
about 1 mile farther S at the S end of the ridge close N of Chit- shoals may lie farther S than indicated on the chart.
tagong. A black pillar, 6.1m high, lies atop this hill. When approaching from the SW and uncertain of a vessel’s
7.19

From a position along the coast E of the N part of Sandwip

7.18 position, a landfall can be made in the vicinity of the conspicu-
Island, a white sandy beach borders the shore for about 27 ous white cliffs about 4 miles SSE of Cox’s Bazar.
miles SSE to the mouth of the Karnaphuli River. Vessels should pass outside of South Patches, North Patches,
7.19

Winds—Weather.—During the Northeast Monsoon, from

7.18 and Dolphin Shoal. Soundings should be taken frequently and
October to March, small fog banks or thick mists occur on the allowances made for tidal currents.
Chittagong Coast on an average of 2.5 days a month. These A stranded wreck lies about 23 miles SW of Kutubdia Island
7.19

weather conditions cause the lights in some instances to as- Light.

sume a deep red color and in other instances to completely ob-
scure them. Bangladesh—Approach to the Karnaphuli River
Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents in this part of the Bay
7.18

of Bengal set N and S with the trend of the coast; the velocity 7.20 The entrance of the Karnaphuli River lies between
at spring tides ranges from 4 to 6 knots. In hazy weather, ves- Patenga Point (22°13'N., 91°48'E.) and Norman’s Point, about
sels have been swept past the entrance of the Karnaphuli River 1.3 miles SSE.
by the flood or N current and set upon the sands S and SW of Tides—Currents.—About 0.5 mile W of the outer bar at the
7.20

Sandwip Island, without sighting Kutubdia Island Light by entrance of the Karnaphuli River, the flood current sets NNW

Pub. 173
220 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

and the ebb current sets SSE. The tidal current turns about 1.5 Signals.—A signal station lies on Juldia Hill and is equipped
7.20

hours after HW and LW near Juldia, and 1.3 hours after HW with radiotelephones and facilities for signaling by the Interna-
and LW at Chittagong. The ebb current is very strong during tional Code of Signals, on a 24-hour basis.
the rainy season from April to September. Under ordinary con- Storm signals are displayed at Norman’s Point; the Indian
7.20

ditions, the velocity of the tidal current is about 2 knots at General System is used. Further information on storm signals
neaps and 3 to 4 knots at springs. may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
The mean range of the tide at Chittagong is 2.9m; the spring
7.20 South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
range is 3.6m. nals.”
Depths—Limitations.—On the W side of the approach to the
7.20 Weather signals will be displayed from the Port Commis-
7.20

entrance of the Karnaphuli River from the SSW, depths of less sioner’s Office for inland vessels and small craft.
than 9.1m lie SE of Meghna Flats and S of Sandwip Island. All vessels entering or leaving port should display their sig-
7.20

Dangers on the E side of the approach consists of South

7.20 nal letters.
Patches, North Patches, Dolphin Shoal, and the 8.2m shoal, all Anchorage.—Three anchorage areas, lettered A through C,
7.20

of which have been previously described in paragraph 7.19. lie off the entrance of the Karnaphuli River. The least charted
Two wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie about 6 miles SSW of
7.20 depth in each anchorage area is, as follows:
Patenga Point. 1. Anchorage A—9.3m. Depths can be up to 0.8m
Aspect.—Patenga Point (22°13'N., 91°48'E.), on the N side
7.20 shoaler than charted.
of the entrance of the Karnaphuli River, is low, flat, and 2. Anchorage B—7.7m. Depths can be up to 1.1m shoal-
marked by a few trees. A drying sandy mud flat extends about er than charted.
0.5 mile SW from the point. Range lights in line bearing 037°, 3. Anchorage C—7.9m.
lie approximately 0.5 mile NE of Patenga Point, but are report- Pilotage is compulsory for vessels bound for the anchorages
7.20

edly difficult to distinguish. with a draft more than 10m. Vessels should notify the port au-
Norman’s Point (22°12'N., 91°49'E.), a low extremity of the
7.20 thority at least 72 hours prior to arrival.
coast, lies on the S side of the entrance of the Karnaphuli. Ex- Anchorage A is for vessels with a draft of over 9.2m. Anchor-
7.20

tensive marshland that dries fronts the coast. age B is for vessels entering within 24 hours. Anchorage C is for
Norman’s Point Light shows from a red and white framework
7.20 lightering and other vessels not scheduled to enter for 24 hours.
tower, 1.3 miles S of Norman’s Point; a racon is located at the The limits of these three areas, together with the prohibited an-
light. chorage area, can best be seen on the chart.
Four Tree Hill, 38m high and topped by trees, lies 2.5 miles
7.20 North of a bearing of 055° on Patenga Lighted Beacon, the
7.20

ENE of Norman’s Point. From a distance, the hill appears to holding ground is soft mud and vessels are liable to drag. The
form the S end of a tableland of which Juldia Hill, about 1.5 mud is firmer farther S of this bearing, but attention should be
miles NNW of Four Tree Hill, is a part. given to the strong ebb which is experienced here especially
Coombs Pillar (22°15'N., 91°51'E.), a white mark 9.1m
7.20 during the Southwest Monsoon. A vessel using this anchorage
high, stands on the highest part of the ridge, about 0.8 mile N should note the way it swings at the change of the tide, because
of Juldia Hill. it is liable to swing in one direction only. Vessels anchor should
A conspicuous flare stands 2.3 miles N of Patenga Point.
7.20 be sighted at regular intervals to avoid fouling.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels 200 tons or
7.20 A vessel reported anchoring in a depth of 10.5m with Nor-
7.20

greater. The river entrance is constantly changing and no vessel man’s Point Light bearing 109°, distant 2 miles, good holding
should attempt to enter without a pilot on board. The following ground. During a stay of 11 days at this anchorage, the maxi-
information should be sent to Chittagong 72 hours and con- mum current experienced was 5 knots.
firmed 24 hours in advance of arrival: During spring tides, a vessel reported good holding ground
7.20

1. Vessel’s ETA at Kutubdia and Chittagong outer an- with Patenga Lighted Beacon bearing 070° and Norman’s
chorage. Point Light bearing 120°.
2. Date and hour of departure last port of call. An abandoned submarine pipeline extends 1.5 miles WSW
7.20

3. Nature and quantity of cargo to be discharged. from a position about 2.5 miles NW of Patenga Point. Anchor-
4. Maximum fresh water draft on arrival. The arrival ing is prohibited in this vicinity.
draft should be forwarded in writing if it is expected to be Dangerous wrecks, some marked by lighted buoys and best
7.20

within 0.2m of the maximum permissible draft. seen on the chart, lie within Anchorage Areas A and B.
The pilot launch is stationed off Juldia and is equipped with
7.20 Caution.—Small fishing craft without lights, and fish nets
7.20

radar and VHF radiotelephone. marked by small black and white stakes, were reported to be a
Vessels should arrive at the pilot station at least 3 hours be-
7.20 hazard to vessels approaching the river entrance.
fore the daylight HW. Priority vessels should arrive at least 6 The channels and depths in the Karnaphuli River and its ap-
7.20

hours prior to daylight HW. proaches are subject to frequent change. Aids to navigation are
Vessels with a speed of under 7 knots will not normally be
7.20
adjusted accordingly. Consult the harbormaster at Chittagong for
handled during spring tides. the latest information.
Vessels are usually boarded about 2 miles SW of Patenga
7.20
Depths in excess of 4 meters less than charted exist in the vi-
7.20

Point. The harbormaster boards in the river, about 0.5 mile be- cinity of 22°19.5'N, 91°29.6'E and are subject to rapid change.
low the SW extremity of the railway jetties, and takes vessels It has been reported (2006) that numerous charted and un-
7.20

to their assigned berth. charted wrecks lie in the anchorage areas as well as the ap-
Pilots are available only from sunrise to sunset.
7.20
proaches to Chittagong. In addition, it has been reported (2002)

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 221

7.20 Port of Chittagong

that two vessels with drafts of 10.5m have grounded while in During the Southwest Monsoon season, in the months of
7.21

Anchorage A. Mariners are advised to contact local port au- June to September and sometimes in October, strong freshets
thorities for current information on depths and wrecks prior to are experienced at which time there may be no flood current
arrival. for several days. During freshets the velocity of the current in-
creases to 6 to 8 knots. Notices regarding them are circulated
Chittagong (22°19'N., 91°49'E.) well in advance by the local port authorities.
During the Southwest Monsoon, the spring range of the tide
7.21

World Port Index No. 49590 is about 6.1m; the neap range is about 2.7m. During the winter
the spring range is 2.7 to 4m and the neap range is 1.5 to 2.4m.
7.21 Chittagong, one of the leading ports in Bangladesh, Tide gauges, marked in 3-inch divisions, lie on the sides of
7.21

lies on the W bank of the Karnaphuli River, about 10 miles the river at various locations to assist in determining the level
above its entrance. Ample, modern berthing facilities are pro- of the tides.
vided for all classes of vessels capable of crossing the river
bars.
Chittagong is a first port of entry.

Chittagong Port Authority

[Link]

Winds—Weather.—Chittagong is in the track of cyclones

7.21

and as a result, the port has been damaged on numerous occa-

sions.
A hot sultry day followed by still air conditions in the eve-
7.21

ning usually results in thunderstorms. The peculiarity of these

storms is that they approach from the N and W in the form of a
line squall accompanied by intense lightning, thunder, rain
and/or cyclonic rotation winds which may reach a velocity of
upwards of 50 knots. When signs of such a storm exist, masters
must exercise great caution. Vessels at fixed moorings and pon-
toon jetties must exercise extreme caution when a storm is
blowing. Port of Chittagong
In general, rainfall is heavy during the Southwest Monsoon;
7.21

dense fogs occasionally occur. Early morning fogs, clearing by Depths—Limitations.—Outer Bar lies at the seaward end
7.21

mid-morning, also occur from December through February and of the entrance range and has a least depth of about 4.6m. The
sometimes in March. The fine weather period is from the mid- least charted depths over the Inner Bar and Gupta Crossing are
dle of October to March. 5.5 and 4.9m, respectively. Depths over the bars and in the river
Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set across the outer
7.21
are subject to constant change.
part of the bar with the flood setting NNW and the ebb to the The maximum safe fresh water drafts in the Karnaphuli Riv-
7.21

SSE. er may range from 5.5 to 8.5m, depending on the time of the

Pub. 173
222 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

year and local conditions. In general, the greatest depths are Ship movements generally commence about 4 to 5 hours be-
7.21

available in the summer and the least in the winter. fore the day’s HW. Outbound ships of light draft sail on the
A monthly forecast of drafts is published by the port authori-
7.21 first daylight flood; ships with the maximum draft for a partic-
ties. Daily maximum anticipated safe drafts in the Karnaphuli ular day sail about 2 hours before daylight HW.
River for the months can alter with prevailing winds and unusual
siltation. Local authorities should be consulted to affirm maxi- Vessels entering or leaving port must have full steam on
7.21

mum permissible draft for the day, generally referred to as fresh main engine and deck, and both anchors with full lengths of
water draft. chain must be available for use at all times.

Chittagong—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft
Cement Factory Terminal
Cement Clinker
162m — — — Cement and breakbulk.
Jetty
Chittagong Container Terminal (CCT)
CCT-1 216m 12.2m — — PCC, containers, and reefers.
CCT-2 220m 12.2m — — PCC, containers, and reefers. Continuous berthing length
CCT-3 220m 12.2m — — of 440m.
Diamond Cement Terminal
DC-1 25m — — — Cement and clinker.
DC-2 26m — — — Cement and clinker.
General Cargo Terminal
GCB-1 229m 9.1m — —
GCB-2 118m 9.1m — —
GCB-3 128m 9.1m — —
GCB-4 108m 9.1m — —
Ro-ro. lo-lo, containers, breakbulk, reefers, and passen-
GCB-5 161m 9.1m — —
gers/vehicles/rail. Continuous berthing length of 1,500m.
GCB-6 151m 9.1m — —
GCB-7 143m 9.1m — —
GCB-8 151m 9.1m — —
GCB-9 147m 9.1m — —
Grain Silo Terminal
Grain Jetty 43m — — 9.1m Grain.
Grain Main Silo
327m 9.1m — — Grain, containers, and breakbulk.
Jetty
New Mooring Container Terminal (NCT)
NCT-1 161m — 186m 9.1m Containers and reefers.
NCT-2 161m — 186m 9.1m Containers and reefers.
NCT-3 161m — 186m 9.1m Containers and reefers.
NCT-4 161m — 186m 9.1m Containers and reefers.
NCT-5 161m — 186m 9.1m Containers and reefers.
S Alam Refined Sugar Termianl
Sugar Jetty 33m — — — Sugar.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 223

Chittagong—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft
TSP Fertilizer Terminal
TSP Jetty 120m — 161m 9.1m Cement, clinker, fertilizer, and breakbulk.
CUFL Terminal
North East Berth 190m — — — Fertilizer, iron ore, and breakbulk.
Chemicals, clean products, crude products, fertilizer, iron
South West Berth 175m 8.5m — — ore, breakbulk, and multipurpose. Berthing length of
226m (including dolphins).
Eastern Refinery Terminal
Chemicals, clean products, crude products, dirty products,
Eastern Refinery
20m 7.6m — — breakbulk, and multipurpose. Berthing length of 205m
Oil Dolphin Jetty
(including dolphins).
Karnaphuli Fertilizer Terminal
Chemicals, LPG, fertilizer, ammonia, and breakbulk.
KAFCO (A) 60m 9.2m — —
Berthing length of 220m (including dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, crude products, fertilizer,
KAFCO (U) 155m 9.2m — —
breakbulk, and multipurpose.
MJL Terminal
Chemicals, crude, crude products, breakbulk, and multi-
Jetty No. 7 18m 11.2m 186m 9.15m
purpose. Berthing length of 92m i (including dolphins)
Padma Oil Terminal
Aviation fuel, clean products, condensate, dirty products,
Jetty No. 6 20m 11.2m 186m 9.15m breakbulk, and multipurpose. Berthing length of 203m
(including dolphins).
Jamuan Oil Terminal
Jamuna Oil Berth 16m — — — Clean products.
Meghna Terminal
Chemicals, condensate, crude products, and dirty prod-
Jetty No. 5 21m 11.2m 186m 9.15m
ucts. Berthing length of 205m (including dolphins).
Super Petrochemical Terminal
Chemicals, clean products, crude products, bunkers, and
SPPL Jetty 20m — — —
dirty products.
VOTT Oil Refinery Terminal
Clean products and bunkers. Berthing length of 230m
VOTT Oil Berth 20m — — —
(including dolphins).

A confused and dangerous sea breaks on the outer bar during

7.21 es changes from almost salt water to practically fresh water,
strong SW winds. depending on the tide. This causes corresponding differences
To determine the draft for entering or leaving port, the depth
7.21 in vessels’ drafts and is important in that maximum drafts are
of 3.6m over the inner bar is added to the height of water in the based on fresh water. Pilots check drafts of deeply-loaded ves-
tide tables, allowing for an error of 30.5 to 35.6cm, depending sels. It was further reported that due to siltation, the channel for
on the phase of the moon and season. crossing the bar is a sharp zig-zag and the usual extra draft al-
A deep-draft vessel, intending to discharge cargo, may gain a
7.21 lowances, such as 3 inches for vessels of less than 152.4m in
7.6 to 15.2cm draft advantage by entering close to time of HW length and a speed of over 14 knots, are not granted.
and berth, whenever practicable, on the ebb current. Five river mooring berths can accommodate vessels of up to
7.21

A 1965 report states the water salinity at the outer anchorag-

7.21 186m in length with drafts between 7.5 and 9.1m.

Pub. 173
224 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Two ocean-going tugs and a sufficient number of barges are

7.21 piracy and armed robbery to the Port Radio Control on VHF
available for handling cargo at the anchorages off the river en- channel 12.
trance. Vessels should report their ETA on VHF channel 16 when 12
7.21

Explosives are handled at the outer anchorage. Safety explo-

7.21 miles from the port.
sives can be handled alongside the jetties. Vessels due to enter the port in the upcoming 24-hour period
7.21

A vessel entering on the flood normally turns off the as-

7.21 should anchor in the appropriate anchorage and keep a listening
signed berth using the starboard anchor; after turning, the an- watch on VHF beginning at least 3 hours before the pilot board-
chor is weighed and the vessel proceeds to either a berth or ing time.
mooring buoy using the port anchor. Signals.—Tidal signals are displayed from a tidal semaphore
7.21

Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled

7.21 station on Juldia Hill. The signals indicate, by day, the height
Chittagong—Berth Information. of water above tidal datum. The diagram (See Tidal Semaphore
Aspect.—The entrance of the river lies between a training
7.21 Signals for Calcutta in paragraph 7.6) shows the position of the
wall on the W side, which retains a sand and mud flat extending semaphore arms and their meanings, as viewed from a vessel
about 0.5 mile SW from Patenga Point, and a stone apron on the approaching from seaward.
side, which is the SW extension of Juldia Training Wall. Mud A black ball is displayed on top of the semaphore at HW, and
7.21

flats and Middle Island lie SE of the stone apron and Juldia dropped when the tide has fallen 3 inches below HW level.
Training Wall. The stone apron and training walls at the entrance Vessels approaching the outer bar, in order to be certain the
7.21

of the river have been reported to be submerged at HW. rise of tide as indicated by the semaphore, will not display a
The alignment of the fairways, with the best water over the
7.21 black ball at the foremast head.
bars and within the river, are denoted by lighted range beacons. Tidal lights for night pilotage are displayed from two frame-
7.21

The lighted beacons, indicating the fairway in the entrance and work masts, each 49m high. Three lights, vertically displayed,
over the outer bar, are in line bearing 037°04'. 5.5m apart and displayed from each mast, indicate the rise of
Lighted and unlighted buoys mark the channel limits and
7.21 the tide in feet and inches. These lights are visible both from
some of the sunken wrecks in the river. The charted range bea- the jetties and outside the outer bar.
cons and buoys in the river are moved as necessary to conform
to depth changes in the channel. Chittagong—Contact Information
The outer bar fronts the entrance of the river about 1.5 miles
7.21

Port
SW of Patenga Lighted Beacon. The inner bar lies about 2.5
miles within the entrance and W of Juldia Hill. Gupta Bar is Call sign Port Radio Control
about 5 miles above the river’s entrance. VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
About 1 mile NNW of Norman’s Point, the E bank of the riv-
7.21

er curves NE for a distance of 2.5 miles to a position NW of Ju- Radio 2182 kHz
ldia Hill. Large mud flats lie along this part of the bank and Telephone 880-31-252-2200 thru 2229 (switchboard)
embankments have been constructed to prevent inundation.
Several small villages are situated on this section of the bank. Facsimile 880-31-251-0889
About 2.3 miles farther N, the E bank becomes low and E-mail info@[Link]
swampy and is cultivated.
Web site [Link]
Mud islands (chars), the largest of which are Gupta Island
7.21

and Lukia Island, are part of this bank and low-lying land to Deputy Conservator
the E. Back Channel Khal and a passage for boats at half tide
Telephone 880-31-251-0842
separate Gupta Island and Lukia Island, respectively, from the
mainland to the E. E-mail dc@[Link]
The W bank of the Karnaphuli trends NE from Patenga Point
7.21

Harbormaster
for about 3 miles to Gupta Point (22°17'N., 91°50'E.). Active
Spit, the greater part of which is enclosed by a training wall, Telephone 880-31-251-0839
lies between the W bank and the training wall, E through S of E-mail hm@[Link]
Gupta Point. Numerous creeks (khals) intersect the W bank of
the river for a distance of about 4 miles between Gupta Point Dock Master
and the jetties at Chittagong. Telephone 880-31-251-0854
Two high tension power line pylons, 105m high with ob-
7.21

struction lights, lie one on each side of the Karnaphuli River, 1 E-mail dm@[Link]
mile SE of the dock office. The vertical clearance under the Pilots
power line is 65m.
Call sign Port Radio Control
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels of 200
7.21

gross tons and over. Pilotage is available during daylight hours VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
only. Contact the pilots on VHF channel 12 or 16.
880-31-251-0839
Vessels should arrive at the Pilot Boarding Ground, 2 miles
7.21

SW of Patenga Point, at least 3 hours before daylighthigh wa- Telephone 880-31-251-0854

ter. 880-31-726-916
Regulations.—Vessels are advised to report any incidents of
7.21

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 225

Chittagong—Contact Information
oac@[Link]
E-mail
hm@[Link]
Web site [Link]

Contact Information.—See the table titled Chittagong—

7.21

Contact Information.
Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor temporarily in certain
7.21

reaches of the river on their way to or from Chittagong. How-

ever, there is only swinging room at or near HW, and then only
with the assistance of the engines. Vessels cannot remain at an-
chor at low water.
Three main anchorage areas lie outside the harbor. For fur-
7.21

ther information, see paragraph 7.20.

Vessels with plague or other infectious diseases on board
7.21

must anchor off Coombs Pillar until inspected by the Health

Officer.
Caution.—Piracy remains a concern at Chittagong. The port
7.21

was reported to have the second highest number of piracy inci-

dents in 2001. Armed attacks from small boats can occur in
Chittagong Anchorage or in the harbor. In addition, vessels
have reported a high incidence of theft of zinc anodes from
vessel hulls and rudders. Mariners are advised to keep a sharp
lookout. Vessels are advised to report any piracy incidents im-
mediately to Port Radio Control on VHF channel 12.
Several dangerous wrecks lie off Patenga Point. There are
7.21

numerous changes to existing charting details and depths less

than charted exist within Chittagong and its approaches. Many
changes to facilities have occurred within the river. For the lat-
est information, mariners should consult the local authorities.
Sangu Gas Platform (22°01'N., 91°31'E.) is lighted and is
7.21

situated about 23 miles SW of Chittagong. A dangerous gas

well head is situated about 2.5 miles NW of the platform.
A high pressure gas line extends from the platform to the
7.21

shore about 2 miles N of Chittagong, as best seen on the chart. Sangu Gas Platform
Kutubdia Island has been reported to be a good radar target
7.22

Bangladesh—Norman’s Point to Elephant Point up to 16 miles.

Kutudbia Island Light has been reported to have a radiobeacon
7.22

7.22 The Chittagong Coast from the entrance of the Karna- and a racon.
phuli River extends about 66 miles S and SSE to Elephant Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 12.8m,
7.22

Point. A group of islands, separated by shallow channels, lie with Kutubdia Island Light bearing 068°, distant 1 mile. The
about midway between the river and the point. anchorage is fairly well protected, but the currents are strong.
Between Norman’s Point and the N point of the Sangu River,
7.22 Approach to this anchorage should be made from N of Dolphin
about 5.5 miles SSE, the low coast is wooded and marked in Shoal.
places by small sand hills. A channel, about 30 miles long in a N-S direction, lies be-
7.22

The N entrance point of the river is marked by low sand hills

7.22 tween Kutubdia Island, Maiskhal Island, and Sonadia Island on
and a clump of trees. The river is entered about 3 miles S of the E and Dolphin Shoal, North Patches, and South Patches on
this point, but is available only to large native boats. the W. Depths in the channel range from 10 to 31.1m. Tidal
South of the mouth of the Sangu River the coast is low,
7.22 currents set through this channel at a high velocity and it
wooded, and marked by low sand hills. About 7 miles S of the should not be attempted without local knowledge.
Sangu River, the coast recedes at Cuckold Point. A drying mud Maiskhal Island (21°37'N., 91°56'E.) lies SE of Kutubdia
flat extends up to 2 miles offshore along this section of coast. Island, Matarbari Island lies in between them.
Cuckold Point has been reported to be a good radar target up
7.22

to 24 miles. 7.23 Kutubdia Channel (21°44'N., 91°52'E.), a narrow

Kutudbia Island (21°51'N., 91°52'E.), which lies with its N
7.22 passage with depths of 4.3 to 11m, lies between Kutubdia Is-
end about 1 mile SW of Cuckold Point, is low, flat, covered land and the mainland. Channel depths are subject to rapid
with trees, and is about 12 miles long. The island is visible for changes and cannot be relied on.
about 8 miles. Maiskhal Island is marked by a range of hills about 91.4m
7.23

Pub. 173
226 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

high near its central part. Garamchari Hill is not distinctive as 18.3m, mud.
the range is of uniform height. Low hills lie along most of the Reliable pilots are not available and the bar and channel
7.24

E side of the island, whereas, the other sides are low. Maiskhal should be examined and buoyed before entering, because they
Bluff, 61m high and conspicuous, lies near the SE extremity of are subject to change during the monsoon. The best time to enter
the island. A marshy flat extends up to 3 miles offshore S of the is at about half flood when the breakers will mark the edges of
Matarbari Channel entrance. the shoals.
Sonadia Island (21°29'N., 91°53'E.), about 2 miles SSW of
7.23 The coast between Cox’s Bazar and Elephant Point, about
7.24

Maiskhal Island, is marked by low white sand hills. A flat, 15.5 miles SSE of Cox’s Bluff, is backed by low hills.
which dries in places, extends about 3 miles from the island. Red cliffs, about 61m high, line the coast from 3.5 to 6.5
7.24

With a flood current the sea breaks heavily over this flat. miles SSE of Cox’s Bluff. South Cliff, the S cliff, is 82m high.
Lattadia Island (21°35'N., 91°51'E.), which dries 1.5m, lies
7.23 From offshore these cliffs appear white when the sun is shining
about in the middle of the marshy flat which fronts the W side on them, and on a clear day they may be visible up to 20 miles.
of Maiskhal Island. These cliffs are a good landmark for vessels approaching Chit-
Maiskhal Channel (21°30'N., 91°59'E.), which lies between
7.23 tagong from the S.
the E side of Maiskhal Island and the mainland, is narrow with Wayla Taung rises to a height of 413m about 11 miles ENE
7.24

rapidly changing depths. This channel should not be attempted. of Elephant Point.
Rupadia Sands (21°27'N., 91°57'E.), bare in places with
7.23

shallow depths elsewhere, extend up to 2.3 miles S of the SE Burma—Elephant Point to Thames Point
end of Sonadia Island. These sands lie on the W side of the en-
trance of Maiskhal Channel. 7.25 Cape Negrais lies about 333 miles SSE of Elephant
Point. The intervening coast is irregular and broken by the ma-
7.24 Cox’s Bazar (21°27'N., 91°58'E.), which consists of a ny rivers which discharge their waters into the E side of the
small town and export center, lies about 4 miles S of the SE ex- Bay of Bengal. Hills and mountain ranges back the coast at
tremity of Maiskhal Island. The town lies on a low range of varying distances inland, generally lying parallel to the coast in
sand hills on the mainland and on the SW bank of the Baghkh- a N-S direction. Mayu and Arakan Yoma are the principal
ali River. This river discharges into Maiskhal Channel about mountain ranges. Ramree Island and Cheduba Island, the larg-
1.5 miles N of the town. Cox’s Bluff, about 0.5 mile S of the est islands along this section of coast, lie about midway be-
town, rises steeply to an elevation of 48m. Twin casuarina tween Elephant Point and Cape Negrais. Combermere Bay and
trees, both conspicuous, lie almost 0.5 mile NE of Cox’s Bluff. Hunters Bay indent the coast N of Ramree Island. Sittwe (Aky-
Cox’s Bazar Light is shown from a gray, metal framework tow- ab) is the most important port, although Kyaukpyu is of some
er on a white concrete building on Cox’s Bluff; the light struc- importance.
ture is topped by a conspicuous orange dome, and is fitted with Winds—Weather.—The weather and climate of Burma is
7.25

a racon. primarily influenced and determined by the Northeast Monsoon

A spit, which dries in patches, extends about 2.8 miles W
7.24 and the Southwest Monsoon and the short transitional periods
and 3.5 miles WNW from Cox’s Bluff. The sea breaks heavily between them. The year is divided into four seasons, referred to
over this spit, especially during the flood tide. as the Northeast Monsoon (winter monsoon, cool or dry season),
The principal channel leading into Maiskhal Channel lies be-
7.24 the spring transitional or hot season, the Southwest Monsoon
tween the spits extending from Cox’s Bluff and S from Sonadia (summer monsoon, wet or rainy season), and the autumn transi-
Island over a shifting bar about 3 miles W of Cox’s Bluff. In tional season.
1960, there was a least depth of 2.1m in this channel. The Northeast Monsoon, December through March, is
7.25

Another channel crosses the spit extending S from Sonadia

7.24 marked by fine weather with very little rainfall.
Island, but the depths are shallow. The hot season, April and May, is an interim period of weak
7.25

There are usually heavy rollers off the entrances of both

7.24 and variable winds prior to the Southwest Monsoon. Increases
channels and the bars break occasionally. Depths in these chan- in rainfall in April and May do not equal the amounts of rain-
nels are subject to rapid changes. fall during June through August; this results in greater heating
A shoal, composed of sand and mud with depths of less than
7.24 of the air masses.
1.8m and which dries in places, lies on the NW side of the fair- The Southwest Monsoon, June through September, is character-
7.25

way of Maiskhal Channel about 0.5 mile S of Hamidardia Is- ized by cloudiness, overcast skies, light rain almost daily, inter-
land (21°30'N., 91°57'E.). spersed with rain squalls or thunderstorms accompanied by
The Baghkhali River, which enters Maiskhal Channel about
7.24 torrential downpours. Restricted visibility, high humidity, and gen-
1.5 miles S of the E end of Hamidardia Island, is narrow and eral adverse weather conditions are associated with the Southwest
shallow and dries in places. Monsoon.
Deep-draft vessels can anchor S of the entrance of the main
7.24 The autumn transitional season, a period of weak and variable
7.25

channel, in a depth of 9.1m, sand and mud, with Cox’s Bluff winds with land and sea breezes prevailing, occurs in early Octo-
bearing 055°, distant 3 miles. Light-draft vessels can anchor, in ber after the withdrawal of the Southwest Monsoon and before
a depth of about 5.5m, sand and mud, with Cox’s Bluff bearing the cooler, drier weather of the Northeast Monsoon is estab-
043°, distant about 2.3 miles. Caution is necessary as a subma- lished in late November.
rine cable lies close SSE of the anchorages. Tropical storms with destructive winds occasionally affect
7.25

Vessels capable of crossing the bar can anchor off the mouth
7.24 the coastal regions N of 15°00'N.
of the Baghkhali River in Maiskhal Channel, in depths of 9.1 to Tropical cyclones, which develop in the Bay of Bengal, occur
7.25

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 227

most frequently during the transitional season. The Arakan from a gray metal framework tower on a white concrete build-
Coast of Burma is more likely to be struck by a cyclone during ing near the N end of the island. Red and white daymarks are
the autumn transitional season than at any other time, but rarely fixed to the top of the light structure which is also fitted with a
is the Gulf of Martaban affected. During the hot season some racon.
tropical cyclones cross the coast of the Gulf of Martaban. Anchorage.—Sheltered anchorage can be taken about 0.5
7.26

Tides—Currents.—The monsoon winds affect and influ-

7.25 mile E of the N end of the large island, in a depth of 7.3m,
ence the surface currents. To a great extent the currents are good holding ground. In the approach to the anchorage, the
variable and at the height of each monsoon, currents may best water lies E and S of the St. Martins Islands.
sometimes be met setting in the opposite to the monsoon cur-
rent, or in general in any direction. The currents are still more 7.27 St. Martins Reef (20°37'N., 92°13'E.), a 4 mile long
variable during the transition periods of the monsoons. The ridge of sunken rocks, lies about 10 miles WSW of Shahpuri
Northeast Monsoon tends to produce a seasonal current setting Point. A rock, awash, lies on the S part of the reef. Depths else-
to the W; the Southwest Monsoon a similar current setting to where on the reef range from 0.9 to 10.5m. The sea breaks over
the E in the open waters of the Bay of Bengal. the reef in heavy weather or with a S swell.
Tidal currents along the Chittagong Coast S of Elephant
7.25 North Delay Shoal (20°30'N., 92°15'E.), a small patch of
7.27

Point set parallel with the coast, with the flood setting N and hard ground with a least depth of 6.9m, lies about 6.5 miles
the ebb setting S. SW of the S extremity of the St. Martins Islands.
Tidal currents along the Arakan Coast set N on the flood and
7.25 South Delay Shoal (20°28'N., 92°15'E.), with a least depth
7.27

S on the ebb; they are greatly influenced by the immense vol- of 9.7m, lies about 2 miles S of North Delay Shoal. This shoal
ume of tidal backwater. Local in drafts of the current are strong should not be crossed because lesser depths may exist.
during the flood and the outset is small during the ebb. Sitaparokia Patches (20°32'N., 92°26'E.), a group of shoal
7.27

Depths—Limitations.—The 35m curve is not defined off

7.25 patches with depths of 2.7 to 9.1m, lies centered about 5.3
the coast between Elephant Point and a position about 18 miles miles SE of the southernmost St. Martins Islands.
WSW of the entrance of the Mayu River. From the above posi- Asirgarh Shoal (20°28'N., 92°28'E.), small and rocky with a
7.27

tion, the 35m curve extends SE to a position about 18 miles depth of less than 1.8m, lies about 6.5 miles SW of Sitap-
WSW of Thames Point on the W side of Ramree Island. The arokia (20°33'N., 92°32'E.) which is on the mainland. During
35m curve lies within 10 miles of the W side of the NW ex- heavy weather and at LW, the sea breaks over this shoal. A de-
tremity of Ramree Island and about 16 miles WSW of the en- tached 9.8m patch lies about 1.5 miles WNW of Asirgarh
trance of the Kaladan River. Shoal.
The 18m curve lies about 7 miles W of Elephant Point and 3
7.25 Oyster Island (20°12'N., 92°32'E.), low, sandy, and almost
7.27

miles W of the W side of Ramree Island. Southwest of the en- devoid of vegetation, lies about 12.5 miles WSW of Foul Point.
trance of the Kaladan River, the 18m curve is defined in an ir- This island lies on the E side of a rocky ledge from which foul
regular pattern lying between 15 and 7 miles off the entrance. ground extends about 1.5 miles NNW and 3.5 miles SE.
Southeast of the entrance of the Kaladan River, the 18m curve A flagstaff, Mayu Light, some buildings, and low trees lie on
7.27

lies near the shore in the proximity of the W side of Myengun the NE side of the island. A stranded wreck lies in shoal water
Kyun (West Boronga Island) and Boronga Point, the island’s S about 2 miles SSE of Oyster Island. A dangerous wreck lies
extremity. about 6 miles NNE of Mayu Light.
Between Boronga Point and Ramree Island, depths within
7.25 Taylor Shoal (20°15'N., 92°25'E.), with a least depth of
7.27

the outer 36.6m curve W of Combermere Bay and in the ap- 7.8m, lies about 8 miles WNW of Oyster Island. Vessels
proach to Kyaukpyu Harbor are irregular. should avoid this shoal because lesser depths than charted may
Numerous islands, reefs, rocks, and shoals lie seaward of the
7.25 exist.
coast up to 16 miles offshore between Elephant Point and Oyster Reef (20°05'N., 92°39'E.), about 1.8 miles in extent,
7.27

Thames Point. lies centered about 9 miles SE of Oyster Island. The least
Shore dangers which lie within the 9.1 and 11m curves are
7.25 charted depth is 1.8m, but lesser depths have been reported to
described under the principal description of that section of exist. A heavy sea breaks over this reef during bad weather or
coast which they front. when a swell sets in.
Mud volcanoes occasionally rise from the sea off the coast
7.25 The red can buoy moored about 1.8 miles S of Oyster Reef is
7.27

between the entrance of the Kaladan River and Cheduba Is- withdrawn from May 1 to November 1.
land. Many of these exist only temporarily and disappear, leav-
ing a shoal. Mariners should keep a constant and careful 7.28 Heckford Patch (19°57'N., 92°44'E.), with a least
lookout, as it is not possible to keep their existence charted. depth of 9.7m, lies about 18.5 miles SE of Oyster Island. Ves-
sels should not attempt to cross this danger. Laule Taung
7.26 The St. Martins Islands (20°37'N., 92°20'E.), a (20°01'N., 92°57'E.), bearing 080°, leads N of, and bearing
group of one island and two islets, lie between 5.5 and 9 miles 060°, S of Heckford Patch.
SSW of Shahpuri Point, the N entrance point of the Naf River. A patch of discolored water was reported to exist about 8
7.28

North Tall Trees, a group of casuarinas, lie at the N end of the miles SW of Boronga Point (19°49'N., 93°02'E.). A depth of
large island and a similar clump of trees lie near the S end. 16.5m, whose existence is doubtful, was reported to exist about
Sunken dangers extend up to 1 mile offshore along the W side 13.5 miles SW of the same point.
of the island. Depths between the St. Martins Islands and the Shoal water and breakers have been reported in an area 8 to 9
7.28

mainland are less than 9.1m. St. Martins Island Light is shown miles S of Boronga Point. A mud volcano was reported to have

Pub. 173
228 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

existed in this area. Shahpuri Point and Cypress Point, about 1.5 miles to the SE.
The Terribles (19°24'N., 93°17'E.), three groups of rocks,
7.28 The entrance can be identified by the high trees which lie in the
lie on the S side of the W approach to Kyaukpyu Harbor, be- vicinity of the entrance points.
tween 8 miles WNW and 10.5 miles WSW of Saddle Island The tidal currents set across the approach to the bar, with the
7.30

(19°26'N., 93°27'E.). flood setting to the N and the ebb to the S, at velocities of 0.8 to
North Terrible (19°27'N., 93°16'E.), 3.7m high, is the N
7.28 1 knot at spring tides. The tidal currents run mainly fair in Pat-
rock of the group. Drying rocks lie within 1.8 miles N and a ricks Gut. In the Naf River, the tidal current runs full at veloci-
rock, awash, lies about 0.5 mile S of it. ties up to 4 knots. There is little or no river current.
Middle Terrible, 4.3m high, lies about 1.3 miles SW of North
7.28 Cypress Sands (20°40'N., 92°18'E.) consist of a number of
7.30

Terrible. Isolated drying rocks lie 1.5 miles WNW and 1 mile shallow ridges, some of which dry, which lie on the flat extend-
SSW of Middle Terrible. ing about 4 miles SW from Cypress Point. Depths are less than
South Terrible (19°23'N., 93°16'E.), almost 3 miles SSW of
7.28 3.7m. Their location is marked by breakers.
Middle Terrible, consists of several low rocks, the highest be- The bar which obstructs the river entrance lies between
7.30

ing 3.7m. Shahpuri Flat and Cypress Sands.

South Rock, which dries 1.8m, lies about 1.5 miles S of
7.28 In 1960, the least charted depth over the Shahpuri Flat part
7.30

South Terrible. The sea breaks between South Rock and South of the bar N and NW of Cypress Sands was about 3.2m. The
Terrible. least depth in Patricks Gut and in the deepest channel between
Volcanic disturbances have been reported to have occurred
7.28 the ridges of Cypress Sands was about 2.4m at MLWS
about 3.3 miles NNW of North Terrible. Less water than chart- In 1960, charted depths of 5.5 to 14.6m existed up to 12
7.30

ed may exist in this area. miles above the entrance of the Naf River. In 1966, it was re-
A shoal, with a depth of 7.8m, lies about 4.5 miles SW of North
7.28 ported that considerable shoaling had taken place within the
Terrible. This shoal, which is the remains of a mud volcano, was river.
marked by discolored water and should be avoided. Two buoyed channels lead across the bar to the river entrance.
7.30

The SE channel leads in a N direction through Patricks Gut and

7.29 Irrawaddy Rock (19°25'N., 93°23'E.), which dries then through Cypress Sands. The NW channel leads in an E di-
0.6m, lies about midway between Middle Terrible and Saddle Is- rection and lies N of the St. Martins Islands and Cypress Sands.
land. Depths within a 0.5 mile radius of this rock are less than Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 8.2m, off Maungdaw,
7.30

11m. The rock is hard to make out with a smooth sea. A breaking about 7 miles above the entrance of the Naf River.
shoal lies about 0.3 mile ENE of Irrawaddy Rock. A mud volcano Vessels should approach the entrance of the SE channel (Pat-
7.30

was observed about 3.8 miles S of Irrawaddy Rock. ricks Gut) by passing S and E of the St. Martins Islands. Patricks
Research Rock, a sunken reef with depths of 1.8 to 8.2m, lies
7.29 Gut, close S of Cypress Sands, is sheltered from the swell and
about 3 miles SSW of West Point(19°22'N., 93°28'E.) on the passage should be possible during the Southwest Monsoon. The
NW extremity of Ramree Island. approach to the entrance of the NW channel should be made
Elephant Point (21°11'N., 92°03'E.), about 9.5 miles S of
7.29 from the NW, passing N of St. Martins Reef and the St. Martins
South Cliff, is backed by Elephant Point summit, a conspicu- Islands. A mid-channel course should be steered in the river.
ous 124m high hill, visible on a clear day for about 20 miles. Local knowledge or the services of a pilot is essential to en-
7.30

Stranded wrecks lie 13 miles WNW and 9 miles SW of the ter the river.
point. Between Cypress Point and Foul Point, about 34 miles SE,
7.30

Elephant Point has been reported to be a good radar target up

7.29 the numerous sharp peaks of the Mayu Range back this section
to 35 miles. of coast from 1 to 6 miles inland. Fakirmura Hill, 133m high
The coast between Elephant Point and the entrance of the
7.29 and conspicuous, lies at the SE end of this range about 3 miles
Naf River, about 33 miles SSE, is formed by the W side of the NW of Foul Point.
Naf Peninsula. The peninsula terminates to the S in Shahpuri
Island, which is low, flat, and covered with jungle growth. 7.31 Mount Todd (20°23'N., 92°42'E.), 338m high, lies
Shahpuri Point, the S extremity of the island, is the NW en- about 4.3 miles NNW of Fakirmura Hill, and when seen from
trance point of the Naf River. the W appears flat-topped and slightly higher than the peaks on
Taungyo Hill (21°04'N., 92°12'E.), 267m high and the high-
7.29 either side. When viewed from the S, it appears as a conspicu-
est peak on the Naf Peninsula, lies about 11 miles SE of Ele- ous sharp peak.
phant Point. A conspicuous peak, 253m high, lies about 9 Agandu Hill, 192m high with a pagoda on its summit, lies 7
7.31

miles farther SSE. miles ENE of Fakirmura Hill. Pimple Hill, 107m high, lies
East of the Naf Peninsula the Mayu Range rises to heights of
7.29 about 1.5 miles SE of Agandu Hill.
332 to 670m. Wetkyein Taung, 460m high, rises at the N end of Bengara Hill, 414m high, rises about 19 miles NE of Fakir-
7.31

the Mayu Range, about 19 miles E of Elephant Point. mura Hill. This conspicuous hill, when open S of the latter hill,
is easily identified.
7.30 Shahpuri Flat (20°43'N., 92°18'E.), composed of Sitaparokia (20°33'N., 92°32'E.), a small conical hill 65m
7.31

mud and sand with depths of 5.5m and less, extends S from the high, with the ruins of a temple on its summit, lies on a point
shore about 9 miles NNW of Shahpuri Point to a position about 13 miles SE of Cypress Point. A conspicuous rock, 36.6m high
5 miles SW of the point. A heavy breaking sea usually exists and shaped like a chair, lies about 183m offshore 0.5 mile NW
over this flat in depths of 3.7m and less. of Sitaparokia. A rock, with a least depth of 3m, lies about 1.8
The Naf River (20°43'N., 92°22'E.) is entered between
7.30 miles offshore and almost 2 miles S of Sitaparokia.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 229

A flat, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends from a position

7.31 atop an 82m elevation, leads across the bar between North Spit
close offshore, about 8 miles NW of Foul Point, to a position and South Spit. The pagoda, which is difficult to make out, lies
about 7.5 miles SSW of the point where it terminates in North almost 0.8 mile E of Fakirmura Hill. When Bengara Peak is in
Spit. line bearing 032° with Pimple Hill, this course should be
The Mayu River (20°13'N., 92°45'E.) is entered between
7.31 steered until Mayu Point bears 158°. Course should then be al-
Foul Point and Mayu Point, about 3.5 miles SSE. The river has tered to the N so as to pass about 0.8 mile E of Burne Rocks.
been surveyed for a distance of about 13 miles above Foul Fakir Point (20°07'N., 92°54'E.), on the NW side of the en-
7.32

Point and flows almost due S. A long narrow shoal, with trance of the Kaladan River about 10 miles SE of Mayu Point,
depths of less than 1.8m and which dries in places, divides the is described in paragraph 7.33.
river into two channels. This shoal extends from 1.5 miles The entrance of the Kaladan River lies between Fakir Point
7.32

NNE to almost 9 miles N of Foul Point. Kazidiya Kyun, an is- and Savage Island, about 1.5 miles to the S.
land covered by mangroves, lies at the N end of the shoal with
a drying spit extending almost 3 miles S from it. About 4 miles Sittwe Harbor (Akyab Harbor) (20°08'N.,
N of Mayu Point, the Kywede River, flowing from the E, joins 92°54'E.)
the Mayu River within its entrance.
The tidal currents at the bar have a velocity of about 2.5
7.31 World Port Index No. 49620
knots at springs and 1.5 knots at neaps. The flood sets NNE
and the ebb in the opposite direction. 7.33 Sittwe Harbor, the chief port and administrative cen-
The tidal currents within the river attain a velocity of 3.5
7.31 ter of the Arakan Division of Burma, lies on the W bank of the
knots at springs. Kaladan River, close N of Fakir Point and is the oldest rice ex-
The bar obstructing the river entrance has a least depth of
7.31 porting center in the country. The harbor area has been report-
5.8m and lies between North Spit and South Spit, about 4.5 ed to be a good radar target up to 17 miles.
miles SW of Mayu Point. Vessels anchor to work cargo from barges or berth at the
7.33

Dangers on the NW side of the entrance include North Spit,

7.31 main wharf abreast of the city. Sittwe Harbor is a first port of
Martini Sands, and Burne Rocks. Between Foul Point and entry.
Burne Rocks, about 1.5 miles to the S, there are numerous Winds—Weather.—The Southwest Monsoon begins early
7.33

patches and rocks which dry from 0.6 to 2.4m. in May and lasts until the end of October, during which period
the rainfall is so heavy as to almost inundate the country. The
7.32 Burne Rocks (20°15'N., 92°45'E.), one of which is rivers become swollen at this time. Vessels do not normally
above-water, with the rest drying in places. Two small islets lie load in Sittwe during this period.
between these rocks and Foul Point. The Northeast Monsoon, from November to April, is very
7.33

Martini Sands (20°13'N., 92°44'E.), which extend about 3

7.32 dry. During the winter months, thick fog may be expected with
miles S and SSW from Burne Rocks, are subject to constant the flood tide.
change and are marked by breakers. Tides—Currents.—Tides in the entrance of the Kaladan
7.33

On the SE side of the entrance, a flat with depths of 5.5m

7.32 River and at Sittwe are semidiurnal. The tide rises and falls
and less, extends about 4 miles SW from Mayu Point. Mayu quickly with slack water lasting about 1 hour during springs
Spit lies on the inner part of this flat; South Spit lies on its out- and from 2 to 3 hours during neaps.
er edge. During the rainy season, the mean level of the Kaladan River
7.33

Depths inside the bar increase from 5.8m to over 9.1m and
7.32 rises about 0.6m.
increase to depths of 16.5 to 20.1m W of Mayu Point. The tidal currents are regular and rapid at springs; overfalls
7.33

The E channel within the river E of Kazidiya Kyun and the

7.32 form on the ebb running between Fakir Reef and Passage
shoal extending S from that island had a least depth of 5.5m in Rock. The velocity at springs on the outer bar is from 0.8 to 2
past years. The channel W of the island and the shoal had a knots, but between Fakir Point and Passage Rock the velocity
least depth of 5.8m. is 3 to 4 knots, and during the Southwest Monsoon as much as
The E channel is obstructed by fishing stakes, but it is easier
7.32 7 knots. During neaps, the tidal currents are very weak.
to navigate. The entrance of the W channel is narrower and The tidal currents set directly across Fakir Reef, and a vessel
7.33

dangerous. leaving an inner anchorage when the ebb current is running

Depths of 9.1 to 12.8m lie in the fairway of the Kywede Riv-
7.32 will be set towards the reef after passing Fakir Point.
er up to 4 miles above its entrance. Vessels entering the harbor during the flood current, when in
7.33

It has been reported that considerable shoaling has taken

7.32 the vicinity of White Rocks, require careful navigation as the
place in the E channel within the Mayu River NE of Foul Point current sets directly towards the rocks. When leaving the harbor
and at the junction of that river and the Kywede River. on the ebb current, vessels should keep as close to White Rocks
Good anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11 to 18.3m, in
7.32 as practicable to prevent being set on Horseshoe Shoal.
the fairway E of Burne Rocks. Anchorage can also be taken in Depths—Limitations.—The outer bar lies between the W
7.33

the channel which lies between Foul Point and the shoal about coast of Myengun Kyun, located SE of Fakir Point, and the
1.3 miles to the E. tongue-shaped spur of Horseshoe Shoal, which lies about 4
Anchorage can also be taken in the Mayu River abreast of
7.32 miles S of Fakir Point. In 1984, the least depth over the bar was
the town of Rathedaung, about 12 miles N of Foul Point or in a 6.4m; with. During the Southwest Monsoon, vessels crossing
position about 2.3 miles S of the town. the outer bar should have 0.9 to 1.2m of water under their keels
A distant bluff, in line bearing 001° with a wooden pagoda
7.32 because of heavy swells.

Pub. 173
230 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Flat Island Spit (20°10'N., 92°57'E.), an extensive mud

7.33

shoal which dries in places, extends about 4.3 miles SW from

the S side of Flat Island. The inner bar leading into Sittwe In-
ner Harbor lies between the SW end of this spit and the shoal
bank extending E from the mainland.
Aspect.—Fakir Point (20°07'N., 92°54'E.), the NW en-
7.33

trance point of the Kaladan River, is low and marked by two

conspicuous radio masts, a lookout tower, and a lighthouse.
The disused lighthouse on Savage Island, on the E side of the
fairway, is a useful landmark. A depth of 5.5m lies 0.8 mile
SSE of Fakir Point.
Myengun Kyun (20°00'N., 92°58'E.), a high densely-wood-
7.33

ed island about 17 miles long, lies S of the entrance of the Ka-

ladan River about 2 miles SE of Fakir Point. Prain Daung, a
high tableland located about 4 miles SSE of the N end of the is-
7.33 Sittwe Harbor—Main Wharf land, rises to a height of 293m. This tableland is conspicuous
from seaward, except when viewed from the SSE, where it is
Inner Bar lies within the entrance of the Kaladan River, be-
7.33 obscured by a high mountain. The latter appears as a sharp
tween the mainland N of Fakir Point and the SW end of Flat Is- peak when viewed from the S, but as a saw-toothed ridge when
land Spit. Stranded wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie in the viewed from the W. It has no conspicuous summit. Two promi-
vicinity of Inner Bar. In 1976, the bar had a least depth of nent hummocks, 106 and 137m high, lie near the N end of the
4.9m. Silting is a problem because of inadequate dredging fa- island.
cilities. South Hummock, a conspicuous 73m high hill, lies near the
7.33

North of the Main Wharf, which lies in the inner harbor

7.33 S end of Myengun Kyun. This hill is a good landmark when
about 1.8 miles N of Fakir Point, channel depths range from viewed from the W.
6.1 to 9.1m. A conspicuous white pagoda stands on a low hill about 1.5
7.33

Main Wharf, about 1.5 miles N of Fakir Point, consists of a

7.33 miles N of Boronga Point, the S extremity of the island. Pago-
T-head pier with a berthing length of 98.8m across the outer da Summit, 225m high, backs this low hill and the white pago-
face. The main wharf can accommodate vessels up to 99m in da.
length and up to 4.9m draft at the T-head pier. Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels.
7.33

Supplemental berthing facilities consist of the Naval Pier at

7.33 Licensed Burmese pilots are stationed at Fakir Point where
7.33

Fakir Point; Stone Pier, about 0.3 mile S of Main Wharf; and the lookout tower is situated. Pilots board from a white launch,
the oil pier, about 1.5 miles N of Main Wharf. displaying the usual signals, about 4 miles S of Savage Island.
A tanker berth, 152.4m long, lies about 1 mile S of Main
7.33 Port authorities must be notified 48 hours prior to a vessel’s
7.33

Wharf. A pipeline extends to the shore from this berth. ETA.

Five vessels moored to their own two anchors can be loaded
7.33 In the event no pilots are available, a vessel should anchor
7.33

simultaneously to drafts of 6.4m in the inner harbor. about 3.5 miles SSW of Hodge Point until one can be obtained.
Vessels moved from the inner harbor to the outer harbor can
7.33 Regulations.—As silting may have occurred, it is advisable
7.33

be loaded to a draft of 7.9m. to obtain information prior to anchoring.

The Kaladan Multipurpose Transportation Project is current-
7.33 Vessels are prohibited from entering Sittwe Harbor between
7.33

ly (2014) underway and includes construction of a deepwater sunset and sunrise.

port and dredging. Signals.—Storm and weather signals are displayed at Sitt-
7.33

Horseshoe Shoal (20°05'N., 92°51'E.), a large body of shoal

7.33 we; the Indian Extended System is used. Further information
water with depths of 5.5m and less, extends about 5 miles SE on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Di-
from Fakir Point and then about 3.8 miles E, as a narrow tail rections (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian
about 1 mile wide. During the Southwest Monsoon, the sea Ocean under “India—Signals.”
breaks heavily over the outer part of this shoal. Anchorage.—Temporary anchorage can be taken outside
7.33

Passage Rock, Savage Island, Peaked Rocks, and White Rocks

7.33 the outer bar, in depths of 12.8 to 14.6m, between 3.8 and 4
lie on the E side of the fairway between 1.5m and 2.5 miles S of miles S of Savage Island. During the Southwest Monsoon, this
Fakir Point. Passage Rock, 4.3m high and the outermost danger, is anchorage may not be practicable.
bordered by deep water on all except its E side. A disused light- When necessary, vessels can anchor in the outer harbor out-
7.33

house lies on the NW point of Savage Island. side of the inner bar. Good anchorage berths lie N of Saunders
Fakir Reef (20°06'N., 92°54'E.), topped by drying rocks, ex-
7.33 Shoal Buoy, in depths of 6.7 to 9.4m. The ebb tide, which runs at
tends almost 0.5 mile SSE from Fakir Point. a considerable rate in this vicinity, may cause vessels to drag
Saunders Shoal (20°07'N., 92°56'E.), a detached 5.5m
7.33 their anchors. It is recommended that eight shots of chain be
patch, lies in the fairway about 2 miles ENE of Fakir Point. veered when anchoring anywhere within Fakir Point.
Flat Island (20°11'N., 92°58'E.), low and brush covered, lies
7.33 Cargo vessels usually anchor close offshore, in the inner har-
7.33

in the middle of the river about 5.3 miles NE of Fakir Point. bor W of Flat Island Spit between the Main Wharf and Charug-
Paw Kyun, a similarly-covered island, lies close N of Flat Is- yea Chaung. Vessels drawing less than 5.5m can anchor abreast
land. of the hospital, about 0.3 mile S of the Main Wharf.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 231

Anchorage is prohibited in the area lying between the tanker

7.33 thaya. In clear weather, this peak is sometimes visible for 45 miles
berth and the shore. when viewed from the S.
Directions.—Deep-draft vessels approaching from the W
7.33 Combermere Bay (19°37'N., 93°29'E.) is entered between
7.35

during the Southwest Monsoon should steer 091° for Prain Kyunthaya and the N point of Nakhaungbauk Kyun, about 6.5
Daung on Myengun Kyun, which leads between Oyster Reef miles to the S. Nasapo Kyun, 111m high and conspicuous, lies
and Heckford Patch to the entrance range over the outer bar. about 2.3 miles SE of Kyunthaya. This wedge-shaped island
The beacon on White Rocks, in line bearing 350° with Sav-
7.33 makes a good landmark. Naungdaw Kyun, 1 mile E of Nasapo
age Island Light, leads over the outer bar. A course of 330° Kyun, attains an elevation of 256m in the conspicuous cone-
should be steered from a position about 1.3 miles S of the bea- shaped summit of Seppings Peak. The peak slopes gradually
con on White Rocks, which leads about 0.5 mile W of this bea- on its SE side.
con and about 0.3 mile W of Peaked Rocks. When W of Black Rocks (19°38'N., 93°29'E.), which dry 2.4m, lie in the
7.35

Savage Island, course should be altered to pass 0.3 mile NW of entrance of Combermere Bay about 2.8 miles SSW of the SE
Passage Rock and then a course of about 060° will pass about extremity of Kyunthaya.
0.3 mile SE of the buoy moored off Fakir Reef, which leads to Many islands, islets, and shoals lie within the entrance of
7.35

a position with Fakir Point Light bearing 315°, distant 1 mile. Combermere Bay. Only native craft attempt to enter it as a rule,
Course should then be altered to the N between Fakir Point and because of these dangers and intricate channels.
Saunders Shoal, and thence to the inner bar or to the anchorage Temporary open anchorage can be taken, in depths of 12.8 to
7.35

in outer harbor. 16.5m, mud with good holding ground, off the entrance of
The strong S and W set of the ebb tidal current must be al-
7.33 Combermere Bay.
lowed for; vessels should be well kept up after passing the A shoal, with depths of 9.1 to 11m, lies between 5 and 8
7.35

buoy off Fakir Reef and before turning toward the inner bar or miles NW of Nakhaungbauk Kyun.
the anchorage.
7.36 Kyaukpyu Harbor (19°27'N., 93°34'E.) is situated
7.34 Boronga Point (19°49'N., 93°02'E.), the S extremity between Tankharo Island, on the S side of Combermere Bay,
of Myengun Kyun, has a narrow ledge of rocks extending and the N side of the NW end of Ramree Island. The harbor
about 1 mile S from it. Some of these rocks dry. provides sheltered anchorage. The town of Kyaukpyu lies on
The broken and irregular coasts between Boronga Point and
7.34 the N shore of Ramree Island. Fletcher Hayes Strait leads E
Ramree Island, about 35 miles SE, is deeply indented by Hunt- from the harbor, E of Ramree Island, and then SE to Ramree
ers Bay and Combermere Bay. Harbor, about 32 miles distant. Only boats use this passage.
Peinnechaung Kyun (19°57'N., 93°05'E.), a high and thick-
7.34 The tides in Kyaukpyu Harbor are semidiurnal.
7.36

ly-wooded island, lies 1 to 6 miles E of Myengun Kyun and The velocity of the tidal current ranges from 1 to 3 knots.
7.36

roughly parallel to it. Seaward of Saddle Island, the flood sets N and the ebb sets S,
Research Strait (19°58'N., 93°02'E.), which lies between
7.34 frequently with considerable velocity. At neaps, the currents
Myengun Kyun and Peinnechaung Kyun, provides sheltered are very weak. Between the islands, the currents follow the di-
passage to small craft with local knowledge, especially during rections of the channels.
the Southwest Monsoon. The S end of the strait is deep, but The pilot boards about 4.4 miles NNE of North Terrible
7.36

shoals rapidly toward the N end. A shoal, with a least depth of Rock Light (Thanta Light). An anchorage lies centered about
6.1m caused by a mud volcano, lies in the S part of the strait 6.6 miles NW of the light, while a spoil ground area lies about
about 2.3 miles ENE of Boronga Point. 7.5 miles NE.
A chain of small islands, rocks, and foul ground extends
7.34 Tankharo Island (19°30'N., 93°32'E.), long, narrow, and
7.36

about 7 miles SSE from the S End of Peinnechaung Kyun. thickly wooded, lies about 1.5 miles SE of Nakhaungbauk
Painaisa Island, 58m high, and Conspicuous Rock, 9.1m high, Kyun and separates Combermere Bay from Kyaukpyu Harbor.
are easily distinguished. Bingham Rock, which dries, lies at the Wood Harbor, a small inlet, lies close N of the NW end of
S end of the chain. Tankharo Island.
Painaisa Island has been reported to be a good radar target up
7.34 An extensive shoal area, with depths of 11m and less, ex-
7.36

to 14 miles. tends about 2.5 to 4.3 miles W from the N half of the Island.
Ingrinchaing Kyun, inconspicuous from seaward, lies about
7.34 Kyaukpandu (19°29'N., 93°30'E.) lies about 2.3 miles SSW
7.36

3.5 miles E of and parallel to Peinnechaung Kyun. Linlok of the NW extremity of Tankharo Island and is 25m high. The
Kyun, a small island 80m high, lies close SE of the S end of In- rock, conical-shaped and toped by two sharp points close to-
grinchaing Kyun. A chain of above and below-water obstruc- gether, occasionally has its seaward side white washed which
tions extend about 4 miles SE from Linlok Kyun. makes an excellent mark. The S and W sides of the rock are
Hunters Bay (19°55'N., 93°19'E.), entered between Linlok
7.34 steep-to.
Kyun and Kyunthaya about 9 miles SE, is shallow over most of North Shoal (19°28'N., 93°30'E.), a small rocky patch, part
7.36

its area and has no commercial value to ocean shipping. of which dries, lies about 1.5 miles SSE of Kyaukpandu.
Kyunthaya (19°43'N., 93°27'E.), bold and high, rises to an
7.34 Giles Bank (19°28'N., 93°27'E.), small in extent with a least
elevation of 262m at its NW end, the most conspicuous part of depth of 6.7m, lies about 2.8 miles WSW of Kyaukpandu and
the island. is the outermost danger on the N side of the entrance of Kyauk-
pandu Harbor.
7.35 Retkamauk Taung (19°48'N., 93°28'E.), a conspicuous Sinbaikchaing and Ledaung Kyun, two small islands, lie
7.36

peak 480m high, lies about 4.5 miles NE of the NW end of Kyun- close W of the N half of Tankharo Island. The N island is low,

Pub. 173
232 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

whereas the S island is high. A small pagoda stands at the NW foreshore of mud which dries up to 0.3 mile offshore, lies on
end of a ridge of hills on the N island. the S side of the harbor between Dalhousie Point and the en-
Squadron Rocks, low and covered with scrub growth, lie
7.36 trance of Ngalapwe Creek, about 0.8 miles SE.
close off the SW end of Sinbaikchaing. Soundings in Ngalapwe Creek differ from charted depths. In
7.38

Laws Island (19°26'N., 93°37'E.), 158m high and covered

7.36 1964, there was a least depth of 4.8m in the channel leading to
with foliage, lies in the E part of Kyaukpyu Harbor, about 0.8 the piers within the creek. The least depth was found on the
mile SE of the S extremity of Tankharo Island. A shoal spit ex- alignment of the entrance range across the bar at the mouth of
tends about 1 mile W from the NW side of Laws Island. the creek.
Anchorage can be taken SE of Dalhousie Point, in depths of
7.38

7.37 Saddle Island (19°25'N., 93°27'E.), located on the S 16.5 to 18.3m, mud, with the pier bearing between 271° and
side of the entrance of Kyaukpyu Harbor, rises to two rounded 288°, 0.5 mile distant. Care should be taken to avoid the shoal
summits near its N end. This island lies about in the middle of and the wreck SE of Dalhousie Point. Strong eddies occur at
a narrow area of shoal ground about 2.8 miles long and 0.7 springs.
mile wide. A group of drying rocks lie on a shoal about 1.5 Vessels approaching from the W or NW should enter Kyauk-
7.38

miles S of the S end of Saddle Island. Bowman Passage lies be- pyu Harbor by steering 091° for Kyaukpandu and remain on that
tween this latter group of rocks and the foul ground extending course until North Terrible bears more than 212°. When North
S from Saddle Island. A detached 5.5m patch lies about in the Terrible bears more than 212°, or when the N extremity of Sad-
middle of the passage, 1.3 miles S of the S end of Saddle Is- dle Island bears 119°, course should be altered to 099° to enter
land. the harbor, steering for Laws Island Light and passing S of Giles
Dicey Shoal (19°27'N., 93°27'E.), over which the sea breaks
7.37 Bank and North Shoal and N of Dicey Shoal and Reliance Shoal.
heavily, lies at the N end of the foul ground extending N from Having passed Reliance Shoal, course may be shaped for the an-
Saddle Island. chorage SE of Dalhousie Point.
Dickenson Channel, with depths of 14.6 to 20.1m, lies be-
7.37 Vessels approaching from the S may pass E of the Terribles.
7.38

tween Irrawaddy Rock and the foul ground which extends W The approach should be made with the summit of Nasapo
from Saddle Island. Kyun (19°39'N., 93°33'E.) in line bearing 029° with the N
Helen Passage (19°24'N., 93°27'E.), the channel between Sad-
7.37 point of Nakhaungbauk Kyun. When South Terrible bears
dle Island and Ramree Island, is unsafe because of the numerous 316°,course should be altered to 001° to pass about 2 miles W
reefs and rocky patches which foul it. A close approach to Saddle of Irrawaddy Rock. When the summit of Nasapo Kyun bears
Island should not be made from any direction. 040°, and is well open NW of Nakhaungbauk Kyun, it should
Cap Islet, 45m high and conspicuous, lies about 1.5 miles SE
7.37 be steered for on a course of 040° until Paungnetkyi Light
of the S end of Saddle Island. Knot Islet, about 1 mile NNE of bears 099°. The directions previously given should then be fol-
Cap Islet, is low with some scrub growth. Both islets lie on an lowed for entering the harbor.
area of foul ground which extends about 1 mile WNW and 1.8
miles NW from Adams Point (19°24'N., 93°29'E.) on Ramree 7.39 Kyaukpyu (19°25'N., 93°33'E.) (World Port Index
Island. No. 49630), a small town and trading center, lies near the shore
Adams Point, the NW extremity of Ramree Island, is low
7.37 about 0.8 mile SE of Dalhousie Point. Major development of
and backed by a ridge of hills. Mount Peter, 101m high, lies the port is in progress (2013).
about 0.5 mile E of Adams Point. An anchorage area, best seen on the chart, for vessels await-
7.39

The coast between Adams Point and Georgina Point, about 3

7.37 ing the pilot, lies about 17 miles WNW of Kyaukpyu. The pilot
miles NE, and then to Dalhousie Point 2 miles farther E, is bor- boards in position 19°30'N, 93°20'E. The track leads ESE
dered by several beaches and rocky points. through an entrance channel marked by lighted buoys.
The NW end of Ladies Ridge, about 0.8 mile long, lies with
7.37 An iron pier, about 0.2 mile SSE of Dalhousie Point, has a depth
7.39

its N edge about 0.5 mile S of Georgina Point. Conspicuous of 3.7m alongside. A submarine pipeline has been laid between
from the W are some trees lying at an elevation of 66m, near Shwe Gasfield (19°40'N., 92°35'E.) and the shore, about 0.8 mile
the NW end of the ridge. ESE of this pier.
Bombay Shoal (19°26'N., 93°31'E.), a rocky foul area with
7.37 A T-shaped pier, 78m length at its head with an alongside
7.39

a least depth of 2.7m, lies at the outer edge of an area of foul depth of 3.7m, lies close SSE of Dalhousie Point. A smaller jetty
ground extending from the coast almost 0.8 mile NNW of lies close SE.
Georgina Point. A detached 4.9m patch lies about 1 mile W Gadechy Harbor is part of a deep-water port under develop-
7.39

and a similar patch lies about 0.8 mile E of Bombay Shoal. ment (2017) about 9.5 miles SE of Kyaukpyu and includes the
Maday Island Oil Terminal. The terminal has a T-shaped pier ex-
7.38 Reliance Shoal (19°27'N., 93°32'E.), a detached tended by mooring dolphins to a length of 465m. It is designed
patch with a least depth of 3m, lies about 1.3 miles NE of for vessels up to 300,000 dwt.
Georgina Point. Ramree Island (19°07'N., 93°47'E.) is about 43 miles long
7.39

Dalhousie Point, low and sandy, is well-marked by high

7.38 in a NW and SE direction and about 20 miles wide across its
trees. The ruins of a fort and a large clump of coconut trees lie center, the widest part of the island.
on the point. A small shoal, with a least depth of 4.9m, lies West Point (19°22'N., 93°28'E.), the W extremity of Ramree
7.39

about 0.5 mile SE of the point. Island, is located about 2 miles SSW of Adams Point.
The N part of Ramree Island, which forms the S side of
7.38 The coast between West Point and Thames Point, about 15
7.39

Kyaukpyu Harbor, is thickly wooded. A sandy beach, with a miles SSE, has a rocky appearance and rises steeply to a range

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 233

of high hills. Outer Peak, North Paps, and Tree Summit are the Vestal Shoal (18°03'N., 94°13'E.), a small coral patch with a
7.41

most prominent summits of this range. All of these summits least depth of 1.5m, lies about 6.5 miles ESE of Nantha Kyun.
are easily identified when not obscured by the coastal range. Robinson Shoal, about 1.8 miles E of Vestal Shoal, has a least
All of the dangers along this section of coast are contained
7.39 depth of 1.2m coral. Breakers usually mark both shoals.
within the 9.1m curve, which nowhere lies more than 1 mile Investigator Ledge (18°01'N., 94°09'E.), a coral patch with
7.41

offshore. Research Rock, about 2.8 miles SSW of West Point, a least depth of 21.9m, lies about 3.5 miles SE of Nantha Kyun.
has been previously described in paragraph 7.29. William Shoal, a rocky patch with a least depth of 4.6m, lies
7.41

about 13 miles ESE of Nantha Kyun. A narrow shoal bank ex-

Burma—Thames Point to Cape Negrais tends about 5 miles WNW from William Shoal and has depths
of less than 36.6m.
7.40 Thames Point (19°09'N., 93°36'E.), a low-lying pro-
jection marked by some tall trees, is located on the W coast of 7.42 Thyne Bank (17°46'N., 94°19'E.), with a least depth
Ramree Island, about 12 miles NNW of the entrance of Chedu- of 27.4m, lies about 9.5 miles WNW of Abhay Island
ba Strait. (17°45'N., 94°29'E.). White Bank, with a least depth of 21.9m,
The coast S of Ramree Island to Cape Negrais is rocky, irreg-
7.40 lies about 5.3 miles WSW of the same island. Both banks are
ular, and indented by numerous small bays, none of which pro- of coral formation.
vide good shelter during the Southwest Monsoon. St. John’s Rocks (17°28'N., 94°20'E.), a group of four
7.42

From Andrew Bay to the S, the coastal land is hilly, mountain-

7.40 rocks, lie about 20 miles SSW of Abhay Island. The largest
ous, and marked by high peaks which are visible from seaward rock is 12.2m high and resembles a church when viewed from
and serve as useful landmarks. The Arakan Yoma Range rises the N.
from the mountainous country along the W edge of Burma. The Calventuras Islands (16°54'N., 94°16'E.) comprise the
7.42

South of Taungnela, the range is lower and terminates in the vi- Northwest Group, located about 10 miles W of Broken Point
cinity of Cape Negrais. (16°55'N., 94°23'E.) and the Southeast Group. North Island
Ramree Harbor, the Sandoway River, and Andrew Bay are of
7.40 and South Island lie 7 miles WSW and 8 miles SW, respective-
some commercial importance. ly, of Broken Point.
Depths—Limitations.—Numerous small islands, rocks,
7.40 The highest island of the Northwest Group is 38m high. In
7.42

and shoals lie inside the 183m curve SE of Cheduba Island to a the Southeast Group, North Island is 39m high and South Is-
position about 20 miles W of Bluff Cape. land is 24m high. Their well-wooded summits form good land-
Between Gwa Bay and Cape Negrais, numerous dangers also
7.40 marks.
lie off the coast within the 35m curve. St. John’s Rocks and the Navigable channels lie between the Northwest Group and
7.42

Northwest Group of the Calventuras Islands lie outside the the Southeast Group, and between the latter group and the
35m curve. mainland. The channel between North Island and South Island
Depths within the 18 and 35m curves along the coast be-
7.40 should not be attempted. A rock, which dries 2.1m, obstructs
tween Ramree Island and Cape Negrais are irregular for the the channel midway between the islands and two large rocks
most part. lie close N of South Island.
Juanita Shoals (16°00'N., 93°40'E.), a coral bank with a
7.42

7.41 Nantha Kyun (18°04'N., 94°05'E.), an active mud least depth of 29.3m, lies about 30 miles W of Cape Negrais.
volcanic island 168m high, lies about 20 miles WNW of Bluff The coastal tides between Thames Point and Cape Negrais
7.42

Cape. The island is thickly wooded, but has a bare scar extend- are semidiurnal.
ing from the crater to the water on its W side. Tidal currents along the SW side of Cheduba Island follow
7.42

Good anchorage can be taken, in depths of 14.6 to 18.3m,

7.41 the general trend of the coast. Between the SE end of Cheduba
sand and mud, about 1 mile N of the island. The dangers lying Island and Ye Kyun there is a considerable indraft. During the
E of Nantha Kyun can be avoided by passing within 3 miles E Northeast Monsoon, the current may set to the S.
of the island. The currents in the vicinity of the shoals, lying W of the
7.42

Brougham Shoal (18°09'N., 94°07'E.), rocky and danger-

7.41 coast between Andrew Bay and Bluff Cape, are influenced and
ous, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies about 4.5 miles NNE of affected by the monsoons and the tides, both in velocity and di-
Nantha Kyun. The sea usually breaks over this danger. De- rection. The current sets strongly across these shoals.
tached shoal patches, with depths of 11 to 16.5m, lie up to 2 The current between Gwa Bay and Cape Negrais sets with
7.42

miles NE of the shoal. the direction of the coast, N or S according to the prevailing
Carpenter Shoals (18°15'N., 94°02'E.) consist of two sepa-
7.41 monsoon, and barely exceeds a velocity of 1 knot.
rate shoal areas, one with a least depth of 4.9m and the other Rocky Point (19°00'N., 93°41'E.), a low rocky reef-fringed
7.42

with a least depth of 6.7m. The shallowest patch lies about 10 projection marked by a white pole beacon, lies on the SE side
miles NNW of Nantha Kyun; the deepest patch lies about 3 of Ramree Island, about 10 miles SSE of Thames Point. All of
miles WNW of the shallowest patch. Numerous coral heads the known dangers along this section of coast lie within 1.5
and shoal patches, with depths of 12.8 to 18.3m, lie within a ra- miles of the shore.
dius of 6.5 miles of the E patch.
New Shoal (18°05'N., 94°15'E.), a small rocky patch with a
7.41
Burma—Cheduba Strait
depth of 5.5m, lies about 8.8 miles ENE of Nantha Kyun.
Satellite Ledge (18°07'N., 94°18'E.), a coral shoal with a
7.41 7.43 Cheduba Strait (18°58'N., 93°38'E.) lies between
depth of 25.6m, lies about 12.5 miles ENE of Nantha Kyun. Ramree Island and Cheduba Island and is entered between

Pub. 173
234 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Rocky Point and Searle Point, the N extremity of Cheduba Is- land.
land. The strait is about 4.5 miles wide, but the navigable chan- On Chaung enters the sea about 2 miles S of Sandy Point,\
7.45

nel is much less because of the fringing dangers along the and is marked by a white pagoda about 1 mile WNW of its en-
sides. A least charted depth of 6.4m exists along the recom- trance.
mended track leading through the strait. Cheduba Village lies about 0.8 mile within the creek en-
7.45

Beacon Island (18°56'N., 93°27'E.) lies near the outer end

7.43 trance.
of an extensive area of foul ground which extends about 10.5 The coastal bank, as defined by the 5.5m curve, extends from
7.45

miles W from Searle Point. This stony 9.1m high island is 1 to 6 miles offshore from the E side of Cheduba Island. Taik
marked by a white stone beacon on its highest part. Kyun, 78m high with an even-rounded summit, lies near the out-
Mud volcanoes frequently raise islets and shoals in the vicin-
7.43 er edge of this shoal, about 10 miles SSE of Sandy Point.
ity of Cheduba Strait. These islets may disappear suddenly, Ywathit Taung and Taungni Taung, both on Cheduba Island,
7.45

leaving dangerous shoals. and the high hills on Ramree Island will be visible to vessels
Several volcanic shoals and islets were reported to lie be-
7.43 approaching Cheduba Strait from the NW. Helby Hummock
tween 4.8 and 8 miles NNW of Beacon Island. The dangers and Dark Hill are seen over the low ground of Rocky Point.
break heavily during the Southwest Monsoon. From a position about 5.5 miles W of Rocky Point with
7.45

Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, good hold-

7.43 Zikha Taung bearing 102° and Ywathit Taung bearing 170°,
ing ground, about 1.8 miles NE of Beacon Island, with the vessels should steer 109° on the recommended track indicated
lighthouse bearing about 215°, or in a depth of 11m with the on the chart and toward the dome-shaped hill on Ramree Is-
lighthouse bearing 242°, distant 4.8 miles. Small vessels can land. When Dark Hill bears 338°, course should be altered to
anchor, in a depth of 6.4m, mud and sand, about 1.5 miles NNE 158°. If Dark Hill is kept bearing not more than 338° astern,
of Searle Point. the mud volcano shoal NE of Sandy Point will be cleared to
starboard. When 2 miles have been made on the 158° course, a
7.44 Northeast side of Cheduba Strait.—Zikha Taung bare blunt conical hill will appear open W of Dark Hill.
(18°56'N., 93°51'E.), the highest peak on Ramree Island, rises As the edge of the coastal bank E of Cheduba Island is fairly
7.45

to a height of 305m about 10 miles ESE of Rocky Point. Dark steep-to in places, preference should be given to the E or Middle
Hill, 79m high and wooded, lies near the shore about 2.8 miles Ground side of the channel. When Taik Kyun bears 203°, Middle
E of Rocky Point. Helby Hummock, a small wooded hill about Ground will have been cleared. From abeam of Taik Kyun, the
2.8 mile SSE of Dark Hill, shows up well from the NW. A bare blunt conical hill and Dark Hill will be just visible over the
123m high dome-shaped hill lies near the coast, about 4 miles horizon and will appear as a hill with twin summits.
NW of the S end of Ramree Island, and is a useful mark for
vessels entering the strait from the WNW. 7.46 Cheduba Island (18°47'N., 93°38'E.), roughly trian-
Shoal water, with depths of 5.5m and less, fronts the S coast
7.44 gular in shape, lies about 5.8 miles SW of the SW side of Ram-
of Ramree Island at distances up to 1.3 miles between Rocky ree Island. The island is well-wooded and marked by several
Point and Button Island, about 9 miles ESE. Between this is- high hills on its W and SW sides.
land and the S extremity of Ramree Island, about 8.5 miles far- Ywathit Taung (18°48'N., 93°37'E.), about 7 miles S of
7.46

ther ESE, similar depths extend up to 0.8 mile offshore. Searle Point, is 172m high and conspicuous. Taungni Taung,
Middle Ground, an extensive shoal area with depths of 4.3 to
7.44 196m high, lies about 2 miles farther S and has two pagodas on
5.5m, occupies about 0.7 mile of the channel to the E of the its summit. Palengu Taung, 257m high, lies 7 miles SE of
recommended track through the strait between Sandy Point and Taungni Taung on the S part of Cheduba Island.
the S extremity of Ramree Island. Between Middle Ground and The N and E sides of the island have been previously de-
7.46

the coastal shoal to the W, the channel is about 1 mile wide and scribed in paragraph 7.44. West Hill, 186m high and wooded,
has a least depth of 6.4m. The channel between Middle Ground lies 7 miles SE of the NW point of the island.
and the S coast of Ramree Island is about 0.3m mile wide with The high SW coast of Cheduba Island is bold and fronted by
7.46

a least depth of 6.1m. above and below-water rocks.

Henry Rocks (18°52'N., 93°27'E.), a group of above and be-
7.46

7.45 Southwest side of Cheduba Strait.—The N coast of low-water rocks, lie on a reef about 2.3 miles WSW of the NW
Cheduba Island is generally low and fronted by foul ground; point of Cheduba Island. The highest rock rises to a height of
above-water rocks lie on parts of this foul ground. 5.2m.
A patch, with a depth of 5.5m, lies about 3 miles SSW of
7.45 Oyster Rock, above-water, lies about 1.8 miles SE of Henry
7.46

Rocky Point and is the furthest west of a line of shoals which Rocks and has been reported to be a good radar target up to 22
extends about 5 miles ESE. The shallowest patch has a least miles.
depth of 2.4m. The recommended track passes N of these dan- A rock, awash at LW, lies about 1.3 miles offshore W of
7.46

gers. West Hill.

A mud volcano shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about
7.45 Pyramid Bay (18°41'N., 93°39'E.), located near the S end of
7.46

1.8 miles NE of Sandy Point and close W of the recommended Cheduba Island, provides good anchorage to native craft
track. Great caution must be exercised when navigating in this during the Northeast Monsoon. A high pyramidal rock lies off
vicinity. the entrance of this bay.
The E coast of Cheduba Island is low for about 8 miles and
7.45 A reef, marked by numerous above-water rocks, extends up
7.46

then becomes high as far S as the southernmost point of the is- to 2 miles S from the S end of Cheduba Island.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 235

Burma—Islands and Approaches to Ramree This shoal is the remains of a volcanic eruption which occurred
Harbor in 1908.
Osprey Rocks (18°40'N., 94°05'E.), 2.4m high, lie within
7.48

7.47 Ye Kyun (18°37'N., 93°47'E.), Taung Kyun and nu- the coastal bank about 5.5 miles SE of Magyi Kyun (18°44'N.,
merous rocks lie on the foul ground which extends about 8 94°00'E.), an island on the E side of Ramree Roads.
miles SE from the S extremity of Cheduba Island. Gungasager Rocks, 0.9m high, lie at the SW end of a narrow
7.48

Ye Kyun lies near the edge of the foul ground about 3 miles
7.47 shoal about 4.8 miles SSE of Osprey Rocks. A detached area of
S of Taik Kyun. Ye Kyun, reef-fringed, is generally low, but foul ground, with depths of 6.7 to 7.9m, lies about 1.5 miles N
rises to an elevation of 32m in its central part. Several detached of Gungasager Rocks.
reefs lie between the two islands. Pantaw Rocks (18°40'N., 94°09'E.), a group of above and
7.48

Taung Kyun, 4.9m high, lies about 0.8 mile S of Ye Kyun.

7.47 below-water dangers, lie about 4 miles ENE of Osprey Rocks.
South Rock, which dries 2.4m, lies near the outer edge of the The N rock lies 0.6m high.
foul ground, about 0.5 mile S of Taung Kyun.
There is no clear passage between Cheduba Island and Ye
7.47 7.49 Ramree Harbor (19°00'N., 94°00'E.) comprises the
Kyun. Taung Kyun should not be approached within a distance estuary of the Kaleindaung River, which flows into the sea be-
of 2 miles from any direction. tween the S extremity of Ramree Island and the mainland to
Ramree Harbor lies between the SE side of Ramree Island and
7.47 the E.
the mainland. Ramree Roads and the entrance of the harbor are A group of islands obstructs and divides the harbor entrance
7.49

approached from the NW through Cheduba Strait and from the into two channels, the E and W entrances. The W or main en-
SW through Heywood Channel, Childers Channel, and the chan- trance channel is known as The Gates. Ramree Roads lie about
nel W of Nerbudda Shoal, all of which lie between numerous is- 5 miles SW of The Gates.
lands and dangers. The tides in Ramree Harbor are semidiurnal.
7.49

West Shoal (18°30'N., 93°50'E.), a group of sunken rocks,

7.47 In the harbor at springs, the flood sets N and the ebb sets S at
7.49

lies about 5 miles SSE of Taung Kyun. The rocks are some- a velocity of 3 knots. The tidal current sets through The Gates
times visible at LW when the sea breaks over them. Taung in the direction of the channel at velocities of 3 to 4 knots.
Kyun, bearing more than 338°, leads W of this danger. Magyi Kyun (18°44'N., 94°00'E.), the S island in the ap-
7.49

Sail Rock (18°33'N., 93°51'E.), 2.4m high and small in ex-

7.47 proach to Ramree Harbor, lies about 6.3 miles SSE of the S ex-
tent, lies almost 4.8 miles ESE of Taung Kyun. False Rock, 3m tremity of Ramree Island. This 80m high island is surrounded
high, lies about 4.5 miles NNE of Sail Rock and is joined to it by foul ground. Nyaungbin Kyun, a small islet, lies about 0.5
by a chain of sunken rocks and reefs. mile SW of Magyi Kyun and marks the SW edge of the foul
Heywood Channel (18°34'N., 93°49'E.) lies between Sail
7.47 ground surrounding the latter island. A small islet lies about in
Rock and False Rock, and the shoal ground extending E from the middle of the foul ground which extends about 1.5 miles W
Taung Kyun and Ye Kyun. In the narrowest part of this channel from the W extremity of Magyi Kyun.
NW of False Rock, there is a least depth of 9.8m. Passage Sagu Kyun (18°48'N., 93°58'E.), 106m high near its SW
7.49

through this channel is not recommended. side, is the largest island in the approach to Ramree Harbor and
forms the S side of The Gates. Channel Clump, a lone conspic-
7.48 Unguan Island (18°26'N., 93°55'E.), about 11 miles uous group of high trees, lies near the N coast of Sagu Kyun
SE of Taung Kyun, is 40m high with a dense clump of trees on about 1.3 miles WSW of the N point of the island, and forms a
its summit. This island lies on the W side of an area of foul useful landmark for The Gates from the SW. Big Rock, 18.3m
ground about 2 miles long and 1.3 miles wide. A detached high, lies on the foul ground close off the S side of Sagu Kyun.
7.3m patch was reported to lie about 0.5 mile NW of Unguan Between the 10m curves in Ramree Roads SSW of The
7.49

Island. Gates, there is a least charted depth of 9.6m. Depths elsewhere

East Reef (18°30'N., 93°56'E.), an area of foul ground
7.48 in the approach channel range from 10.1 to 43.9m. Fishing
which uncovers 1.2m, lies about 4 miles NNE of Unguan Is- stakes are usually found in the channel about 2 miles S of The
land. Shoal depths of 9.1m and less extend about 0.8 mile NE Gates.
from the reef. Channel depths within The Gates are for the most part deep,
7.49

Cutters Patch (18°28'N., 93°54'E.), a detached 4.6m patch,

7.48 ranging from 9.6 to 65.9m. Harbor depths up to 10 miles with-
lies about 2 miles NNW of Unguan Island. in The Gates range from 10.1 to 20.1m.
Childers Channel (18°30'N., 93°52'E.) lies between West
7.48 Alligator Rocks, which dry, lie near the N shore of Sagu
7.49

Shoal, Sail Rock, and False Rock to the W and Unguan Island, Kyun and are surrounded by deep water. A beacon lies on the
Cutters Patch, and East Reef to the E. This channel, which has shore reef extending about 1.3 miles NE from the NE extremity
a least depth of 16.5m, is recommended when West Shoal is of Sagu Kyun.
breaking. The E entrance of Ramree Harbor lies between the E side of
7.49

Nerbudda Shoal (18°22'N., 93°59'E.), irregular in shape

7.48 Sagu Kyun and the mainland, but is fouled by numerous reefs
with depths of 1.2 to 18.3m, lies centered about 5.3 miles SE of and shoals and is available only to fishing vessels and small
Unguan Island. The channel between Unguan Island and Ner- craft with local knowledge.
budda Shoal is almost 3 miles wide at its narrowest part and
has a least depth of 18.3m. This channel is frequently used be- 7.50 Dragon Shoal (18°53'N., 93°59'E.), parts of which
cause of the light on Unguan Island. A patch, with a depth of dry, is about 4.3 miles long and narrow and lies with its S end 1
1.2m which breaks, lies on the SW end of Nerbudda Shoal. mile NNE of the N extremity of Sagu Kyun. White Rock, 0.9m

Pub. 173
236 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

high and one of a group of above-water rocks on the shoal, lies Shoal and Flat Reef. Vessels should be kept to the deeper water
about 1.3 miles S of the N end of Dragon Shoal. towards Flat Reef. Caution is advised. Having passed Flat
Two white marks lie on the W shore of the harbor 1.3 and 3.8
7.50 Reef, course should be shaped to pass about 0.5 mile E of Low
miles NNE of the S extremity of Ramree Island. The fairway of Islet and then at similar distances E of Oyster Rock and Cutters
the channel between Dragon Shoal and the shore bank to the W Rock, taking care to avoid any fishing stakes.
is about 0.8 mile wide with depths of 10.5 to 18.3m. When N of Cutters Rock, vessels approaching the entrance
7.51

Flat Reef (18°55'N., 94°00'E.), which covers at HW, lies be-

7.50 of the Ramree River should keep about 0.8 mile off the W
tween the N end of Dragon Shoal and the shore bank to the W. shore of the harbor. Caution is necessary between White Rock
The SE and NW sides of the reef are marked by beacons. The and Flat Reef, and in the vicinity of Oyster Rock, Cutters
reef may be passed on either side, but the channel to the E is Rock, and Nepal Rock.
preferred. Mingaung Chaung connects the head of Ramree Harbor with
7.51

Low Islet (18°58'N., 94°00'E.), marked by a beacon and

7.50 the inner part of Kyaukpyu Harbor, via Fletcher Hayes Strait.
steep-to on its E side, lies about 2.3 miles N of Flat Reef and Vessels drawing 2.4m or less can use this channel.
about 0.5 mile SE of Kyangyaung Point, a high bluff. The Ramree River has its entrance almost 8 miles N of
7.51

A rocky patch, almost awash at low water springs, lies about

7.50 Kyangyaung Point and about 17 miles within The Gates. At or-
0.8 mile N of Low Islet. This patch lies about midway between dinary HW, vessels drawing 2.7m or less can enter the river and
Low Islet and a white mark on the W shore about 1.5 miles proceed to within 1.5 miles of the village of Ramree. Local
NNW of Low Islet. knowledge is necessary.
Oyster Rock (19°00'N., 93°59'E.), which covers at HW and
7.50 A road connects the village with a wharf about 5 miles with-
7.51

is marked by a beacon, lies 3 miles N of Low Islet. in the river’s entrance.

Cutters Rock lies 1 mile N of Oyster Rock. For about 4 miles
7.50 The entrance of the shallow Kayaing River (18°45'N.,
7.51

N of Cutters Rock to a position abeam of the entrance of the 94°09'E.) lies about 11 miles SE of the N point of Sagu Kyun.
Ramree River, there are depths of 5.9 to 7.3m, but the channel A series of long, low islands forms the coast for about 14
7.51

is narrowed by mud banks. miles SSE of the entrance of the Kayaing River to the entrance
of the Sandoway River. The Kyaukpyu mountain range backs
7.51 Middle Bank (19°04'N., 93°59'E.) lies about 1 mile this part of the coast. The SW point of Singaung Kyun, the
SW of an island located 3 miles E of the Ramree River en- southernmost island along this section of coast, lies on the N
trance. This bank partly dries and has a group of rocks awash side of the entrance of the Sandoway River. A rest house stands
on its W side. on the SW point.
Nepal Rock, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about C mile E
7.51 Several detached reefs and rocks, which dry, lie between the
7.51

of the Ramree River entrance. The rock is sometimes marked entrance of the Kayaing River and Magyi Kyun to the W. The
by a swirl. positions of these dangers can best be seen on the chart.
Between Nepal Rock and the narrow entrance of the Min-
7.51

gaung Chaung, about 2 miles farther N, depths of 7.3 to 12.8m 7.52 Whalers Rock (18°37'N., 94°12'E.), awash, lies
exist in the fairway. about 2.5 miles WNW of the N end of Singaung Kyun and 2
Fishing stakes are placed at various places in the harbor and
7.51 miles offshore.
may constitute a hazard to navigation. Between Whalers Rock and Drunken Sailor Rock, about 5
7.52

Excellent anchorage can be taken, in depths up to 18.3m, in

7.51 miles to the S, the coast is bordered by an area of foul ground
all parts of Ramree Harbor, not obstructed by shoals or fishing which extends up to 2.5 miles offshore in places.
stakes. Drunken Sailor Rock (18°33'N., 94°13'E.), which nearly
7.52

Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 11m, between the W

7.51 dries and breaks at LW, lies about 2 miles W of the SW point of
side of Dragon Shoal and the shore bank to the W, about 3.8 Singaung Kyun. Under certain conditions of tide and wave
miles NNE of the S end of Ramree Island. height, the rock may be visible at other times.
Vessels may approach Ramree Harbor from the S and in
7.51 Zalat Taung, an island 52m high, lies on the S side of the en-
7.52

such case the channel between Unguan Island and Nerbudda trance of the Sandoway River, about 0.8 mile SW of the SW
Shoal is recommended. Unguan Island must not be brought to point of Singaung Kyun. Foul ground extends about 0.8 mile
bear less than 350° until well N of Nerbudda Island, when a SW from the central part of the island and a detached 9.1m
046° course may be steered through mid-channel. patch lies about 0.5 mile farther SW.
Vessels approaching from the SE should pass SW of Gun-
7.51 Singyat Kyun lies close SE of Zalat Taung and is separated
7.52

gasager Rocks and Osprey Rocks at distances of 2 and 2.5 from it by a foul channel.
miles, respectively. Vessels should pass between 2.5 and 4 Gaw Taung (18°30'N., 94°16'E.), a 168m high hill, lies near
7.52

miles W of Magyi Kyun and then a N course towards The the coast about 3 miles SE of the Sandoway River entrance.
Gates then steered, taking care to avoid fishing stakes in the This hill is a good landmark, being the highest elevation along
near approach to the entrance of the harbor. A course of 054° this section of coast.
leads through The Gates in mid-channel. Open anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 11m, mud, about
7.52

Then, when the N point of Sagu Kyun bears 140°, course

7.51 1.3 miles N of Drunken Sailor Rock, with the rest house on
should be altered to the NNE and the W of the two clumps of Singaung Kyun bearing 120°, distant 2.3 miles.
trees on the N coast of Sagu Kyun kept bearing 208° astern. During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels with local knowl-
7.52

This leads between Dragon Shoal and the shoals and rocky edge can anchor about 0.8 mile S of Drunken Sailor Rock.
patches lying off the Ramree Island shore and between Dragon During the Southwest Monsoon, this anchorage is exposed and

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 237

dangerous. miles WSW of Money Point and is the outermost danger. A

A heavy surf breaks on this coast in the vicinity of the Sand-
7.52 drying rock lies about 1.3 miles S of the SW extremity of the
oway River entrance when the wind is W of N. promontory; a foul patch lies about 1.5 miles SE of the same
extremity.
7.53 The Sandoway River (18°33'N., 94°13'E.) is entered Remarkable Rock (18°14'N., 94°22'E.), 9.1m high and con-
7.54

between the SW point of Singaung Kyun and Zalat Taung Is- spicuous, lies about 2.5 miles ESE of the pagoda mentioned
land. The river is tidal for a short distance above the town of above.
Sandoway. Vessels drawing 2.4m can ascend the river at ordi- The shallow Kamgit River and the Salu River enter the sea
7.54

nary HW from its entrance to within 4 miles of the town. Only about 4.8 miles SE and 6.8 miles SSE of Remarkable Rock.
small craft can be accommodated.
The low sandy rock-fringed coast between Gaw Taung and
7.53 7.55 Bluff Cape (18°00'N., 94°26'E.), about 14 miles SSE
Apaw-ye Kyun, about 9 miles SSE, is backed inland by some of Remarkable Rock, rises steeply from the sea to a height of
isolated hills and ranges. 137m and is a fairly conspicuous landmark. The shallow Kye-
Apaw-ye Kyun (18°23'N., 94°19'E.), a bluff island, rises to
7.53 intali River discharges about 2 miles E of the cape.
an elevation of 90m. Mud volcanoes were reported to lie about Between Bluff Cape and the Gwa River, about 24 miles SSE,
7.55

1.8 miles W and almost 1 mile SSW of this island. the coast is bordered by several hills and peaks which are easi-
Andrews Bay (18°20'N., 94°20'E.), entered between an un-
7.53 ly identified from the offing. Taungnela, 1,146m high, lies
named point and Money Point, about 3.3 miles SSW, is clear of about 12.5 miles E of Bluff Cape. Kungyaung Taung, 707m
dangers in its central part, but bordered by foul ground around high, lies about 14 miles SE of Bluff Cape. High Peak, 12
its shores and inner reaches. miles SSE of Bluff Cape, rises to a height of 585m. Taunglun
Money Summit rises to an elevation of 0.8 mile SSW of
7.53 Taung, 253m high, lies almost 4 miles S of High Peak and But-
Money Point. This summit, topped with detached trees, is a ton Hill, 124m high, lies 3 miles S of Taunglun Taung.
conspicuous landmark and easily identified from the offing. The Satthwa Chaung, almost entirely obstructed by a reef at
7.55

Mills Patch (18°19'N., 94°15'E.), the shoal remains of a

7.53 its entrance, discharges into the sea about 14 miles S of Bluff
mud volcano with a least depth of 6.1m, lies about 4.5 miles W Cape. A narrow passage leads through the reefs to the village
of Money Point and is a hazard to vessels bound for Andrew of Satthwa just within the entrance.
Bay. An area of foul ground, marked by numerous drying rocks,
7.55

Depths are regular in the near approach to Andrew Bay, de-

7.53 extends about 2.5 miles SW from the entrance of the Satthwa
creasing gradually to a depth of 18.3m between the entrance Chaung. A 9.1m patch lies about 0.8 mile W of the outer edge
points. Depths within the bay, up to 2 miles within the en- of this foul ground.
trance, range from 18.3 to 9.1m, but much less elsewhere. Gwa Bay (17°37'N., 94°34'E.) is entered between a 63m
7.55

Depths have been reported to be less than charted in Andrew high peninsula and an unnamed point about 2 miles S.
Bay. The N entrance point is fringed by foul ground which extends
7.55

Good anchorage is provided with good holding ground, but

7.53 about 0.5 mile SSW and 0.8 mile W from it. A detached drying
the bay is exposed to the full force of the Southwest Monsoon. reef lies 1.8 miles W of the S entrance point. A similar reef lies
Shelter is provided from the force of the monsoon in Mayo Bay 0.5 mile SSW of this reef. Gwa Kyun (17°34'N., 94°31'E.), 44m
in the SE part of Andrew Bay, but the swinging room is re- high, lies near the outer edge of the foul ground which extends
stricted by a shoal patch in the middle part of the bay. about 3 miles SW from the S entrance point of Gwa Bay. The is-
Sandoway Bay (18°22'N., 94°21'E.), a small shallow inden-
7.53 land is an excellent landmark.
tation, lies on the N shore of Andrew Bay close within the en- Anchorage is provided, in depths of 7.3 to 11m, within Gwa
7.55

trance. Two beacons, in line bearing 348°, lead to the Bay, but W winds are experienced.
anchorage within the bay. During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels occasionally call at
7.55

A beacon lies on the E side of the bay about 0.8 mile E of the
7.53 the village of Gwa on the E side of the entrance of the river on
lighthouse on the N entrance point of Andrew Bay. A radar the S side of the bay.
buoy is moored about 0.5 mile E of the same lighthouse. The coast between Gwa Bay and Broken Point, about 42
7.55

miles SSW, is indented by several small bays which provide

7.54 Mayo Bay (18°18'N., 94°22'E.) lies near the SE corner anchorage in good weather. During the Southwest Monsoon,
of Andrew Bay and provides sheltered anchorage during the little shelter is provided except in Danson Bay.
Southwest Monsoon. Depths of 4.9 to 5.5m lie within 2 miles S of Gwa Island and
7.55

Berthing facilities consist of a pontoon jetty and a 112.8m

7.54 up to 1.8 miles offshore. With the exception of the above
causeway with a depth of 5.2m alongside. Beacons, in line depths, all of the other dangers lie within 1.3 miles of the shore
bearing 147°, lead to a position close off the head of this pier. between Gwa Island and Bomie Bay, about 13.7 miles to the S.
A large promontory, with Money Point as its NW extremity,
7.54 Bomie Bay (17°20'N., 94°33'E.), small in extent and shal-
7.55

extends about 5 miles W from the general line of the coast low, is available only to small craft.
close S of Andrew Bay. Mawyon Pagoda, conspicuous from
seaward when the sun shines on it, stands on the SW part of 7.56 Pontamau Island (17°19'N., 94°30'E.), 54m high and
this promontory. reef-fringed, lies about 3 miles W of Bomie Bay. Myauk Island
Dangerous foul ground, marked by numerous above and be-
7.54 lies near the outer edge of the shoal ground which extends
low-water rocks, fronts the W side of the promontory up to 3.5 about 0.5 mile NE from Pontamau Island.
miles offshore. A detached drying rocky patch lies about 4.3 Round Hill, 194m high, and Thumb Hill, 238m high, lie 5.3
7.56

Pub. 173
238 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

and 8 miles SSE of Pontamau Island. Both hills are conspicuous tor Head and the N end of Koronge Island, about 5.3 miles SW,
and form excellent landmarks. provides little protection except from the S. Large vessels
Danson Bay (17°12'N., 94°29'E.) is entered about 6 miles
7.56 should not enter this bay because of the numerous dangers ly-
SSW of Pontamau Island; unlike other bays found along this ing within it. A small shallow river empties into the S part of
section of the coast, is sheltered from S and SW winds. Foul the bay.
ground, marked by numerous rocks, extends about 3.5 miles W
from the SW entrance point of Danson Bay. West Sandy Islet, 7.58 Koronge Island (Goyangi Kyun) (16°32'N.,
4.6m high, lies on this foul ground about 0.5 mile from its out- 94°15'E.), 81m high and rugged, is wedge-shaped and rocky.
er edge. North Rock lies close off the NE end and West Rock lies close
The central part of the bay has depths ranging from 5.5 to
7.56 off the SW end of the island.
14.6m, but its shores are bordered by foul ground which ex- Koronge Island has been reported to be a good radar target
7.58

tends up to 1 mile offshore in places. up to 16 miles.

Large vessels can anchor, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, with
7.56 Goyangi Kyun Light is shown from a black framed tower
7.58

Round Hill bearing 056° and Thumb Hill bearing 098°. This with white bands standing on a rising ground near the center of
anchorage is sheltered from all except NW winds. Vessels, the island.
when entering, should give West Sandy Islet a berth of 2 miles. Good anchorage, protected from the N and NW, can be tak-
7.58

Along the Rakhine coast lies a rock. awash. in position

7.56 en, in a depth of 11m, sand, between the S end of Koronge Is-
17°08.5', 94°26.5'E. land and the mainland. The anchorage should be approached
The coast between West Sandy Islet and High Island, about
7.56 cautiously to avoid Crawford Shoal and the drying rock on the
9.3 miles S, is indented by an open bay in its N part and fringed S side of the approach.
by shoal ground which extends up to 2 miles offshore in places. Between Koronge Island and Cape Negrais, about 29 miles
7.58

High Island rises to a height of 40m. Shoal ground, with depths to the S, the coast is indented by numerous small coastal inlets.
of 5.5m and less, extends about 3.3 miles NW from High Island. Round Cape, 104m high, thickly wooded, and conspicuous,
7.58

Sandy Island, 10.5m high, lies on this shoal ground about 1.3 lies about 15.5 miles S of Koronge Island. Conical Mount,
miles NW of High Island. 224m high and cone-shaped, lies about 4 miles SE of Round
Cape and is conspicuous from all directions.
7.57 The Kyaungtha River (16°57'N., 94°26'E.), entered Spike Hill (16°22'N., 94°18'E.), about 7.5 miles NE of
7.58

close N of High Island, is shallow and available only to native Round Cape, rises to a height of 259m. Fat Hill, 4 miles NE of
boats. Cape Negrais, is 198m high. All of the above peaks comprise
Between Broken Point, about 3.3 miles SW of High Island,
7.57 the most conspicuous summits between Koronge Island and
and Koronge Island, about 24 miles SSW, the coast is rocky Cape Negrais.
and irregular. Crawford Shoal (16°29'N., 94°13'E.), a group of drying
7.58

The Thitpok River enters the sea about 11 miles S of Broken

7.57 rocks, lie about 3 miles SW of Koronge Island. A spit, with a
Point. Round Island, 39.6m high, lies about 0.8 mile N of the depth of 5.5m at its outer end, extends about 0.5 miles S from
entrance and 0.5 mile offshore. The river is available only to Crawford Shoal.
boats.
Vibart Shoal (16°43'N., 94°19'E.), small in extent and irreg-
7.57 7.59 White Rock (16°29'N., 94°15'E.), which dries, lies
ular, with a least depth of 4.6m, lies about 2.8 miles SW of about 2.3 miles SSE of Koronge Island.
Round Island. May Gaumgaun, Ung Chune, and Lichune form a group of
7.59

Alligator Head (16°36'N., 94°19'E.) is the S extremity of a

7.57 islands which lies between 6 and 9 miles S of Koronge Island.
large, rocky promontory about 19 miles S of Broken Point. Rocks and foul ground fringe the three islands. A narrow shoal,
When viewed from the offing, it resembles an alligator’s head with a least depth of 4.9m, lies centered about 1.3 miles SW of
facing S. May Gaumgaun. A rock, 3.4m high, lies on the S edge of a
Ngayot Taung (16°32'N., 94°24'E.), one of the most con-
7.57 shoal area about 0.5 mile SW of Lichune.
spicuous peaks along this coast, rises to a height of 401m, A stranded wreck lies close N of Lichune (Leik Kyun).
7.59

about 6.3 miles SE of Alligator Head. Saingbain Kieu (16°20'N., 94°11'E.), a group of large con-
7.59

Milestone Rock (16°40'N., 94°17'E.), a detached steep-to

7.57 spicuous rocks, some appearing white, parallel the coast for
rock 12.2m high, lies 4.5 miles NNW of Alligator Head. about 3 miles and 2.5 miles offshore. North Twin, the N rock,
Little Quoin Island (16°39'N., 94°20'E.) lies about 3.5
7.57 lies 6 miles NNW of Round Cape. South Twin, the S rock, lies
miles NNE of Alligator Head. about 4 miles NW of Round Cape. Several detached shoal
High Island (16°37'N., 94°18'E.) lies about 2 miles NW of
7.57 patches lie between this group and the coast.
Alligator Head, North Reef, South Reef, and West Reef lie Mushroom Rock, 2.7m high, lies about 2 miles N of Round
7.59

about 1 mile S through W to N of High Island. Saba Island lies Cape. Several detached shoal patches, with depths of 9.1m and
between South Reef and Alligator Head. Two small shoals, less, lie within 1.5 miles W through 1.5 miles NW of Round
with depths of 8.2 and 16.5m, lie about 2.8 miles WNW of Cape.
High Island. Black Rock, 1.2m high and dark-colored, lies about 4.5
7.59

Ngayok Bay (16°34'N., 94°18'E.), entered between Alliga-

7.57 miles SW of Round Cape.

Pub. 173
 239
8. West Coast
Sector 8—Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—

8.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 8 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 241

SECTOR 8
BURMA—SOUTH AND WEST COASTS AND THAILAND—WEST COAST

8.0Plan.—This sector describes the S and W coasts of Burma have been previously described in paragraph 7.25.
(Myanmar) and the W coast of Thailand between Cape Negrais 8.1The climatic seasons of the Tenasserim Coast and the W
and Ko Phucket and includes the Irrawaddy River Delta, the coast of Thailand are based on two major wind systems, name-
Gulf of Martaban, and the Mergui Archipelago. The descrip- ly the Northeast Monsoon and the Southwest Monsoon, each
tive sequence is E and then S. with its own weather characteristics.
8.1The Northeast Monsoon, which is associated with the Northern
General Remarks Hemisphere winter, extends from early December through late
March. This is the dry season, but a flow of warm moist air from
8.1 Between Cape Negrais and the Sittang River, the Ir- across the South China Sea covers the before-mentioned coasts
rawaddy coast, the Bassein River and the Rangoon River, and causes somewhat higher cloudiness, occasional thunder-
which include the ports of Bassein and Rangoon are described storms, higher temperatures, and humidities than over the remain-
first. A description of the Tenasserim Coast then follows as far ing areas. The greatest contrasts are in November, December, and
S as the Tavoy River and includes the port of Moulmein, January, when these coasts are hot, humid, and rainy. Thunder-
Bentinck Sound, the Ye River, Heinze Chaung, and the off-ly- storms reach their lowest frequency during the Northeast Mon-
ing Moscos Islands. Bentinck Sound provides some shelter. soon. Temperatures reach their lowest values, except at some
8.1The coast of Burma, between Tavoy Point and Victoria stations along these coasts where all seasons are about equally
Point, is indented by many inlets of little or no commercial val- warm and humid. Cloudiness is at a minimum, with the lowest av-
ue to ocean shipping. Many mountain ranges parallel this erages usually occurring in January. Visibilities are usually good,
coast. The only ports of any importance along this entire sec- but there is some early morning fog.
tion of coast are Tavoy and Mergui. 8.1The spring transitional monsoon season, usually from mid-
8.1The Pakchan River forms the boundary between Burma and March to mid-May, is the period in which the dry NE winds
Thailand. Victoria Point (9°58'N., 98°33'E.) lies on the N side give way to the moist SW winds. Weak and variable winds oc-
of the entrance of this river. cur in April and May. There is a slight increase in rainfall in
8.1The coast of Thailand, between the entrance of the Pakchan April and a big increase in May. Thunderstorm frequencies rise
River and the entrance of Takua Pa Inlet, is mostly low, densely sharply, and are most frequent during May. Temperatures reach
wooded, and intersected by many rivers and creeks. It has not their maximum values in April. Relative humidities and cloud-
been closely examined. A range of mountains backs this coast. iness increase.
A number of islands, many surrounded by reefs, lie off this 8.1The Southwest Monsoon, which extends from mid-May
coast; others are joined to the mainland by sandbanks. Takua through late September, is the rainy season. Daily intermittent
Pa Inlet is formed by a large river which flows into the sea by light rain, interspersed with occasional heavy rainstorms or
way of four channels between the parallels of 9°15'N and thunderstorms accompanied by torrential downpours, occur.
8°52'N. Cloudiness reaches a maximum during the Southwest Mon-
8.1The coast between the S entrance of the Takua Pa Inlet and soon. Maximum cloud cover reaches 80 to 95 per cent. Tem-
the N entrance of Chong Pak Phra is regular and is fronted by peratures decrease slightly at most places due to the increased
the Similan Islands. Chong Pak Phra is the narrow strait be- cloud cover. The average daily temperatures are in the upper
tween the coast and Ko Phuket, a large island to the S. The W 27° or low 32°C; relative humidity reaches its highest values.
coast of the latter island is indented by several open bays. The Visibility is usually good. Poor visibility occurs mainly during
N part of this coast, with the exception of a small area, is low, heavy rain squalls.
wooded, and backed by hills of moderate elevation. The S part 8.1The autumn transitional monsoon season is normally limited
rises steeply to a mountain range from about 262 to 518m high, to the months of October and November. During this period,
densely wooded, and sloping gradually to the N and S. the moist Southwester Monsoon is replaced by moist E winds
8.1The Mergui Archipelago, which consists of approximately over these coasts. Weak and variable winds, with land and sea
1,000 islands ranging in size from mere hummocks of rock to breezes prevailing, occur until the Northeast Monsoon is estab-
King Island, the largest of the group, with an area of about 175 lished. Rainfall decreases, but thunderstorms increase slightly
square miles, lies within the 95m curve. The archipelago ex- over these coasts. Temperatures and relative humidity remain
tends from Tavoy Island, the N extremity of which is nearly 20 high. Cloudiness decreases, except over the S of the Tenas-
miles S of Tavoy Point, to the Similan Islands, a distance of serim coast and the W coast of Thailand. Periods of low visibil-
about 285 [Link] Great Western Torres Islands, the outer- ities are rare.
most islands, lie about 70 miles off the mainland. Some of the 8.1Tides—Currents.—The current W of the entrance of the Ir-
islands have mountain peaks which attain a height of 762m. rawaddy River is irregular in the fine weather season and varies
The outer islands are steep and wooded; the nearshore islands with the direction of wind, here the current has no apparent
are low and covered with jungle. There are no ports of signifi- connection with the rise and fall of the tide.
cance, but there are many sheltered anchorages. 8.1During November, December, and January, little or no flood
8.1Winds—Weather.—The weather and climate of Burma current is observed S of Alguada Reefs, except at springs.

Pub. 173
242 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

8.1The tides along the Tenasserim coast and along the W coast curves at distances of about 2 to 8 miles within the latter curve.
of Thailand are semidiurnal with a small diurnal inequality in Shoal depths of 5.5m and less lie between the 11m curve and
both time and height. The tides approach these coasts from the the shore.
SSW and progress N. The mean spring ranges increase from 8.2The 20m curves lies about 18 miles SE and 21 miles E of
about 3m at the Burma-Thailand border to over 5.2m at Mer- Baragua Point and then extends E to the vicinity of Kalegauk
gui. Island, and approximates the outer limits of the Gulf of Marta-
8.1The currents flow at an average rate of 0.4 knot, with a max- ban.
imum of about 0.7 knot. The set and drift of the currents in lo- 8.2The 10m curve to the SE and E of Baragua Point lies only
cal areas often varies from the patterns shown below. This is about 1 to 2 miles within the 20m curve, but to the ENE it lies
due to frequent storms. Near the coast, the tidal currents will between 8 and 30 miles offshore.
also exert great influence and will either augment or deter the 8.2Those depths and dangers which lie within the 10m curve are
non-tidal currents. described together with the principal description of that part of
8.1The currents along the Tenasserim coast and along the W the coast which they front.
coast of Thailand usually set N in January and S in February. In 8.2A shoal, with a depth of 9.1m, was reported to lie about 46
March the water flowing N from the Strait of Malacca causes a miles S of Elephant Point.
N current to flow along these coasts. This flow continues 8.2Caution.—Vessels should not approach within a distance of
through April. In May the currents set from S to SW, except for 3 miles of the coast in the vicinity of Cape Negrais. A fringing
the extreme S part of this area where a N current still exists. reef and off-lying rocks make caution advisable even outside
The currents set S in June and July and N from August through this distance.
December. 8.2The shallow bank, which fronts the delta shore between Pu-
8.1The tidal current movement is usually semidiurnal in charac- rian Point and Baragua Point, should not be shoaled to depths
ter with some variations in the velocities and durations of the of less than 18.3m.
flows. The tidal currents, as a rule, set from ENE to NNW on
the rising tide and from WSW to SSE on the falling tide. Con- 8.3 Yadana Gas Field (15°08'N., 94°47'E.), consisting of
siderable variation in set and drift is to be expected between the three lit platforms, situated about 48 miles SE of Purian Point.
many islands off these coasts and in the confined areas and es- Submarine pipelines run ESE and NE to the coast of Burma.
tuaries.
8.1Tidal currents are strong along the entire coast between Tav-
oy Point and the Burma-Thailand border. Between Tavoy Point
and Forrest Strait, the tidal currents usually set N on the rising
tide and S on the falling tide at rates of 2 to 4 knots. The tidal
currents attain a rate of 2.3 knots through Forrest Strait. In
deeper water offshore, the tidal effect becomes negligible and
the general circulation predominates. Tidal bores occur in the
mouths of rivers and bays.
8.1There is comparatively little reliable information concerning
the tidal currents off the W coast of Thailand. These tidal cur-
rents seldom exceed 2 to 3 knots and are seldom experienced
over 8 miles offshore.
8.1Caution.—Uncharted drilling rigs may be temporarily locat-
ed in the Andaman Sea. Uncharted well heads and other ob-
structions may also be located in the Andaman Sea.
8.3 Yadana Platform
Cape Negrais to the Sittang River
8.2 Cape Negrais (16°02'N., 94°12'E.), the seaward ex- 8.3The platforms are enclosed by a Permanent Marine Exclu-
tremity of a spur of the Arakan Yoma range, is fronted by con- sion Zone within which unauthorized entry is prohibited and-
spicuous cliffs which rise about 0.8 mile inland to a high best seen on the chart. Unauthorized navigation, fishing,
summit. The cape has been reported to be a good radar target trawling and anchoring are prohibited within 5 miles of the ex-
up to 24 miles. clusion zone.
8.2The coast of the Irrawaddy Delta is low along its entire 8.3Another gas field with multiple lighted platforms, as seen on
length between the Bassein River and the Sittang River. The the chart, is situated about 100 miles WNW of the Maungma-
only high coastal ground lies on the W side of the mouth of the gan Islands. A 5 mile wide restricted area, in which anchoring
Bassein River; here the S extremity of the Arakan Yoma Range and trawling are prohibited, surrounds a gas pipeline running
terminates in the vicinity of Maw Dengi. Between the Bassein ESE for 170 miles from the SE corner of Yadana Gas Field to
River and the China Bakir River there are no landmarks and the close N of Heinze Islands.
navigational aids are few in number. 8.3The coast between Cape Negrais and Maw Dengi, about 6
8.2Depths—Limitations.—Between positions S of Purian miles SSE, consists of a series of low densely-wooded hills. In
Point and Baragua Point, the 20m curve lies about 10 to 20 the vicinity of Maw Dengi these hills have some conspicuous,
miles offshore. The 10m curve roughly parallels the 20m reddish slopes of driven sand which leave well-defined edges

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 243

of dark foliage near their summits.

8.3The coast between Cape Negrais and Maw Dengi is fringed
by reefs and shoal patches which extend up to 1.3 miles off-
shore in places.
8.3Maw Dengi (Pagoda Point) (15°57'N., 94°15'E.), about 30m
high and flat, terminates in a bare bluff. A pagoda lies on the
point and is visible above the trees. A small 2.7m high obelisk
lies on the reef on the SE extremity of Maw Dengi.
8.3A shoal, with depths of 5.5m and less, lies up to 0.5 mile S
and W respectively of the point. A detached 5.5m patch lies
about 1 mile W of the point.

The Irrawaddy River Delta

Alguada Reef Light bearing 092°
8.4 The Irrawaddy River rises in the N part of Burma and
generally flows to the S. Augmented by numerous tributaries, in an area between 19 miles W and 18.5 miles SSW of Alguada
the Irrawaddy River flows into the Bay of Bengal by way of Reef Light.
several channels through an extensive delta lying approximate- 8.5Several detached shoal patches, with depths of 5.5 to 14.6m,
ly between the meridians of 94°15'E and 96°50'E. This delta is have been reported to lie within a 1 mile radius of a position
being constantly extended seaward by the deposit of silt. Many about 17 miles WNW of Alguada Reef Light.
low islands are formed near its seaward extremity by tidal
backwaters and smaller cross channels which connect with the 8.6 Phaeton Shoals (15°47'N., 94°14'E.), a group of
main channels. shoal patches with a least depth of 4.3m and 2 miles in extent,
The only channels through the Irrawaddy Delta used by
8.4 lie centered about 10.3 miles S of Maw Dengi. Depths of 11 to
ocean-going vessels are the Bassein River and the Rangoon 18.3m surround these shoals.
River, the furthest W and E, respectively. 8.6Thamihla Kyun (15°52'N., 94°17'E.), flat and wooded, lies
about 5.5 miles SSE of Maw Dengi. Reefs and shoals extend
Approaches to the Bassein River about 2 miles SSW and 0.8 mile NE from the island. Rocky
patches, with a least depth of 7.9m, extend about 0.8 mile W
8.5 Maw Dengi, which lies on the NW side of the en- from the island. Thamihla Kyun has been reported to be a good
trance of the Bassein River, has been previously described in radar target up to 18 miles.
paragraph 8.3. 8.6Baroni Rock (15°52'N., 94°17'E.), with a least depth of
8.5Purian Point (15°50'N., 94°24'E.), low and backed by a 4.9m, lies about 0.5 mile NE of the N end of Thamihla Kyun.
group of trees 23m high, lies on the SE side of the entrance of 8.6Haing Gyi Shoal (15°57'N., 94°17'E.), with depths of 5.5m
the Bassein River. White sandstone low bluffs extend 1.5 miles and less, extends about 5.5 miles S into the river entrance from
NE from the point. Higher bluffs begin about 1 mile NNE of the shore about 3.3 miles NE of Maw Dengi.
the point and extend to the N for about 1.3 miles. 8.6Depths in the channel between Thamihla Kyun and the shore
8.5Tides—Currents.—Tides in the entrance of the Bassein bank extending about 6 miles WNW from Purian Point range
River are semidiurnal. from 6.1 to 9.1m. Depths in the approach to and within the en-
8.5The tidal currents set strongly across Phaeton Shoals; the trance channel W and N of Thamihla Kyun range from 18.3 to
flood current sets E and the ebb current sets W. 7.3m.
8.5About 1 mile N of Thamihla Kyun the tidal currents are rotary 8.6Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots will board off the
during spring tides. At the beginning of the flood tide, the cur- pilot station, located about 0.3 mile SE of Dalhousie Point.
rent sets 152° and changes through 090°, so that at the end of the 8.6During the Northeast Monsoon, if no pilot is readily avail-
flood it sets about 057°. With the commencement of the ebb tide, able, a vessel should proceed to the anchorage SE of Thamihla
the current sets about 315° and changes through 270°, setting at Kyun.
the end about 225°. The greatest velocity, 1.5 knots, is attained 8.6To avoid delay, the vessel’s ETA should be sent to the Port
during the second and third quarters of each tide. Officer at Bassein at least 48 hours prior to arrival.
8.5Near the entrance bar, the flood current sets about E and the 8.6Directions.—Vessels approaching the entrance of the Bas-
ebb current sets between SW and SSW at velocities of 1.5 to sein River from the S should not approach Alguada Reef Light
3.5 knots during spring tides. At spring tides, during the rainy closer than 3 miles. The summit of Haing Gyi Kyun bearing
season, the ebb current may reach a velocity of 6 knots. 020°, and well open E of Thamihla Kyun, leads about 0.5 mile
8.5Depths—Limitations.—.Alguada Reef (15°42'N., 94° E of the easternmost shoal depths of Alguada Reef and Phaeton
12'E.), almost awash at HWS, has detached sunken rocks ex- Shoals. Having passed Phaeton Shoals, course should be
tending a considerable distance from it. Hugh Rose Rock, shaped for the anchorage SE of Thamihla Kyun. Care should
which is awash, lies off the N end of the reef about 2.5 miles be taken to allow for the tidal current.
NNE of the light, which lies near the SW end of the reef. A 8.6A course of 350° should be steered to pass E of the two light-
4.1m patch lies about 1.3 miles S of the light. Depths of 10.1m ed buoys E of Thamihla Kyun, passing N of Broni Rock and
and less extend about 0.8 miles farther SW. then altering course to the NE, entering the river between
8.5Caution.—Less water than charted has been reported to lie Haing Gyi Shoal and Purian Bank. When 3 miles S of Rocky

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244 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Point, alter course NNE and pass not less than 0.2 mile W of vessels exceeding a length of 137m and twin-screw vessels ex-
Burgess Rock. Having cleared that rock course should be al- ceeding a length of 145m are advised not to attempt the upriver
tered to the NE and then proceed to the anchorage off the pilot passage.
station at Dalhousie Point. 8.7Deep-draft vessels await HW in order to cross the entrance
8.6Vessels approaching the entrance of the river from the W, if bar; HW is essential to cross Panmawaddy Flat. Successive pe-
proceeding to the anchorage SE of Thamihla Kyun, should riods of HW are usually required and the passage in both direc-
pass about 1 mile N of the island so as to clear the shoal depths tions ordinarily takes more than a day.
N of Baroni Rock. When Thamihla Kyun Light bears 206°, 8.7In heavy weather, the best time to cross the bar is between
steer for the anchorage. This approach is not recommended half tide and 2 hours after HW at Thamihla Kyun. During the
during the Southwest Monsoon, when the vessel should pro- Southwest Monsoon, a clearance of at least 1.2m under the
ceed directly to the anchorage off the pilot station. keel is considered necessary when crossing the entrance bar.
8.6Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon, good anchor- 8.7Haing Gyi Kyun (16°00'N., 94°19'E.), an island with a
age can be taken, in depths of 8.2 to 9.1m, about 1 mile SE of 135m high densely-wooded summit on its NE extremity, lies
Thamihla Kyun. When anchored in this position, the summit with Rocky Point, its S extremity, about 5 miles ENE of Maw
on Haing Gyi Kyun should bear about 016° and the light struc- Dengi. A 22m high tree on Southeast Point, about 0.3 mile
ture on Thamihla Kyun about 322°. NNE of Rocky Point, is a good mark.
8.7Wolf Rock (15°59'N., 94°20'E.), with a depth of less than
The Bassein River to Bassein 1.8m, lies about 0.4 mile off the E side of Haing Gyi Kyun.
Foul ground extends about 0.4 mile E and S from the rock.
8.7 The Bassein River, the W of the channels leading 8.7The E bank of the river between Purian Point and Ward
through the Irrawaddy Delta, is the means of access for ocean- Point, about 10.8 miles to the N, forms the SE side of the river
going vessels calling at the port of Bassein, about 75 miles entrance.
above the river’s entrance.
8.7The river entrance has been reported to be a good radar target 8.8 Purian Bank (15°53'N., 94°22'E.) lies within the lim-
up to 15 miles. its of the shore bank which extends about 6 miles NW and then
8.7Winds—Weather.—The weather generally is hot and hu- 9.8 miles NE to Ward Point. Depths over this bank and shoal
mid. The heavy rainfall, which sometimes exceeds 2,700mm are less than 5.5m.
annually, occurs during the Southwest Monsoon between June 8.8Burgess Rock (16°00'N., 94°22'E.), with a least depth of
and September. 5.5m, lies about in the middle of the main fairway, about 2.8
8.7Storm and weather signals are displayed at Thamihla Kyun miles WSW of Ward Point.
in accordance with the Indian Extended System. The Extended 8.8Dalhousie Point, on the W bank about 2.5 miles N of Ward
System is in use at Bassein; the port receives information but Point, is marked by several pagodas.
no signals are displayed. Further information on these storm 8.8Long Sand (16°04'N., 94°28'E.), which consists of two is-
signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning lands lying on a long, narrow shoal, lies about 3 miles ENE of
Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India— Ward Point. Shoal depths extend about 3 miles WSW and NNE
Signals.” from Long Sand.
8.7Tides—Currents.—Large diurnal inequalities and seasonal 8.8Tazingyun (16°09'N., 94°32'E.), which consists of two is-
variations best describe the tides at Bassein. lands close together, lies on the E side of the fairway about 4
8.7Tidal currents at springs attain velocities of 1.5 to 2 knots miles above Long Sand.
during the flood and up to 3 knots during the ebb. During fresh- 8.8Ransom Reach (16°17'N., 94°39'E.) is entered about 7.5
ets the velocity may reach 5 knots. miles upriver from Tazingyun. Sesostris Rocks lie on the W
8.7A tide gauge lies on Ashby Rockys near the W bank of the side of the reach; two small islands lie on the E side of the
river and just N of Panmawaddy Flat. A white cage topmark reach.
and red, black, and white plaques from the top downward, re- 8.8Sinswe Kyun (16°23'N., 94°42'E.) lies in mid-channel at the
spectively, mark the tide gauge. Each plaque represents 0.3m; N end of Ransom Reach. Alexander Rock, with a least depth of
the lower edge of the topmost white plaque marks the 7.9m 4.6m, lies in mid-channel about 0.5 mile S of Sinswe Kyun.
level. Pariah Rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about 1.8
8.7Depths—Limitations.—The least depth in the channel over miles N of Sinswe Kyun at the outer edge of Enterprise Flat.
the bar which lies across the entrance of the Bassein River is 8.8Amazon Point (16°29'N., 94°41'E.), on the E bank of the
about 6.1m. The bar lies between the shallow flat close E of the river about 5.3 miles N of Sinswe Kyun, marks the S entrance
Maw Dengi and the W and SW edges of Purian Bank. The point of the shallow Panmawaddy River. Panmawaddy Flat,
channel over the bar leads between Purian Bank to the E and with a least depth of 0.3m and surrounded by shoal depths of
Haing Gyi Shoal to the W. 5.5m and less, lies with its N end about 1.3 miles SW of Ama-
8.7The controlling depth in the river channel between Thamihla zon Point.
Kyun and Bassein is the depth over Panmawaddy Flat. In 1964, 8.8Cockatoo Point (16°30'N., 94°40'E.), on the W bank of the
the channel was dredged to 5.2m. river, lies 1.8 miles NW of Amazon Point. Ashby Rocks,
8.7Changes in the channel are frequent and the navigational marked by a beacon, lie close N of Cockatoo Point.
aids are scarce. This lack of navigational aids makes navigation 8.8Elbow Point (16°32'N., 94°41'E.) lies about 2.8 miles NNW
at night impracticable. of Amazon Point. Elbow Shoal, as defined by the 6m curve,
8.7Due to the narrowness of the river at Bassein, single-screw lies about 1 mile SSW of Elbow Point at the outer end of a spit

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 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 245

extending from the shore. Bassein—Berth Information

Rangoon Creek, on the SE side of Junction Reach, flows into
8.8

the Bassein River about 8.5 miles above the entrance of the Berth Length Depth Remarks
Panmawaddy River. Two conspicuous masts support telegraph Ohmmardarni Ter-
wires across its entrance. 19m 6.0m General cargo.
minal
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.1 to
8.8

10.1m, about 1 mile E of Dalhousie Point. Satekan Terminal 36m 13.7m General cargo.
Vessels suspected of or infected with yellow fever must an-
8.8
U Lu Terminal 19m 2.7m General cargo.
chor off Dalhousie Point, not less than 0.5 mile distant from the
Wae Dout Terminal 109m 6.7m General cargo.
LW line. Vessels with plague or cholera on board may anchor
off Takaing Pagoda on the W bank of the river about 2 miles Zaye Chaung Ter-
36m 9.1m General cargo.
below Bassein. Vessels with other diseases on board may an- minal
chor anywhere below the wharves.

8.9 Bassein (16°47'N., 94°44'E.) (World Port Index No. The Gulf of Martaban
49640), Burma’s second-largest seaport, lies on the E bank of
8.10 The Gulf of Martaban is entered between Baragua
the Bassein River, about 75 miles above the mouth. Vessels
Point and the coast extending N abreast of Kalegauk Island,
usually frequent the port between January and September. Bas-
about 140 miles to the E. The Sittang River flows into the head
sein is primarily a rice-exporting center. The port is open to
of the gulf, about 75 miles N of the entrance. The Rangoon
vessels up to 145m in length and 7m draft during the fine sea-
River and the Moulmein River enter the sea on the NW and E
son and up to 7.3m draft during the Southwest Monsoon.
sides, respectively, of the gulf.
Each rice mill has one or more jetties, with alongside depths
The entire area of the gulf is shallow and anchorage can be
8.9

8.10

of 5.2 to 7.6m. About 732m of berthing space is provided for

taken anywhere with a suitable draft, but prior to anchoring the
lighters and native craft.
direction of the tidal current should be noted and very little
8.9Three fixed moorings, capable of accommodating vessels up chain veered until the vessel stems it.
to 107m in length, lie off the jetties, in depths of 5.5 to 6.7m.
In 1981, a dangerous wreck was reported to lie in position
8.10

Larger vessels sometimes anchor or moor off the jetties.

15°20'20"N, 96°36'12"E, about 60 miles SSE of Rangoon Riv-
8.9Tugs and an ample supply of lighters are available for han- er Western Channel Entrance. Other dangerous wrecks and
dling cargo.
navigational hazards in the Gulf of Martaban can best be seen
Between Purian Point and Baragua Point, the S extremity of
8.9 on the charts.
the Pyapon District, about 55 miles to the E, the coast is indented In 1985, natural gas was discovered in large quantities up to
8.10

by many of the outlets of the Irrawaddy River, including the Het- 100 miles offshore in the Gulf of Martaban.
kethaung River, the Ywe River, the Pyamalaw River, the Ir- From Baragua Point, the coast extends NE for about 35
8.10

rawaddy River, and the Bogale River, five of its principal miles to the mouth of the Pyapon River, the W outlet of the
mouths. This section of coast is low and nothing conspicuous is China Bakir River, and then ENE for about 23 miles to the
visible from outside the shallow banks which front it. main outlet of the China Bakir River, which enters the sea
A bank, on which the depths are less than 5.5m, fronts the
8.9 through extensive mud flats.
whole coast between Purian Point and Baragua Point and ex- U Pe Beacon (15°44'N., 95°24'E.) lies about 4.5 miles ENE
8.10

tends as much as 17 miles offshore from a position about 10 of Baragua Point and 1.5 miles inland. Pymbong Beacon lies
miles W of the latter point; numerous drying patches lie on the near the coast about 6.8 miles ENE of U Pe Beacon.
E part of the bank including Baragua Flats, which extend about
8 miles SW from Baragua Point. The coast is not visible from 8.11 Krishna Shoal (15°41'N., 95°37'E.), with a least
the S extremity of this bank. depth of 2.3m, extends about 12.5 miles NE as a narrow ridge
Vessels should not approach this section of coast in depths of
8.9 of hard sand, from a position about 11 miles SE of U Pe Bea-
less than 18.3m. con.
Baragua Point has been reported to be a good radar target up
8.9 Sanda Lightship is moored 7.5 miles ESE of the SW end of
8.11

to 29 miles. Krishna Shoal, but was reported (1978) to lie 7 miles NE.
Berthing details can be found in the table titled Bassein—
8.9 A mud volcano, the position of which is approximate, was
8.11

Berth Information reported to lie about 30 miles ENE of Pymbong Beacon.

A 9.1m detached patch was reported to lie about 43 miles
8.11

Bassein—Berth Information ESE of Pymbong Beacon.

The China Bakir River (16°19'N., 96°06'E.) entrance may
8.11

Berth Length Depth Remarks be identified by a clump of coconut palms on the W side and
Bassein Terminal 36m 6.7m General cargo. by Kanyingon Village on the E side. A ruined pagoda stands in
the village and Tazaung Tower stands about 2.5 miles farther E.
Garden Terminal 19m 6.0m General cargo. Bassein Creek, navigable by small craft at HW, branches off
Myae Nu Terminal 19m 5.4m General cargo. from the main outlet of the China Bakir River about 2.5 miles
within the entrance and connects with the Rangoon River about
Myitta Oo Terminal 36m 13.7m General cargo.
10 miles below the city of Rangoon.

Pub. 173
246 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

An extensive mud bank, which dries, fronts the coast be-

8.11 In Western Channel the flood current begins setting NE to-
8.12

tween the mouth of the China Bakir River and Elephant Point ward the entrance of the river, but after the flats nearby are cov-
and extends up to 4.5 miles offshore. Dedaye or Desaing Flats ered, about 2.5 hours after LW, the flood current changes
forms the SW part of the bank; Mye Saon Sand forms the NE direction and sets strongly onto Mye Soan Sand over which it
part of the bank. The remains of China Bakir Light are near the runs directly for Elephant Point. The velocity at springs is 5 to
SE point of the bank. These mud flats form the NW side of 6 knots.
Western Channel. Considerable eddies may be experienced off Elephant Point,
8.12

especially on the first of the flood. The great body of the flood
Approaches to the Rangoon River passes E into the Sittang River.
The ebb current sets SW in Western Channel outside Ele-
8.12

8.12 Elephant Point (16°28'N., 96°20'E.), about 16 miles phant Point. Southeast of Elephant Point, the ebb currents set
NE of the entrance of the China Bakir River, marks the W side across the channel onto a part of Eastern Sands.
of the entrance of the Rangoon River. A tide gauge and a tide gauge tower stand on Elephant Point.
8.12

Elephant Point Tower stands 0.3 mile SW of the point; an-

8.12 Depths—Limitations.—Changes in the depths and in the
8.12

other tower stands 0.5 mile farther SW. positions of the flats and shoals in the Rangoon River and its
Thante Point (16°30'N., 96°23'E.), which lies on the E side
8.12 entrance are so constant that the chart must be used with great
of the entrance of the Rangoon River, is low and lies about 3.5 caution. A shifting bar, with fluctuating depths, obstructs the
miles ENE of Elephant Point. The low land on both sides of the approaches to the entrance of the river. The bar has a soft silt
entrance of the river is not visible from seaward until about 7 bottom.
miles from the coast. The 11m curve lies about 26.5 miles S of the river entrance;
8.12

Beacons stand on Mye Saon Sand, about 2.3 miles S and 4.5
8.12 depths within this curve shoal gradually toward the flats which
miles SSW, respectively, of Elephant Point and are reported to lie in the river mouth and on either side of the main fairway.
be conspicuous. These white conical framework beacons with Thante Flats (Eastern Grove Flats) (16°28'N., 96°28'E.), an
8.12

black topmarks stand on black bases. extensive drying bank, extend almost 7 miles SE from Thante
Winds—Weather.—The winds at the entrance of the Ran-
8.12 Point. A shoal area, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends up
goon River are NE in December and veer E, blowing fresh to 8 miles farther SE from the S edge of Thante Flats (Eastern
during the day. The weather is generally good. In January the Grove Flats).
wind is more N, but sometimes a strong E wind prevails for A detached 4.6m patch lies about 20 miles SE of Thante
8.12

several days. Towards the end of the month, light land and sea Point. Depths in this vicinity have been reported to have
breezes are observed in conjunction with thick and hazy weath- shoaled considerably.
er. Eastern Sands (16°26'N., 94°24'E.), a shoal which dries up
8.12

In February and March, the land and sea breezes are regular.
8.12 to 2.4m in places, lies between 2 and 7 miles S of Thante Point.
Near the shore the sea breezes are fresh and generally the A flat, which dries 0.3m, lies about 5.8 miles SSW of Thante
8.12

strongest at the time of spring tides. Thick fogs prevail. Point.

The Southwest Monsoon commences about the middle of
8.12 The entrance channels leading into the Rangoon River shift
8.12

April. After a few stormy days the weather is clear until the be- frequently as the result of excessive silting. The navigational
ginning of May, when the monsoon develops fully and contin- aids which mark these channels are moved as necessary to con-
ues with few breaks until the end of October. In May and form to these changes. Buoys may be missing or unlit.
October, there is heavy but not continuous rainfall; in July and Western Channel is the main channel for entry into the Ran-
8.12

August continuous rainfall is often experienced. goon River. The channel is approached via Lanthaya Light
Tides—Currents.—Tides in the approaches to and in the
8.12 Float (Fairway Light Float) and Lower Float Lighted Buoy.
Rangoon River are semi-diurnal. The channel then leads N for 12 miles, converging with De-
Between a position about 22 miles SSW of Baragua Point
8.12 saing Flats and Mye Saon. The channel is marked by lighted
and the entrance of the Rangoon River, the tidal currents set buoys, a number of which have been reported unlit. The coast-
NE and SW, on the flood and on the ebb, respectively. During line near the Western Channel entrance has extended up to a
the Northeast Monsoon, the velocity at springs is 2 to 4 knots; half mile to seaward.
near the entrance of the Rangoon River the velocity is greater. Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for merchant vessels of
8.12

The ebb current is the stronger. Occasionally in October and over 200 gt.
November, a W set is observed sufficiently steady and strong The pilot vessel is usually at anchor about 17 miles S of Ele-
8.12

enough to overcome the flood which sets to the NE. phant Point. The pilot boards about 1.5 miles E of Lanthaya
There are rotary tidal currents, which shift clockwise, off the
8.12 Light Float.
mouths of the Irrawaddy River and off Baragua Flats. During In the vicinity of the pilot vessel, the current sets about 034°
8.12

the Northeast Monsoon, these currents attain velocities of 1.5 during the flood and 214° during the ebb.
to 2 knots at springs and about 0.8 knot at neaps. Close to the Vessels of 8m draft and over must anchor about 13 miles S of
8.12

mouths the tidal currents set in and out of the channels, attain- the pilot station and await instructions.
ing their greatest velocities at HW and LW. A vessel approaching the pilot vessel to obtain a pilot should
8.12

In the vicinity of the pilot vessel station, about 20 miles S of

8.12 pass astern of and never ahead of the pilot vessel; when in this
Elephant Point, the flood current sets about 034° and the ebb position, the vessel should make a lee for the boarding boat to
about 214°. The time of HW in this vicinity occurs about 1.5 the prevailing weather.
hours earlier than at Elephant Point. To enable vessels to locate the pilot vessel during thick
8.12

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 247

weather, whether at anchor or underway, on the sound of a ves- Light Vessel. Numerous wrecks, best seen on chart, lie ESE of
sel’s whistle or siren being heard, the pilot vessel will sound, Lanthaya Light Float. The partially-submerged wreck of the
on its whistle or siren, two long and two short blasts (letter Z of Dagon Light Vessel lies approximately 12 miles SSW of Lan-
the Morse code), and will repeat this signal at such intervals, thaya Light Float.
and for so long a period, as may be necessary to enable the ap-
proaching vessel to locate the pilot vessel. The Rangoon River to Rangoon
Regulations.—The ETA should be sent 48 hours and 24
8.12

hours prior to arrival at the pilot station and should include the 8.13 The Rangoon River, the E channel through the Ir-
following information: rawaddy Delta, flows into the Gulf of Martaban between Ele-
1. Vessel’s name and call sign. phant Point and Thante Point. The river channel leads in a
2. Length overall and length between perpendiculars. general NNW direction from Elephant Point to the port of Ran-
3. Gross tons, nrt, and dwt. goon, about 21 miles above the entrance. Most of the low, flat,
4. Fresh water draft fore and aft. and sparsely-wooded land bordering the river consists of rice
5. Maneuvering speed and sea speed. paddies. Compact clumps of trees lie in the vicinity of the vil-
6. Condition of navigational equipment and anchors. lages.
Signals.—The pilot vessel is radio equipped and displays the
8.12 Winds—Weather.—The climate in Rangoon is tropical
8.13

following signals: throughout the year, with three distinct seasons, which are the
1. By day—The regulation pilot flag (Hotel) and, if at monsoon period, the cool period, and the hot period.
anchor, a black ball. During the monsoon season (Southwest Monsoon), from
8.13

2. At night—Lights and signals as prescribed by the about mid-May through September, Rangoon receives most of
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. its average 2,700mm rainfall for the year. Temperatures are
Anchorage.—Deep-draft vessels, awaiting a pilot or anchor-
8.12 moderately warm, 24° to 32°C, but the humidity is very high.
ing for other reasons, should anchor SE of Lanthaya Light Float. After a brief period of warm, humid weather following the
8.13

In good weather, sea and swell permitting, medium-draft vessels monsoon, the cool season begins about mid-November. From
may anchor about 2 miles E of Lanthaya Light Float (Fairway this time until March, the weather is pleasantly cool, 18 to
Light Float) (16°13'N., 96°17'E.) 29°C, and dry with low humidity. Days are sunny with the
Deep-draft vessels drawing over 7.3m may not anchor at the
8.12 nights being cool and the weather is clear.
pilot station. A message from the pilot vessel will advise of a Beginning in March the temperature and humidity com-
8.13

safe anchorage and also when to return to embark the pilot. mence to rise uncomfortably and the dry land bakes in the hot
Directions.—A vessel approaching the Rangoon River from
8.12 season until the first of the monsoon rains bring relief. During
the W should pass about 5 miles S of Alguada Reef and then this season the temperature may rise to 41°C, although the av-
steer to pass about 26 miles S of Baragua Point. Course may erage would be about 35°C.
then be altered to the NE to make for a position 8 miles S of Tides—Currents.—Tides at Rangoon are semidiurnal. The
8.13

Rangoon Pilot Station, passing approximately 2 miles SE of Rangoon River tides are subject to a large diurnal inequality;
Sanda Light Vessel. Once S of the pilot station, course should the times of HW and LW may occur as much as 1 hour before
be altered N for the pilot vessel and then NNE to pass E of or after the computed times. The rise and fall of the tide at the
Lanthaya Light Float (Fairway Light Float) and into the river port as well as near the entrance of the river is considerable.
entrance. Several tide gauges stand on the banks of the river between
8.13

During February and March, when thick fogs are liable to

8.12 its entrance and the anchorage S of Hastings Sand.
occur, great caution is necessary when approaching the en- A tide gauge and a tidal semaphore stand in the harbor, about
8.13

trance of the Rangoon River, as there is not a sufficiently 0.3 mile W of Monkey Point.
marked change in the depths in the channel to enable a vessel The position of the three arms of the tidal semaphore, as ob-
8.13

to determine its position by sounding. served from S, indicate the height of the tide above LWS tide
Vessels approaching the Rangoon River from the E should keep
8.12 level, as follows:
in depths of 10.1 to 11m until the position has been ascertained. 1. Upper arm
Consideration must be given the tidal current, remembering that a. Inclined to the right at 45° angle—1.8m.
the flood or NE current sets very strongly toward and over the b. Placed horizontally to the right—3.7m.
shallows of the entrance of the Sittang River. c. Inclined to the right at 45° angle below horizon-
Caution.—Soundings are not an accurate guide in approach-
8.12 tal—5.5m.
ing the entrance of the Rangoon River. It is important to re- d. Inclined to the left at 45° angle—7.3m.
member that the shore of the Irrawaddy Delta is so low as to be 2. Center arm
invisible until within a few miles of it and that shallow banks a. Inclined to the right at 45° angle—1.8m.
extend in places to considerable distances offshore. During b. Placed horizontally to the right—3.7m.
February and March, when thick fogs are frequent, great cau- c. Inclined to the right at 45° angle below horizon-
tion is necessary when approaching the entrance. tal—5.5m.
Changes in depths in the river and approaches are so rapid
8.12 d. Inclined to the left at 45° angle—1.2m.
and frequent that charts of the area should not be taken as a e. Placed horizontally to the left—1.5m.
sure guide. 3. Lower arm
Dangerous wrecks lie approximately 4 miles S of Thuriya
8.12 a. Inclined to the right at 45° angle—0.09m.
Light Float and 11 miles ENE of the charted position of Sanda b. Placed horizontally to the right—0.18m.

Pub. 173
248 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

c. Inclined to the right at 45° angle below horizon- drafts, subject to change without notice, are forecast for each
tal—0.27m. month.
In the river, the current follows the course of the channel.
8.13 The description of the Rangoon River between its entrance
8.13

Along this course, during spring tides, there are strong eddies and the port of Rangoon is confined to the shoals and banks in
off the points of land; the tidal currents attain excessive veloci- mid-river. Navigational aids mark most of these dangers.
ties. Range lights lead up the river starting in Middle Bank Channel.
Close within the entrance of the river above Elephant Point,
8.13 Caution.—Soundings do not provide a reliable indication of
8.13

the channel is confined between Middle Bank and the W bank position in the approaches to Yangon River. Mariners should
of the river; here the flood current attains velocities of 5 to 6 not attempt to enter the Western Channel unless they are confi-
knots at springs. Above Middle Bank the velocity decreases. dent of their position. Due to silting, buoys and channels are
The tidal current attains its maximum velocity of 5 to 6 knots
8.13 subject to regular movement, particularly in Western Channel.
in the channels on the night of the second day after full or new The chart may not depict the latest location of the deepest
moon. The interval of slack water is only a few minutes. After channel. The port authority should be contacted for the latest
neap tides the tidal current gradually increases in velocity and information.
is rapid until the moon quarters, when the velocity suddenly
decreases. On the second and third day after the moon quarters, Middle Bank (16°30'N., 96°20'E.), a continuation of East-
8.13

there is slack water on the flood current for 1.5 hours and for 1 ern Sands to the NW, lies in mid-channel with its NW end
hour on the ebb. about 4.5 miles NW of Elephant Point. The whole bank dries
At springs, the flood current sets in abruptly and the tide ris-
8.13 from 0.3 to 2.7m. The SE end of this bank is marked by a light-
es 1.8m in the first hour. During this period the ebb current ed buoy.
continues running in mid-channel; slack water occurs at the Hmawun Lumps (16°34'N., 96°15'E.), which barely dry, lie
8.13

end of this hour. The flood current turns earlier inshore than in on the E side of the main channel about 2 miles NW of the NW
mid-channel. extremity of Middle Bank.
The effect of the rains which augment the river during the
8.13 An obstruction, with a depth of 3.7m, lies NNW of the N end
8.13

rainy season, June to September inclusive, is to weaken the of Hmawun Lumps and is best seen on the chart.
flood current and strengthen the ebb. At times the flood current D’Silva Shoal (16°38'N., 96°15'E.), with a least depth of
8.13

is weakened to the extent that vessels moored in Rangoon Har- 0.3m, lies on the NE part of a narrow bank with depths of less
bor do not swing to it. than 5.5m, which parallels the W bank of the river. The S end
During spring tides, at times other than the rainy season, tid-
8.13 of this bank lies 2.5 miles NNW of Hmawun Lumps and the N
al currents in the harbor may attain velocities of 5 to 6 knots. end closes the shore about 3.3 miles to the N.
The flood current commences about 0.5 hour after time of LW A line drawn between Sinha’s Beacon, on the shore abreast
8.13

and the ebb about 1.3 hours after time of HW. of the N end of the above bank and North Beacon on the oppo-
Tidal bores, about 0.9m high, sweep up the Pegu River in the
8.13 site shore, marks the S limit of Rangoon Harbor.
sudden rising of the early flood, especially in February, March, An obstruction, with a depth of 7m, lies about 1 mile E of
8.13

and April. Sinha’s Beacon. A wreck, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies 0.3
Depths—Limitations.—The port of Rangoon is accessible to
8.13 mile ESE of the obstruction.
ocean-going vessels drawing 9.1m, subject to tide and monsoon Chokey Shoal (16°41'N., 96°14'E.), with depths of less than
8.13

conditions. A draft of 8.5 to 9.1m can be taken over the bar at 5.5m, lies in the middle of the river with its S end about 1.5
Monkey Point during spring tides, however; in early 1967, be- miles NNW of Sinha’s Beacon.
cause of heavy silting, the maximum draft that could be taken Chokey Track, which leads between Chokey Shoal and the E
8.13

over the outer bar was reduced to 7.9m. The bend in the channel bank of the river, is subject to sudden shoaling and may have
at Monkey Point imposes a maximum length limitation of depths of less than 3.7m between August and March.
182.9m to vessels which can be safely taken through the channel Hastings Sand (16°44'N., 96°13'E.), a drying bank about 1
8.13

in this vicinity. There is no beam restriction. Vessels over 183m mile long, lies on the W side of the main fairway about 5.5
in length are usually moored off Hastings Sand. miles NNW of Sinha’s Beacon.
Night navigation on the river is practicable up to within the
8.13 Kings Bank Sand (16°44'N., 96°12'E.), a similar drying
8.13

harbor limit, S of Hastings Sand. bank, lies about 0.5 mile SW of Hastings Sand.
Bars in the river, caused in part by excessive silting, cause
8.13 The Pegu River (16°46'N., 96°13'E.) flows into the Ran-
8.13

fluctuations in the depths. Usually the controlling river depths goon River between Syriam Point and Pegu Point. The Pegu
over the bars range between 7.3 and 9.4m at HW, but vary de- River is navigable by light-draft vessels only.
pending on the tides which have considerable variance Monkey Point (16°46'N., 96°12'E.), the SW entrance point
8.13

throughout the year. The maximum depths occur toward the of Pazundaung Creek, lies at the E end of the city of Rangoon
end of the monsoon season, August to November. The mini- about 0.5 mile SW of Pegu Point. The port of Rangoon compris-
mum depths occur prior to the monsoon season, February to es a 3.5 mile-long section of the Rangoon River W of Monkey
May. Point. A beacon stands on Mower’s Point, on the S bank of the
The positions of the bars and banks, as well as the depths
8.13 Rangoon River, about 3.3 miles W of Monkey Point.
over them, are constantly changing; the chart should not be ac- Twante Canal (16°46'N., 96°08'E.) is entered close W of
8.13

cepted as completely accurate and up-to-date. Mower’s Point; Kanaungto Creek is entered about 0.5 mile SW
Draft limitations are calculated according to the prevailing
8.13 of the entrance to Twante Canal. The NW limit of the Port of
depths over the bar at the entrance of the river. Provisional Rangoon is defined by beacons on both shores of the creek

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 249

about 3.5 miles NW of Mower’s Point. cipal port of the Union of Burma. It lies on the N bank of the
Rangoon River, between Monkey Point and Kanaungto Creek
Rangoon (Yangon) (16°46'N., 96°10'E) 3.8 miles to the W.

World Port Index No. 49650 Modern alongside berthing facilities are provided as well as
8.14

numerous mooring berths in the river abreast of the city.

8.14 Rangoon (Yangon) is the capital, chief city, and prin- The port of Rangoon is a first port of entry.
8.14

Rangoon (Yangon)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Draft Size
Ahlone International Port Terminal
No. 1 200m 10.0m 9.0m 20,000 dwt
Containers and general cargo. Continuous berthing
No. 2 200m 10.0m 9.0m 20,000 dwt
length of 600m.
No. 3 200m 10.0m 9.0m 20,000 dwt
Asia World Ahlone Terminal (AWPT)
No. 1 198m — 9.0m 15,000 dwt
No. 2 156m — 9.0m 15,000 dwt Containers. Continuous berthing length of 615m.
No. 3 260m — 9.0m 15,000 dwt
Bo Aung Gyaw Wharf
No. 1 137m 10.0m — 15,000 dwt
Containers and general cargo. Continuous berthing
No. 2 137m 10.0m — 15,000 dwt
length of 457m.
No. 3 183m 10.0m — 15,000 dwt
Hteedan Port Terminal (HPT)
No. 2 213m — 9.0m 15,000 dwt
Containers. Continuous berthing length of 426m.
No. 3 213m — 9.0m 15,000 dwt
Myanmar Industrial Port (MIP)
No. 1 155m 9.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt Containers.
No. 2 155m 9.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt Containers.
No. 3 200m 9.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt Containers.
No. 4 200m 9.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt Containers.
Myanmar Industrial Terminals Thilawa (MITT)
No. 1 200m 10.0m 9.0m 35,000 dwt
No. 2 200m 10.0m 9.0m 35,000 dwt
Containers, general cargo, dry bulk, and breakbulk.
No. 3 200m 10.0m 9.0m 35,000 dwt
Continuous berthing length of 1,000m.
No. 4 200m 10.0m 9.0m 35,000 dwt
No. 5 200m 10.0m 9.0m 35,000 dwt
Sule Pagoda Whaft (SPW)
No. 1 137m 10.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt
No. 2 137m 10.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt General cargo, dry bulk, and containers. Continuous
No. 3 137m 10.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt berthing length of 548m.
No. 4 137m 10.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt

Pub. 173
250 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Rangoon (Yangon)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Draft Size
No. 5 160m 10.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt
General cargo, dry bulk, and containers. Continuous
No. 6 160m 10.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt
berthing length of 478m.
No. 7 158m 10.0m 9.0m 15,000 dwt
APEX Terminal
Petroleum products. Berthing length 130m (includ-
Oil Berth 74m — — 10,000 dwt
ing dolphins).
Eco Friendly Fuel Terminal
LPG Jetty 23m — — — LPG. Berthing length of 123m including dolphins.
Green Asia Terminal
Petroleum products. Berthing length of 175m (in-
T Jetty 135m — 9.0m 20,000 dwt
cluding dolphins).
Hteedan Oil Terminal
Hteedan Oil
120m — 9.0m — Palm oil. Maximum loa of 118m.
Berth (HOB)
MPE
Chemicals, crude oil, and dirty products. Maximum
Lub Oil Jetty 62m — — 6,000 dwt
loa of 110m.
MPE No. 2 — — — 8,000 dwt Petroleum products. Maximum loa of 115m.
MPE No. 4 — — — — Petroleum products. Maximum loa of 120m.
Myat Myatta Mon Terminal (MMTM)
Petroleum products. Berthing length of 131m (in-
Oil Berth 85m — 9.0m 15,000 dwt
cluding dolphins).
Puma Energy Terminal
L Jetty 190m — 9.0m 20,000 dwt Petroleum products.

Depths—Limitations.—Wrecks and obstructions still exist

8.14 in the harbor are limited to daylight hours.
in the river abreast of the city of Rangoon, especially between Masters of vessels preparing to depart must apply for a pilot
8.14

positions 1.3 and 3.3 miles W of Monkey Point. at least 24 hours prior to the time of sailing. Immediately after
Between positions about 1 and 1.8 miles W of Monkey
8.14 a vessel has cleared its moorings or otherwise cast off, the
Point, depths in the river range from 6.4 to 9.1m. These depths outbound pilot takes over direction of the vessel.
exist abreast of the small wharves closest to Monkey Point, but No entering and leaving the river without a pilot is allowed
8.14

are subject to rapid change because of heavy silting. Farther W, due to a confined passage.
abreast of Brooking Street Wharf and Sule Pagoda Wharf, the Regulations.—Port officials board vessels off Monkey
8.14

depths range from 7.6 to 12.2m. Abreast Mower’s Point, the Point. Vessels with a draft of 8m or more must anchor about 8
depths range from 9.1 to 18.3m. Construction of an overhead miles S of the pilot station and await instructions from the pi-
bridge is in progress (2019), 3 miles W of Monkey Point, near lot.
Mower’s Point. The boarding pilot will hand the master a book of port rules
8.14

Berthing details can be found in the table titled Rangoon

8.14 and regulations. This book will cover in detail the majority of the
(Yangon)—Berth Information. vessel’s activities in the port of Rangoon, as well as items of gen-
Pilotage.—General pilotage information applicable to the
8.14 eral information. Fines are imposed for violation of many of the
approaches to the Rangoon River has been previously de- rules; a close study of them is obviously important.
scribed in paragraph 8.12. Reporting requirements for the vessel’s ETA are given in
8.14

Near the river bend abreast of Monkey Point, a harbormaster

8.14 paragraph 8.12.
and mooring crew take over direction of the inbound vessel from Signals.—Vessels intending to transit Monkey Point Chan-
8.14

the pilot. The vessel is berthed alongside a wharf, anchored, or nel during daylight should display the International Code Flag
moored to buoys at the discretion of the harbormaster. Unmoor- Signal BB when passing Dry Tree Point. If the intentions of the
ing is accomplished by a similar crew. Berthing operations with- vessel are changed, the signal should be lowered for the infor-

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 251

mation of outbound vessels. Anchorage.—Anchorages for cargo vessels, vessels carrying

8.14

Storm and weather signals are displayed from a flagstaff near

8.14 explosives, vessels carrying dangerous petroleum products, and
the port commissioner’s offices; the Indian Extended System is quarantine anchorages are described in the port rules book.
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found Anchorage Area CCA lies S of Monkey Point and W of
8.14

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Kings Point.
Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” The lower quarantine anchorage, the same as that for vessels
8.14

Contact Information.—See the table titled Yangon (Ran-

8.14 carrying dangerous petroleum products, lies in the E side of the
goon)—Contact Information. river NNW of Chokey Point and N to Hastings Sand. This an-
chorage is used by vessels awaiting favorable tide conditions to
Yangon (Rangoon)—Contact Information cross the bar at Monkey Point; vessels also use the anchorage
for topping-off purposes.
Port Authority Caution.—It was reported buoys indicating the safe and nav-
8.14

VHF VHF channels 10, 12, 14, and 16 igable channel were missing and that charted approaches to
rangoon river are unreliable. Submarine pipelines are laid
95-1-387-116
Telephone across the mouth of the Pegu River and close within the mouth
95-1-387-117 of Pazundaung Creek; anchorage is prohibited in these areas:
1. NEA Area 3 in position 16°38'41.4''N, 96°15'31.8''E.
E-mail website.mpa2016@[Link]
2. NEA Area 2 in position 16°39'04.2''N, 96°15'15.0''E
[Link] 3. NEA Area 1 in position 16°39'31.2''N, 96°14'49.2''E.
Web site 4. Explosives in position 16°41'12.0''N, 96°13'30.0''E.
[Link]
5. Petroleum in position 16°42'37.2''N, 96°13'15.0''E.
Myanmar Industrial Port 6. Cargo boat in position 16°45'27.6''N, 96°11'22.8''E.
95-1-229-880 7. CCA in position 16°45'33.0''N, 96°10'54.0''E.
8. RTA in position 16°45'43.8''N, 96°10'27.6''E.
95-1-224-539 9. Unrestricted in position 16°46'06.0''N, 96°09'03.6''E.
Telephone 95-1-221-416 10. Ahlone Reach in position 16°47'13.8''N,
96°06'56.4''E.
95-1-227-091 11. West Bagayar in position 16°47'45.0''N,
95-1-211-361 96°07'00.0''E.
Two submarine cables border the limit of the harbor in the
8.14

95-1-221-418
Pegu River.
Facsimile 95-1-221-204 Dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie SE of the pilot
8.14

95-1- 221-286 boarding station.

Sounding does not provide a reliable indication of position in
8.14

E-mail mip@[Link] the approaches to Yangon River. Mariners should not attempt
Web site [Link] to enter the Western Channel unless they are confident of their
position.
Myanmar Integrated Port, Thilawa Due to silting, buoys and channels are subject to regular
8.14

95-1-701-970 movement. The port authority should be contacted for the most
Telephone up-to-date information.
95-1-701-970
Web site [Link] The Irrawaddy River
Myanmar International Terminals, Thilawa 8.15 The navigable length of the Irrawaddy River and its
95-9-861-3909 branches totals about 800 miles from the sea to Bhamo. Inten-
sive traffic is carried on by native craft and by river craft of
Telephone 95-9-861-3929 varying draft belonging principally to the Inland Waterways
95-9-861-3949 Transport Board. This traffic is facilitated by the rise of the riv-
er due to seasonal heavy rains.
95-9-861-7168
Facsimile Ocean-going vessels, as a rule, proceed no farther than the
8.15

95-9-861-8364 ports of Bassein and Rangoon, where the industrial and mari-
E-mail mitt@[Link] time activities of the entire region converge.
Changes in the channels, the depths, and the velocity and di-
8.15

Web site [Link] rection of the current are so frequent and so marked that navi-
Pilots gation of the Irrawaddy River is always complicated. For
example, different routes between the same two river towns of-
Telephone 95-9-4422-60233 (mobile) ten exist; the route is selected only after considering the draft
E-mail mmpamyanmar@[Link] and length of the craft and the season of the year, dry or rainy.
Craft with drafts of 1.2m can reach Bhamo at all seasons;
8.15

Web site [Link] craft with drafts of 1.8m can reach Thayetmo. The passage was

Pub. 173
252 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

once accomplished in July by a vessel drawing 3.1m. at the head of the Gulf of Martaban and is fronted by shallow
Tides—Currents.—The tidal influence is observed as far as
8.15 dangerous depths. Only native craft can transit the river. Canals
Danubyu, about 70 miles from the coast. within the entrance lead through the inland waterway system.
The seasonal rise of the river begins in March and attains its
8.15 A dangerous bore sweeps up the Sittang River at spring tides
8.18

maximum height in September. At Prome, 318 miles above and is often followed by an equally dangerous choppy sea.
Rangoon, the mean high level is about 1m above the dry season The coast E of the entrance of the Sittang River and that part
8.18

level. The rise varies, but as a rule the rise below Prome is of the coast fronting the Gulf of Martaban SSE to the entrance
somewhat less and above Prome, it is somewhat more than the of the Moulmein River is low and alluvial. From the entrance
mean high level. of the Moulmein River SSE to abreast of Kaleguak Island, the
The average velocity of the river current is 3 knots in por-
8.15 remaining coast is low with a few scattered hills of less than
tions of the river above the limit of the tidal influence. At some 305m high.
points it is 5 to 6 knots; at Akauktaung (18°25'N., 95°11'E.), a In the vicinity of the entrance of the Ye River, the hills be-
8.18

velocity of 7.5 knots has been recorded in August. come more numerous and mountain ranges begin to parallel
Pilotage.—The frequent fluctuations of the river can be
8.15 the coast. South of the Ye River to Heinze Chaung, some con-
closely followed only by the local pilots, of which many are spicuous peaks rise from these ranges.
natives. Each pilot is qualified for a portion of the river about Southsoutheast of Heinze Chaung to the entrance of the Tav-
8.18

65 miles long. They are considered trustworthy. oy River, coastal ranges with prominent peaks continue to par-
allel the coast. Between Maungmagan Bay and Tavoy Point the
8.16 Mandalay (21°59'N., 96°08'E.), about 350 miles N of bold, rocky coast is broken by many small indentations.
Rangoon, is the headquarters of the division and district of Depths—Limitations.—Depths of 11 to 18.3m lie off the
8.18

Mandalay as well as the chief city of Upper Burma. Mandalay coast between the SW shore of Bilugyun Island and the N end
is connected to the railway and telegraph systems; river steam- of Kalegauk Island.
ers communicate regularly with the city. The following table Between Kalegauk Island and Tavoy Point, the 20m curve
8.18

gives the names of the more important cities and towns on the lies at distances of 11 miles to less than 1 mile offshore.
waterway and the distances, in miles, by river: From a position about 10 miles W of the entrance of the
8.18

Heinze Chaung, the 40m curve is charted in a very irregular

Rangoon to Thayetmyo 305 miles pattern to the W. Toward the Gulf of Martaban, depths of less
than 36.6m lie N of the curve.
Thayetmyo to Minhla 46 miles Between Heinze Chaung and Tavoy Point, the 40m curve lies
8.18

Minhla to Yenangyaung 40 miles at distances of about 7 to 24 miles offshore. All of the off-lying
islands and dangers between Bilugyun Island and Tavoy Point
Yenangyaung to Pagan 42 miles
lie inside the 40m curve.
Pagan to Myingyan 40 miles Depths and dangers which lie inside the 20m curve are de-
8.18

Myingyan to Mandalay 65 miles scribed in detail together with that part of the coast which they
front. Ross Sand is the only exception.
Mandalay to Kabwet 56 miles Headlam Patch (15°08'N., 97°38'E.), which has a least
8.18

Kabwet to Myadaung 70 miles depth of 11.9m, lies about 8.5 miles WSW of Pagoda Point and
is about 2.5 miles long and 1 mile wide.
Miles Myadaung to Modah 45 miles Shearme Sand (15°04'N., 97°35'E.), a long, narrow shoal
8.18

Modah to Bhamo 53 miles with a least depth of 11m, lies about 12.8 miles SW of Pagoda
Point.
Rangoon to Bhamo (total) 762 miles Ross Sand (14°55'N., 97°41'E.), a narrow shoal about 9
8.18

miles long, with depths of less than 11m, lies with its N end
The Gulf of Martaban about 5 miles W of Da That Island. The N part of the sand has
a least depth of 3m and is usually marked by discolored water
8.17 The Gulf of Martaban lies N of an imaginary line be- and tide rips. A narrow shoal, with depths of 11.9 to 18.3m,
tween Baragua Point and Kalegauk Island about 135 miles to lies about 2 miles W of Ross Sand.
the E. The gulf is relatively shallow within its limits, with the Sinclair Shoal (14°53'N., 97°21'E.), with two detached
8.18

20m curve lying about even with the imaginary line between 9.1m patches, lies about 14.5 miles WNW of the S end of Ross
Baragua Point and Kalegauk Island. Depths N of this curve de- Sand.
crease gradually N toward the shore and the mouth of the Sit-
tang River. The Moscos Islands
The coast ENE of the entrance of the Rangoon River to the
8.17

mouth of the Sittang River is low and fronted by an extensive 8.19 The Moscos Islands (14°10'N., 97°48'E.) comprise
shallow mud and sand bank. This area is very dangerous to three groups of uninhabited islands known as the Heinze Is-
shipping. lands (North Moscos), the Maungmagan Islands (Middle Mos-
cos), and the Launglon Bok Islands (South Moscos). The
The Sittang River to the Tavoy River groups lie parallel to the coast for a distance of 42 miles with
North Island, the N island, lying about 14 miles SSW of Kand-
8.18 The Sittang River Entrance (16°50'N., 96°55'E.) lies aung Promontory. The group lies within the 40m curve and are

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 253

generally steep-to on their W sides. mainland. This latter river is not navigable.
North Island (14°28'N., 97°47'E.), 138m high, is the N is-
8.19 The entrance of the Moulmein River lies between Tounzoun
8.20

land of the Heinze Islands. Some rocks, 8.5m high, lie 0.5 mile Point and Amherst Point, about 9 miles to the S.
NNE of North Island. The port of Moulmein, about 26 miles N of the river’s en-
8.20

North Patch, which dries 2.4m, lies about 2 miles N of North

8.19 trance, lies opposite the NE extremity of Bilugyun Island.
Island. A dangerous wreck lies about 0.75 SW of North Patch. Depths—Limitations.—The river is generally navigable
8.20

East Ledge, which dries 4.6m, lies about 1.5 miles E of North from the gulf to Moulmein by vessels drawing 3.7 to 4.9m at
Island. HWN and 5.8 to 7.3m at HWS. The draft varies according to
Heinze Bok, 312m high and the largest of the Heinze Is-
8.19 the monsoon seasons. In 1960, vessels with drafts up to 7.6m
lands, lies about 2 miles S of North Island. Two islands and entered the port.
some above-water rocks lie in between. Reef Islet, 51.5m high, Vessels approaching the entrance of the Moulmein River
8.20

lies 1.5 miles E of the S end of Heinze Bok. A rock, with a from the W should pass 6 to 8 miles S of Sanda Light Vessel in
depth of less than 1.8m, lies close S of Reef Islet. depths of 25.6 to 29.3m and then steer to make Double Island.
Bok Ye-gan (14°16'N., 97°49'E.), 359m high and the furthest
8.19 This island should be passed a convenient distance to the W
S of the Heinze Islands, lies about 6.5 miles SSE of Heinze Bok. and kept bearing less than 153° until the lighthouse on Green
Two islets lie within 1 mile of the NE side of Bok Ye-gan and Island bears 048°, when the outer anchorage should be steered
four islets lie between Bok Ye-gan and Heinze Bok. for on that bearing.
The Maungmagan Islands comprise four densely-wooded is-
8.19 During March, when the land near the entrance of the
8.20

lands. Sabyat (14°12'N., 97°47'E.), 119m high and the north- Moulmein River is seldom seen from a greater distance than
ernmost island of the group, lies 3.8 miles SSW of Bok Ye-gan. 0.5 mile, a landfall must be made well S of the entrance and a
North Island, the largest of the group, lies 1 mile farther S. Pa- position off Double Island ascertained before shaping course
sut Kyun lies 0.5 mile SE of the middle of the SE side of North for the river entrance.
Island, and South Island lies 0.8 mile SE of the S extremity of In clear weather and often on a bright moonlit night, the high
8.20

North Island. mountains on the mainland E of Double Island may be sighted

Kyank Butaung and Nghettaik Taung lie 3 miles E of North
8.19 before the lighthouse or the light on Double Island.
Island. In thick weather and during the Southwest Monsoon, the
8.20

Maungmagan Passage (14°00'N., 97°50'E.), a deep clear

8.19 land a little S of Kalegauk Island should be made if the position
channel with depths of 25.6 to 42.1m, lie between the Maung- of the vessel is doubtful. In bad weather, particularly at or near
magan Islands and the Launglon Bok Islands. spring tides, vessels should not proceed to the anchorage off
North Island, Hngetthaik Kyun, and South Island are the
8.19 Amherst, but should pass inside of Kalegauk Island and anchor
principal islands of the Launglon Bok Islands. All lie close to- in Bentinck Sound.
gether in a N and S direction. Atema Kyun lies close off the E When proceeding from Rangoon to the entrance of the
8.20

side of North Island; Kama Kyun lies close off the E side of Moulmein River in fine and clear weather, the lofty peak of the
South Island. All islands of the group are densely wooded. Zingyaik Range and the high land of Bilugyun Island and of
Kyaukpyu Kyun (13°46'N., 97°55'E.), a jungle-covered
8.19 Sin Taung may all be identified. In thick weather, especially
rocky islet 49m high, lies 1 mile SE of the S extremity of South during February, March, and April, it is advisable to make the
Island. land between Button Island and Setse Yele Paya.
South Ledge, which dries 4.6m, lies about 0.8 mile S of the S
8.19 Vessels frequently run aground on Bilugyun Sands in fog as
8.20

extremity of South Island. a result of being too far N of the landfalls mentioned for ap-
During bad weather, it is recommended that anchorage be
8.19 proaches in thick weather. Soundings do not give warnings of
taken E of Maungmagan Island, in depths of 16.5 to 21.9m, be- the near approach to the banks, rocks, and shoals which border
tween Nghettaik Taung and South Island and, in depths of 16.5 the E shore of the Gulf of Martaban.
to 18.3m, E of Sabyat Kyun. When proceeding from Rangoon to Moulmein, great care
8.20

Anchorage can be taken E of North Island of the Launglon

8.19 should be exercised to allow for the strong tidal currents.
Bok Group, in depths of 21.9 to 25.6m, with Atema Kyun bear- For a distance of about 10 miles S of Dolphin’s Nose, vessels
8.20

ing 350°. should not approach within 7 miles of the coast. The depths are
Moscos Channel (14°30'N., 97°51'E.) lies between the three
8.19 less than 9.1m. Farther S, a closer approach to the coast may be
groups of the Moscos Islands and the coast to the E. Depths in made abreast Luce Hill and Sieve Hill.
the fairway range from 18.3 to 36.6m, except at its N end E of Vessels transiting Moscos Channel during the day should
8.20

North Ledge and North Patch, where the depths are less than pass E of North Ledge. At the S entrance of the channel, ves-
18.3m. sels should not pass between Kyaukpyu Kyun and South
Ledge.
The Moulmein River Tides—Currents.—Between the entrance of the Rangoon
8.20

River and the Moulmein River, the flood current sets toward and
8.20 The Moulmein River (16°09'N., 97°31'E.) has its into the Sittang River. On the Rangoon side of this area the set is
source about several hundred miles inland and discharges into NNE and N; on the Moulmein side the set is NNW. The general
the Gulf of Martaban between the S end of Bilugyun Island and direction of the flood current in other parts of the Gulf of Marta-
the mainland. The Martaban River branches off from the ban is NNE. It becomes more N as the E shore is approached;
Moulmein River abreast of the city of Moulmein and discharg- within a distance of 10 miles it parallels the shore. The ebb cur-
es into the gulf between the N end of Bilugyun Island and the rent in all parts of the gulf sets almost invariable in a direction

Pub. 173
254 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

opposite to that of the flood current. The velocities of the tidal Rainfall is heavy between May and September.
8.21

currents at springs increase from 2 to 3 knots in depths of over Storm and weather signals are displayed from the port office
8.21

36.6m to from 6 to 7 knots in position 16°15'N, 97°00'E. During flagstaff; the Indian General System is used. Further informa-
and immediately after the Southwest Monsoon, the duration and tion on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing
velocity of the ebb current are increased and those of the flood Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian
current are decreased. The duration of slack water at springs Ocean under “India—Signals.”
does not usually exceed 0.5 hour. Tides—Currents.—Tides at Amherst Point and Moulmein
8.21

In the approaches to the entrance of the Moulmein River the

8.20 are semidiurnal.
flood current sets N along the coast. The ebb current at first Tides in the river to the port of Moulmein are subject to large
8.21

sets WSW and then S. The velocity of the ebb current is con- diurnal inequalities and seasonal variations.
siderable as a result of the flow from the Sittang River and the Tide gauges stand in the following positions:
8.21

Moulmein River. 1. Near the landing about 0.5 mile ENE of Amherst
In the vicinity of Double Island, the flood current sets N and
8.20 Point.
the ebb S. The velocity at springs is 4.5 knots and neaps 2 2. On the E bank of the river, about 7 miles NNE of Am-
knots. The tidal currents turn about 0.5 hour later than at Am- herst Point.
herst Point. 3. Off the W side of New Kingyaung Island.
Tidal currents attain velocities of 3 knots at springs in the
8.20 4. On the W side of the river, off the point at Nathmaw.
channel between Hnetthalk Kyun and the mainland W of Tavoy 5. Off the E bank, about 0.5 mile SSW of Mupon Pago-
Point. da.
6. Off the port office at Moulmein.
8.21 The coast E of the entrance of the Sittang River is low These gauges are painted in red, black, and white bands
8.21

and backed by the Zingyaik Mountains, which roughly parallel which comprise a 1.8m section. To the top of the red band is
the coast about 9 miles inland N of Biligyun Island. Pagodas 1.8m, and to the top of the white band is 0.9m. Each band is
stand on the northernmost summits which have the greatest el- 0.3m high; the 0.6m black bands between the red and white
evation. bands have narrow white lines across the middle, marking two
As the mountains rise a considerable distance inland from
8.21 equal divisions of 0.3m each.
navigable waters, their value as navigable aids are greatly re- Each bar in the river has its own particular tide gauge, which
8.21

duced. However, on a clear day they are visible up to distances is moved as the bar shifts.
in excess of 50 miles. The zeros of the tide gauges are set to the level of Indian
8.21

Bilugyun Island (16°23'N., 97°31'E.), about 17 miles long

8.21 Spring LW.
and 8 miles wide, has a range of wooded hills on its N part A tidal semaphore, 24.4m high and painted red, stands on the
8.21

which attain elevations of over 180m. Several isolated lower W bank of the river at Nathmaw, about 1 mile WSW of the S
hills rise in the S part of the island. Steep-to shoals front the W end of Yele Kyun. It is visible from the S end of Ameila Cross-
side of the N part of the island as far as 4 to 5 miles offshore. ing, about 2 miles E of the S extremity of Hintha Kyun. Anoth-
Touzoun Point and an unnamed point about 0.8 mile to the E er semaphore, 15.2m high and painted white, stands at
are the S extremities of Bilugyun Island. Thetkaw on the W bank, about 2 miles above Nathmaw. It is
Under normal conditions, the length of a vessel entering the
8.21 visible from the S from abreast the N part of Hintha Kyun and
port is limited to 137.2m if a single-screw vessel and 144.8m if N from the berths off Mupon.
a twin-screw vessel. Reports indicate a vessel with a length of The system is the same as the one used in the Karnaphuli
8.21

152.4m may be taken to Moulmein under ideal conditions. River and registers the rise of the tide during daylight hours.
The navigable depth available is related to the power of the
8.21 In the offing abreast Amherst, the flood or N current com-
8.21

vessel. Because of strong cross-channel currents, the deepest mences about 0.5 hour after LW at Amherst Point; the ebb or S
channel is not always available to vessels not capable of a 10- current commences about 0.5 hour after HW. The velocity of
knot speed. the current is 3.8 knots at springs and 2 knots at neaps. The in-
Entrance into the river at night is not permitted. No vessel
8.21 terval of slack water is very short.
should attempt to enter the river without a pilot on board. Off the entrance of the Moulmein River the flood current sets
8.21

During the monsoon season, the maximum sailing draft from

8.21 towards Longstones Reef; when the outer banks are covered it
Moulmein, in May to September, ranges from 4.6 to 7.4m. sets strongly E or NE over the sands.
During the dry season, October to April, the draft ranges from Off Green Island during the dry season, the flood current
8.21

3.4 to 6.9m. commences at the time of LW at Amherst while the ebb current
Winds—Weather.—From July to September, the weather is
8.21 commences 1 hour after HW at Amherst.
stormy. In December, January, and February, the winds are During the dry season, the velocity of the river current is 3
8.21

light and the weather is fine. knots. In the rainy season the velocity is higher; during August,
The mornings and evenings of days in January are misty; to-
8.21 the rains raise the level of the river to 8.5m and a velocity of 7
wards the end of the month the weather becomes foggy. Fogs knots is attained.
become thick and frequent toward the end of February and At Anchoring Creek, on the E side of the river abreast the S
8.21

throughout March. During this interval, they last at times for 3 end of Hintha Kyun, the flood current commences 2.3 hours af-
or 4 days and obscure even the banks of the river. ter LW at Amherst; the ebb current commences 1.5 hours after
When the farmers burn waste paddy straw, dense smoke fur-
8.21 HW at Amherst.
ther reduces visibility. At Nathmaw, the flood current commences 3.2 hours after
8.21

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 255

LW at Amherst while the ebb current 1.7 hours after HW at not be attempted without local knowledge.
Amherst. Green Island (16°04'N., 97°33'E.), about 1 mile SSW of
8.22

Amherst Point, is surrounded by foul ground. An approach of

Moulmein—Tidal Information less than 0.5 mile to the island is dangerous.
The coast up to several miles S of Amherst Point is fringed
8.22

Duration of by foul ground which extends about 0.5 mile offshore in plac-
Time
Flood Ebb es. Shoal depths of less than 5.5m lie up to 1 mile offshore
along this section of coast.
October through January 4 hours 8 hours
When approaching the Moulmein River Entrance, care
8.22

February through May 5 hours 7 hours should be taken to avoid the fishing stakes about 5 miles WNW
June 3 hours 9 hours of Tounzoun Point.
Aspect.—Tounzoun Point (16°14'N., 97°32'E.), on the N
8.22

There is no flood side of the entrance, is the S extremity of a ridge about 0.5 mile
July through September current except at — long which slopes toward the point from a height of about
maximum spring 51.8m. Kwanhla Pagoda stands on a hill about 1.3 mile NE of
the point and is a good landmark. Two other pagodas stand on a
The durations of the flood and ebb tidal currents at Amherst
8.21 hill about 0.8 mile E of the Point.
are the same the year round.
Depths—Limitations.—Considerably less water than chart-
8.21 8.23 Amherst Point (16°05'N., 97°34'E.), on the S side of
ed is reported to exist in the approaches to the entrance of the the entrance, is fronted by a bluff with an old pagoda on it. A
Moulmein River. conspicuous pagoda stands on piles on a drying reef close
After every monsoon, marked changes are observed; alter-
8.21 NNW of Amherst Point. Another pagoda stands near a cliffy
ations in the arrangement of the channel and the river banks oc- point about 1 mile S of the point. Sin Taung, a 285m high hill,
cur and the bars are often found in new positions, with altered about 4.8 miles SE of the point, is conspicuous when viewed
depths over them. from the W. The village of Amherst stands just within Amherst
The entrance of the Moulmein River is greatly encumbered
8.21 Point.
by extensive sand banks and reefs. During the month of March the land near the Moulmein Riv-
8.23

Drying banks of mud and sand, with shoals with depths of

8.21 er Entrance is seldom visible more than 0.5 mile.
5.5m and less on the seaward side of them, lie within a distance The various channels and crossings between Bilugyun Chan-
8.23

of about 3.8 miles SSW of Tounzoun Point. Similarly, the nel and the port of Moulmein are subject to constant change
above dangers lie about 3 and 4 miles W and WNW, respec- and no detailed description will be made of them.
tively, of Tounzoun Point. When entering the Moulmein River, red conical buoys indi-
8.23

cate the E or starboard side of the channel and black can buoys
8.22 Bilugyun Sands (16°10'N., 97°32'E.), which dry in indicate the W or port side of the channel.
places, cover most of the middle of the entrance and are separat- The buoys are numbered consecutively from seaward; on
8.23

ed from the shoals S of Bilugyun Island by a channel. This pas- each buoy is painted the initial letter of the channel it marks.
sage is sometimes narrow and shallow and at other times wide The buoys are moved to conform to the channel which shifts
and deep. At such times it becomes the main channel leading in- with the seasons. After heavy freshets, the positions of the
to the river. The sands are steep-to on their seaward side and buoys may be unreliable.
soundings give no warning when approaching them. Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken outside the entrance
8.23

Goodwin Sands (16°07'N., 97°35'E.), which dry up to 3m,

8.22 of the Moulmein River, with Green Island Light bearing 090°,
lie on the S side of the river entrance E of Bilugyun Channel distant 2 miles. Shelter is provided against the strong spring
and N and NE of Amherst Point. ebb current during freshets. The depth in this position is about
Bilugyun Channel lies between Bilugyun Sands and Good-
8.22 18.3m, mud, with good holding ground.
win Sands. In 1966, there was a least depth of 6.4m in this There are several anchorages in the river, but vessels must
8.23

channel at MLWS. Channel depths to Moulmein have charted moor as they cannot lie at single anchor.
depths of as little as 3m. Anchorage can be taken by two vessels of not more than
8.23

Longstones Reef (16°06'N., 97°32'E.), which has its outer

8.22 137.2m in length, in a depth of 6.4m, at the N end of Long Is-
edge about 2 miles NW of Amherst Point, consists of drying land Channel E of the S end of Hintha Kyun.
and sunken rocks, with depths of less then 5.5m. Deep-draft vessels may moor off Natmaw, about 1 mile SW
8.23

An area of rocky shoals, with depths of 5.5m and less, lie

8.22 of the S end of Yele Kyun.
within 0.5 mile WSW and 0.8 mile S of the outer edge of Mupon Anchorage lies off Mupon Pagoda, about 1.3 miles N
8.23

Longstone Reef. A detached 8.2m patch lies 2.8 miles W of of the N end of Yele Kyun, with depths (1964) of 11 to 12.8m.
Amherst Point. There are mooring buoys, for the use of naval vessels, close in-
Devils Horn (16°05'N., 97°33'E.), a rock which dries up to
8.22 shore, about 0.5 mile N of Mupon Pagoda.
3.7m, lies between Longstone Reef and Amherst Point and Moulmein Anchorage lies abreast the town of Moulmein,
8.23

about 1 mile NW of the latter. Foul ground and shoal patches, about 2 miles N of Mupon Pagoda. There are three mooring
with depths of less than 5.5m, lie within 1 mile W to NW of buoys for vessels up to 152.4m in length and drawing up to 7m.
Amherst Point. There is also an anchorage berth for a vessel of up to 1,000 gt.
Except at slack water, the channels between the rocks should
8.22 Anchorage can also be taken abreast of the N part of
8.23

Pub. 173
256 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Moulmein, where there are three berths for vessels with drafts are subject to change because of silting.
of 6.1 to 7.6m; a mooring buoy is available at this anchorage. Mupon Reef lies close off the E bank of the river, almost 0.5
8.24

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for merchant vessels of

8.23 mile N of Mupon Pagoda. Patches of rock on this reef dry
over 200 gt displacement. about 0.6m at LW during the dry season, February and March.
The pilot station is situated on Amherst Point. If arranged for
8.23 Sirrocco Rock, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies on the E side
8.24

in advance, a pilot is available on display of the usual day sig- of the channel a little more than 1 mile N of Mupon Pagoda
nal or by a blue light at night. Entrance into the river at night and about 0.4 mile off the E bank.
has been discontinued. A rock, with a depth of 1.5m, lies on the E side of the chan-
8.24

Vessels should send their ETA, draft, and speed about 24

8.23 nel about midway between Mupon Reef and Sirrocco Rock,
hours before arrival to Port of Moulmein via Rangoon Radio. and about 0.8 mile N of Mupon Pagoda.
The pilot must travel to Amherst by launch or car. There is no Rocky, foul ground lies about 0.2 mile NE of Sirrocco Rock.
8.24

pilot vessel Fairway Rocks (16°28'N., 97°37'E.), with a least depth of

8.24

Pilots will board vessels in the vicinity of the outer anchor-

8.23 2.1m, lie in mid-channel about 0.3 mile NNW of Sirrocco
age, W of Green Island. It is advisable to arrive at the anchor- Rock. A rocky patch, with a depth of 4.9m, lies midway be-
age 2 hours before time of HW at Amherst and anchor while tween Sirrocco Rock and Fairway Rocks.
awaiting the pilot. Wales Rock (16°28'N., 97°37'E.), with a depth of 0.9m, lies
8.24

A pilot beacon, 1.8m high, which is a wooden mast with a

8.23 close off the E bank about 1.5 miles N of Mupon Pagoda. A
white corrugated-iron topmark, stands about 0.2 mile SW of 3.3m patch lies close NW of Wales Rock.
Water Pagoda. A light, for the use of the pilot only, is displayed Castle Rocks (16°28'N., 97°37'E.), with depths of less than
8.24

from the mast. 1.8m and rocks awash at their S end, lie about 0.5 mile N of
Signals.—A signal station is situated on Amherst Point;
8.23 Wales Rock.
flags of the International Code of Signals are displayed from a Town Rock (16°29'N., 97°37'E.), with a least depth of 1.8m,
8.24

mast. lies near mid-channel about 0.5 mile NW of Castle Rocks. A

Regulations.—There shall be no communication between
8.23 sunken rock, with depths of less than 1.8m in the vicinity, lies
any vessel, which is liable under Quarantine Regulations to close offshore about 0.5 mile NNE of Town Rock.
display the International Code of Signals Flag L, and the shore A reef lies close off the E bank, about 0.3 mile SW of Bat-
8.24

of any other boat or vessel, except to receive the pilot and his tery Point which lies at the N end of the city. Depths of less
servant and baggage, until permission is granted in writing by than 1.8m surround the reef and border the shore in the vicinity
the Health Officer. of Battery Point.
If there is a suspected case of plague on board or if more
8.23 The port has about 304.9m of principal wharfage, which
8.24

than two deaths from any cause have occurred during the voy- consists mostly of small pontoons and finger piers.
age, the pilot anchors the vessel in Halfway Anchorage to Tavoy Jetty, a pontoon wharf about 76.2m in length with a
8.24

await the Health Officer; in other cases vessels are anchored in depth of 4.9m alongside at LW, lies about 2.5 miles N of
the lower end of Mupon Reach. Mupon Pagoda.
Vessels which have, within a period of 2 months immediate-
8.23 Salween Wharf, a finger pier with a short outer face and a
8.24

ly preceding their arrival, started from or touched enroute at a depth of 3.4m alongside, lies close N of Tavoy Jetty.
port infected with yellow fever, or communicated, except oral- Moulmein Railway Jetty, about 0.3 mile N of Salween
8.24

ly without contact or by signal, with a vessel which is either in- Wharf, is used primarily by local ferries.
fected with yellow fever, or communicated, except orally Big Bazaar Jetty, 49m in length, is used only by river craft.
8.24

without contact or by signal, with a vessel which is either in- Numerous jetties line the shore between Mupon Pagoda and
8.24

fected with yellow fever or which has left a port infected with Battery Point, but are for the sole use of lighters and river craft.
yellow fever within that period, shall be allowed to anchor only Several small tugs and an ample supply of barges and light-
8.24

at the outer anchorage W of Green Island. ers are available to work cargo at the river mooring berths.
Martaban, a shallow port area used exclusively by river craft
8.24

Moulmein Harbor (16°29'N., 97°37'E.) and barges, stands on the W bank of the river about 2 miles N
of Battery Point.
World Port Index No. 49660 The N part of this section of coast between Amherst Point
8.24

and Bluff Point, about 21 miles SSE, is high, rocky, indented,

8.24 Moulmein Harbor comprises a 4-mile section of the and marked by occasional cliffs. The low S part of the coast is
river from Mupon Pagoda N to Battery Point. The width of the covered with dense jungle growth.
river within the limits of the harbor range from 0.2 to 0.5 mile. Setse Yele Paya (15°57'N., 97°36'E.), a small islet close to
8.24

Moulmein, Burma’s third-largest city and third-ranking port,

8.24 the coast about 8.25 miles SSE of Amherst Point, is marked by
lies on the E bank of river about 22 miles N of the entrance. a 21m high pagoda.
Ocean-going vessels capable of transiting the river load and
8.24 Button Island (16°00'N., 97°34'E.), 53m high and close off-
8.24

discharge cargo at the mooring buoy berths in the river abreast shore, lies about midway between Amherst Point and Setse Yele
of the city. Paya. Sin Taung, a high peak about 2.5 miles ENE of Button Is-
Moulmein is a first port of entry.
8.24 land, is a good mark from the W along this section of coast.
Depths—Limitations.—In 1966, the harbor depth in the
8.24 Bluff Point (15°46'N., 97°42'E.), which rises to a height of
8.24

middle of the fairway, other than the depths over Fairway 100m, lies 12.5 miles SSE of Setse Yele Paya. A pagoda stands
Rocks and Town Rock, ranged from 4.9 to 2.5m. These depths on a reef about 1.3 miles N of Bluff Point.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 257

Double Island (15°52'N., 97°35'E.), lies about 12.3 miles S

8.24 limits of this shoal.
of Amherst Point and about 6.5 miles offshore. The island lies Kalegauk Island (15°33'N., 97°40'E.), lies close S of and is
8.26

on the NW edge of a shoal, with depths of less than 11m, separated from Galloper Sand by a narrow clear passage. Port-
which is about 1.3 miles long and 0.3 mile wide. Less water land Point lies at the N end of Kalegauk Island and at the NW
than charted has been reported to exist in the vicinity of Double end of the passage mentioned above. Kalegauk Summit rises to
Island. Vessels when passing should give it a wide berth. a height of 159m in the N part of the island and is a good land-
Caution.—Should the light on Double Island appear to
8.24 fall for vessels bound for Moulmein during the Southwest
darken for short intervals, it signifies that the lighthouse keep- Monsoon. Kalegauk Island lies abreast of the S limit of the
ers require assistance. Notify the local authorities as soon as Gulf of Martaban.
possible. Cavendish Island (15°30'N., 97°40'E.), 97m high, lies close
8.26

S of Kalegauk Island.
South Shoal (15°28'N., 97°39'E.), about 2.8 miles long with
8.26

a least depth of 8.2m, lies close S of the shoal extending about

0.5 mile S from Cavendish Island. A narrow passage separates
the two shoals. An obstruction, with a least depth of 4m, was
reported to lie on the outer edge of the NE part of South Shoal.
Tides—Currents.—In the N entrance of Bentinck Sound,
8.26

the tidal currents attain a rate of 5 knots and set across the
channel. Inside the sound the rates are 2 to 3 knots. The flood
sets on the inner side of Galloper Sand and the ebb sets on the
outer or seaward side.
Depths—Limitations.—The fairway depths in the N en-
8.26

trance of Bentinck Sound range from 10 to 16.5m, which has a

8.24 Double Island Light least width of 0.3 mile. The S entrance has depths of 12.8 to
16.5m and a width of about 3 miles.
8.25 North Rocks (15°46'N., 97°39'E.) consist of two
groups of rocks, about 1.3 miles apart, which lie on a shoal 8.27 Middle Ground (15°38'N., 97°42'E.), a long narrow
about 3 miles WNW and a similar distance NW of Bluff Point. shoal with a least depth of 8.2m, lies in the middle of the N part
A rock in the S group is 6m high, but the N group dries up to of the sound with its S end about 1.8 miles W of Pagoda Point.
5.2m. The channel between North Rocks and the coast is un- Kalegauk Island is generally steep-to seaward of the 10m
8.27

safe and should not be attempted. curve which nowhere lies more than 0.5 mile offshore.
Pagoda Point (15°37'N., 97°44'E.), about 45m high, lies
8.25 The Peepers, two small rocks close together and low, lie
8.27

about 8.5 miles S of Bluff Point. Drying mud and sand flats ex- about 1 mile NNW of the S extremity of Kalegauk Island.
tend up to 1 mile offshore between these points. The best anchorage, sheltered from the Southwest Monsoon,
8.27

Evans Ridge, a range of coastal hills 91 to 128m high, extends

8.25 lies, in depths of 11 to 14.6m, about 0.5 mile E of the middle of
2 miles SE from a position 3.3 miles SSE of Bluff Point. the E side of Kalegauk Island.
Kakana Taung (15°41'N., 97°43'E.), a small islet 55m high,
8.25 Directions.—Deep-draft vessels without local knowledge
8.27

lies 4.5 miles S of Bluff Point. are advised not to use the N entrance leading into the sound.
Bentinck Point (15°29'N., 97°44'E.), a low projection, lies 8
8.25 Sufficient aids are not available to make good a course against
miles S of Pagoda Point. The coast between the points is front- the strong cross channel currents.
ed by shallows and drying flats which extend up to 1.5 miles When entering the N entrance pass midway between the N
8.27

offshore. A reef and sunken rocks extend about 1 mile NW end of Galloper Sand and the shallow LW fronting the coast N
from Bentinck Point. of Pulau Kropik by keeping the S end of Pulau Kropik in range
Phaungkala Taung (15°35'N., 97°50'E.), 393m high and
8.25 129° with Phaungkala Taung. When the N summit of Evans
conspicuous, is the highest summit of an isolated range which Ridge bears 078°, pass between Galloper Sand and Middle
rises about 6 miles ESE of Pagoda Point. Wara Taung, 440m Ground by steering 182°. Consideration should be given to the
high, lies about 8 miles ESE of Bentinck Point and is a useful set of the flood toward Galloper Sand and the ebb toward Mid-
mark for entering Bentinck Sound. dle Ground.
Kyaikhalaing Pagoda, 12m high, stands on a reef about 3
8.25 To enter Bentinck Sound by way of the S entrance, keep
8.27

miles N of Bentinck Point. Another pagoda stands on a reef Wara Taung bearing not more than 078° until the E side of
about 0.5 mile NW of the point. Kalegauk Island is open E of the E side of Cavendish Island,
bearing more than 002°. Course may then be shaped to the
Bentinck Sound NNE to pass 1 mile E of Cavendish Island, having regard for
the dangers S of that island.
8.26 Bentinck Sound (15°35'N., 97°42'E.) lies between Hope Point (15°21'N., 97°43'E.), about 8 miles S Bentinck
8.27

the coast to the E and Galloper Sand, Kalegauk Island, and Point, is rocky with a 110m high hill behind it. The bay be-
Cavendish Island to the W. tween the two points is covered with mud and sandy flats
Galloper Sand (15°38'N., 97°40'E.), as defined by the 2m
8.26 which dry in places and extend up to 1.3 miles offshore in plac-
curve, extends about 7.8 miles S from a position about 3.8 es.
miles SSW of Bluff Point. Several drying patches lie within the The coast for about 6.8 miles S of Hope Point is cliffy and
8.27

Pub. 173
258 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

backed by heavily-wooded hills. Palein, a peak 521m high, lies islands which lies off the entrance of the Ye River, lies about 2
about 4 miles SSE of Hope Point. Notched Peak, the highest of miles W of Pagoda Point. The N summit of two which lie on
five summits, is 334m high and lies 3 miles S of Palein Hill. the island rises to a height of 135m. This island lies in about
Kokunye Kyun (15°18'N., 97°43'E.), 140m high, lies about
8.27 the middle of a shoal about 2.3 miles long with depths of less
3.3 miles SSW of Hope Point. Shoal ground, with depths of than 5.5m. Depths of 9.1m and less lie within a narrow tongue
less than 5.5m and parts of which dry, extend S from a position which extends 4 miles NNW from the N end of Wa Kyun.
0.5 mile NW of Hope Point to Kokunge Kyun.
Toby Rock (15°16'N., 97°43'E.), which dries to a height of
8.27 8.29 Hngetpyaw Kyun (15°11'N., 97°43'E.), 46m high,
5.2m and is awash at HWS, lies about 2 miles S of the E end of small and wooded, lies almost 1 mile SW of Wa Kyun. Some
Kokunye Kyun. rocks, which dry about 5.5m and are awash at HWS, lie about
0.2 mile NW of the N point of the island. Depths of less than
The Ye River 9.1m lie up to 1 mile N of the island.
Nat Kyun (15°10'N., 97°44'E.), 135m high, lies 0.5 mile SE
8.29

8.28 The Ye River (15°11'N., 97°47'E.) enters the Bay of of Hngetpyaw Kyun. A drying ridge of hard sand extends
Bengal between Pagoda Point and the W extremity of Sidaw about 3.8 miles S from Nat Kyun. Depths of 9.1m and less lie
Taung. Sidaw Point, on the S side of the entrance, lies about from 0.5 to 0.8 mile off the W side of this ridge. The sea breaks
0.5 mile NE of the W extremity of Sidaw Taung. The town of heavily over the ridge. A drying bank, which breaks heavily,
Ye stands about 8 miles above the river entrance. lies close N of Nat Kyun. The channel, which lies between Nat
Three sets of range beacons lead from the river entrance to
8.28 Kyun and Hngetpyaw Kyun on the SW side and Wa Kyun on
within 1 mile S of Sonma Kyun. the NE side, has a least depth of 9.6m but is not recommended.
A beacon, consisting of a white globe in a tree, lies on a
8.28 Ghorparay Rock (15°10'N., 97°43'E.), which dries about
8.29

point on the W side of the river, almost 1 mile N of Sidan 0.9m, lies about 0.5 mile W of the S end of Nat Kyun.
Point. A prominent pagoda stands on the W bank about 1 mile Pascoe Shoal (15°10'N., 97°45'E.), with a least depth of
8.29

N of the beacon. 0.9m over its central part, lies centered about 1.3 miles E of
The navigable channel of the river lies S of Sonma Kyun, a
8.28 Nat Kyun. Depths over the remainder of this shoal are less than
large island about 2 miles above the entrance. The river from 5.5m. A detached 4.9m patch lies about 0.3 mile N of the N
its entrance to the town follows a winding course with many end of Pascoe Shoal.
abrupt bends. Only short vessels can negotiate them. Local Kyettaik Kyun (15°10'N., 97°45'E.), 24m high to the tops of
8.29

knowledge is required. the trees, lies about 1.3 miles SE of Nat Kyun. A narrow shoal,
Pagoda Point (15°12'N., 97°46'E.) lies on the N side of the
8.28 with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 0.3 mile SW from
entrance of the Ye River and should not be confused with Pa- the island.
goda Point on the E side of Bentinck Sound. From the NW, this
point appears as a hummock at the end of a level stretch of 8.30 Simpson Shoal (15°08'N., 97°45'E.), about 2 miles
beach. Rising steeply from the beach this 46m point is conspic- long and 0.3 mile wide with depths of less than 5.5m within its
uous. A pagoda stands on the point. limits, lies about 0.8 mile S of Kyettaik Kyun. The E extremity
Sidaw Taung (15°10'N., 97°48'E.), a bold headland 176m
8.28 of Nat Kyun in range 352° with the SW extremity of Wa Kyun
high, lies about 1.8 miles SE of Pagoda Point, on the S side of leads through the S part of the channel between Simpson Shoal
the entrance of the Ye River. This headland appears flat-topped and the drying ridge of sand which extends S from Nat Kyun.
when viewed from the W and NW and conical when viewed The channel E of Simpson Shoal and Pascoe Shoal is pre-
from the S. ferred. Kyettaik Kyun, bearing 351° and open W of the high
Damatha Taung, a 158m high headland, lies 9.5 miles S of Si-
8.28 land near the coast to the N, leads E of Simpson Shoal.
daw Taung. The coast between these two headlands is low, but Kyungyi (15°05'N., 97°44'E.), 2.5 miles long and marked by
8.30

the high ranges inland give it the appearance of being steep. four distinct, wooded hills, lies about 4.5 miles S of Nat Kyun.
There are no recommended passages between the islands and
8.28 The S hill is 163m high and the N hill is 76m high.
sands which extend S and parallel the coast for about 22 miles Shoal ground, with depths of less than 5.5m, lies up to about
8.30

from a position about 2 miles WNW of Pagoda Point and ter- 1.5 miles W of Kyungyi. A tongue of shoal ground, with a dry-
minate in Ross Sand. ing sand ridge on its N half, extends about 5.5 miles S from a
Soundings provide the best guide when passing seaward of
8.28 position about 1.5 miles W of the central part of Kyungyi. The
Livermore Shoal, as it lies just within the 20m curve. sea breaks over the drying sand ridge.
Pagoda Point, in line with the W slope of Sidaw Taung and a
8.28 Dathat Island (15°00'N., 97°46'E.), small in extent and 79m
8.30

dip in the distant high land bearing 129°, leads N of Livermore high, lies about 4 miles SSE of the S end of Kyungyi. Magyi
Shoal and the shoal N of Wa Kyun. Island, 44m high, lies about 3.3 miles SSE of Dathat Island.
Tides—Currents.—The flood tidal current in the vicinity of
8.28 Several small islets lie close S of Magyi Island.
8.30

the entrance of the Ye River sets N along the coast at a rate of Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in the channel be-
8.30

about 3 knots at springs. The ebb sets S at the same rate. At tween Kyungyi and the coast, in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, with
springs, the water outside the islands is discolored. the N end of Kyungyi bearing 328°, almost 1 mile distant.
Depths—Limitations.—Livermore Shoal, a 2.5 miles long
8.28 Anchorage can be taken in the channel E of Wa Kyun, in a
8.30

ridge of hard sand with depths of 3.7 to 9.1m, lies with its least depth of 11.9m, mud, with the N extremity of the island bear-
depth about 5.5 miles W of Pagoda Point. ing 299° and the S extremity bearing 215°.
Wa Kyun (15°12'N., 97°44'E.), the N island of the chain of
8.28 Anchorage can be taken E of Pascoe Shoal, in depths of 9.1
8.30

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 259

to 11m, with the E extremity of Kokunye Kyun in line bearing tween the sands, there are a number of shoal patches which
339° with the W extremity of the mainland, located about 3.8 may reduce the depth in the channel to about 2.7m or less in
miles SSE of the E extremity of Kokunge, and Kyettaik Kyun spots. These patches are steep-to and marked by tide rips
bearing 212°. during maximum flood or ebb. Vessels with drafts to 7.6m can
Directions.—If approaching from the N, steer to pass 1.5
8.30 enter Heinze Chaung at HW springs and those with a draft of
miles W of Kokunye Kyun after sighting Kalegauk Island. 5.5m at HWN.
When Wa Kyun is sighted, steer 147° for the N summit of the Dolphin’s Nose (14°43'N., 97°52'E.), the N entrance point
8.32

island. When Pagoda Point bears 129° and is in range with the of the estuary, rises to an elevation of 304.8m. Other hills on
W slope of Sidaw Taung and with a dip in the distant high land, the same side of the estuary rise to heights of up to 451m.
steer for the point. This course leads about 0.2 mile N of the Kandaung Promontory (14°40'N., 97°53'E.), an isolated
8.32

shoal which lies N of Wa Kyun. When the E extremity of Nat hill 28m high, is the S entrance point of the estuary.
Kyun is open E of the E side of Wa Kyun and bears about 190°, The shores of the estuary, with the exception of a few rocky
8.32

change course SSE for the anchorage E of Wa Kyun. points and some creeks, are fringed by mangroves. Kwe-
To arrive at the anchorage E of Pascoe Shoal, maintain the
8.30 thongyima, a jungle-covered low peninsula, lies between the
129° course for Pagoda Point until the E end of Kokunye Kyun mouths of the two creeks which flow into the estuary from the
is in line bearing 339° with the W extremity of the mainland, N. Fish Trap Point, on the S side of the estuary, lies S of and
located about 3.8 miles SSE of the E end of Kokunye Kyun. nearly opposite Kwethongyima. East Point, on the S side of the
Then change course SSE, keeping the range astern, and steer estuary at its narrowest part, lies about 3 miles NE of Kand-
for the anchorage. Note that the charted anchorage position is aung Promontory.
about 2.3 miles from the position where the stern range is Tides—Currents.—The currents in the approaches to
8.32

picked up. Heinze Chaung turn from 2.5 to 3.5 hours after HW and LW at
If approaching the entrance of the Ye River from the S, steer
8.30 Mergui. In the offing, the flood tidal current sets N parallel
000° for Kyungyi passing W of Magyi Island and E of Ross with the coast and the ebb current sets in the opposite direction.
Sand. When Dathat Island bears 045°, steer to pass midway be- At the entrance of the N channel, the currents also set parallel
tween Kyungyi and the mainland. Pagoda Point, in line bearing with the coast.
004° with a notched peak, 2.5 miles to the N of the point, leads Outside South Sands, the tidal currents set across the bar and
8.32

E of Simpson Shoal to a position off the entrance bar of the Ye through the S channel until the sands are covered, when they
River, E of Pascoe Shoal. set slightly across them at velocities estimated at 1.5 to 3 knots.
The entrance bar from the NW almost dries and can be
8.30 In the entrance of Heinze Chaung, the flood current com-
8.32

crossed by vessels only at HW. At springs, a vessel drawing 4m mences about 14 hours after LW at Mergui and has a velocity
might reach the town; at neaps, the maximum draft is less than of about 0.8 to 1.8 knots. The ebb current commences about
2.1m. 1.3 hours after HW at Mergui and has a velocity of 1 to 3
knots. Inside the entrance, the flood current commences about
8.31 Ye (15°15'N., 97°51'E.) (World Port Index No. 0.8 hour after LW at Mergui and the ebb current commences at
49670), a small river port, lies on high ground on the N bank of about the same time that it does in the entrance.
the river. The pagodas in the town can be seen for a consider- The observations upon which these statements are based
8.32

able distance and are good landmarks. were made during the dry season. During the rainy season, the
A wooden pier abreast of the town is available only to small
8.31 ebb current will be considerably stronger, perhaps even to the
vessels. point of overcoming the flood current.
The coast between Damatha Taung and White Point, about 9
8.31 Depths—Limitations.—Vessels drawing up to 7.6m can en-
8.32

miles to the S, rises to high land several miles inland, but closes ter Heinze Chaung at HWS and vessels drawing up to 5.5m can
the coast in the vicinity of White Point. enter at HWN. Local knowledge is required.
Pawdi Taung (14°57'N., 97°52'E.) rises to an elevation of
8.31 No attempt should be made to cross the entrance bar unless
8.32

789m about 7 miles NE of White Point. Kinbun Taung, 774m the channel has first been thoroughly examined and buoyed to
high, lies 1.5 miles N of Pawdi Taung. Several other peaks in mark it.
the vicinity make these two peaks difficult to identify. North Sands (14°41'N., 97°50'E.), with general depths of
8.32

The coast between White Point and the Dolphin’s Nose,

8.31 3.7m and which dry in places, extend about 4.8 miles SSW
about 11 miles SSE, is bold and rocky. A mountain range, with from the coast between Dolphin’s Nose and a position on the
elevations of 305 to 634m, rises close inland along this stretch coast about 2 miles WNW.
of coast. Position Rock (14°42'N., 97°52'E.), which dries 4.3m and is
8.32

awash at HWS, lies near the inner edge of North Sands about
Heinze Chaung 0.5 mile SE of the Dolphin’s Nose.
South Sands (14°39'N., 97°52'E.), with general depths of
8.32

8.32 Heinze Chaung (14°43'N., 97°54'E.) is an estuary less than 3.7m and which dry in places, extend about 3.5 miles
formed by the confluence of three large creeks which flow into SSW from Kandaung Promontory.
the sea between high hills. The funnel-shaped estuary is about The entrance bar lies between the outer part of North Sands
8.32

4 miles long and 0.8 mile wide at its narrowest part. and South Sands. The depths are fairly uniform on the outer
The entrance to Heinze Chaung is encumbered by a bar
8.32 part of the bar, but on the inner side of the bar the depths are
which lies between South Sands and the outer part of North shoal in places.
Sands. The outer part of the bar is fairly level, but farther in be- Shoal patches on the bar separate the entrance into N and S
8.32

Pub. 173
260 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

channels. In the past these channels had a least depth of 4m. The coast between Pazin Kyun and Tavoy Point, about 17
8.33

The S channel passes close along the edge of South Sands

8.32 miles SSE, is bold and rocky.
and of the two channels it has less LW to be crossed. Shoals Several mountain ranges, which are lower than those to the
8.33

along the channel are steep-to and are usually marked by tide N, attain elevations of well over 305m along the S part of this
rips. section of coast.
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken outside the entrance
8.32

W of North Sands, with the Dolphin’s Nose bearing between 8.34 Nyawbyin Bay (13°40'N., 98°08'E.), the largest of
080° and 102°, distant 3 miles. The depth in this position is several bays which indent this coast, lies about midway be-
about 8.2m. tween Pazin Kyun and Tavoy Point. Nyawbyin Point marks the
Anchorage can be taken anywhere within the estuary after
8.32 S side of the entrance of the bay. A large fishing village lies
passing Kandaung Promontory, but the depths are more conve- close E of this latter point.
nient and the currents are weaker on the S side. Kyanak Taung, about 3 miles S of Nyawbyin Taung, rises to
8.34

Good anchorage can be taken within the estuary, in a depth

8.32 a height of 390m.
of 12.8m, midway between Fish Trap Point and the S end of Myinkwa Aw (13°33'N., 98°09'E.), entered between Than
8.34

Kywethonyima Promontory. Maw and Tavoy Point, lies about 5 miles S of Nyawbyin
The estuary is usually closed during the Southwest Monsoon
8.32 Taung.
to all shipping. Hngetthaik Kyun (13°32'N., 98°08'E.), 159m high, lies
8.34

The coast between Heinze Chaung and Pazin Kyun, about 55

8.32 about 0.5 mile S of Than Maw. The island is steep-to on its W
miles SSE, is backed by mountain ranges and fronted by the side, but has depths of less than 9.1m extending from its E side.
Moscos Islands. A depth of 7.9m, rocky bottom, lies about 0.2 mile S of Than
Between Kandaung Promontory and the mouth of a creek,
8.32 Maw, otherwise the channel between Hngetthaik Kyun and the
about 16 miles SSE, the coast is fronted by depths of 9.1m and coast is deep and clear.
less which lie from 1.5 to 7 miles offshore.
Caution.—Local knowledge is absolutely essential for pas-
8.32
The Tavoy River and Approaches—Tavoy En-
sage; vessels should not attempt to cross the bar without thor- trance to Mergui Island
oughly examining and buoying the channel which it is intended
to take. During the Southwest Monsoon, the port is usually 8.35 The Tavoy River, which is about 120 miles long, has it
closed to shipping. main source in the W slopes of the range that separates Burma
from Thailand. Tavoy, a river port of some importance, lies on
8.33 North Ledge (14°31'N., 97°49'E.), a 0.9m high rock the left bank, about 39 miles N of Tavoy Point. The river tra-
with shoal depths extending about 0.5 mile NE from it, lies verses a broad plain about 3 miles above the town; sand banks
about 9.5 miles SSW of Kandaung Promontory. and alluvial islands, which are constantly changing in form and
Tapir Hill (14°36'N., 97°55'E.), a densely-wooded summit
8.33 position, impede the course of it. Many tidal creeks intersect
about 369m high, lies about 5.5 miles SSE of Kandaung Prom- the plain between the river and the foot of the hills on either
ontory. Middle Hill, 513m high and densely wooded, lies 24 side of it.
miles ESE of Tapir Hill. Yetagun Taung, 905m high, lies about The hills extend N and S in parallel ranges on the W side of
8.35

in the middle of another mountain range 7.5 miles SE of Mid- the estuary. Shinmaw Daung, 344.4m high, is located about 0.8
dle Hill. Paungchon Taung, 1,167m high, marks the S end of mile N of Tavoy Point on the small peninsula forming that
this range about 5.5 miles S of Yetagun Taung. This latter peak point. Kyaneik Taung, 390m high and densely wooded, lies
appears blunt when viewed from the W, but appears sharp about 3 miles NW of Shinmaw Daung. The hills, farther N,
when viewed from the S. gradually recede from the W bank of the river. At a position
Luce Hill, 706m high, and Sieve Hill, both densely wooded,
8.33 about 16.5 miles N of Tavoy Point, the crest of the range,
lie close together about 17 miles SSE of the entrance of Heinze which is about 610m high, is located about 2.5 miles from the
Chaung. False Peak, 445m high, lies about 2.8 miles S of Sieve W bank. Abreast Tavoy, the range again closely approaches the
Hill. Another densely-wooded hill, a high close to Fenton river bank.
Point, lies about 4.5 miles S of False Peak. A pagoda stands Low hills, with parallel ridges behind them, are found on the
8.35

close SE of Fenton Point. E side of the estuary. These ridges gradually rise to a height of
Maungmagan Bay (14°09'N., 98°04'E.) lies between Fen-
8.33 1,125m at Nanpayok Taung which is located about 19 miles E
ton Point and Pagoda Point, about 134 miles to the SSE. of Tavoy Point. Bok Taung, a steep summit, 670m high and
Taungbadaung, a peak with a height of 482m, lies on the S part conspicuous, is located about 9.5 miles northward of Bok
of a mountain ridge about 3.5 miles ENE of Pagoda Point. Taung and is similar in appearance to that hill.
An obstruction, with a least depth of 3.7m, lies about 5.8
8.33 At Elbow Point, located on the E bank of the river, about 9.5
8.35

miles NNW of Pagoda Point. miles W of Tetchaung Taung, the river narrows considerably.
A rock, awash, lies almost 1.5 miles N of the same point.
8.33 Between Elbow Point and Shive Taung, a hill 243m high, about
Letkat Taung (13°55'N., 98°06'E.), 600m high with a pago-
8.33 7 miles NNE, the hills approach the E bank and at Shive Taung
da on its summit, lies 10 miles S of Pagoda Point. are within about 1.5 miles of it. This distance is maintained as far
Pazin Kyun (13°48'N., 98°04'E.), 145m high, lies close off-
8.33 as Tavoy where they again recede from the banks and rise in suc-
shore about 17 miles S of Pagoda Point. The island appears as cessive ranges to Nwalabo Taung, 542m high and prominent,
part of the mainland when viewed from the W. The island has this peak is located about 14 miles ESE of Tavoy.
been reported to be a good radar target up to 23 miles. Between the mouth of the Tavoy River and Mergui Island,
8.35

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 261

the best landmarks are Shittaunggyi Taung and Round Hill. Pilotage is compulsory for off-loading tankers. Pilots will
The former, located 16 miles ESE of Tavoy Point, is 457m board about 3 miles N of the terminal.
high. The latter is 198m high and lies about 10 miles SSE of A prohibited zone 5 miles in diameter surrounds the termi-
Shittaunggyi Taung. nal. Vessels should not enter the prohibited zone without per-
The coast between Round Hill and Kalwin Point forms the E
8.35 mission.
side of the inner route to Mergui Harbor. Vessels should send their ETA 72 hours, 48 hours, 24 hours,
Mountain ranges with distinctive peaks back the coast for
8.35 12 hours, and 3 hours in advance.
about 40 miles SSE of the entrance of the Tavoy River. Chimun Vessels should contact the FSO on VHF channel 16 when
8.36

Taung, 1,616m high, is located about 20 miles ENE of Round within 3 hours sailing time of the terminal.
Hill and is the S peak of the highest range.
Yetagun Marine Terminal—Contact Information
A 119m hill, located close within Zotzit Point, the S extrem-
8.35

ity of Zotzit Island, about 10.5 miles SSE of Round Hill, serves Terminal
as a good mark. Seinnat Taung, 168m high and located about 6 Call sign Yetagun FSO (C6FF3)
miles SSE of Round Hill, is prominent. Durbar Peak, 661m
high, is located about 9 miles NE of the same hill. Flat Hill, VHF VHF channels 16 and 72
193m high, and Barn Hill, 317m high, serve as useful marks. 581-430898510 (Inmarsat)
They are located 7.5 and 14 miles, respectively, SE of Zotzit Is- Telex
land. 581-430898511 (Inmarsat)
Winds—Weather.—Tavoy receives weather information but
8.35
E-mail ytg_fso@[Link]
no signals are displayed. For additional information on winds
and weather, see paragraph 8.1. Contact Information.—See the table titled Yetagun Ma-
8.36

Tides—Currents.—The mean range at Tavoy is 3.2m; the

8.35

rine Terminal—Contact Information.

spring range is 4.7m. The tidal currents attain a rate of 3 to 4 A submarine pipeline runs NE to the Burmese coast, as seen
knots during the dry season and up to 7 knots during the rainy on the chart.
season. During the latter season, the ebb currents may run con-
tinuously. At Simbyubyin, springs rise 5.3m and neaps rise
3.7m.
The Tavoy River
Depths—Limitations.—The 40m curve lies about 11.5
8.35

8.37 The estuary of the Tavoy River is about 12 miles wide

miles W of Tavoy Point and up to 18.5 miles off the S end of between Tavoy Point and an unnamed point about 7 miles W of
Tavoy Island. A least depth of 10m is found in the fairway of Nanpayok Taung (13°35'N., 98°29'E.).
the Inner Route, between Tavoy River and Mergui Harbor. The The W bank extends in a general N direction for about 11
8.37

dangers off this coast, except for the outer islands of the Mer- miles above Tavoy Point. The S part of this coast is bordered
gui Archipelago, lie within the 40m curve and are described by several islands.
with their related coastal features.
Caution.—Depths in the vicinity of Tavoy Point and in
8.35

some of the river channels were reported to be less than chart-

The Tavoy River Entrance
ed. 8.38 The E bank extends in a general NW direction for
about 12.5 miles above the river entrance to Thamokmo, where
8.36 Yetagun Marine Terminal (13°04'N., 96°51'E.), an above the river width is about 3 miles. The land on the E side is
oil-production platform and an FSO, lies about 80 miles W of flat, open, and has many rice paddies. Several hills, with
Tavoy Island. heights of 76 to 305m, lie along this stretch of coast. The high-
er mountain ranges inland have been previously described in
paragraph 8.33. Three small rivers discharge into the Tavoy
River between Thamokmo and a point about 3 miles to the SE.
Above Thamokomo, both banks extend in a general N direc-
8.38

tion for about 21 miles to Tavoy. Thamokmo is densely-cov-

ered with mangroves. Between Thamokmo and the village of
Sinbyubyin, about 7.5 miles to the N, the E bank of the river is
marked by paddy fields and clumps of trees.
Depths—Limitations.—The main channel passes close E of
8.38

the islands off the S part of the W bank and then close off the
W bank. North of Kathema Kyun, the E side of the channel is
formed by a spit of sand and mud that extends about 5.5 miles
S from Pyingyi and divides the river into two channels. Depths
of less than 3.7m exist on the spit. The recommended channel
passes W of the spit and then W of the island.
Depths of not less than 7.3m are found in the fairway of the
8.38

entrance channel for a distance of about 10 miles above the en-

Yetagun Oil Platform
8.36 trance, except for charted depths of 6.4m and 6.1m, about 1.5

Pub. 173
262 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

miles NNE and 1.3 miles NE, respectively, of the N end of NE of Saitlaik Kyun. Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.8
Mibya Kyun. Depths of not less than 3.4m are found as far as to 12.2m, about 0.5 mile E or 0.8 mile NNE of Kathema Kyun.
Goodridge Plains, about 16.5 miles N of Tavoy Point. The river A mooring buoy, used by lighters, is anchored about 0.5 mile N
is shallow above Goodridge Plains and is navigable only by of the same island.
shallow-draft river craft. Light-draft vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in
8.40

Vessels up to 61m in length, with a draft of about 3.7m, can

8.38 5.8m, from 1.3 to 1.5 miles SSW of the S end of Pyingyi. Sim-
proceed to Simbyubin, about 14 miles below Tavoy, at HWN. ilar vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in 4m, off Go-
Caution.—Soundings in the Tavoy River between Mibya
8.38 odridge Plains with a waterfall bearing 270°, distant about 1.5
Kyun and Pyingyi-ashe differ from charted depths. miles.
Hngetthaik Kyun, which lies about 2 miles W of Tavoy
8.38 Directions.—A vessel may approach the Tavoy River in a
8.40

Point, has been previously described in paragraph 8.34. 345° direction, from a position 5.5 miles, bearing 121° from
Puklaji, a rock, awash at LW, lies about 2 miles NE of Tavoy
8.38 the pagoda on Tavoy Point, which leads towards the anchorag-
Point. es off Mibya Kyun, Satlaik Kyun, and Kathema Kyun. If pro-
ceeding to the anchorage about 0.8 mile NNE of Kathema
8.39 Mibya Kyun (13°36'N., 98°12'E.), 143m high, lies Kyun, from a position about 0.5 mile E of Mibya Kyun Light, a
about 4.3 miles NNE of Tavoy Point. Both sides of the island are course of about 350° should be steered, which leads to the an-
fairly steep-to. A shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m in its central chorage. If proceeding to the anchorages upriver, when N of
part, extends about 1 mile S from a position 0.2 mile SE from the the 4.3m patch about 0.8 mile N of Kathema Kyun, course
SE end of the island. A shoal, with a least depth of 3.6m, extends should be altered to the W to bring the NE point of Kathema
about 0.5 mile SSW from the S end of the island. Kyun in line bearing 173° astern with the W edge of Satlaik
Whale Rock (13°36'N., 98°13'E.), 0.9m high, lies about 0.3
8.39 Kyun. This stern range leads in the fairway to the anchorage
mile NE of the SE part of Mibya Kyun. SSW of the S end of Pyingyi, passing between Mahratta Rock
Thin-bon Kyun (13°38'N., 98°11'E.), 221m high and dense-
8.39 and the 3.7m shoal which lies about 0.3 mile E of it, but it leads
ly-wooded, lies about 0.8 mile NW of Mibya Kyun. Satlaik very close E of the 3.7m patch located about 0.8 mile N of
Kyun, a tree-covered islet, lies close E of the E extremity of Mahratta Rock.
Thin-bon Kyun. A narrow shoal, with a drying rock on its central
part, extends about 3 miles SSW from Satlaik Kyun. 8.41 Tavoy (14°04'N., 98°11'E.) (World Port Index No.
Kathema Kyun (13°40'N., 98°11'E.), 167m high and dense-
8.39 49680) lies on the E bank of the Tavoy River, about 35 miles
ly wooded, lies close offshore about 0.5 mile N of Thin-bon above the entrance. An extensive export trade is maintained
Kyun. A pagoda stands on a large boulder on the NE point of with Rangoon, Penang, and Thailand.
the island. A 4.3m patch lies about 0.8 mile N of the pagoda. There are a number of jetties, pontoon piers, and finger piers
8.41

Mahratta Rock (13°42'N., 98°11'E.), a pinnacle with a least

8.39 suitable only for small light-draft craft. Almost all of the ves-
depth of 2.1m, lies about 2.3 miles NNW of the pagoda on sels calling at the port are coastal craft and all but the smallest
Kathema Kyun. Two rocky patches, with depths of 3.7 and of these anchor near the mouth of the river and work cargo to
5.5m, lie close together about 0.3 mile E of Mahratta Rock. and from lighters. An ample number of small lighters, launch-
Two similar patches, with depths of 3.7 and 4.3m, lie close to- es, and native craft are available for this purpose.
gether about 0.7 mile N of Mahratta Rock.
Pyingyi (13°47'N., 98°12'E.), a long, narrow island, lies in
8.39
Mergui Harbor and Approaches—North End of
mid-channel, about 2.5 miles NNE of Mahratta Rock. A con- the Bentinck Route
spicuous high tree lies on the E side of the island, about 2 miles
from its N end. 8.42 Kantu Rocks (13°20'N., 98°24'E.), two small isolat-
ed rocks, lie about 5.5 miles WNW of Round Hill. The outer
8.40 Chaukdaw Rock (13°46'N., 98°11'E.), with a least rock lies about 4 miles offshore. A shoal extends about 0.5
depth of 3m, lies about 2.3 miles NW of the S end of Pyingyi. mile S from these rocks.
Many alluvial islands, which are connected by shoals, lie in
8.40 The W side of the channel leading to Mergui Harbor from
8.42

the river between Pyingyi and Tavoy. the N is formed by Tavoy Island and the islands to the S of it.
Nauwi Rocks, 1.2m high, lie about 10.8 miles ESE of Tavoy
8.40 The E side of the channel is formed by flats and banks fronting
Point. A rock, awash at LW, lies about 1 mile SSW of these the mainland from abreast of Round Hill to Mergui Island.
rocks and two detached rocks, awash at HW, lie about 1.5 Middle Passage and Iron Passage lead into the Inner Route
miles SSE of the same rocks. from the W.
An extensive shore bank, with depths of less than 5.5m,
8.40 The S approach to Mergui Harbor is made through an 18-
8.42

fronts this entire shore and extends up to 7 miles offshore to a mile long channel, the SW extremity of which connects with
position about 6.5 miles WNW of Nauwi Rocks. the Bentinck Route.
A detached 3.7m patch lies close off this shore bank, about
8.40 Mergui Harbor has some commercial importance. Other
8.42

4.8 miles ENE of Tavoy Point. ports and harbors are available which provide sheltered anchor-
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 7.3m,
8.40 age and which can be reached through deep channels.
about 1 mile N of Puklaji. Winds—Weather.—Mergui receives weather information
8.42

Deep-draft vessels can anchor, in depths of 9.1 to 10.4m,

8.40 but no signals are displayed. For additional information refer to
about 0.8 mile E of Mibya Kyun Light. Vessels with similar the winds and weather described in paragraph 8.1.
drafts can also anchor, in depths of 9.4 to 11.6m, about 0.5 mile Tides—Currents.—The tide may fall 0.3m lower than the
8.42

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 263

datum to which the soundings on the chart are reduced in the bearing until the old light structure off Kalwin Point can be
perigee spring tides of February and March. identified. At such time the light structure should be brought in
During the rising tide the tidal currents set S off the E coast
8.42 line bearing 130° with Pawdawmu Pagoda. This course of 130°
of Tavoy Island through Port Owen at rates of 1 to 2 knots at leads to the outer anchorage NW of Kalwin Point.
springs in the dry season, but may attain a strength of 4 knots The approach from the S is suitable only for light-draft ves-
8.42

during the rainy season. During the falling tide these currents sels with local knowledge.
set N at rates of 2 to 3 knots at springs during the dry season.
During the rainy season, the rates are weaker and at neaps, the North Approach to Mergui Harbor—West Side
set may be to the S.
The tidal currents set through the channel between the N part
8.42 8.43 Tavoy Island (13°13'N., 98°15'E.), narrow and moun-
of Tavoy Island and the extensive flat that extends W from the tainous, lies with its N end about 10.8 miles SW of Kantu
adjacent mainland at a rate of 1.5 knots at springs. The tidal Rocks. Its W side is steep and rises to an elevation of 687m
currents on the rising tide set towards this flat. about 7 miles S of its N end. Its E side is low and terminates in
Strong eddies, tide rips, overfalls and tidal currents occur in
8.42 Cornwall Point. A small white pagoda, not visible from the N,
Middle and Iron Passages, especially during the Southwest stands on the E side of the island about 2 miles N of its S end.
Monsoon. In both passages, the tidal currents appear to set E Port Owen (13°06'N., 98°19'E.) lies on the E side of Tavoy
8.43

on the rising and W on the falling tide. The tidal currents attain Island about 7.5 miles SSE of its N extremity. Edward Island,
a rate of more than 3 knots at springs in Iron Passage. William Island, Rich Island, and Campbell Island lie on the N
Between Pinbwa Island (12°17'N., 98°20'E.) and Christmas
8.42 side of the port and the peninsula terminating to the E in Corn-
Island, about 20 miles SW, in the SW approach to Mergui Har- wall Point forms its S side. North Button Island, Rat Island,
bor, the tidal currents set SE on the rising tide. In the vicinity of and Mouse Island lie within 0.5 mile N of the N end of the
Shrub Rocks (12°15'N., 98°21'E.), these currents set E on the above group of islands.
rising tide and are strong at springs. A few small villages lie in the vicinity of Port Owen. The
8.43

In Fell Passage, E of King Island, the tidal currents on the

8.42 principal village stands at the head of Fisher Bay on the S side
rising tide enter at both ends, meeting abreast of Yemyok. The of Port Owen.
tidal currents set NE in the narrows N of Payi Kyun from 6 Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in Port Owen, in
8.43

hours after to 1 hour before HW at Mergui at a rate of 1.25 depths of 12.8 to 23.8m, but the holding ground is not good.
knots at springs. The tidal currents in the S approach to Fell During the Southwest Monsoon, sudden squalls may sweep
Passage are described with the Bentinck Route in paragraph down from the mountains. There is a least depth of 11m in the
8.65. approach to the anchorage and depths of 5.5 to 9.1m in the S
Depths—Limitations.—There is a least depth of 10m over a
8.42 approach between Cambell Island and the N side of the penin-
width of 2.8 miles in the fairway of the navigable channel be- sula forming the S side of the port. An obstruction, with a least
tween the N part of Tavoy Island and the extensive flat which depth of 7.3m, lies about 0.8 mile SW of the SE end of Camp-
extends W from the adjacent mainland. Soundings give no bell Island.
warning of the approach to this flat. South Island (12°54'N., 98°19'E.), densely wooded and
8.43

Middle Passage and Iron Passage are deep and clear of dan-
8.42
153m high, is separated from the S end of Tavoy Island by a
gers. narrow unnavigable channel.
The approach channel to Mergui from the S is shallow. Ves-
8.42
South Rocks (12°50'N., 98°19'E.), a chain of rocky islets,
8.43

sels with a draft not exceeding 2.4m and having local knowl- extend about 2 miles SSE from a position 0.5 mile S of South
edge can use this channel at HW. Island.
The dangers off this coast, except for the outer islands of the
8.42
Kyun Taung Island, Cochin Island, and South Button Island
8.43

Mergui Archipelago, lie within the 40m curve. lie between 8 and 3 miles N of the S end of Tavoy Island.
Aspect.—Vessels approaching from the N and using the In-
8.42
Iron Island (12°45'N., 98°20'E.), 365m high in its S part,
8.43

ner Route should shape course to pass about 2 miles E of the N lies about 2.5 miles SSE of the S end of South Rocks. The W
extremity of Tavoy Island and then alter course to pass about side of the island is precipitous. Middle Passage separates Iron
the same distance off Cornwall Point, the E extremity of that Island from South Rocks; Iron Passage separates Iron Island
island. A direct track, which is free from dangers, then leads from Kadan Kyun to the S.
between Iron Island and Long Island. Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 22m,
8.43

Vessels approaching from the W should proceed through ei-

8.42
sand and mud, off the E side of Iron Island.
ther Middle Passage or Iron Passage. Care is necessary in both
passages because of the strong tidal currents and tide rips usu- 8.44 Kadan Kyun (12°40'N., 98°21'E.) is large and densely
ally encountered. wooded. Its NE side forms the W side of the inner route.
Iron Island, King Island, and Plantain Island appear as one
8.42 Lys Shoal (12°39'N., 98°25'E.), which consists of two rocky
8.44

lofty island to vessels approaching from the N. From a position patches, lies about 5 miles SE of the S end of Iron Island. The
about midway between Iron Island and Long Island, a vessel NW patch has a least depth of 3m and the SE patch a least
should steer 167° for the steep E extremity of Plantain Island. depth of 3.7m. The SW extremity of Iron Island bearing 308°
When Thita Kyun bears 113°, course should be altered to 150° and in line with the SW extremity of Little Canister Island
with the summit of Pataw Island ahead. When the NE end of leads close NE of Lys Shoal. The N entrance of Padaw Aw
Plantain comes in line bearing 312° with the summit of Little bearing 248° leads S of the shoal.
Cannister Island, it should be brought astern and kept on that Kadan Kyun Sound (12°37'N., 98°26'E.) is entered be-
8.44

Pub. 173
264 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

tween a point about 1 mile SW of Lys Shoal and the N end of Mergui Harbor—West Approach
Plantain Island, about 2.5 miles ESE. The latter island appears
to be a peninsula. A 406m high peak rises just within the N end 8.46 Islands west of the south end of Tavoy Island.—
of the island. Panella Island, low and small, lies 0.4 mile NW Pinnacle Rock (12°59'N., 98°14'E.), West Rock, and Mali Ka-
of the N end of Plantain Island. A shoal, with a depth of 8.7m, ing are a group of high steep-to black rocks lying about 3 miles
lies about 0.8 mile NE of Plantain Island. W of the S part of Tavoy Island.
Kadan Kyun Sound is almost entirely filled by shoals and
8.44 Paine Kyun (12°55'N., 98°11'E.), densely wooded and
8.46

drying flats except near its entrance. Anchorage can be taken, 370m high, lies about 6.5 miles W of the S end of Tavoy Is-
in a depth of 12.8m, with the W entrance point of the sound land. Sinthama Kyun, conical, densely wooded and 311m high,
bearing 341°, distant 0.5 mile. Caution is necessary because lies about 5.5 miles SSE of Paine Kyun.
this anchorage lies only about 0.2 mile from the edge of a 3.7m The Birds Nest Islands (12°53'N., 98°15'E.), a group of
8.46

shoal. three gray rocky islets, lie about 3.3 miles WSW of the S end
of Tavoy Island. Mali Don, the largest of the group, rises to an
North Approach to Mergui Harbor—East Side elevation of 103m.
The channels between these island groups are clear of all
8.46

8.45 The coast between Round Hill and Zatzit Point, about known dangers.
10.5 miles SSE, is fronted by extensive sand and mud flats.
Shoal ground, as defined by the 9.1m curve, extends up to 9.5 8.47 Outer islands.—Kabosa Island (12°48'N.,
miles offshore. Zatzit Flat, which dries in places, extends 7 97°51'E.), the N outer island of the Mergui Archipelago, lies
miles W from Zatzit Point. about 26 miles W of the N end of Iron Island. The densely-
Kyunhla Taung (13°02'N., 98°28'E.), a conical island 165m
8.45 wooded island has four summits arranged in the form of a
high, lies about 6.8 miles SW of Zatzit Point. square. The two S summits rise to elevations of about 396m. A
Kumla Patch (12°58'N., 98°28'E.), with a least depth of
8.45 rock lies about 183m off the SW end of the island.
4.9m, lies about 3.8 miles SSW of Kyunhla Taung. West Canister Islet (12°41'N., 97°43'E.), 144m high, steep,
8.47

Anyinpo Island, 142m high, lies about 11 miles S of Zatzit

8.45 and covered with jungle growth, lies about 8.3 miles SW of
Point and Anyinma Island, 107m high, lies about 1.5 miles far- Kabosa Island. North Pinnacle and South Pinnacle, two low
ther S. Both islands are densely wooded. Reefs and shoal rocks, lie on a detached rocky patch about 4.5 miles E of the
ground lie between these islands and the coast. above islet.
Mandrell Reef (12°57'N., 98°32'E.), a low isolated islet, lies
8.45 Freak Islet (12°41'N., 97°53'E.), conical in shape and 37m
8.47

about 1 mile NNW of Anyinpo Island. high, lies about 4.8 miles ESE of North Pinnacle. A few scat-
A beacon marks a drying reef about 1.5 miles SW of Anyin-
8.45 tered trees lie on this islet.
ma Island. Investigator Passage (12°45'N., 97°48'E.), deep and clear,
8.47

Galbraith Rock (12°50'N., 98°34'E.), which dries 2.7m and

8.45 lies between the above three islands to the S and Kabosa Island
is surrounded by shoal depths, lies about 4 miles S of Anyinma to the N.
Island. Tenasserim Island (12°34'N., 97°51'E.) lies about 10.5
8.47

Gladys Island (12°49'N., 98°36'E.), 103m high, lies about

8.45 miles S of Kabosa Island. Tenassarim Peak, 494m high, is the
2.3 miles ESE of Galbraith Rock. highest and furthest S of several peaks which, from a distance,
Long Island (12°48'N., 98°31'E.), 134m high, lies about 6.8
8.45 appear as separate islands. Herbert Island and Howard Island,
miles SSW of Anyinma Island and is the outermost island of a both high, lie close N of Tenasserim Island. West Islet, 106m
group which lie within the limits of a shoal which extends high, lies close off the SW side of the same island and appears
about 7.3 miles NW from the coast. to be a part of that island. East Islet, 82m high and not easily
The other islands of the group consist of Daisy Rocks, Cone
8.45 distinguished, lies close S of the E end of the same island. All
Island, and Two Spade Island. of the above islands are densely wooded and steep-to.
Kadwe Rock, a detached rock 1.2m high, lies 2.8 miles S of
8.45 Rock Islet (12°35'N., 97°54'E.), 20m high and white in ap-
8.47

Long Island. pearance from the E, lies about 1 mile NE of the E end of Te-
Pyinban Rocks (12°44'N., 98°34'E.) consists of a chain of
8.45 nasserim Island.
rocks which lies about 2.5 miles E of Kadwe Rock. The fur- Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 16.5m, near the head
8.47

thest S, Peak Island, rises to a height of 36m. A rock awash lies of an inlet which lies about in the middle of the NW side of Te-
about 0.2 mile S of Peak Island. nasserim Island. Protection is provided during the Northeast
White Rocks (12°41'N., 98°34'E.), 4.3m high, lie about 1.8
8.45 Monsoon.
miles S of Peak Island. A drying rock lies 0.5 mile SW and a The outer islands of the Mergui Archipelago, S of Tenas-
8.47

similar rock lies 1 mile SSE of White Rocks. serim Island, are somewhat similar in appearance. All are high,
High Rock, 11.3m high, lies about 3.8 miles SE of White
8.45 steep, and usually densely covered.
Rocks. Cap Rock, 6.7m high, lies 4.5 miles SSW of White
Rocks. Thitya Kyun, a steep-to square rock 26m high, lies 1.3 8.48 Saurin Island (12°30'N., 97°48'E.), 178m high, lies
miles SE of Cap Rock. These three islets or rocks lie on an ex- about 5 miles SW of Tenasserim Peak. Two small islets, Ram-
tensive shoal, as defined by the 10m curve, which extends sey and Morgan, lie 2.5 miles ESE and 4.5 miles E of Saurin
about 13 miles NW from a position about 0.8 mile N of Island. A breaking rock awash lies about 0.5 mile SSW of
Kalwin Point (12°29'N., 98°36'E.). Morgan Islet.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 265

The channel between these islands and Tenasserim Island is

8.48 the SE point of the island.
deep. The currents are irregular and tide rips occur. Tidal currents in the vicinity of Port Maria are weak. Cross
8.49

Blundell Island (12°27'N., 97°50'E.), 284m high, lies about

8.48 currents are sometimes encountered in the N approach to the
4.5 miles SSW of Tenasserim Island. Chevalier, a small high port
islet, lies about 1.5 miles W of the S point of Blundell Island. Anchorage.—When Crab Islet, about 1.8 miles S of the W
8.49

Chevalier Rock, small and low, lies about 0.3 mile S of Cheva- entrance point, is in line bearing 261° with Elphinstone Peak,
lier Islet. anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 12.8m. This position is
Lion Rock (12°24'N., 97°49'E.), 40m high and sparsely cov-
8.48 exposed to N and NE winds.
ered with scrub, lies about 1.8 miles S of Blundell Island. Directions.—Vessels approaching Port Maria can pass on
8.49

Sir Charles Metcalfe Island (12°17'N., 97°47'E.), about

8.48 either side of Entrance Islet and then steer directly into the bay,
411m high, lies 6 miles S of Lion Rock. favoring the E side until a bay at its W end opens.
Mermaid Passage (12°22'N., 97°51'E.), entered from the
8.48

SW between Lion Rock and Sir Charles Metcalfe Island, is Islands and Dangers Between Elphinstone Island
deep and clear of known dangers. and Iron Passage and Middle Passage
Smart Island (12°17'N., 97°52'E.), about 268m high, has
8.48

rocky shores and lies 3 miles E of Sir Charles Metcalfe Island. 8.50 Bowers Island (12°30'N., 98°06'E.), small, steep, and
Numerous rocks lie off the points which form open bays. 74.7m high, lies about 4 miles NE of Entrance Island.
Saddle Island (12°24'N., 97°55'E.), 77m high, lies 5.5 miles
8.48 Corbin Island (12°29'N., 98°09'E.), irregularly shaped and
8.50

ESE of the S end of Blundell Island. A reef extends about 136m high, lies about 2.5 miles SE of Bowers Island. This
183m from its SW point. densely-wooded island is the furthest N of a group of islands
Oubliee Rock (12°26'N., 97°58'E.), 16m high, lies 8 miles E
8.48 and rocks lying E of Elphinstone Island and in the NW ap-
of the S end of Blundell Island. A rock, which dries 3.7m, lies proach to the Bentinck Route.
about 0.6 mile E of this rock. Hayes Island (12°29'N., 98°11'E.), 91m high and densely
8.50

South Direction Island (12°29'N., 98°00'E.), 95m high, lies

8.48 wooded, lies about 1 mile E of Corbin Island. A sunken rock
about 10 miles E of the N end of Blundell Island. Two rocks lie lies about 1 mile NNE of Hayes Island. The channel between
about 0.3 mile off its SW side. North Direction Island, 46m Hayes Island and Corbin Island is deep.
high at its S end, lies 14 miles NNW of South Direction Island. Maingy Island (12°31'N., 98°15'E.), separated from the W
8.50

A deep channel separates these two islands. side of King Island by a narrow shallow channel, is high and
steep-to on its W side. A peak, 600m high, rises in its SW part.
8.49 Elphinstone Island (12°20'N., 98°00'E.), irregular in Its SE side is fronted by an extensive flat which dries 1.5m. A
shape, hilly, and densely wooded, lies with its NW end about 8 small, high islet lies close E of the N end of Maingy Island.
miles ESE of the S end of Blundell Island. The most prominent Page Islet (12°36'N., 98°10'E.), 26m high, lies 5 miles NW
8.50

summits are Elphinstone Peak, 533m high, and False Peak, of Maingy Island. This conical-shaped islet is covered with
430m high. Both peaks lie on the W part of the island. Elphin- straggly trees.
stone Peak appears as a separate conical island when viewed The Marcus Islands (12°39'N., 98°12'E.) consist of a group
8.50

from the N. of four islands which lie close together about 6 miles WSW of
A large bay indents the W side of the island. The bay head ex-
8.49 the N end of King Island. Marcus Island, 140m high, is the N
tends in a NE direction almost to the foot of Elphinstone Peak, island of the group. Gifford Island, 134m high, is fringed by a
and in a E direction almost to the foot of False Peak. During the reef which extends about 0.3 mile SW from it; a part of this
Northeast Monsoon, vessels with local knowledge can anchor in reef is 3.7m high. Harris Island, 140m high, appears as two is-
convenient depths, sand, near the head of the bay. lands joined by a narrow sandy strip. Genn Island, the smallest
Port Maria (12°23'N., 98°03'E.) lies within the limits of an
8.49 and E, is 69m high. Strong currents and tide rips are encoun-
open bay that indents the N side of Elphinstone Island. The bay tered in the deep channels between these islands.
is sheltered except from the N and NE. Brown Rock (12°41'N., 98°11'E.), 20.1m high, lies about
8.50

The W side of the bay is irregular and broken, with many is-
8.49 2.5 miles NW of Marcus Island. Rocks, which dry at times, lie
lets close off that side. The steep-to E side of the bay is bor- close N and S of it.
dered by hills which slope down to the high-water line. Middle Passage (12°49'N., 98°20'E.), a deep, clear passage
8.50

Castle Island, topped by three peaks, lies on the W side of

8.49 about 2 miles wide, lies between the N end of Iron Island and
the N approach to the bay about 0.8 mile NNW of the W en- South Rocks.
trance point. The highest peak rises to a height of 52m. Sack Is- Iron Passage (12°42'N., 98°22'E.), deep and clear of dan-
8.50

land, 137m high, lies 0.5 mile SW of Castle Island. Two islets gers in the fairway, lies between Iron Island to the N and King
lie about 0.3 S of Sack Island. All of these islets and islands ap- Island to the S.
pear to be a part of Elphinstone Island when viewed from the
N. 8.51 Ant Islet (12°42'N., 98°19'E.), 16m high and scrub
Entrance Islet (12°28'N., 98°03'E.), 66m high, lies about 2
8.49 covered, lies on the S side of Iron Passage, about 1 mile N of
miles NE of Castle Island and about in the middle of the N ap- the N end of King Island. Mussel Islet, 8.2m high, lies about
proach to the bay. A fringing reef extends from the E and S 0.3 mile S of Ant Islet. Melhuish Island, 68m high and densely
side of the islet. The E part of this reef just covers at HW. wooded, lies about the same distance NE of the N point of
Burne Island (12°27'N., 98°05'E.), 112m high and narrow,
8.49 King Island. Three wooded islets lie close off the W shore of
lies 1.8 miles ESE of Entrance Islet. Three small islets lie off an open bight that forms the N side of King Island.

Pub. 173
266 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Directions.—Middle Passage and Iron Passage lead into the

8.51 about 0.3 mile NNW of the Main Wharf.
Inner Route to Mergui Harbor. Depths of 5.8 to 9.8m are found in the inner anchorages NW
8.53

Vessels proceeding E through Iron Passage should favor the

8.51 and W of the Main Wharf.
N side of the passage to minimize the effects of the strong ed- A narrow shoal, with depths of 1.2m or less, lies close W of
8.53

dies and tide rips off Ant Islet and Mussel Islet. The set of the the channel about 0.3 mile within the entrance.
flood current onto Iron Island must be guarded against. An obstruction, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies on the SW
8.53

side of the entrance channel, about 0.3 mile NW of the same

Mergui Harbor—North Approach light structure.
A 1.8m patch lies close E of the fairway about 0.9 mile N of
8.53

8.52 The channel leading to Mergui Harbor is about 2.8 the Main Wharf.
miles wide between the NE side of Plantain Island and Cap The E sides of Pataw Island and Pahtet Island are fringed by
8.53

Rock, about 5 miles ENE. The E side of the channel is formed rocks, with the 5.5m curve lying up to 0.2 mile offshore. Drying
by an extensive shoal, as defined by the 10m curve, which ex- flats extend up to 0.2 mile off the W side of Mergui Island.
tends about 13 miles NW from a position about 0.8 mile N of Aspect.—Mergui Pagoda, gilded and prominent, stands in
8.53

Kalwin Point (12°29'N., 98°36'E.). the city at an elevation of 73m and is brilliantly illuminated at
Kala Kyun (12°30'N., 98°30'E.), which is hilly on its W side
8.52 night. Pawdawmu Pagoda stands at an elevation of 57m, about
and fronted by mangroves, is separated from King Island by 2 miles NE of Mergui Pagoda. Some conspicuous oil tanks
Fell Passage. stand about 2 miles S of Kalwin Point.
Sa Kyun, 89m high and steep, lies on the W side of the N en-
8.52 Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in Mergui Outer Har-
8.53

trance of Fell Passage, about 2.3 miles NNW of the N end of bor, in depths of 10 to 11m, between 1 and 1.7 miles NW of
Kala Kyun. Kalwin Point Light, with Pataw Pagoda bearing between 168°
Kaw Mwe, 61m high and topped by a pagoda, is connected
8.52 and 181°.
to Kala Kyun by a drying flat. A rocky shoal, as defined by the Vessels with local knowledge and drawing more than 5.5m
8.53

6m curve, extends about 2.5 miles N from the N side of Kala can anchor about 0.2 mile W and 0.3 mile NW of the head of
Kyun and forms the E side of the N entrance of Fell Passage. Main Wharf. The swinging room is restricted by the extending
A narrow channel, with depths of 6.1 to 27.4m, extends
8.52 shoals.
about 6.5 miles S from Kaw Mwe along the E side of Kala Vessels of greater draft can anchor in The Pool, a small deep
8.53

Kyun. South of a line drawn between Kaw Mwe and Kalwin area of the E end of Pahtet Island. The swinging room is re-
Point to the SE, with the exception of the narrow channel re- stricted and the eddies and currents are strong. Local knowl-
ferred to above, the entire area is marked by numerous small is- edge is required.
lands, shoals, and drying flats. Directions.—Vessels should only enter Mergui Harbor
8.53

Pataw Island (12°27'N., 98°35'E.), which lies in the SE cor-

8.52 during the daytime and under favorable conditions. Naviga-
ner of this shoal area, is divided into two parts by a large man- tional aids are inadequate and pilotage is not available.
grove swamp. The S part is known as Pahtet Island. Pataw Vessels drawing up to 3m, and not possessing local knowl-
8.53

Taung, rises to a height of 238m near the N end of the island, edge, should not attempt to enter until after the first quarter of
and Pati Taung, 83m high, lies near its S end. Numerous pago- the flood; those of greater draft should not enter until after the
das lie on various parts of the island. first half of the same tide. Vessels with local knowledge and
Kalwin Point (12°29'N., 98°36'E.), the NW extremity of
8.52 having a draft of 4.6m can enter after the first quarter of the
Mergui Island, forms the S entrance point of the Kiaupi River. flood at neaps.
This river separates the island from the mainland and forms Vessels entering Mergui Harbor should steer with Kalwin
8.53

one of the outlets of the Tenasserim River. Point red light structure, in line bearing 130° with Pawdawmu
Pagoda, until the lighted beacon on the seawall at Mergui is in
Mergui Harbor line bearing 169.5° with Mergui Pagoda. A course of 169.5°
should then be steered until the white pagoda on the SE side of
8.53 Mergui Harbor lies at the S end of the channel that Pawtaw Island bears about 258°. Course should then be altered
separates Pataw Island and Pahtet Island from Mergui Island. slightly to the E for about 0.2 mile to avoid the 1.2m patch, lo-
The town of Mergui lies on the W coast of Mergui Island cated close W of the range lines. Having cleared this patch,
abreast the S part of Pahtet Island. vessels should steer for the pagoda, lying about 0.2 mile ENE
Tides—Currents.—The tidal range at springs is about 51m;
8.53 of Pawhtet Pagoda, on a course of 197° and anchor as conve-
the mean range is about 3.4m. nient.
The tidal currents set S through the harbor on the flood and
8.53 Care should be taken to clear the wreck, with a depth of
8.53

N on the ebb. At springs, the rate of the tidal currents at half- 1.2m, which lies close N of the 130° course line.
tide is about 2 knots during the dry season. During the rainy
season, the rate of the ebb is probably greater. 8.54 Mergui (12°28'N., 98°36'E.) (World Port Index No.
Depths—Limitations.—Depths of 10 to 11m are found at
8.53 49690), the most important town in the southern district of
the outer anchorage. Burma, extends for more than 1 mile along the SW shore of
Depths of 2.7 to 3m are found in the fairway of the channel
8.53 Mergui Island. It is a scheduled port of call for small coastal
from the entrance, about 137m W of Kalwin Point Light to a vessels and is the center of important rubber and tin mining op-
position about 1 mile S of the entrance. From the latter posi- erations.
tion, depths of 3 to 4m are found in the fairway to a position Main Wharf, a wooden structure on piles with depths of 0.6
8.54

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 267

or 0.9m alongside, lies at the S end of the seawall which fronts Limlor Island, 62m high, lies about 0.5 mile S of Bertie Is-
8.56

the town. Naukle Jetty extends from the shore S of Main Wharf land.
and was reported to have a depth of 1.5m alongside. Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 12.8 to
8.56

A pontoon wharf, 73.2m long and 6.1m wide, with a report-

8.54 14.6m, about 0.2 mile SE of Limlor Island.
ed depth of 4.3m alongside, is situated abreast of the town. Directions.—From a position on the Bentinck Route, with
8.56

Ocean-going vessels normally work cargo into lighters at the the S point of Cantor Island (12°13'N., 98°15'E.) bearing
anchorages. 316°, distant 1.8 miles, vessels using the S approach to Mergui
Harbor should steer about 049°, with the S end of Tatagyi Is-
Mergui Harbor—South Approach land a little on the starboard bow. When Shrub Rock bears
about 041°, distant 1.3 miles, course should be altered to 066°
8.55 Mergui Harbor can be approached from the SW by in order to pass midway between Tatagyi Island and North
way of a channel 18 miles long, which leads between islands Round Island. Allowance should be made for the strong spring
and mud banks that extend SW from Mergui Island. The sea- tidal currents. After passing the S end of Tatagyi Island, course
ward end of the channel connects with the Bentinck Route in should be altered to about 042° for 3.5 miles until the E end of
the vicinity of Shrub Rocks (12°15'N., 98°21'E.). This chan- Pyin Island bears about 012°. Course should then be altered to
nel, which can only be used by light-draft vessels with local 068° for the anchorage S of Limlor Island.
knowledge, saves about 15 miles in distance. Caution.—Only light-draft craft with local knowledge can
8.56

Depths—Limitations.—The entrance of the approach channel

8.55 proceed NE of this anchorage.
leads between Tatagyi Island (12°17'N., 98°23'E.), which lies The coast between Mergui Harbor and Auckland Bay, about
8.56

about 2 miles E of the S end of King Island, and North Round Is- 20 miles SSW, is low and swampy. Several shallow rivers, nav-
land, about 0.5 mile S of Tatagyi Island. The entrance lies about 3 igable only by boats, flow out through narrow channels bor-
miles ENE of the N end of the Bentinck Route. dered by flats. Large trees usually cover the ridges and
There are considerable depths in the approaches and within
8.55 hummocks.
the entrance, but from there to Limlor Anchorage, about 6.5 Auckland Bay (12°07'N., 98°32'E.), which has not been
8.56

miles NE of North Round Island, the depths in the fairway closely examined, is entered between Sellore Island and Pyingi
range from 6.4 to 9.1m. Only small vessels with local knowl- Island, about 10 miles to the NE. Sheltered anchorage, in
edge and drawing not more than 2.4m at HW can proceed from depths of 7.3 to 22m, can be taken in the outer part of the bay,
Limlor Anchorage to Mergui. over a mud bottom. Caution is required.
Aspect.—Tatagyi Island is generally low but has some hills
8.55

on its W, E, and SE sides. The W hill is the highest. Fell Passage

Shrub Rocks, 7m high, lie about 1.8 miles WSW of the S end
8.55

of Tatagyi Island. A reef extends almost 1 mile NW from the 8.57 Fell Passage (12°18'N., 98°21'E.), which extends S
rocks. along the E coast of King Island, is used by coastal vessels pro-
North Round Island (12°15'N., 98°23'E.), 74m high, lies
8.55 ceeding through the Mergui Archipelago. The narrow passage
0.5 mile S of Tatagyi Island. South Round Island, 41m high, is about 19 miles long. Passage is not difficult on the flood tide,
lies about 0.3 mile farther S. A shoal, with a least depth of but local knowledge is necessary.
4.9m, lies 1 mile NE of North Round Island. The passage has a depth of 7.9m in the N entrance. A least
8.57

The Mergui Islands (12°10'N., 98°25'E.) are bold, densely

8.55 depth of 6.1m can be carried up to 7 miles S of the N entrance,
wooded, and lofty. The higher summit of the S island rises to but up to 5 miles farther SSW there is a least depth of 4.3m in
an elevation of 382m and is pyramidal in shape. Shelving mud the channel.
banks extend 1.5 miles W from the N island and about 2 miles Considerable depths are found in the S entrance and up to
8.57

W from the S island. 5.5 miles NE of this entrance.

The N entrance of Fell Passage, which has a channel width
8.57

8.56 Saunggyi Kyun (12°07'N., 98°24'E.), about 1 mile S of about 0.3 mile, is entered between Sa Kyun (12°33'N.,
of the S island of the Mergui Islands, rises to an elevation of 98°29'E.) and the rocky shoal which extends 2.5 miles N from
158m. Shoal ground, as defined by the 10m curve, extends Kala Kyun.
about 3.3 miles WSW from the W side of Saunggyi Kyun. Yemyok Island (12°26'N., 98°27'E.) lies on a drying flat in
8.57

Irregular depths lie between South Round Island and the N

8.56 the middle of the passage about 6.5 miles SSW of Sa Kyun.
island of the Mergui Islands. A 5.5m patch lies about 0.6 mile The preferred channel passes W of this island.
SE and a rock, which dries 2.7m, lies about 14 miles ENE of Bare Island (12°25'N., 98°26'E.), 45m high with a rounded,
8.57

South Round Island. wooded summit, lies on the W side of the channel about 0.5
Thetyagi Island (12°16'N., 98°26'E.), small in extent, lies
8.56 mile SW of Yemyok Island.
on the S end of a drying shoal on the SE side of the approach Payi Kyun (12°22'N., 98°26'E.), 82m high on its SE side,
8.57

channel about 2.8 miles ENE of North Round Island. lies in mid-channel about 2 miles SSW of Yemyok Island. A
Pyin Island (12°19'N., 98°26'E.), 89m high, lies on a mud
8.56 pagoda lies on the NW side of the island. A drying mud flat ex-
flat about 1.8 miles NE of Tatagyi Island. Bertie Island, low, tends about 1.3 miles NNE of the island and a drying sand flat
covered with mangroves, and marked by a wooded hill near its extends the same distance SW from it. Sakone Island lies close
SE point, lies about 1 mile NE of Pyin Island. The mud flat, on off the E side of Payi Kyun.
which the island lies, extends about 1.3 miles E from Bertie Is- Pigale Islet, 33m high, lies about 0.2 mile NW of the previ-
8.57

land. ously-mentioned pagoda. A beacon, 3.7m high and topped by a

Pub. 173
268 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

black and white ball, marks the SE end of the rocky shoal ex- The Bentinck Route—Northwest Approach
tending E from Pigale Islet.
The Myini Islets (12°24'N., 98°26'E.), a group of small is-
8.57 8.59 The NW approach to the Bentinck Route lies between
lets, lie on the W side of the channel about 0.5 mile N of Pigale Elphinstone Island and the S part of King Island. Numerous is-
Islet. lands, rocks, and dangers lie between the two islands. There
A shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies in the channel about
8.57 are irregular depths, and because of the nature of the adjacent
0.3 mile E of the N end of Thanpo Islet (12°23'N., 98°25'E.). islands, dangers other than those charted may exist. Tide rips
and cross currents occur around these islands. Passage through
8.58 Gyun Thaung (12°20'N., 98°24'E.), about 52m high, this area should only be attempted by vessels having local
lies on a drying bank on the SE side of the channel, 2 miles SW knowledge and then only under favorable conditions.
of the SW point of Payi Kyun. The two islands are joined by a The islands and dangers N of a line joining the N point of El-
8.59

narrow shallow ridge. A 4.9m shoal lies in the fairway about phinstone Island and a line joining the SE point of Maingy Is-
0.5 mile SW of the NW end of Gyun Thaung. land have been previously described paragraph 8.49.
The S entrance of Fell Passage lies between the S end of
8.58 Macleod Island (12°25'N., 98°09'E.), close off the NE end
8.59

King Island and Tatagyi Island, Fell Island, and Passage Island of Elphinstone Island, is topped by a densely-wooded summit
to the S. 173m high. Two small islets, joined to the island by a reef, lie
Tatagyi Island has been previously described in paragraph
8.58 off its NE side. A patch, with a least depth of 6.7m, lies about
8.55. Tatange Island, 243m high, lies about 0.5 mile W of the 0.4 mile N of the N islet, and a 3.7m patch lies about 0.3 mile
N part of Tatagyi Island. SE of the S islet.
The Lahchi Islands, five small conical islets, lie between 0.3
8.58 Between Macleod Island and Corbin Island, about 2.3 miles
8.59

and 1.3 miles SW of Tatange Island. to the N, the water is deep. Tide rips, overfalls, and variable
Passage Island (12°17'N., 98°21'E.), about 1.3 miles SW of
8.58 currents prevail.
Tatange Island, forms the S entrance point of Fell Passage. The Swirl Rock (12°25'N., 98°11'E.), an isolated patch of rock,
8.59

113m high summit is almost flat with a slight dip in the middle. 1.5m high, lies about 1 mile E of Macleod Island. Shoals ex-
Shoal ground connects the island with the Lahchi Islands. tend about 0.8 mile S from this patch. Depths of 14.6 to 27.4m
Shrub Rocks, which lie 1 mile SSE of the Lahchi Islands,
8.58 exist in the channel between the island and the rock.
have been previously described in paragraph 8.55. Johnny Island (12°22'N., 98°14'E.), 149m high, lies 4 miles
8.59

Directions.—A vessel should approach the N entrance of

8.58 SE of Macleod Island. This densely-wooded island is fringed
Fell Passage with the E extremity of Sa Kyun bearing 203°, by a reef and indented by small shallow bays.
and when about 0.2 mile E of the islet lying close N of it, Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9.1m, about 1 mile
8.59

should alter course to about 195°. When nearing the NW side SW of the SW extremity of the island.
of Kala Kyun, a vessel should keep at a distance of about 0.3 Six similar small islands lie between Maingy Island, Macleod
8.59

mile from it until the channel between Yemyok and King Is- Island, and Johnny Island. Wilson Island, Evans Island, and
land opens; the W side of the passage should then be gradually Robert Scott Island comprise one group. Wood Island and Daug-
approached in order to avoid the shoal depths of 2.7m which lie lish Island lie between this group and Johnny Island. Several
NE of the N point of Yemyok, and a course shaped to pass drying patches and shoal areas exist in the vicinity of these is-
about midway between the N point of Yemyok and the E side lands. Tide rips and cross currents occur in this area.
of King Island. A sheltered area is formed by the NE side of Elphinstone Is-
8.59

After passing a large double creek, which does not dry, and
8.58 land, the S side of Macleod Island, and the N side of Grants Is-
when Sakone Islet (12°23'N., 98°26'E.) is open W of Yemyok land. This latter island is densely wooded, hilly, and indented
Island and bearing 189°, course should be gradually altered un- by many shallow bays.
til that islet bears 184°, or open twice its own breadth E of
Nga-thok Kyun. After passing close E of the latter island, the 8.60 Allans Island (12°21'N., 98°11'E.), 155m high; Pa-
channel leads W of the spit extending N from Payi Kyun, and tons Island; Oates Island; and Bomford Island form the E side
between it and Myini Islets. of the sheltered area. Numerous other small islands lie within
A passage leads on either side of Thanpo Islet; the E pas-
8.58 this area which is marked by irregular depths.
sage, although narrower, is more convenient for vessels pro- The N entrance of this sheltered area lies between Elphin-
8.60

ceeding to the S. Vessels heading N should use the W passage, stone Island and Macleod Island, but should not be used be-
taking care to avoid the 2.7m shoal lying about 0.3 mile E of cause of the narrow channel and foul ground which lies off the
the N end of Thanpo Islet. NE end of the former island.
South of Thanpo Islet, the channel leads between Payi Kyun
8.58 The E entrance, which lies between Macleod Island and
8.60

and Mye-ni-kyun. Care should be taken to avoid the 2.7m shoal Bomford Island, should not be used because of the many is-
which lies about 0.2 mile NE of the latter island. The course lands and dangers within the entrance. A drying rock lies 183m
then leads W of Kantaung Kyun and the 4.9m patch which lies NE of Oates Island.
about 0.5 mile SW of its NW point, and then about midway be- La-e-ale Island (12°20'N., 98°15'E.), densely wooded and
8.60

tween King Island on the NW side and Tatagyi Island, Tatange 93m high, lies a little more than 0.8 mile SSE of Johnny Island.
Island, and Passage Island on the SE side. At springs, the ed- Two small islets lie between these two islands.
dies are strong between these islands. La-e-atet Island (12°18'N., 98°15'E.), densely wooded with
8.60

Directions for vessels bound S from Fell Passage through the

8.58 a high prominent peak, lies close S of the above island. This
Bentinck Route are continued in paragraph 8.65. peak appears conical when viewed from the N.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 269

Haycock Island (12°17'N., 98°10'E.), densely wooded and

8.60 Monsoon, anchorage can be taken, in depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, in
215m high, is the largest and highest of a group of islets and a bay on the NE side of the island. The sandy beach abreast this
rocky patches which lie from 2.5 to 5.5 miles W of La-e-atet anchorage is foul up to 137m offshore. During the Northeast
Island. Other islands of this group consist of Rat Island, Rock Monsoon, good anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9.1m, off
Island, Flat Island, Humpty Island, Mouse Island, and Dumpty a sandy beach at the E end of the head of the bay on the S side
Island. Mouse Island, 82m high, lies about 4.3 miles W of La- of Courts Island.
e-atet Island. This island should not be confused with another East Islet (11°57'N., 97°45'E.), 57m high, lies 2.3 miles S of
8.62

island of the same name about 2.5 miles S of La-e-atet Island. Mackenzie Island. West Island, slightly lower, lies 5 miles SW
The channel, between Grants Island and the N side of Ross
8.60 of the same island. Lunka Rock, which dries 1.8m, lies 8.5
Island, about 2.3 miles to the S, has a least charted depth of miles ESE of East Islet.
6.1m in the fairway. The greater depths are found close to the Hayes Island (11°52'N., 97°40'E.) lies 7 miles S of Sargent
8.62

former island. This channel has not been closely examined. Island and rises to a height of 486m. A rock, 4.6m high, lies
close N of Hayes Island. Fletcher Island, 256m high, lies 0.8
The Bentinck Route—West Approach mile S of Hayes Island.
The Great Western Torres Islands (11°47'N., 97°30'E.) are
8.62

8.61 Sir Charles Metcalfe Island (12°17'N., 97°47'E.), at the W group of the Mergui Archipelago Island group. They lie
the SW entrance of Mermaid Passage and the islands between from 6.5 to 12 miles W of Fletcher Island. The two largest is-
it and Kabosa Island, about 29 miles to the N, has been previ- lands of the group are separated by a channel with a least depth
ously described in paragraph 8.48. of 5.5m in the middle of the fairway.
West Spur and East Spur, two islets about 1 mile apart, lie on
8.61 The Great Western Torres Islands have been reported to be a
8.62

a rocky shoal about 1 mile S of Sir Charles Metcalfe Island. good radar target up to 23 miles.
The intervening channel is foul. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor in a cove on
8.62

Brunnette Island (12°14'N., 97°52'E.) lies about 5 miles,

8.61 the shore of the SW island of the two larger islands about half-
Greenlaw Island about 8.5 miles, and Lion Island about 11.8 way through the channel. Larger vessels can anchor off the
miles E, respectively, of East Spur Islet. cove entrance, in depths of 27.4 to 29.3m, but the holding
Thankes Islet (12°15'N., 98°01'E.) lies about 2.5 miles NE
8.61 ground is only fair and the anchorage is exposed to swells. Ves-
of Lion Island and close SE of the S end of Elphinstone Island. sels should enter through the NW end of the channel with
Shagstone Island lies 1 mile SE of Thankes Islet. Knap Island, Northeast Little Torres Island bearing 131° and showing
Basham Island, Middle Island, and Pym Island extend about 5 through the entrance. When the cove opens, anchorage can be
miles S from Shagstone Island. taken as convenient.
Knap Island (12°13'N., 98°02'E.) and Basham Island are sep-
8.61 The Little Torres Islands (11°43'N., 97°35'E.) consist of
8.62

arated from the W side of Ross Island by a channel restricted to a Northeast Little Torres Island, of moderate elevation, with a
width of 0.3 mile by rocks, and having a least depth of 5.5m. reef about 0.5 mile W of it, and a group of three islets in the
Pym Island, steep-to and conical, is about 122m high. form of an ellipse between 4.5 miles SE and 10 miles S of the
Bailey Island (12°08'N., 97°44'E.), 354m high in its N part,
8.61 Great Western Torres Islands. The highest islet of the group ap-
lies about 7.5 miles SSW of Sir Charles Metcalfe Island. The pears as two islets and has a needle-shaped rock off it. Vessels
W islets of a group, that extends about 7.5 miles E, lie 11 miles should not approach within 3 miles of the Little Torres Islands
E of Bailey Island. This group consists of ten islands. Howe Is- group.
land, the largest and highest of the group, rises to an elevation Nearchus Rock (11°42'N., 97°52'E.), which covers at HW,
8.62

of 246m. lies about 13 miles SE of Fletcher Island.

Hattrass Passage (12°11'N., 97°44'E.) lies between West
8.61 Nearchus Passage (11°53'N., 97°34'E.) connects with the
8.62

Spur Islet and East Spur Islet to the N and Bailey Island to the Bentinck Route from the W and lies between Fletcher Island,
S. The passage is deep and clear. Lunka Rock, and Courts Island to the N and the Great Western
Henry Prinsep Island (12°03'N., 97°38'E.) lies about 5
8.61 Torres Islands, Nearchus Rock and Bentinck Island to the S.
miles SW of Bailey Island. Tower Rock, an excellent land- The peak on Bentinck Island is not conspicuous from this pas-
mark, lies at the N end of the island. Sargent Island, 366m sage.
high, is separated from Henry Prinsep Island by a narrow foul Directions.—From a position about 2 miles N of the Great
8.62

channel. Western Torres Islands, steer to pass 1.5 miles S of Fletcher Is-
Chester Island (12°02'N., 97°46'E.), 290m high, lies about
8.61 land. Then steer to pass 1 mile S of Courts Island, then about 1
4 miles E of Sargent Island. Reefs have been reported to extend mile NW of Christmas Island which lies about 9 miles ENE of
some distance S from the SW extremity of Chester Island. Courts Island, where the track joins the Bentinck Route.
These dangers may extend across the passage between this is-
land and Mackenzie Island. The Bentinck Route—Fell Passage to Christmas
Observation Island (11°59'N., 97°55'E.), densely wooded
8.61
Island
and 169m high, lies 9 miles E of Mackenzie Island.
8.63 The Bentinck Route leads from the S end of Fell Pas-
8.62 Courts Island (11°57'N., 98°00'E.), 344m high, lies sage (12°17'N., 98°21'E.) for about 90 miles S to the N end of
about 3 miles ESE of Observation Island and is bordered along Forrest Strait, passing between Bentinck Island to the W and
its N side by foul ground. The island summit appears as a vol- Domel Island to the E.
canic cone when viewed from the N. During the Southwest Pinbwa Island (paragraph 8.42), the Lahchi Islands (para-
8.63

Pub. 173
270 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

graph 8.58), and Shrub Rocks (paragraph 8.55) have been pre- well open S of the S end of Cantor Island, leads S of the banks
viously described. which extend E from the latter island.
Mouse Island (12°15'N., 98°15'E.), 53m high and conical,
8.63 Small vessels can cross the shoal E of Medina Patches by
8.64

lies 5.5 miles SW of the S end of Fell Passage. keeping the E side of Pinbwa Island open NW of Tatange Is-
Mayan Island (12°15'N., 98°17'E.), 62m high and rounded,
8.63 land and bearing less than 034°.
lies 1 mile E of Mouse Island. Lump Rock, 6.1m high, lies Caution.—Vessels must guard against being set S between
8.64

about 1.3 miles S of the same island. Medina Patches, com- Cantor Island and Hext Rock.
posed of gravel and having a least depth of 2.7m, rise from a
sand and mud bank which extends about 3.3 miles ESE from The Bentinck Route and Adjacent Coasts
Mayan Island. White Rock, 3.7m high, lies about 1.8 miles SW
of Mouse Island. 8.65 Basin Island (11°59'N., 98°10'E.), 61m high and
Cantor Island (12°13'N., 98°15'E.), 109m high, lies about
8.63 sparsely wooded on its N side, lies 1 mile SE of Christmas Is-
0.8 mile SE of White Rock. A rock, with a depth of less than land. An islet lies about midway between the two islands.
1.8m, lies 1.3 miles ENE of the S end of Cantor Island, with The Bentinck Route leads from the S end of Fell Passage to
8.65

foul ground in between. the N end of Forrest Strait, about 90 miles to the S. It passes
Ross Island (12°13'N., 98°06'E.), marked by a prominent,
8.63 between Bentinck Island on the W and Domel Island on the E.
double summit 245.6m high on its SE side, lies 7 miles W of The N end of the route has been previously described in para-
Cantor Island. The N part of the E coast is foul with drying graph 8.56.
rocks lying 0.5 to 1 mile offshore. Griffiths Island and Helfer The coastal area abreast of the Bentinck Route is indented by
8.65

Island, both fairly high, lie between Ross Island and Cantor Is- numerous mangrove-filled inlets with meandering tidal cur-
land. rents at their heads. The shores are extensive mangrove
Martin Island (12°07'N., 98°09'E.), actually an islet 64m
8.63 swamps and mudflats with a few areas of rocky headlands and
high, lies 1.5 miles S of the S point of Ross Island. Two larger several short, narrow, sandy beaches. Mountain ranges trending
islets lie in between. N and S lie close inland along the S part of this coast.
Mewstone Island (12°04'N., 98°02'E.), 152m high, Lloyds
8.63 The coastal islands are low and swampy, whereas, the off-
8.65

Island, Drakes Island, and Criddles Island lie close together shore islands are generally high, rocky, and well-wooded.
from 8 to 13 miles SW of the double summit near the SE ex- Tides—Currents.—In the N approaches to the Bentinck
8.65

tremity of Ross Island. The area between the latter three is- Route, the tidal currents set SSE on the rising tide and in an op-
lands is foul. A rock, 4.6m high, lies close off the NW end of posite direction on the falling tide, at rates of about 2 knots in
Criddles Island. Button Island, 17m high, lies 2 miles E of the open waters. Tide rips, eddies, and overfalls are found in the
S end of the same island. narrow channels.
The Mergui Islands (paragraph 8.55) and Auckland Bay
8.63 Near the S entrance of Fell Passage and in the vicinity of
8.65

(paragraph 8.56) have been previously described. Shrub Rocks, the tidal currents set E on the rising and W on the
falling tide, at rates of about 2 knots.
8.64 Hext Rock (12°08'N., 98°16'E.), which has a least Between Shrub Rocks and the Pickwick Group, about 14.5
8.65

depth of 0.3m and is marked by ripples or breakers, lies about miles SSW, the tidal currents set SE on the rising and NW on
4.3 miles S of Cantor Island. The summit of Cantor Island, in the falling tide. Rates of 4 to 5 knots have been reported at
line bearing 002° with the 199m peak on La-e-atet Island, leads springs.
W of this rock. Between Courts Island and Parker Island, about 13 miles E,
8.65

Christmas Island (12°00'N., 98°09'E.), 137m high to the

8.64 the tidal currents set NE on the rising and in an opposite direc-
tops of the trees and lying about 6.5 miles S of Martin Island, is tion on the falling tide. A set onto the SW side of Christmas Is-
the furthest N island of a group of islets and rocky patches. The land occurs during the rising tide. The rate at springs on the
island is densely wooded. The S side is bold and fronted by off- rising tide is 1.3 knots; that on the falling tide is 1.8 knots.
lying rocks. The indented N side is fronted by shoals extending Between Bentinck Island and Domel Island, N of West Pas-
8.65

0.5 mile NE from it. The summit of the island is prominent sage Island, the tidal currents set NE on the rising and SW on
from the S. Vessels can pass 0.5 mile off the W side of the is- the falling tide, with rates at springs of about 2 knots. In the
land, but the currents are strong during the flood. more open waters NE of South Passage Island (11°46'N.,
Double Rock (12°01'N., 98°11'E.), 13.7m high, bare and
8.64 98°07'E.), the tidal currents set N on the rising and S on the
having two summits, lies 2.5 miles ENE of Christmas Island. falling tide, with rates at springs of about 1 knot.
Single Rock, 4.6m high, lies about 0.5 mile N of Double Rock. At a position about 4 miles S of the S end of Bentinck Island,
8.65

Directions.—Vessels proceeding S from Fell Passage

8.64 the tidal currents at the start of the rising tide set ESE and then
through the Bentinck Route should pass about 0.5 mile W of turn gradually through E to NE. The tidal currents set WSW
Pinbwa Island and should then bring the SW point of King Is- during the falling tide. The rate of both currents at springs is
land in line bearing 340° with the sharp peak on Maingy Is- about 1.5 knots.
land. A course of 160° should then be steered with the range East of Maria Island (11°27'N., 98°00'E.), the tidal currents
8.65

astern until Shrub Rocks bear 046°. Course should then be al- set SE during the rising and NW during the falling tide, with
tered to 229° until the S end of Cantor Island bears 316°, dis- rates at springs of about 1.3 knots. Between the S end of Domel
tant 1.8 miles, when course should be altered to 222° which Island and Carew Island, about 2 miles S, the tidal currents set
leads about 1 mile NW of Christmas Island. NE during the rising and SW during the falling tide, with rates
Note that the double peak on the S end of Ross Island, kept
8.64 at springs of over 3 knots. The tidal currents are also strong be-

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 271

tween High Peaked Island and Bushby Island, and in Jubilee Christmas Island to Bentinck Island
Channel. Rips occur in this channel, especially off its E en-
trance. 8.67 Courts Island (11°57'N., 98°00'E.), on the W side of
Between Bushby Island and Owen Island, 8.5 miles SSE, the
8.65 the Bentinck Route fairway, has been previously described in
tidal currents set NE or ENE during the rising tide and in re- paragraph 8.62.
verse directions during the falling tide, with rates at springs of Pickwick Island (12°01'N., 98°16'E.) and Weller Island, the
8.67

about 1.5 knots. W islands of the Pickwick Group, are densely wooded, and
fairly high and lie about 5.5 miles E of Christmas Island. This
In the N approaches to Forrest Strait, between Bernard Is-
8.65 group lies on the W side of the entrance of Morrison Bay. Bare
land (11°11'N., 98°16'E.) and the Dolphin Islands, about 14.5 Rocks, both small, lie between Weller Island and the N end of
miles S, the tidal currents set ENE during the rising and in an Parker Island, about 0.5 mile to the S. During spring tides,
opposite direction during the falling tide, with rates at springs strong eddies occur in this vicinity.
of about 1.5 knots. Holly Island (12°00'N., 98°12'E.), 39m high, wooded, and
8.67

Depths—Limitations.—The approaches to the outer islands

8.65 having a prominent summit, lies 2 miles ESE of Christmas Is-
of the Mergui Archipelago are deep and clear of dangers, but land. Dangers lie within a radius of 1 mile of Holly Island.
navigation through them is intricate and dangerous. The ap- Stodart Rock, a small pinnacle with a depth of 1.8m, lies about
proaches to the mainland coast are greatly encumbered by 2.5 miles S of this island.
these islands and the extensive mudflats and shoals closer in- Parker Island (11°57'N., 98°15'E.), Trotter Island, and
8.67

shore. Money Island, which lie S of the Pickwick Group, form the E
There are considerable depths in the fairway of the Bentinck
8.65 side of the Bentinck Route. All three islands are densely wood-
Route between Christmas Island and the entrance of Forrest ed; their W sides are indented by small sandy bays. An intri-
Strait. Caution is necessary, however, because there are no navi- cate, but rather deep channel about 0.5 mile wide, separates
gational aids and the channels have only been partially exam- Parker Island from Trotter Island. Strong currents set through
ined. The least depth in the fairway between West Passage Island this channel. The channel between Trotter Island and Money
and Elephant Island, about 2.3 miles to the ENE, is 6.4m; the Island almost dries. The channel between Money Island and
greatest depths are formed near West Passage Island. Domel Island is narrow and intricate.
Directions.—The track from Rangoon to Singapore leads
8.65 Amie Island (11°56'N., 98°13'E.), small but high and dense-
8.67

well seaward of the Mergui Archipelago. Navigation through ly wooded, lies 4.8 miles SE of Christmas Island. A prominent
this group is very intricate and dangerous to those not possess- summit tops the island.
ing local knowledge. Williams Reef (11°55'N., 98°11'E.), which dries 1.2m, lies
8.67

about 1.8 miles SW of Amie Island. Biddy Rock, with a least

8.66 The Bentinck Route.—Vessels should follow the di- depth of 4.9m, lies 1.5 miles farther SW.
rections previously given in paragraph 8.64 to a position about Warning Rock (11°54'N., 98°05'E.), which dries 0.6m, lies
8.67

1 mile NW of Christmas Island and then to a position about 1 on the W side of the fairway about 6.8 miles SSW of Christmas
mile W of that island. From this latter position a course of 176° Island. The Bentinck Route track passes midway between this
should be steered, which leads about midway between Warning rock and Biddy Rock.
Rock and Biddy Rock and between Cap and Feathers Rock and Whale Rock (11°52'N., 98°05'E.), 9.1m high, lies 1.8 miles
8.67

West Passage Island. Allowance should be made for the cur- S of Warning Rock. A shallow patch lies close SE of Whale
rents as soundings give little warning of the approach to the Rock.
dangers in this area. Zahora Rock (11°52'N., 98°01'E.), awash and steep-to, lies
8.67

When the summit of South Passage Island (11°46'N.,

8.66 1.3 miles N of the N end of Bentinck Island.
98°07'E.) bears 270°, course should be altered to 195° which
leads about 0.5 mile E of Bluff Point the S extremity of 8.68 Marian Island (11°51'N., 98°12'E.), sparsely wood-
Bentinck Island. When this point comes in line bearing 005° ed, lies about 5 miles S of Amie Island. A high conspicuous
astern with the W end of South Passage Island, course should peak lies at the W end of the island. Two fairly high summits
be altered to about 185° so as to pass about 1 mile W of Fly lie in the E part of the island. The saddle in between is promi-
Rock (11°30'N., 98°06'E.). nent from the S.
A group of islands and rocks, including Rosie Island and
8.68

When Fly Islet, which lies about 2.3 miles SE of Fly Rock,
8.66 Biddy Island, lies between Marian Island and Amie Island. A
bears 090°, distant 3 miles, course should be altered to 180°, prominent summit lies on the NW side of Rosie Island. Biddy
passing about 0.7 mile W of Cone Islet. When the summit of Island consists of two parts connected by a causeway. A foul
Jane Island (11°21'N., 98°01'E.) bears 279°, course should be channel separates this group from Trotter Island to the E.
altered to 152° which leads about 1.8 miles NE of Celia Rock, A pinnacle rock, with a least depth of 3.4m, lies about 1.8
8.68

about 4 miles NE of Father Island, and about 2 miles SW of miles S of Marian Island. Several islets and rocks lie between
High Island at the entrance of Forrest Strait. this island and the rock.
South Passage Island is difficult to identify from the S. Ves-
8.66 Elephant Island (11°50'N., 98°10'E.), which appears flat-
8.68

sels bound to the N should keep Cone Islet (11°23'N., topped from the offing, is 58m high and wooded. It lies about
98°06'E.) bearing not more than 180° astern, and well open W 1.8 miles SW of Marian Island and marks the E side of the
of Bushby Island until Fly Rock is passed. channel abreast West Passage Island.

Pub. 173
272 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Cap and Feathers (11°50'N., 98°09'E.), a single rock 13.7m

8.68 Perforated Rock has been reported to be a good radar target
8.69

high, lies 0.8 mile NW of Elephant Island. A drying rock lies up to 22 miles.
about 91m W of this rock. A 5.5m shoal lies about 0.5 mile N Domel Island (11°39'N., 98°15'E.), one of the largest is-
8.69

of the same rock. lands of the Mergui Archipelago, lies roughly parallel with and
Peterson Rock (11°50'N., 98°06'E.), which dries 1.8m, lies
8.68 7 to 13 miles E of Bentinck Island. Several densely wooded
on the W side of the fairway about 3.5 miles W of Elephant Is- conspicuous peaks lie on the island and range from 488m to
land. 683m high. Sanderson Hill rises to a bare summit, 539m high,
Crown Island (11°50'N., 98°05'E.), 61m high and steep-to
8.68 9.5 miles SSW of the N end of the island. The W coast is in-
on its N side, lies 1.5 miles W of Peterson Rock. dented by many bays with sandy beaches at their heads.
West Passage Island (11°49'N., 98°07'E.) lies 2.5 miles
8.68 Livock Bay (11°28'N., 98°14'E.), on the S coast of the is-
8.69

WSW of Elephant Island and is bold and wooded. The island is land, contains numerous dangers, but small vessels with local
steep-to on its E side. knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 7.3m, in the N arm of the
Dennis Rock (11°49'N., 98°06'E.), 4m high, lies 1 mile
8.68 bay. Protection is provided during the Southwest Monsoon.
WSW of West Passage Island. Pigeon Island (11°47'N., 98°13'E.), 119m high near its N
8.69

end and wooded, lies 3 miles W of the NW point of Domel Is-

Bentinck Island—Off-lying Islets and Rocks land. A shoal spit extends almost 0.5 mile N from the island.

8.69 Bentinck Island (11°45'N., 98°02'E.), with a very ir- Bentinck Island to Forrest Strait
regular indented coast, is separated from Courts Island by a
deep channel about 0.3 mile wide. The island is densely wood- 8.70 West side of the Bentinck Route.—Tree Island
ed and hilly. A bold flat-topped hill, 294m high, lies 2 miles off (11°32'N., 97°58'E.) lies about 9 miles SW of the S end of
the N end of the island. A prominent higher peak rises about Bentinck Island. Northwest Islet lies 3 miles farther WSW and
2.5 miles SSE of this hill and appears as a horn when viewed Flat Islet lies 1.8 miles SW of Tree Island.
from the NE or SW. Another prominent hill lies about 10 miles Five Sisters (11°23'N., 98°00'E.) consist of a group of is-
8.70

SSW of this peak. lands and rocks which lie between 10 and 20 miles SSW of the
The island is surrounded by fairly deep water on all but its E
8.69 S end of Bentinck Island. Maria, Eliza, Jane, Anne, and Char-
side, which is fringed by a shoal which extends up to 2 miles lotte are the principal islands of the group. These wooded is-
offshore. lands are rocky and precipitous on the their W sides, and
The W coast of Bentinck Island is rugged, wooded, irregular,
8.69 marked by sandy beaches on their E sides.
and fronted by several islets which lie up to 2 miles offshore. Maria Island (11°27'N., 98°00'E.), irregularly-shaped and
8.70

The N inlet of three, which indent the W coast, lies about 9

8.69 fairly high, is marked by four distinct peaks. Two small islets
miles NNW of Bluff Point and provides anchorage, in a depth lie within 0.5 mile N of the N end of the island. A fairly high
of 9.1m, in a bay indenting its N shore. rock lies close off the NE end of the island. Violet Island,
The middle inlet, which lies 7 miles NNW of Bluff Point,
8.69 wooded and having a grassy summit, lies 0.5 mile SE of Maria
provides anchorage in a cove along the N shore, in a depth of Island. Several above-water rocks lie in between the two is-
9.1m. Only small vessels with local knowledge can be accom- lands. Maria Rock, 13.7m high, lies almost 1 mile E of Violet
modated. Island. A rock, 6.1m high, lies 183m NW of the rock.
The S inlet, which lies 4.3 miles NW of Bluff Point, provides
8.69 Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor in a small
8.70

anchorage to small vessels with local knowledge, in depths of bay on the N coast of Maria Island, in a depth of 12.8m, sand,
11 to 27.4m. 0.5 mile SSE of the NW end of the island. Protection is provid-
The E coast of Bentinck Island is indented by North Bay and
8.69 ed during the Southwest Monsoon.
two other inlets. Thompson Island, 305m high, is separated Eliza Island (11°24'N., 98°00'E.), 204.2m high, lies about
8.70

from the NE coast of Bentinck Island by a narrow shoal chan- 1.3 miles SW of Violet Island. Northeast Quoin Island lies 1
nel. North Bay lies on the W side of Thompson Island and pro- mile E of the SE end of Eliza Island. Eliza Rock, 10.7m high
vides anchorage, in depths of 11 to 27.4m. and bare, lies 2 miles SE of the N end of the same island. Um-
South Passage Island (11°46'N., 98°07'E.), bold and wood-
8.69 brella Rock, 22.9m high with a drying rock 137m S of it, lies
ed, lies about 3.3 miles S of West Passage Island. A drying reef 0.6 mile SSE of Northeast Quoin Island.
lies about 0.3 mile NE of the N point of South Passage Island, Jane Island (11°21'N., 98°01'E.) lies 1 mile S of Eliza Is-
8.70

with shoal depths in between. During the Southwest Monsoon, land and is 207m high. Jane Rock, 12.2m high and bare, lies
anchorage can be taken between these two islands about 2 about 2 miles ENE of the N end of Jane Island. A rock, 3m
miles E of the S end of Thompson Island. high, lies about 0.2 mile SSE of Jane Rock. A smaller rock lies
Doris Rock (11°43'N., 98°06'E.), which dries, and Daphne
8.69 91m NW of Jane Rock.
Rock, awash, lie 6 miles N and 4.5 miles N, respectively, of Janet Island (11°21'N., 98°01'E.), densely wooded and 88m
8.70

Bluff Point. high, lies 0.4 mile SE of Jane Island. Two rocky ledges lie in
The S part of the E coast of Bentinck Island is indented by
8.69 between.
two inlets about 2.8 and 4 miles N of Bluff Point. Small vessels Anne Island (11°20'N., 98°00'E.), the next island to the S,
8.70

with local knowledge can anchor in the N arm of the S inlet. rises to a height of 204m. Two isolated rocks lie about 3.3
Several rocks lie off the S end of Bentinck Island. Perforated
8.69 miles W of the N end of Anne Island. Small vessels with local
Rock, 24m high and bare, lies 1.5 miles WSW of Bluff Point. knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 14.6m, sand, in a bay
Fish Rock, 3m high, lies 1 mile SSW of Perforated Rock. about 0.5 mile SSE of the N end of Anne Island.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 273

Charlotte Island (11°19'N., 98°01'E.), separated from Anne

8.70 rection between Ravenshaw Island and Alligator Rock. The
Island by a narrow channel, is 157m high. Charlotte Rock, 21m currents are strong in this passage.
high and bare, lies about 0.3 mile ENE of the island of the Katherine Island (11°18'N., 98°13'E.), 75m high and wood-
8.71

same name. May Island, 41m high and densely wooded, lies ed, lies in the SW entrance of Jubilee Channel. Vessels can pass
137m E of Charlotte Island. Pin Island, steep-to and densely N of it, or between it and Barbara Island, about 1.5 miles to The
wooded, is 62m high and lies about 0.2 mile ESE of South S. The latter island is 79m high and densely wooded.
Quoin Islet. This latter islet is 78m high and lies 183m S of Sir J. Malcom Island (11°18'N., 98°15'E.) has two prominent
8.71

May Island. summits. Both summits rise to elevations of over 366m.

Celia Rock (11°19'N., 98°04'E.), awash, lies 2 miles ENE of
8.70 A drying rock lies about 0.6 mile WSW of Barbara Island.
8.71

May Island. Depths of 14.6m exist about 0.5 mile SE of this Three islets lie S of Barbara Island and close off the SW ex-
8.71

rock. tremity of Sir J. Malcom Island. An islet lies in the middle of

Black Rock (11°23'N., 97°40'E.) lies isolated about 18.5
8.70 an inlet on the E side of the latter island.
miles WSW of Maria Island and can be seen for a distance of 8
miles. 8.72 Paines Reef (11°18'N., 98°18'E.), composed of drying
coral, lies 1 mile E of the NE side of Sir J. Malcom Island. A
8.71 Coopers Driver Island (11°27'N., 97°55'E.), rugged rocky patch, with a least depth of less than 1.8m, lies 1.3 miles S
and partly wooded, lies 5 miles SW of Charlotte Island. A of Paines Reef. Haldane Island, 41m high and heavily wooded,
small islet lies close off the SW end of the island, but it is lies 4.8 miles SE of the N end of Sir J. Malcom Island.
steep-to on its E and W sides. A bare islet, connected by a A navigable passage, 0.3 mile wide, separates the last-named
8.72

chain of rocks to a similar islet about 1 mile to the E, lies close island from Owen Island to the S. Jubilee Channel is consid-
off the N end of the island. Strong eddies prevail during the ered to be the safer of the two.
strength of the tidal currents. Owen Island (11°14'N., 98°15'E.) has three distinct sum-
8.72

Hen and Chickens, a group of six rocks, lies 2.5 miles S of

8.71 mits; the S summit is 381m high and the other two are each
Charlotte Island. The S rock of the group rises to a height of 472m high. Sinclair Bay indents the W side of the island and
15.2m and is the largest of the group. has a sandy beach about 1 mile long. Small vessels with local
Son Island (11°12'N., 98°05'E.) and Father Island, both
8.71 knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 14.6m, sand, about 0.5
bare, lie close together about 5.5 miles SE of Hen and Chick- mile W of a small bluff in the middle of the bay head. Protec-
ens. The S and W sides of Father Island are marked by red tion is provided during the Northeast Monsoon.
streaked cliffs. A rock, 0.9m high, lies 0.6 mile N of Son Is- June Bay, bordered by rocky ledges around its shores, lies S
8.72

land. Two other rocks, which dry 2.4m, lie almost 0.3 mile N of of Sinclair Bay. Small vessels with local knowledge can an-
this rock. chor, in a depth of 16.5m, in the entrance of the bay.
High Peaked Island (11°27'N., 98°08'E.), 1 mile W of the
8.71 Joan Island (11°15'N., 98°18'E.), 59m high, lies about 0.8
8.72

SW extremity of Domel Island, rises to a prominent densely- mile E of the NE end of Owen Island. Doris Island, 85m high,
wooded summit, 302m high. Second Observation Island, 70m lies 1.5 miles E of the N summit of the same island. Both is-
high, cliffy and wooded, lies 0.4 mile N of the N end of High lands are densely wooded. A drying reef lies almost 1 mile E of
Peaked Island. Fly Islet and Mosquito Islet lie within 0.5 mile the E end of Owen Island.
NE of Second Observation Island. A drying rock lies close SW Maxwell Island, Milne Island, and Bain Island, all small, lie
8.72

of Mosquito Islet. A similar rock lies 1.5 miles ESE of Second close S of Owen Island.
Observation Island. Fly Rock, a small steep-to pinnacle, awash, Bernard Island (11°11'N., 98°16'E.), 190m high and dense-
8.72

lies 2.3 miles NW of Fly Islet and is difficult to distinguish. ly wooded, lies 0.5 mile S of Owen Island. A deep channel sep-
Bushby Island (11°24'N., 98°08'E.), bold and topped by
8.71 arates the two islands. A shoal bank, with a least depth of
many high wooded peaks, lies 2 miles SW of the SW extremity 11.3m, extends about 3.5 miles W from the W side of Owen Is-
of Domel Island. land. A bank, with a least depth of 14.3m, lies 1.5 miles W of
Cone Islet (11°23'N., 98°06'E.), 65m high, conical and
8.71 the S end of Bernard Island.
heavily wooded, lies 1.5 miles S of the W end of Bushby Is-
land. Morrison Bay
Constitution Bank (11°24'N., 98°04'E.), with a least depth
8.71

of 12.5m, lies between Bushby Island and the Five Sisters. 8.73 Morrison Bay (12°00'N., 98°21'E.) is entered be-
Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a depth of
8.71 tween the Pickwick Group and Saunggyi Kyun, about 10 miles
14.6m, close outside a line joining the entrance points of a to the NE. The bay extends about 15 miles SSE of Julian Is-
small sandy cove near the NW point of Bushby Island. land, Kennedy Island, and Tucker Island near its head. Parker
Dorothy Island (11°24'N., 98°11'E.), 85.3m high, lies 2
8.71 Island, Trotter Island, and Money Island form the W side of the
miles ESE of the NE point of Bushby Island. Within about 6 bay and Sellore Island forms its E side. The N side of Kisser-
miles E and ESE of Dorothy Island, there are a group of dense- aing Island forms the S side of the bay.
ly-wooded islands and rocks. These include Carew Island, Morrison Bay can also be entered from the S by a narrow
8.73

North Park Island, South Park Island, Ravenshaw Island, and channel which is approached between Domel and Kisseraing
Wendy Island. Alligator Rock, 4.6m high, lies 1.5 miles E of Island. This channel leads between flats which extend from the
Ravenshaw Island. N parts of these islands into the SW corner of the bay.
Jubilee Channel (11°19'N., 98°15'E.), a fairly-wide deep
8.71 The N entrance of Celerity Passage lies in the SW part of the
8.73

passage, branches off from the Bentinck Route in an ENE di- bay.

Pub. 173
274 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Parker Island (11°57'N., 98°15'E.), 189m high near its SE

8.73 Sidney Island (11°52'N., 98°25'E.), 21m high and heavily
8.75

end, is densely wooded. Numerous islets lie off the E side of wooded, lies 0.5 mile N of Julian Island.
the island. Edmund Island and Wilmot Island lie close together Kennedy Island (11°50'N., 98°28'E.), 174m high and heavi-
8.75

about 0.5 mile off its NE coast. Pirie Island, densely wooded ly wooded, lies 1 mile E of Julian Island. Numerous islets and
and conical in shape, lies 1 mile NE of the E end of Parker Is- rocks lie between this island and the S end of Sellore Island. A
land. Tree Island, having shoal ground extending 0.5 mile N shoal, having a depth of 7.9m, lies between Julian Island and
from it, lies 0.5 mile NW of Pirie Island. Kennedy Island.
Star Island, densely wooded and 113m high, lies 1 mile SSW
8.73 Tucker Island, separated from Kennedy Island to the E by a
8.75

of Pirie Island. This island is the northernmost and easternmost narrow shoal channel, is densely wooded and has two high
of a group of five islands lying off the SE point of Parker Is- summits.
land. Reef Island, the southernmost, is 50m high and lies 0.5 Kanmaw Village lies at the NE end of Kisseraing Island. A
8.75

mile off the NE end of Trotter Island. A small islet lies 0.3 mile beacon lies on a rock 0.3 mile NE of the village. Regular sea
E of Trotter Island. communication is maintained between the village and Mergui.
Trotter Island (11°53'N., 98°16'E.), the next island S of
8.73 Celerity Passage (11°46'N., 98°20'E.), narrow and tortuous,
8.75

Parker Island, is 326m high and densely wooded. Whaleback leads S from the SW corner of Morrison Bay between Domel
Reef, which dries 1.5m, lies about 1 mile N of the E end of Island to the W and the extensive flats known as Leslie’s Gar-
Trotter Island. Shoal patches lie NNW and SW of the reef, but den to the E. Jubilee Channel joins this channel about 25 miles
to the E there is deep water. to the S and then leads S to the N entrance of Forrest Strait,
about 22 miles distant.
8.74 Heath Rock (11°55'N., 98°19'E.), which has a least Leslie’s Garden (11°47'N., 98°20'E.), an extensive flat
8.75

depth of 1.5m, lies about 1.8 miles NNE of the E end of Trotter which dries in places, extends about 5.5 miles NW from the
Island. Eddies usually mark this rock. Forfar Rock, 1.2m high, NW end of Kisseraing Island to within 0.5 mile of Jack Island.
lies on a rocky patch about 1.8 miles ENE of the same point. The flat also extends W for about 4.5 miles from the same
Money Island (11°50'N., 98°17'E.), the next island to the S,
8.74 point to within a short distance of the E coast of Domel Island.
is 335m high and heavily wooded. A wooded islet lies in mid-
channel between this island and Domel Island. Morrison Bay—South Approach
Una Island (11°52'N., 98°18'E.), 23m high and separated
8.74

from Jack Island by a channel, 0.2 mile wide, lies 1 mile NE of 8.76 The S approach to Morrison Bay lies between the SE
the NE end of Money Island. Jack Island, 68m high and sparse- point of Domel Island and Mawyut Point, the S end of Kisser-
ly wooded, lies 0.5 mile off the NE side of Money Island. A aing Island about 15 miles ENE.
village lies on the N side of Jack Island. A bank, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 4 miles
8.76

The channels between the above islands are not to be used

8.74 off the W side of Kisseraing Island, 11 miles WNW of Mawyut
because of the strong, irregular currents. Point.
Kayo Island (12°04'N., 98°24'E.), 52m high, lies 2 miles
8.74 The Marble Islands, a group of two large and four small is-
8.76

SW of the NW end of Sellore Island. lands, lie from 1.5 to 2 miles off the SE side of Domel Island.
Donnelly Reef (11°55'N., 98°25'E.), which dries 1.2m, lies
8.74 The group is almost bare of trees and steep-to. The S island of
about 8 miles S of Kayo Island. The intervening area is marked the group is the highest, attaining an elevation of 317m. Small
by several shoal patches. vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 11m, off
Donnelly Island (11°54'N., 98°26'E.), 47m high and well-
8.74 the W entrance point of a cove on the S end of this island. Ves-
wooded, lies 2 miles SSE of Donnelly Reef. This island lies on sels can anchor off this group of islands according to the mon-
the NE side of a channel which leads between Julian Island and soon; the greatest depths being found between them and Domel
Kennedy Island. Island.
Lokthama Kyun (11°54'N., 98°27'E.), which lies between
8.74 Sydney Island (11°32'N., 98°27'E.), small, wooded, and
8.76

Donnelly Island and the E shore of the bay, is 79m high and brown, lies close off the SW point of Kisseraing Island.
well-wooded. The intervening channel is deep but the currents Lalla Rookh Island (11°30'N., 98°30'E.), 32m high, well-
8.76

are strong. A 2.4m patch lies in the S entrance of this channel. wooded, and having a prominent dark tree at its N end, lies
Twin Rocks (11°53'N., 98°27'E.), 9.1m high, lie 0.8 mile
8.74 about 2 miles W of Mawyut Point and is the furthest S of a
SSE of Donnelly Island. Bird Rocks, white in color and steep- small group of islands. All of these islands are densely wooded
to, lie 0.4 mile S of Twin Rocks. and lie on an area of foul ground which extends about 2 miles
offshore.
8.75 Head of Morrison Bay.—The N coast of Kisseraing Small vessels with local knowledge can use Celerity Passage
8.76

Island is fronted by Julian Island, Kennedy Island, and Tucker on the last of the flood; the tidal currents are not strong.
Island. Julian Island, 134m high on its W side, lies with its SW
point about 3 miles NE of the NW end of Kisseraing Island. A Whale Bay
village lies near the S end of the island.
An extensive bank, as defined by the 6m curve, extends 6.5
8.75 8.77 Whale Bay (11°35'N., 98°39'E.) lies between the SE
miles NNW from the NW point of Kisseraing Island. Square side of Kisseraing Island and the mainland to the E. The en-
Rock, 4.6m high, lies near the end of this bank about 2 miles trance lies between Mawyut Point and Wet Kyun, about 9
ESE of the E end of Trotter Island. Quoin Rock, 9.1m high, lies miles to the E. The bay is approached from the SW, but caution
0.8 mile S of Square Rock. Both rocks are jungle covered. is required because the bay has not been closely examined.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 275

Sheltered anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11 to 18.3m, in Sadien Ondawagan, the largest of many villages in this area,
8.78

the S part of the bay. lies 4.5 miles S of the S entrance point of Yengan Chaung.
Pawe Kyun, marked by a prominent tree-covered hill near its
8.77 Cheding Rocks, 12.2m high, lie close offshore about 1.3 miles
S end, lies about 3.3 miles SSW of Mawyut Point. Firth Rock NW of this village.
lies on a reef which extends about 0.5 mile NE from the NE Khogyun, 65m high, well-wooded, and prominent, lies 5.5
8.78

side of the island. Shoal ground, as defined by the curve, ex- miles SSW of the same village. A shoal, which dries in places,
tends more than 1 mile farther NE. Shoal ground, with a least extends about 0.5 mile NE from the island.
depth of 3m, extends 1 mile off the SE side of the island. Boat Rock (11°18'N., 98°41'E.), about 0.4 mile N of Kho
8.78

Vera Island (11°29'N., 98°32'E.), 90m high and wooded,

8.77 Gyun, is 15.2m high. Bhadra Rock, about 0.5 mile W of Boat
lies 1.5 miles NE of the N end of Pawe Kyun. Vera Shoal, Rock, dries 0.9m.
which has a least depth of 11.9m, lies about in mid-channel be- Small vessels can anchor, in a depth of 7.3m, about 1 mile S
8.78

tween Vera Island and Lalla Rookh Island. Tide rips exist in the of Kho Gyun.
channel between Vera Island and Mawyut Point. A small village lies on the S side of the entrance of Bokpyin
8.78

Robert Island (11°24'N., 98°30'E.), high and heavily wood-

8.77 Chaung, a creek about 7 miles S of Sadien Ondawagan. A
ed, lies close S of the S end of Pawe Kyun. prominent house lies on a hill behind the village.
Fink Island, high and heavily wooded, is the northeasternmost
8.77 The coast between Bokpyin Chaung and the islands forming
8.78

of a group of small islands and rocks that lie up to 5.5 miles SW the N side of Karathuri Bay, about 13 miles to the S, is indent-
of Pawe Kyun. The channels between these islands should not be ed by creeks and marked inland by high hills.
used because of the rips and variable currents.
Malcom Island (11°18'N., 98°32'E.), high and densely
8.77 8.79 Nopu Taung Saba (Elephant Rock) (11°13'N.,
wooded, lies about 5 miles NE from the outer edge of a shoal 98°39'E.), 48m high and prominent, lies 4.5 miles SW of Kho
tongue which extends 17 miles SW from the mainland. Ched- Gyun. This islet is the northwesternmost of a group of islets
ing Flats is that part of the tongue which lies between the island and rocks which lie on the S side of the approach to Bokpyin
and the mainland. Chaung. Numerous rocks and reefs lie between this group and
the mainland. Needle Rocks lies 1.3 miles NE of Nopu Taung
8.78 Alice Island (11°21'N., 98°31'E.) lies on a detached Saba.
shoal, about 1.3 miles in extent, which lies about 2 miles NNW Pulau Ting-nga (11°12'N., 98°39'E.), a group of three coni-
8.79

of the N point of Malcom Island. cal rocks, lies about 1.5 miles S of Nopu Taung Saba. The S
Barn Island, 114m high and heavily wooded, lies 4.5 miles
8.78 rock rises to a height of 21m. Foul ground extends 14 miles NE
W of the S part of Malcom Island. and 0.8 mile E from these rocks.
Mawyut Point (11°31'N., 98°32'E.) the W entrance point of
8.78 Pulau Ampat (11°10'N., 98°37'E.), three well-wooded is-
8.79

Whale Bay, is steep-to on its S and E sides. Wet Kyun, on the E lets, lie 3.5 miles SSW of Nopu Taung Saba. The S islet is 76m
side of the entrance, is 125m high and well-wooded. There is high. From a distance, these islets appear as one. Foul ground
no navigable channel between the island and the mainland. extends about 1.5 miles ENE from these islets.
Kyauk Kalat, a small islet of whitish color, lies 0.5 mile S of North Cone Island, about 2 miles SSW of Pulau Ampat, is
8.79

the island and on the N side of the entrance of Yengan Chaung, 30m high. Pualu Kyin Ngai, 69m high, lies 4 miles WSW of
a creek bordered by drying flats on both sides of the entrance. North Cone Island, Pualu Panyam, 73m high, lies 3 miles far-
From the entrance of Yengan Chaung, the E side of Whale
8.78 ther SW.
Bay extends N for about 14 miles to the mouth of the Lenya An islet, 43m high, lies near the S end of the shoal ground
8.79

River at the NE corner of the bay. None of the creeks along this that extends 3 miles S from Pulau Panyam.
section are as large as the Yengan Chaung. Karathuri Bay (10°58'N., 98°36'E.) lies between Carnac Is-
8.79

Campbell Rock (11°33'N., 98°34'E.), awash, lies about 3

8.78 land and Jenkins Island to the N, and Kyeinni Taung and the
miles NE of Mawyut Point and is marked by a beacon with a Brothers Islands to the S. Carnac Island and Jenkins Island are
white circle topmark. The rock consists of two pinnacles and is surrounded by numerous islands, all lying on an extensive mud
steep-to on its E side. bank, about 6 miles SSE of North Cone Island. A narrow, shoal
Mawgaung-don, a point on the E side of Kisseraing Island,
8.78 channel separates this mud bank from the mainland to the E.
lies 6 miles N of Mawyut Point. Bhadra Reef fronts the shore Carnac Channel, which leads into Karathuri Bay from the N
8.79

for about 3 miles S of Mawgaung-don and extends up to 1.5 between Carnac Island and Kauye Kyun, about 3 miles to the
miles offshore. A vessel, with a draft of 2.4m, struck a rock on W, is suitable only for small vessels with local knowledge.
the outer part of this reef about 1.8 miles S of Mawgaung-don. Some of the reefs and shoals in this channel are marked by bea-
Northward of Mawgaung-don, the depths decrease and the
8.78 cons.
channel along the NE side of Kisseraing Island almost dries. Warrington Straits (10°55'N., 98°30'E.) leads into
8.79

The Lenya River (11°40'N., 98°43'E.) rises close to the Pak-

8.78 Karathuri Bay from the W between Collies Island and Kauye
chan River and roughly flows from N to S. The small village of Kyun to the N, and Mingyi Sakan, Sir Robert Campbell Island
Lenya lies 36 miles upstream and can be reached by small and Kandaw Island on the S. Kyaukmedaung and Tunnel Rock,
light-draft power vessels. which is conspicuous, lie close N of Kandaw Island. This latter
Between Kabyachaung (11°27'N., 98°43'E.), a 65.8m high
8.78 island is 80m high.
islet which lies on the S side of the entrance of Yengan Chaung A group of islets and rocks lie within 0.8 mile from the S end
8.79

and the entrance of the Bokpyin Chaung, about 11 miles to the of Kauye Kyun. A rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies 1.5
S, the coast is fringed by mangroves and intersected by creeks. miles S of this group and 0.8 mile ENE of Mingyi Sakan.

Pub. 173
276 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Riou Island (10°56'N., 98°26'E.), 65m high, lies on an area

8.79 of which are lighted. The W channel should be used because of
of shoal ground, about 1.3 miles S of Collies Island. The inter- the deep water within 1 mile of the Gregory Islands and the
vening channel is known as Warrington Passage. landmarks available for position fixing.
Kinnears Passage (10°59'N., 98°28'E.) separates Collies Is-
8.79 From a position about 2 miles SW of High Island, a course
8.80

land from Kauye Kyun, but is suitable only for small vessels of 152° should be steered until the S end of the S Dolphin Is-
with local knowledge. land bears 270°, distant 4 miles. The latter position can also be
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 11m, about 0.5 mile E
8.79 reached by steering a course of 195° from a position 2.3 miles
of an islet which lies about 2 miles N of Tunnel Rock. E of High Island. Course should then be altered to 180° and
maintained until Bold Promontory (11°44'N., 98°18'E.) bears
Forrest Passage and Forrest Strait—West and 270°, distant 1.5 miles. A course of 186° should then be steered
Southwest Sides until Pulau Tuhan bears 090°, distant 2 miles. Course should
then be altered to 165° for a position about 2 miles E of the
8.80 Forrest Passage (11°05'N., 98°04'E.) is 16 miles Five Islands.
wide at its entrance between Father Island, previously de- Vessels using the E channel should from a position about 2
8.80

scribed in paragraph 8.71, and North Sentinel Islet, and leads miles SW of High Island, steer a course of 152° until Shitpwin
ESE for about 15 miles to the N entrance of Forrest Strait. Kyun bears 045°. Course should then be altered to about 172°,
North Sentinel Islet (10°57'N., 97°58'E.), small and steep-
8.80 which leads in mid-channel over a least depth of 8.2m. When
to, has a rock close off its W side. Karachi Rock Beacon bears 270°, distant 1 mile, course should
Clara Island (10°54'N., 97°55'E.) rises to two summits and
8.80 be altered to 181° which leads to a position about 2 miles E of
lies 1.5 miles SW of North Sentinel Islet. The N summit is the Five Islands.
534m high and the S summit is sharp. South Sentinel Islet lies From the junction of the two channels, at a position 2 miles
8.80

0.5 mile S of the S point of Clara Island. E of the Five Islands, a course of 193° should be steered in or-
Kanzagyi, an island 173m high, lies 2.8 miles E of Clara Is-
8.80 der to clear the extensive sand and mudflat which lies off the
land. Wa-ale Kyun (Blunt Island), 314m high, lies 1 mile far- Pakchan River entrance.
ther E. Vessels bound for the Pakchan River entrance from the junc-
8.80

A reef, partly above and below-water, lies within 2 miles SW

8.80 tion point should steer for a position 4 miles W of Pulo Mah
of Kanzagyi. Puteh and then follow the directions for the Pakchan River.
Forrest Strait (10°50'N., 98°21'E.), entered between the N
8.80

end of Sullivan Island and Collies Island, about 15 miles to the Forrest Strait—North Entrance
E, is a deep-water sheltered passage available to deep-draft
vessels. At its N end, Forrest Strait connects with Forrest Pas- 8.81 The N entrance of Forrest Strait lies between the N
sage, the Bentinck Route, and the route from Morrison Bay end of Sullivan Island and Collies Island, about 15.5 miles to
through Celerity Passage. Investigator Channel leads from the the E. High Island, which lies about in the middle of the N en-
W into the strait. trance, rises to a double peak, about 428m high. A drying
The strait extends about 70 miles S as far as the entrance of
8.80 rocky ledge extends about 0.2 mile from the SE side of the is-
the Pakchan River, and leads between the mainland coast and a land. A cove lies NW of this ledge.
chain of islands, islets, and rocks which lie from 10 to 12 miles Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 22m, close off this
8.81

offshore. A group of islands, about 18 miles S of the N en- cove.

trance of the strait, lie in the fairway and divide the strait into Collies Island is the northernmost island of many which
8.81

two channels. Areas of discolored water are found throughout form the E side of the N portion of Forrest Strait.
the strait.
Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents in Forrest Passage set
8.80
North Part of Forrest Strait—West Side
E with the rising tide and W with the falling tide. The rate is
about 2.3 knots at springs. 8.82 Two Hill Island (10°59'N., 98°12'E.), 143m high, and
Overfalls and eddies occur about 2 miles W of High Island.
8.80 Pulo Gaban, 120m high, lie close E of the N end of Sullivan Is-
Within the strait, the tidal currents set N with the rising tide and land. The islands are steep-to except for a rock awash, about
S on the falling tide, with rates at springs of about 1 knot. In the 0.3 mile NNW of Pulo Gaban.
vicinity of the channels between the islands on the W side of The E coast of Sullivan Island forms the W side of the N part
8.82

the strait, the directions are NE on the rising and SW on the of Forrest Strait and rises steeply to form a thickly wooded
falling tide, with rates of 1.3 to 1.5 knots at springs. range of hills about 309m high. East Peak, the highest summit,
In Investigator Channel, the tidal currents set ENE on the ris-
8.80 rises to a height of 462m about 12 miles SSE of the N end of
ing tide and WSW on the falling tide, with rates of 0.5 knot at the island.
springs. The Dolphin Islands (10°55'N., 98°15'E.), a densely-wood-
8.82

Depths—Limitations.—Forrest Passage and the approaches

8.80 ed group of three, lie between 3 and 5.5 miles SSE of Pulo
to Forrest Strait from the N are deep and clear. The W channel Gaban. The S islet is the highest. Small vessels can anchor in
leading through Forrest Strait has a least depth of 11.9m; the E the channel between these islets and Sullivan Island.
channel has a least depth of 8.5m. The outer islands along this Katyang (10°51'N., 98°16'E.), a small islet 68m high, lies
8.82

coast are fairly steep-to on their seaward sides. close offshore about 2 miles S of the Dolphin Islands.
Directions.—Vessels without local knowledge should pro-
8.80 Half Moon Reef (10°50'N., 98°18'E.), which dries 0.3m,
8.82

ceed with caution because there are few navigational aids, none lies 1.5 miles offshore about 2.5 miles SE of Katyang. A simi-

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 277

lar reef, which also dries 0.3m, lies 1.3 miles NW. The summit lands.
of Pulo Gaban, open NE of the N Dolphin Island and bearing Myang Shoal (10°39'N., 98°20'E.), with a least depth of
8.84

about 030°, leads E of Half Moon Reef. Bold Promontory, 11m, lies 1.3 miles WSW of Pulo Myang.
open E of The Foreland and bearing 190°, also leads E of Half Karachi Rock (10°37'N., 98°23'E.), which dries, lies 1.5
8.84

Moon Reef. miles SE of Pulo Myang Basa. A beacon, with a white ball top-
The Foreland (10°47'N., 98°18'E.), a projecting headland
8.82 mark, marks this danger.
13.6m high, is the E extremity of Sullivan Island and is more Pulo Tuhan, the S island of the group, lies 2 miles S of Pulo
8.84

prominent than Bold Promontory, about 2.3 miles farther S. Myang Basa. The intervening channel has a least depth of
Marble Island (10°45'N., 98°18'E.), 8.3m high with an islet
8.82 14.6m. A shoal ridge extends about 0.5 mile SW from Pulo Tu-
off its W side, lies 1 mile SSW of The Foreland. han.
Ramsom Shoal (10°42'N., 98°19'E.), a coral patch with a
8.82

least depth of 7.3m, lies about 2.5 miles S of Bold Promontory. South Part of Forrest Strait—West Side
Pulo Nalo, 235m high, and Pulo Kugyi, 34m high, lie within
8.82

4.5 miles S of the S end of Sullivan Island. Several islets lie be- 8.85 Pulo Hayat (10°35'N., 98°14'E.) and Saucer Island
tween them. lie close together about 2 miles SSW of Pulo Kugyi. Pulo Balu,
Steep Shoal (10°38'N., 98°17'E.), a rocky patch with a least
8.82 a high island, lies 1 mile farther SSW. A drying reef extends
depth of 1.5m, lies about 1.3 miles E of the N end of Pulo about 0.3 mile N from Pulo Hayat.
Kugyi. The Foreland, open E of Bold Promontory and bearing Pulo Bada (10°30'N., 98°13'E.), 250m high near its S end,
8.85

about 360°, leads E of Steep Shoal. lies 1 mile SSW of Pulo Balu. A shoal, with a least depth of
7m, lies about 3.5 miles E of the NE point of Pulo Bada.
North Part of Forrest Strait—East Side Pocock Island and five islets lie on an unexamined area
8.85

which extends up to 4.5 miles S and SW from the S side of Pu-

8.83 Collies Island (10°59'N., 98°27'E.), Riou Island, lo Bada. Foul ground extends S from S islet.
Mingyi Sakan, and Sir Campbell Island, together with the Bowen Shoal (10°29'N., 98°15'E.), a sand and coral patch
8.85

mainland coast to the S, form the E side of Forrest Strait. which dries 0.6m, lies about 1 mile E of the SE end of Pulo Ba-
Shitpwin Kyun (10°49'N., 98°26'E.), 27m high, lies 7.5
8.83 da. A shoal ridge, with a least depth of 0.3m, lies between 1
miles E of Half Moon Reef and is the N islet of several which and 2 miles N of Bowen Shoal.
lie on the coastal bank on the E side of Forrest Strait. A 4.3m A chain of islands and islets lies between Pulo Bada and
8.85

beacon, with a white ball topmark, marks a rock awash about Pine Tree Island, about 9.5 miles SSE. These include Potter Is-
0.3 mile N of Shitpwin Kyun. land, Saddle Island, Naked Islet, Bare Islet, the Ninepins Is-
Campbell Reef (10°47'N., 98°26'E.), flat and rocky, dries
8.83 lands, and Cat and Kitten Island; Northwest Hump Island lies 4
about 24m and is marked at its SW end by a beacon which miles W of the latter island. These islands should be ap-
stands 3.5 miles S of Shitpwin Kyun. proached with caution, because of the irregular depths and
Pinwun Maw (10°45'N., 98°28'E.), which lies about 3 miles
8.83 rocky bottom.
ESE of the beacon on Campbell Reef, is the NW point of the A reef, marked by several drying rocks, extends 1.3 miles N
8.85

mainland which forms the E side of Forrest Strait. The coast from the N coast of Pine Tree Island.
then extends 7.5 miles S to Tutthabo Maw. These two points Southeast Hump Island (10°16'N., 98°19'E.), 97m high,
8.85

and Kyakyke Maw, about midway between them, are the only lies 4.5 miles SSE of Pine Tree Island. A dangerous rock,
prominent features along this low stretch of coast which rises awash, lies 0.8 mile SSE of the summit of this island.
some distance inland to high peaks about 670m high. The Five Islands (10°17'N., 98°22'E.), a small group of
8.85

Kala Taung (10°40'N., 98°29'E.), 1.3 miles SE of Kyakyke

8.83 rocky islets, extend about 1.5 miles N from a position 2 miles E
Maw, rises to a height of 235m and is the highest hill near the of Southeast Hump Island. The N islet rises to a height of 49m
coast. A smaller hill lies 1.5 miles S of Kala Taung. and is the most prominent. A rock that dries 1.5m lies almost
0.3 mile NW of the N islet.
Forrest Strait—Mid-channel Dangers
8.86 Russell Island (10°15'N., 98°15'E.), tree covered, lies
8.84 Jefford Shoal (10°48'N., 98°21'E.), a steep-to de- 5 miles SSW of Pine Tree Island and has a well-defined sum-
tached 9.1m patch, lies in mid-channel about 4.5 miles WSW mit, 267m high. Two detached rocks lie 0.5 mile W and NW,
of Shitpwin Kyun. respectively, of the S end of Russell Island.
A shoal, with a depth of 13.7m, lies about 3.5 miles E of The
8.84 Two Tree Island (10°16'N., 98°14'E.), grass covered and
8.86

Foreland. 67m high, lies close N of the NW point of Russell Island. The
Gregory Group (10°40'N., 98°21'E.) consists of five low
8.84 SW point of the island is reef fringed.
wooded islands, which lie in mid-channel, abreast the S end of Little Russell Island (10°13'N., 98°15'E.), tree covered and
8.86

Sullivan Island. 76m high, lies close S of Russell Island. A rocky islet lies close
Leik-u Kyun, small, wooded, and 33m high, is the N island
8.84 off the SW side of Little Russell Island. The passage between
of the group. Shoals extend 1.5 miles N from the island and ter- the two islands is 0.5 mile, wide and deep.
minate in Marble Patch, which has a least depth of 1.8m, sand Currents in the vicinity of Little Russell Island are variable
8.86

and shells. in strength and direction and numerous eddies exist. Vessels
Wa Kyun, Pulo Myang, and Pulo Myang Basa lie within 3.5
8.84 should give the rocky islet close SW of this island a wide berth.
miles S of the above island. Extensive reefs fringe these is- North Phipps Island (10°10'N., 98°17'E.), topped by a
8.86

Pub. 173
278 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

prominent summit, 110m high, lies 3.3 miles SSE of Little Outer Islands and Banks West of Forrest Strait
Russell Island.
South Hump Island (10°11'N., 98°20'E.), of moderate ele-
8.86 8.88 North Twin Island (10°38'N., 97°42'E.), 137m high,
vation and grass covered, lies 5.5 miles ESE of Little Russell lies about 16 miles SW of Clara Island. The W side of North
Island. Helmet Island, also moderately high and tree covered, Twin Island is bare to a height of 30m; its N and E sides are
lies 7 miles ESE of the same island. Foul ground extends up to densely wooded.
183m offshore around this latter island. South Twin Island (10°28'N., 98°41'E.), 82m high, lies 9.3
8.88

St. Lukes Island (10°09'N., 98°12'E.) rises to a prominent

8.86 miles S of North Twin Island. Its W side is almost bare and its
summit 484m high and lies 2 miles W of North Phipps Island. summit consists of bare rock. The N and S sides of the island
The 2-mile wide channel, between Little Russell Island and the are indented by open bays. Two rocks lie close off the NW
W end of St. Lukes Island, is clear of dangers in the fairway. point of the island. A sunken rock lies close NE of the E end of
Care should be taken to avoid a 9.8m rocky patch about 1.3
8.86 the island.
miles ENE of the NW extremity of St. Lukes Island. A number of isolated shoals and banks have been reported to
8.88

South Phipps Island, 155m high, Barwell Island, and Horse-

8.86 exist in the W approach to Investigator Channel (10°15'N.,
shoe Island, lie between 2 and 4 miles SSW of Helmet Island 97°56'E.), between the 185m curve and a position about 90
and close off the NE and E coasts of Hastings Island. A chan- miles WSW of Cavern Island. They have reported depths of 9.1
nel, about 183m wide with a depth of 5.2m, leads between to 87.8m, but these depths have not been closely examined.
South Phipps Island and Barwell Island. Heckford Bank (10°20'N., 97°10'E.), the NE bank, has a
8.88

Most of the islands mentioned above, with the exception of

8.86 depth of 12.8m and lies about 48 miles W of Cavern Island.
South Hump Island and those forming Hastings Harbor, are Tide rips form SE as seen on the chart. A shoal, with a depth of
tree-covered. They usually have well-defined peaks, especially 14m, has been reported (2016) to lie 6.5 miles WNW of the
South Hump Island and the N summit of Hastings Island, bank. Coral Bank, about 49 miles WSW of the same island, has
which is 267m high. a least depth of 20m.
A 9.1m patch was reported to exist in position 10°03'N,
8.88

East Side of Forrest Strait—South Part 97°03'E. Depths of less than 11m were reported to exist in po-
sition 10°08'N, 96°48'E.
8.87 Between Tutthabo Maw (10°37'N., 98°27'E.) and an Roe Bank (10°08'N., 96°38'E.), of sand and coral with a least
8.88

unnamed point about 26 miles S, the E side of the strait is indented depth of 11.6m, is about 0.4 mile wide between the 20m curves.
by a number of shallow creeks. Pulo Mah Puteh, 81m high, lies A depth of 18.3m was reported to lie E of Roe Bank in position
close off the unnamed point. 10°08'N, 96°50'E. A shoal, with a depth of 14m, lies about 8
The Turrets Islands (10°31'N., 98°27'E.) lie close together
8.87 miles S of Roe Bank. A lighted ODAS buoy has been estab-
about 6 miles S of Tutthabo Maw and about 2.5 miles offshore. lished in position 9°32.5'N, 95°40.1'E.
Pulau Salangin, the middle and largest island of the group, is a
bold, precipitous rock, 104m high. In clear weather it resem- Forrest Strait—Islands and Dangers West and
bles a square block of marble. Pulo Beba lies close N and Pulo Southwest
Prewang lies about 0.5 mile S of Pulau Salangin. A 4.9m shoal
lies almost 0.8 mile SSW of Pulo Prewang. 8.89 The Great Swinton Islands (10°34'N., 98°03'E.) lie
An islet, 17m high, lies about 1.8 miles SSE of Pulo Pre-
8.87 about 15 miles ESE of North Twin Island. Numerous small is-
wang. lets lie between Wa-ale Kyun and the W end of Kyun Pila,
about 18 miles SSW. Pulau Tika, 91.1m high, lies about 3
Whaleback Rock (10°28'N., 98°27'E.), 0.9m high, lies about
8.87 miles SSW of the S end of Wa-ale Kyun.
2.5 miles S of Pulo Prewang and 4 miles offshore. Brown Island (10°45'N., 98°03'E.), 30m high, and Pulau Ta-
8.89

Canister Island, 87m high, lies 8.5 miles S of Pulo Prewang

8.87 jam, 47m high, lie 2 and 5.8 miles SSW, respectively, of Pula Ti-
and 4 miles offshore. ka. An unnamed islet, with a sunken rock close W of it, lies 5.5
Between Pulo Mah Puteh and Victoria Point, the N entrance
8.87 miles SW of Pulau Tajam.
point of the Pakchan River, about 14 miles SSE, the coast is front- Kyun Pila (10°34'N., 98°00'E.), the largest island of the
8.89

ed by an extensive shoal bank as defined by the 6m curve. This group, lies with its N point about 3 miles SE of the unnamed is-
bank extends in a general SSW direction from Pulo Mah Puteh to land. A group of white rocks, 3m high, lie about 0.8 mile SSE of
a position about 11 miles W of Victoria Point. Numerous patches, the E end of Kyun Pila.
with depths of 1.8m and less, lie on this bank. Pulo Set (10°34'N., 98°06'E.), 207m high and the E of the
8.89

Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor, in depths of 12.8 to

8.87 group, lies 3.5 miles E of Kyun Pila. A rocky islet, surrounded
14.6m, E of Pulo Gaban (10°58'N., 98°13'E.) and SSW of by sunken rocks, lies 1.5 miles SW of Pulo Set. A rocky islet,
High Island in the positions indicated on the chart. surrounded by sunken rocks, lies 3.3 miles SSE of the same is-
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 18.3m, off the NE side
8.87 land.
of Pine Tree Island with the summit of that island bearing Lord Loughborough Island (10°27'N., 97°55'E.) lies about
8.89

231°, distant 0.6 mile. Care should be taken to avoid the reef 3.8 miles SW of Kyun Pila. The Paps, which rise to a height of
extending 1.3 miles N from the N coast of the island. 439m, are the most prominent of several peaks on the island. The
Anchorage can be taken on the E side of the strait between
8.87 W coast of the island is bold, steep-to, and densely wooded.
High Island and the Turrets Islands, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, Loughborough Passage (10°30'N., 97°57'E.) lies between
8.89

soft mud. Kyun Pila and Lord Loughborough Island. A rock, with a depth

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 279

of 3.7m, lies in the middle of the passage about 1.5 miles SSW The W side of St. Pauls Island is foul. Several rocks and is-
8.90

of the W end of Kyun Pila. Pollock Reef, with a rock 15.2m high lets lie off this side and off the N side of the island.
near its SW end, and another rock 3.7m high near its NE end, Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 7.3m, near the head of
8.90

lies at the E and of the passage. An islet, 24m high, lies near the a bay on the N side of the island. Protection is provided during
middle of the reef. the Southwest Monsoon.
Vessels are advised not to use Loughborough Passage.
8.89

Hayward Island (10°27'N., 97°57'E.), with sunken rocks

8.89
Za Det Gyi Island and Hastings Harbor
extending 0.5 mile NE from it, lies 0.5 mile NE of the E end of
Lord Loughborough Island. Richards Island lies 0.8 mile SE of 8.91 Za Det Gyi Island (Big Top Island) (9°58'N.,
the same point. Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 14.6 to 98°13'E.) lies S of Za Det Nge Island (Small Top Island) and is
27.4m, between Richards Island and Lord Loughborough Is- hilly and densely wooded. Its N side forms the S shore of Hast-
land. An unnamed island, with several unexamined dangers S ings Harbor. Highest Peak, 864m high, lies near the middle of
of it, lies in the S entrance of this anchorage. the island; South Peak, 585m high, lies near the S end of the is-
O’Connor Island, Saul Island, and Skinner Island lie close
8.89 land; both peaks are well-defined. Middle Peak, 744m high and
together between 1 and 2 miles NE of Richards Island. Off-ly- prominent, lies between the above peaks.
ing rocks are reported to lie in their vicinity. Vessels should The N and NE coasts of the island are indented by a number
8.91

keep closer to Richards Island in passing between that island of foul coves. Fish Harbor, near the NE extremity, provides an-
and the above islands. chorage for small vessels with local knowledge and a draft of
2.7m or less. White Rock, 9.1m high and prominent, lies 0.5
8.90 Investigator Channel (10°15'N., 97°56'E.) lies be- mile E of the harbor entrance. A 4m shoal lies close SE of the
tween McCarthy Island, Steward Island, and Cavern Island to rock.
the N and the St. Andrew’s Group to the S. The channel is A rock, which dries 1.5m, lies about 1.3 miles SSW of the
8.91

about 6 miles wide and has depths in excess of 36.6m. Vessels NE end of the island.
from the W bound for Hastings Harbor or the Pakchan River The SE coast of Za Det Gyi Island is densely wooded. Foul
8.91

use this channel. ground extends up to 1 mile offshore in places.

Cavern Island (10°20'N., 98°00'E.), which lies about 5
8.90 Tongue Island (9°55'N., 98°14'E.), 113m high, steep-to and
8.91

miles SE of Lord Loughborough Island, is the largest of several densely wooded, lies 2.5 miles SE of Highest Peak. A bare
islands which lie to SE of that island. McCarthy Island, 213m grassy mound lies near its S end.
high, and Steward Island, 154m high, lie between the above is- South Bay, a bight in the S end of Za Det Gyi Island, pro-
8.91

lands. Prominent Rocks lie off the S ends of all three of these vides sheltered anchorage, in a depth of 18.3m, sand and shells.
islands. A 7.9m shoal lies in the E part of the entrance and on the E side
Quoin Island (10°21'N., 98°04'E.), 114m high, lies 4 miles
8.90 of the bay.
E of Cavern Island. High Rock, 20m high, lies close S of Quoin
Island. 8.92 Hastings Harbor (10°06'N., 98°18'E.) is bordered by
The St. Andrew’s Group (10°10'N., 97°55'E.), on the S side
8.90 St. Lukes Island to the W, Za Det Nge Island to the E, and Za
of Investigator Channel, consists of a number of densely-wood- Det Gyi Island to the S. There are two navigable entrances.
ed islands and rocks. The N entrance lies between the NE end of St. Lukes Island
8.92

Horsburgh Island (10°12'N., 97°53'E.), the W of the group,

8.90 and the NW end of Za Det Nge Island about 2.3 miles SE. Hay-
lies 9.5 miles SW of Cavern Island and rises to a height of cock Island, 100m high and jungle-covered, lies 0.5 mile SE of
76m. Horsburgh Islet, 71m high, lies close SSE of Horsburgh Bengal Point, the NE end of St. Lukes Island. The main chan-
Island. Boulder Rock, 7.6m high, lies 0.8 mile SW of the same nel passes between Haycock Island and Minto Point, about 1.5
island. miles SE. The main fairway has depths of 20.1 to 27.4m.
The Cockburn Islands (10°12'N., 97°59'E.), four in num-
8.90 Thomas Shoal, with a least depth of 2.1m, lies about in mid-
ber, lie 5 miles E of Horsburgh Island. The highest island rises channel 0.6 mile NW of Minto Point. Elsewhere the channel is
to an elevation of 163m. Mackay Island, 3.8 miles SE, and Ma- clear of dangers. This shoal can be passed on either side, but
cleod Island lie 5.8 miles SSE of Horsburgh Island. there is a submerged rock off Minto Point.
Parsons Island, 277m high, lies 3 miles E of the Cockburn Is-
8.90 The E entrance lies between Cornwallis Point, the S end of
8.92

lands. Several islets and rocks lie close S and E of this island. Za Det Nge Island, and Dufferin Point, the N end of Za Det
Parsons Rock, a compact group of pinnacles which dry about Gyi Island, about 1.3 miles SSW. This entrance has depths of
1.8m, lies 1.8 miles NNW of the N end of Parsons Island. 11 to 18.3m in the fairway.
Mackenzie Island (10°04'N., 97°59'E.), MacIan Island, and
8.90

MacNab Island, lie between 3 and 6 miles S of the main body Chaves Shoal (10°04'N., 98°17'E.), a detached patch with a
8.92

of the St. Andrew’s Group. least depth of 5.2m, lies on the S side of the entrance about 0.8
St. Pauls Island (10°09'N., 98°09'E.), about 5.5 miles E of
8.90 mile SSW of Cornwallis Point. Depths of 12.8m surround this
Parsons Island and close W of the N part of St. Lukes Island, shoal.
has a prominent horn-shaped peak, 224m high. The channel James Patch (10°05'N., 98°19'E.), with a least depth of
8.92

separating the two islands has a depth of 6.4m over the bar at 0.6m, lies on the N side of the entrance almost 1 mile ESE of
its N end. the above point.
St. Pauls Island has been reported to be a good radar target
8.90 The W entrance lies between St. Lukes Island and Za Det
8.92

up to 20 miles. Gyi Island, but is not navigable except by small craft and boats.

Pub. 173
280 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

8.93 St. Marks Islet (10°03'N., 98°13'E.), 175m high, lies lie about 0.5 mile S of Lamp Island. Kai Koh, a rock which
in a shallow bight in the SW part of the harbor. dries 0.9m, lies 0.2 mile S of South Brother.
Ryland Patch (10°04'N., 98°13'E.), a small coral rock that
8.93 Haycock Rock (9°41'N., 97°55'E.), high and steep-to, lies
8.94

dries 0.3m, lies about 1 mile N of St. Marks Islet. 5.5 miles WSW of Slave Island.
St. Johns Islet, 122m high, lies off the NE side of Hindustan
8.93 Christie Island (9°38'N., 97°58'E.), the furthest S of the
8.94

Bay, about 3 miles S of Bengal Point. main Aladdin Islands, lies 4 miles SE of Haycock Rock and
The reefs which fringe the shores of the harbor are quite dis-
8.93 has several wooded peaks. The highest peak rises to an eleva-
tinct and rise sharply from depths of 5.5 to 9.1m. tion of 325m at the NW end of the island.
Tides—Currents.—Between South Hump Island
8.93 Sanders Island (9°37'N., 97°59'E.), 106.7m high, lies 0.8
8.94

(10°11'N., 98°20'E.) and Za Det Nge Island, the tidal current mile E of the S end of Christie Island. Murray Island, 71m
sets E on the flood and W on the ebb at a rate of 1.5 knots at high, lies 0.5 mile SSW of the same point. Both islands are
springs. The currents are weak within Hastings Harbor. rocky. A rock, 5.5m high, lies close off the N point of Murray
Anchorage.—Hastings Harbor provides excellent protected
8.93 Island. The passage between this island and Christie Island is
anchorage for all classes of vessels, in depths ranging from 11 foul.
to 22m, mud. A lee is always obtainable and no sea or current
of any consequence is experienced. Anchorage can be any- 8.95 Cash Island (9°49'N., 98°07'E.), 113m high, lies 0.8
where according to draft, with very good holding ground. mile S of the SW end of Za Det Gyi Island. Mawken Passage,
Caution.—Patches of discolored water frequently appear in
8.93 the channel between the two islands, has considerable depths
the harbor, but examination has proven that they do not indi- and provides a short cut for vessels proceeding W from the Pa-
cate dangers. The W entrance channel is often muddy, making kchan River. Rocks lie in the passage within 0.3 mile of the
it difficult to make out any dangers. SW end of Za Det Gyi Island. The S rock is 6.1m high. A
rocky islet, 36m high, lies 0.3 mile E of Cash Island; a similar
The Aladdin Islands to Birds Nest Rock islet, 43m high, lies about 0.5 mile S of Cash Island. There are
strong rips in the passage at springs. The passage should only
8.94 The Aladdin Islands (9°43'N., 98°03'E.), a well-scat- be used during daylight hours and then only under favorable
tered group of islands, some of which are high and bold, extend conditions.
about 15 miles W and 18 miles SSW of the S end of Za Det Dunkin Island (9°47'N., 98°07'E.) rises to a height of 238m
8.95

Gyi Island. near its N end. The Sisters, two small rocks of almost equal
Caution.—It has been reported (2011) an uncharted 5m
8.94 height, lie 0.5 mile S of Dunkin Island. Bruer Island, 292m
shoal lies in the vicinity of position 9°56.8'N, 97°51.8'E. high and densely wooded near its SE end, lies 3 miles S of the
same island. A rock, having a depth of less than 1.8m, the posi-
Western Rocky Island (9°51'N., 97°52'E.), the westernmost
8.94 tion of which is approximate, lies about 1 mile SSW of the S
of the group, is 21m high. A 10.7m rock lies close NE of this end of Bruer Island.
island. Auriol Island, densely wooded and 183m high at its W end,
8.95

North Rocky Island (9°53'N., 97°58'E.), 15m high and

8.94 lies about 2.5 miles S of Bruer Island. A low rock lies close off
scrub-covered, lies 5.8 miles ENE of the above island and is the NW side of Auriol Island. Swallow Island, about 0.5 mile
surrounded by off-lying rocks. N of Auriol Island, rises to a height of 88m. The intervening
Davis Island (9°49'N., 98°02'E.), the largest and highest of
8.94 channel is shoal.
the group, lies 4 miles WSW of the S end of Za Det Gyi Island. Graham Island (9°39'N., 98°02'E.), 164m high, lies 2 miles
8.95

This densely-wooded island has two main peaks each about W of Auriol Island. Two prominent high rocks lie close N of
454m high with the W peak being slightly higher. A rock, 5.5m the N end of Graham Island. Ninepin Rock, 24m high, lies
high and surrounded by a reef, lies close off the E end of Davis about 0.5 mile SSE of the S end of Graham Island.
Island. A 5.5m shoal, the position of which is doubtful, lies about
8.95

Chimney Island (9°51'N., 98°03'E.), 43m high, lies 1.3

8.94 5.5 miles SE of Auriol Island.
miles NNW of the NE end of Davis Island. Several rocks lie Birds Nest Rocks (9°47'N., 98°11'E.) consist of two groups
8.95

between the two islands. The N rock dries 0.9m. of rocks which lie within 5 miles SSE and 4.5 miles E of the
Drake Island (9°46'N., 98°01'E.), 143m high, lies 0.8 mile S
8.94 SE end of Za Det Gyi Island. The principal rocks in the N
of Davis Island. The channel between islands is deep. group are Horse Shoe Island, 119m high, Cupola Island, 212m
Glasshouse Island (9°45'N., 97°59'E.), 137m high, bold,
8.94 high, Tower Rock, 143m high, and Square Rock, 82m high,
and rocky, lies 1.8 miles WSW of Drake Island. A 52m high and Sloap Rock, 88m high. The latter rock is the furthest N of
rock lies close off the W end of Glasshouse Island. this group.
Slave Island (9°43'N., 98°00'E.), 64m high, lies 2 miles S of
8.94 The principal rocks in the S group are Spur Rock, 149m
8.95

Glasshouse Island. A chain of rocks extends 1.5 miles NNE high, about 2.3 miles SW of Horse Shoe Island, and Cocks
from Slave Island. Pat Rock, the S rock, is 38m high, and Shei- Comb Island, about 0.5 mile farther SW. This latter island rises
la Rock, the N rock of the chain, is 61m high. A rocky reef, to a height of 76m. An islet, 76m high, lies close S of Cocks
about 0.6m high, lies 1 mile S of Slave Island. Comb Island.
Lamp Island (9°43'N., 98°01'E.), about 2.5 miles S of
8.94

Drake Island, is 97m high. Honor Rock, with a depth of 0.6m, Ko Chan (Koh Sindarar) and Adjacent Islands
lies about midway between the two islands. North Brother and
South Brother, two large rocks, 46 and 59m high, respectively, 8.96 Ko Chan (9°25'N., 97°52'E.), consisting of Koh

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 281

Sindarar Nua and Koh Sindarar Tal, lies about 10 miles SW of 401m high, about 9 miles S of Victoria Point. Double Peak,
Christie Island. A winding channel, which nearly dries, sepa- 945m high and prominent when visible, lies 6 miles ESE of
rates the two islands. From a distance, both islands appear as Seaward Peak.
one high and densely wooded island. A high prominent summit A range of mountains backs this section of coast about 10
8.97

lies near the N end of the S island and rises to a height of miles inland. Round Mountain (9°41'N., 98°37'E.) rises to a
366m. conspicuous 970m high peak, about 9.3 miles SSE of Seaward
Torilla Island (9°22'N., 97°52'E.), 117m high, lies off the S
8.96 Peak. This mountain has a very distinct conical summit, with a
side of the S island. Pachumba Island, 163m high, lies off the peak of almost perpendicular appearance. Kao Phrami
W side of the same island. Stork Island, 97m high, lies about (9°18'N., 98°28'E.), about 5.8 miles ENE of Casuarina Point, is
1.8 miles NE of the N island. topped by three peaks each about 1,097m high.
A rocky islet, 13m high, lies about 1 mile NE of the SE end
8.96 The coast between the S entrance of the Pakchan River and
8.97

of the S island. Some 0.6m rocks lie close W of the islet. The the mouth of the Banlin River, about 9.5 miles SSW, is fronted
group is separated from the S island by a 0.5 mile wide deep by mangroves and bordered by extensive banks of sand and
channel. mud.
A rocky islet, 14m high and steep-to, lies 0.8 mile NW of the
8.96 Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents near the coast, S of Pu-
8.97

N end of the N island. A 9.1m islet lies about the same distance lo Mah Puteh, set S on the rising tide and N on the falling tide. In
N of the same point. the N approach channel, the tidal currents set in a direction par-
A 14.6m bank was reported to lie about 1 mile N of Pachum-
8.96 allel with the channel at a rate of 2 knots at springs.
ba Island. Between Ko Chan and Koh Chang, the tidal currents set NE
8.97

Marshall Rock (9°23'N., 97°49'E.), a pinnacle with a depth

8.96 on the rising tide and SW during the falling tide. The rate is 0.8
of 4.5m surrounded by depths of 36.6m, lies about 2.8 miles W knot at springs. Between the latter island and the mainland, the
of the S point of the S island. tidal currents set N on the rising tide and S on the falling tide.
Richelieu Rock (9°21'N., 98°02'E.), a small, coral pinnacle
8.96 In the S approach channel, the tidal currents set parallel with
8.97

which dries 1.2m, lies about 10 miles E of Torilla Island. The the channel, toward the Pakchan River entrance on the rising
drying part of the rock is about 9.1m wide. The sea does not al- tide and in the opposite direction on the falling tide. Strong rips
ways break over this danger at HW, even with a considerable are found between the N end of Koh Chang and Ko Kan. Both
swell. the flood and ebb currents set strongly towards Ko Kan. The
A depth of 40.2m, rock, was reported to lie about 6 miles
8.96 flood current sets E past the N coast of Pulo Ru, and then turns
WSW of Richelieu Rock. NE towards the entrance of the river. The ebb current from the
Anchorage can be taken in the bay formed by the E sides of
8.96 Pakchan River divides at the NE point of Pulo Ru, one part set-
the two islands, well protected from W winds. ting W and the other setting S. Tide rips are found in the chan-
nel N of Pulo Ru.
Pulo Mah Puteh to Casuarina Point—The Pak- Depths—Limitations.—The 11m curve lies about 2.5 miles
8.97

chan River and Approaches W of Pulo Mah Puteh and up to 12.5 miles W and WSW of
Victoria Point. Farther S, this curve is not clearly defined off
8.97 Victoria Point (9°58'N., 98°33'E.), the N point of the Casuarina Point.
entrance of the Pakchan River, forms the S end of a range of The least depths in the N, W, and S approach channels to the
8.97

hills. The point is high, bold, and steep-to. An iron flagstaff, Pakchan River entrance are 3.4m, 5.8m, and 7.3m, respective-
23m high and with an elevation of 57m, lies on the point. Two ly. The depths at the anchorage in Victoria Point Harbor, close
radio masts, with elevations of 117m, stand near the coast N of that point, are 12.8 to 14.6m. Depths of about 4.6m exist
about 0.9 mile N of the flagstaff. A triangular wooden daymark off the entrance of Ranong Creek at the recommended anchor-
is secured to the NW radio mast. age.
The land N of Victoria Point is very hilly and partly cleared.
8.97 Vessels, with a draft of 3.7 to 4m, can proceed about 14
8.97

The summits of the hills in the vicinity are flat-topped and not miles upriver to the entrance of the Klong Maliwun River and
easily identified. then 3 miles up that river.
The coast between Victoria Point and Pulo Mah Puteh, about
8.97

14 miles NNW, is mostly low and bordered in places by man- The Pakchan River—Islands and Dangers in the
groves. Tanjong Padah, a bluff headland lies about 7.5 miles N North Approach
of Victoria Point and a similar headland, lies about 5 miles N
of the same point. 8.98 Several islands lie on the extensive bank which fronts
The Pakchan River rises in about position 10°50'N, 99°00'E.
8.97 the coast between Pulo Mah Puteh and Victoria Point.
and is about 80 miles long; it forms the boundary between Bur- Pulo Remiah (10°05'N., 98°30'E.), the furthest north of
8.98

ma and Thailand. Both of its banks are densely wooded and these islands, is 18.3m high and lies 0.8 mile S of Tanjong Pa-
numerous streams discharge into it. Access is provided to the deh. A group of islands, islets, and reefs lie between 10 miles
river outlets of many of the tin mines in the S part of Burma NW and 12 miles W of Victoria Point.
and the N part of Thailand. Sims Reef (10°02'N., 98°29'E.), which dries 2.7m, lies about
8.98

The coast S of the river entrance, between Seaward Peak and

8.97 5.3 miles NW of Victoria Point. A beacon with a ball topmark
Casuarina Point, about 38 miles SSW, is generally low, densely marks this danger.
wooded, and intersected by numerous creeks and rivers. Sea- Thane Island (10°02'N., 98°30'E.), small and 30m high, lies
8.98

ward Peak (9°49'N., 98°32'E.) rises to a prominent summit about 0.3 mile E of Sims Reef. A small drying reef lies close S

Pub. 173
282 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

of the island. Koh Chong Pianam (9°34'N., 98°23'E.), about 4 miles

8.99

Pulo Tonton (10°01'N., 98°30'E.), 123m high and partially

8.98 NNE of Ko Kam Yai, is 157m high and wooded. The E side of
cleared, lies 4 miles NW of Victoria Point. Some villages lie on the island is fringed by rocks which extend up to 183m off-
its E and W coasts. A drying bank extends E to the mainland shore.
and SE almost to Victoria Point. Hin Sawai, 6.4m high and topped by a white summit, lies 0.5
8.99

Pulo Besin (9°59'N., 98°29'E.), 106m high, lies about 1 mile

8.98 mile N of Koh Chong Pianam.
SSW of the S end of Pulo Tonton. Several drying reefs lie close Koh Piam (9°44'N., 98°25'E.), densely wooded and topped
8.99

off the E side of Pulo Besin. A beacon, with a globe topmark, by a prominent peak, lies about 15 miles SW of Victoria Point.
stands on one of these reefs. A 4m patch lies N of the NE end The reef-fringed W side of the island is indented by two open
of the island. bays. A rocky islet 15.2m high, lies about 0.3 mile off the SW
Akha Barit, 65m high and steep-to, lies about 0.5 mile N of
8.98 point of Koh Piam. A drying rock lies about 0.5 mile SW of the
the above point. island. Extensive sandbanks lie between the island and the
Pulo Jungis (10°00'N., 98°29'E.),183m high, lies 0.4 mile N
8.98 mainland.
of Pulo Besin. The narrow channel between the islands dries. Koh Chang (9°50'N., 98°27'E.), densely wooded and 390m
8.99

A shoal, with depths of less than 1.8m, lies between 2 and 5

8.98 high, lies 2 miles NNE of Koh Piam. Some wooded islets lie
miles WNW of Pulo Jungis. off the S end of Koh Chang. Large sand banks lie between the
Pulo Perlin (9°58'N., 98°30'E.) 137m high, lies about 0.4
8.98 island and the mainland.
mile S of the SE end of Pulo Besin. Two small drying reefs lie A sand bank, having depths of less than 5.5m, extends 1.3
8.99

within 1 mile S of Pulo Perlin. A white beacon marks the N miles SW from the SW side of Koh Chang toward the N end of
reef of the two. A light shows from the SE point of Pulau Per- Koh Piam. Depths of 7.9 to 11m lie between this bank and the
lin. N end of Koh Piam. A 3.7m patch lies about 0.3 mile E of the
A drying reef lies at the E end of a shoal about 0.9 mile S of
8.98 N point of the latter island.
Pulo Perlin. The shoal extends about 4 miles to the WSW. A Harry Head (9°52'N., 98°27'E.), the N end of Koh Chang, is
8.99

rock, with a depth of 0.6m, lies in the middle of the shoal. a high tree-covered bluff. Tree Island, 13.7m high and wooded,
A white beacon stands close off the SE side of Pulo Perlin.
8.98 lies 1.5 miles SW of Harry Head. A 0.6m high rock lies close off
the W coast of Koh Chang about 1 miles S of Tree Island.
The Pakchan River—Islands and Dangers in the Ko Khan (9°52'N., 98°26'E.), a rocky islet lying about 0.5
8.99

South Approach mile NW of Harry Head, is steep-to on its E and S sides. The
light structure on the islet is not easily distinguished by day be-
8.99 Shoal ground, as defined by the 6m curve, extends up cause of the trees which obscure all but the top.
to 6 miles offshore between a 183m high headland about 10.5 Several shoal patches, having a least depth of 0.9m, extend
8.99

miles NNE of Casuarina Point, and a point about 15 miles up to 2.5 miles WSW from Ko Khan.
NNE. A tongue of this shoal extends as far as the E side of Ko
Kam Yai. The Pakchan River—Islands and Shoals
Ko Nui, a small islet 60m high, lies about 0.5 mile W of the
8.99

above headland. Shoal ground extends about 4 miles WSW. 8.100 A group of islands and islets, surrounded by shoals
Ko Kam Yai (9°29'N., 98°21'E.), 314m high, lies about 13
8.99 and foul ground, lie between Koh Kan and Victoria Point.
miles N of Casuarina Point. Shoal ground, as defined by the Pulo Pingngwe (9°54'N., 98°29'E.), 184m high lies 1.8
8.100

11m curve, extends about 2 miles off the W side of the island. miles NE of Koh Kan. A large drying shoal extends up to 1
An extensive sandbank lies about 0.5 mile E of the S end of the mile ESE from the island. A shoal, with a least depth of 1.5m,
island. Ko Kam Tok, 105m high, lies close N of Ko Kam Yai. lies 0.6 mile S of the S end of the island. Other shoal patches
Ko Kam Nui, 288m high, lies 1 mile E of the same island. The lie W of the island.
depths between the islands are very irregular and no attempt Pulo Saung Kharang (9°55'N., 98°31'E.), 132m high, lies 2
8.100

should be made to pass between them. miles ENE of Pulo Pingngwe. Foul ground extends about 0.8
Double Islet (9°27'N., 98°20'E.), located about 1 mile S of
8.99 mile W from Pulo Saugn Kharang.
Ko Kam Yai, rises to two peaks joined by a low, narrow strip of Dyke Island lies 0.5 mile S of Pulo Saung Kharang.
8.100

sand. The N peak is 83m high and the S peak is 44.5m high. A Pulo Ganga (9°56'N., 98°29'E.), 123m high, lies 1.5 miles N
8.100

rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about 0.2 mile NE of of Pulo Pingngwe, with Pulo Gattai about 2 miles E of it. A
the N peak. South Rock, 12m high, lies 0.5 mile SW of Double narrow drying spit lies between Pulo Ganga and Pulo Gattai
Islet. and almost joins the two. A shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m,
Metcalfe Island (9°26'N., 98°21'E.), 22m high and wooded,
8.99 extends about 2.3 miles W from Pulo Ganga.
lies miles SSE of Ko Kam Yai. A sandy spit extends about 1.3 Pulo Ru (9°57'N., 98°32'E.), 186m high near its NW end,
8.100

miles ENE from Metcalfe Island. lies with its S end about 0.3 mile E of Pulo Gattai and its NE
Hayes Island (9°20'N., 98°20'E.), circular in shape, high,
8.99 point about 1 mile S of Victoria Point. A shoal, as defined by
and wooded, lies 6 miles SSW of Metcalfe Island. the 5.5m curve, fronts the W side of Pulo Ru and extends 4.5
Umbrella Island (9°20'N., 98°19'E.), located about 0.8 mile
8.99 miles W from it. The inner part of this shoal dries.
NW of Hayes Island, is rocky and shows up well when not in Narrow channels separate the above islands.
8.100

range with the latter island. A high umbrella-shaped tree lies Round Island (9°55'N., 98°33'E.), 88m high and steep-to,
8.100

on the island. These islands are surrounded by large sand banks lies 0.8 mile SE of the S end of Pulo Ru. The intervening chan-
and rocks which are marked by breakers at LW. nel is fairly deep.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 283

A shoal, with a least depth of 3.4m, lies on the S side of the

8.100 1. North Approach Channel.—From a position 4 miles
entrance channel between the NE extremity of Pulo Ru and the W of Pulo Mah Puteh, steer toward Thane Islet on a course
S side of the river entrance. of 149°. Double Peak, in line with the E tangent of Thane Is-
let, makes an excellent mark for this course. Double Peak is
The Pakchan River Entrance—Approach Chan- seldom visible before noon.
nels When the beacon marking Sims Reef bears 185°, alter
course to 172° so as to pass between that reef and Thane Is-
8.101 There are three approach channels leading to the Pak- let. When the N point of Akha Barit bears 090°, alter course
chan River entrance. The N channel leads between the shoal to 148° to avoid the 4m patch which lies SW of Akha Barit
ground extending N from Pulo Jungis and Pulo Remiah. The and the reefs off the E coast of Pulo Besin. Vessels can pass
least depth of 3.4m found in this channel lies SW of Pulo Remi- close off the steep-to SW coast of Akha Barit.
ah. The channel leads between Sims Reef and Thane Island and When the SE and SW points of Pulo Besin are in line bear-
then between Akha Barit and the NE end of Pulo Besin. ing 261°, alter course to 128°. Maintain this course until Koh
The W channel leads between Pulo Perlin and the reef lying
8.101 Phi Light bears 095°, and then steer that course which leads
about 0.8 mile S of that island. The least depth of 5.8m to be through the river entrance. When Victoria Point bears 045°,
found in this channel lies 4.5 miles WSW of the SW end of Pu- course may be altered for the selected anchorage.
lo Besin. Vessels bound for the anchorage off Koh Phi should, after
Bell Passage, the S channel, leads between Koh Kan and the
8.101 passing Victoria Point, approach that island from a more N
N end of Koh Chang and then E between the N coast of the lat- direction in order to avoid the 3.4m shoal in mid-channel, SE
ter island and the shoals extending S from Pulo Pingngwe. The of Victoria Point.
channel then leads SE of the drying bank that extends SE from 2. West Approach Channel.—From a position about 9
the latter island and then SE of Round Island. The least depth miles W of Pulo Ganga, steer 090° for that island until the
of 7.3m found in this channel lies about 0.8 mile SW of Koh SE end of Pulo Besin bears 061°. Then steer 061° until the
Kan. SE end of Pulo Perlin bears 090°. A least depth of 5.8m ex-
ists about 2 miles along this latter course.
The Pakchan River entrance lies between Victoria Point and
8.101 When the SE point of Pulo Perlin bears 090°, steer 095°
the entrance of Ranong Creek, about 2.5 miles to the ESE. The for Koh Phi Light which leads between Pulo Perlin and the
small Victoria Point Harbor, with the village of Kawsong at its beacon marking the reef S of it. The SE point of this island
head, lies on the E side of the point, between it and Browning can be passed at a distance of 183m. Continue on course
Island, about 0.3 mile to the E. 095° and then proceed as directed for the North Approach
Koh Phi, a small islet, lies on the E side of the Pakchan River
8.101 Channel.
entrance, about 2.3 miles ESE of Victoria Point. A sand bank, 3. South Approach Channel.—From a position about
with depths of 0.9 to 3.4m, extends about 0.3 mile SSW from 4.3 miles W of Kho Piam, steer 048° for the summit of Pulo
the islet. Pingngwe which leads between the N end of Koh Chang and
Shoal ground, as defined by the 6m curve, extends about 0.2
8.101 Koh Kan after passing Tree Island at a distance of 0.4 mile
mile WSW from the S end of Browning Island. Depths of 4 to abeam. A least depth of 7.3m is found 4.5 mile SW of Koh
5.5m exist between the outer edge of this bank and Victoria Kan.
Point. Vessels approaching this channel from the N should keep
Anchorage.—Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a
8.101 W of the shoals in the approach until the summit of Koh
depth of 10m, sand and mud, off a sandy beach in the bay that Chang bears 120°. Then bring the summit of Pulo Pingngwe
indents the SW coast of Koh Piam. to bear 048° and proceed as directed above.
Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in depths of 9.1 to
8.101 When the N tangent of Koh Kan bears 270° and is in range
11m, off the NE side of Koh Piam. Protection is provided with South Peak on Za Det Gyi Island, steer 090°, keeping
during the Southwest Monsoon. that range astern.
Sheltered anchorage can be taken in the N approach channel
8.101 When the summit of Pulo Pingngwe bears 335°, alter
between Pulo Jungis and Pulo Tonton. course gradually to 045° and steer for Koh Phi Light on that
Vessels with local knowledge can anchor in the S approach
8.101 bearing.
channel S of Pulo Pingngwe. Light-draft vessels can anchor E Vessels bound for the anchorage off Koh Phi should main-
of Pulo Ru. tain a course of 045° and anchor as convenient. The least
Small vessels with local knowledge frequently anchor, in a
8.101 depth on this track is 9.1m, but a shoal with a depth of 4.6m
depth of 4.6m, off the entrance of Ranong Creek, about 0.3 lies in mid-channel about 1.8 miles SW of Kho Phi Light.
mile S of Koh Phi. Vessels bound for the anchorage off Victoria Point should
Vessels can anchor 0.5 mile S of Victoria Point, in depths of
8.101 continue on the 045° course until the summit of Round Is-
9.1 to 18.3m. land bears 270°. Then alter course to the N and steer 013° for
Vessels can anchor, in 12.8 to 14.6m, in Victoria Point Har-
8.101 Browning Island. The least depth on this track, 7.3m, is lo-
bor. The anchorage area is about 0.3 mile long and 137m wide cated about 1 mile NE of Round Island. When the NE end of
and lies E of the pier. Vessels using this anchorage pass over a Pulo Ru has been passed, steer for the anchorage which lies
shoal, having depths of 4 to 5.5m, that lies across the harbor about 0.5 mile S of Victoria Point.
entrance. Caution.—Caution is required because of the lack of navi-
8.101

Directions.—Directions for each channel are, as follows:

8.101 gational aids.

Pub. 173
284 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

8.102 Victoria Point Harbor (Kawsong Harbor) (9°59'N., its W side, is high in its N part and 344m high in its S part.
98°33'E.) (World Port Index No. 49700), the S settlement of Takuapa Inlet is the estuary of a large river which discharges
8.103

Burma, consists of a small government station and a native vil- through four channels which intersect the W coast of Thailand
lage. A police station lies on the summit of the hill forming between the parallels of 9°15'N and 8°52'N.
Victoria Point; some government buildings lie on a ridge to the Laem Krangnoi, a low sandy point, lies 3.5 miles S of the S
8.103

N. Ocean-going vessels work cargo from lighters at the anchor- entrance point of Takuapa Inlet. Laem Krangyai, about 4.5
ages. miles SSW of Laem Krangnor, is low, sandy, and backed by
Ranong, a village which lies about 2 miles above the en-
8.102 tall trees.
trance of Ranong Creek, is the site of a Thailand Government From Laem Krangyai, the coast extends S for about 7 miles
8.103

Station. Several tin mines are situated in this area. to Laem Lachan, a wooded bluff, 93m high. This stretch of
The customhouse stands at the inner end of a 137.2m pier
8.102 coast is low in the N part and backed by high hills. These hills
which extends from the shore on the W side of Victoria Point gradually approach the coast, reaching it at Laem Lacham and
Harbor. then receding inland S of this point.
A pontoon jetty, with reported depths of 5.5 to 6.1m along-
8.102 Laem Ao Kham, about 2 miles SSW of Laem Lachan, forms
8.103

side, extends from the shore of the harbor. the W entrance point of a common estuary of several rivers. A
Above Victoria Point, the Pakchan River extends in a general
8.102 hill, 84m high, lies on the point which is the N extremity of a
NNE direction. During the Southwest Monsoon, or rainy season, bold peninsula. Kao Tamchok, a hill which lies about 2 miles S
small power vessels can reach the Thailand town of Kraburi, of the point, is 166m high. Laem Tamchok, about 0.2 mile SW
about 28 miles above Victoria Point where the river is about of the hill, forms the W extremity of the peninsula. This penin-
76.2m wide; above Kraburi the river becomes tortuous. sula is isolated from and considerably W of any other high land
Glong Maliwun flows into the Pakchan River, on the Bur-
8.102 in this vicinity. It is the only readily-identifiable land between
mese side, about 14 miles above Victoria Point. The river is Koh Ra and Ko Phuket.
available to vessels, with a draft of 3.7 to 4m, for about 3 miles Between Laem Tamchok and Laem Pak Phra, about 22 miles
8.103

above the entrance. Higher up, the river becomes narrow and SSE, the coast consists of sandy beaches backed by high wood-
winding, but it can be navigated by power launches as far as ed hills. Trees grow down to the water’s edge in places. The
Maliwun, a small settlement, about 5 miles farther upriver. latter point forms the N entrance of Chong Pak Phra, the strait
Khlong Bangben (9°39'N., 98°29'E.), an extensive shallow
8.102 which separates Ko Phuket from the mainland.
inlet, is entered about 7 miles SE of the S end of Koh Piam. Laem Pak Phra is marked by a group of tall trees. A 61m
8.103

The 2m curve lies over 1 mile offshore, S and W of the N en- high hill lies just within the point. Koh Pilai, a small hill near
trance point. The channel, which lies on the S side of the en- the coast about 2.5 miles N of the point, is the only coastal hill
trance, has depths of 1.8 to 3.7m. between Laem Tamchok and Laem Sai, about 7.5 miles S of
Shong Pianam (9°34'N., 98°28'E.), or the “Entrance of the
8.102 Laem Pak Phra. Ko Pilai is hard to identify.
Three Big Rivers,” an extensive inlet, is entered between Koh Tides—Currents.—During the Northeast Monsoon, the
8.103

Pianam and Laem Tashin, about 0.8 mile S. Koh Pianam, current off the coast between Koh Ra and Laem Tamchok sets
wooded and 228m high, lies about 9 miles SSE of the S end of either N or S. It sets in one direction for a considerable period
Kho Piam. Laem Tashin, a high wooded point, lies about 0.4 and then without any apparent reason, changes its direction.
mile SE of its extremity. The direction does not seem to be related to the wind, as the
8.103

The outer edge of a bar, which has depths of 1.8 to 3.7m, lies
8.102 current often sets N during and after periods of moderate N
3.5 miles W of the entrance. The bottom is sand and mud. winds.
Within the bar the depths in the entrance range from 18.3 to
8.102 Even when opposed by the tidal current, this offshore current
8.103

29.3m. maintains its direction. When the current and tidal current are
The tidal currents attain a rate of 2 to 3 knots at springs in the
8.102 confluent, the resultant current may attain a rate of nearly 2
narrow part of the entrance. In the offing and over the bar, the knots; when in opposition, the rate is usually not more than 1
rate is much less. The N current on the flood is stronger than knot.
the S current on the ebb. Depths—Limitations.—The 40m curve lies about 15.5
8.103

Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in depths of

8.102 miles W of Casuarina Point and about 5 miles W of Laem
9.1 to 16.5m, mud, about 0.5 mile inside the entrance. Tamchok. The inlets and estuaries that intersect the coast N of
Directions.—From a position about 0.5 mile N of Hin
8.102 the latter point are shoal. The coast between Laem Tamchok
Sawai, a vessel should steer 089° for a 91m hill on the N end of and Chong Pak Phra is fairly steep-to, with the 20m curve lying
Koh Pianam. When the summit of Laem Tashin (9°33'N., up to 2 miles offshore.
98°28'E.) bears 132°, course should be altered to that bearing.
When the 212m conical hill at the head of the inlet bears 095°, Middle Island, Perforated Island, and Similan Is-
it should be steered for on that bearing which leads through the land
entrance to the anchorage.
8.104 Middle Island (Koh Tasai) (9°04'N., 97°50'E.),
Casuarina Point to Laem Pak Phra densely wooded and 226m high at its S end, lies about 18 miles
S of Koh Sindarar Tai. A 91m high peak lies near the N end of
8.103 Casuarina Point (9°14'N., 98°21'E.), the E entrance the island, with another peak, slightly lower, between it and the
point of Pak Kura, is low and densely wooded. Takuapa, the W 226m peak. The island is steep-to on all except its E side,
entrance point of Pak Kura, forms the N point of Koh Rah, a where depths of 7m are found about 0.3 off a sandy beach
high densely-wooded island. This island, which is steep-to on about 0.5 mile from the N point of the island.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 285

A rocky shoal, with a depth of 4.2m, lies 0.4 mile S of the is-
8.104 Ko Huyong has been reported to be a good radar target up to
8.105

land. 25 miles.
Middle Island has been reported to be a good radar target up
8.104

to 11 miles. Takua Pa Inlet and Approaches

Perforated Island (Koh Born) (8°51'N., 97°48'E.), wooded
8.104

and topped by two distinct peaks, lies 14 miles S of Middle Is- 8.106 Takua Pa Inlet (9°02'N., 98°18'E.) is the estuary of a
land. The E peak is the highest. The island derives its name large river which flows into the sea through four channels be-
from a hole near the water’s edge in the dips between the two tween the parallels of 9°15'N and 8°52'N.
peaks. The island is steep-to, except N of its W end, where a No recent surveys have been made of Takua Pa and its ap-
8.106

depth of 6.4m is found about 0.2 mile offshore. proaches. Entry should only be attempted by small vessels hav-
The Similan Islands (8°35'N., 97°39'E.), a group of six is-
8.104 ing local knowledge.
lands, extend about 12 miles S from Ko Bangu, the N island, Pak Kura (9°16'N., 98°20'E.), the N entrance of the inlet,
8.106

which lies 12.5 miles SW of Perforated Island. Ko Bangu is lies between the NE end of Koh Ra and Casuarina Point, about
96m high and wooded. Several large prominent boulders lie 2 miles SE. Depths of 11 to 3.7m are found in the channel, with
close off its SE end; a drying rock lies N of its W end. The re- the greater depths being found on the W side. This narrow in-
mainder of the island is steep-to. tricate steep-to channel is the only safe entrance during the
The Similan Islands have been reported to be good radar tar-
8.104 Southwest Monsoon.
gets up to 19 miles. Pak Chik (9°09'N., 98°16'E.), the entrance between the S
8.106

Great Sayer Island (Ko Similan) (8°39'N., 97°39'E.),

8.104 end of Koh Ra and the N end of Ko Phra Thong, is foul and can
wooded and flat-topped, is separated from Ko Bangu by a only be used by small craft with local knowledge.
channel about 0.3 mile wide, with a depth of about 25.6m. The Pak Kruen (9°01'N., 98°15'E.) is entered between the S end
8.106

island is 261m high in its N part. Two well-defined peaks, 157 of Ko Phra Thong and the N end of an unnamed island about 1
and 164m high, lie near the S end of the island. A small cove, mile to the S. Extensive sandbanks, parts of which dry, extend
with a depth of 9.1m, indents the NW end of the island. Some about 1 to 2 miles seaward of the entrance. The entrance bar,
small sandy coves indent the E side of the island. which lies between 2.5 and 3.5 miles W of the entrance, has a
Survey vessels engaged in offshore exploration may be en-
8.104 reported depth of 3m. During the Southwest Monsoon, a heavy
countered S and W of the Similan Islands, usually in depths swell is raised over the bar.
greater than 200m and up to 80 miles from the Thai mainland. Depths of 9.1 to 12.8m are found along the N side of the
8.106

Hin Pusar (8°37'N., 97°39'E.), a group of three above-water

8.104 channel between the entrance points.
detached rocks, lies about 0.5 mile SW of the SW end of Great
Sayer Island. A rock, with a depth of 15.5m, lies about 0.2 mile Pak Koh (8°52'N., 98°15'E.), the S entrance of the inlet, lies
8.106

S of Hin Pusar. 9 miles S of Pak Kruen. The land in the vicinity of the entrance
is densely wooded. The entrance channel leads between sand
8.105 The Center Islands (8°35'N., 97°38'E.) lie between 2 banks which are reported to be stationary. Depths of 4.6 to
and 4 miles S of Great Sayer Island. Ko Pabu, the N island, is 5.5m are found for about 2 miles within the entrance. Small
119m high, conical, wooded, and steep-to, except on its NE vessels with local knowledge can use this entrance only under
side, which is fringed by depths of 3.7m. Ko Miang, the S is- the most favorable conditions.
land, is 128m high, flat-topped, and wooded. A drying rock lies The town of Takua Pa lies about 4 miles above the mouth of
8.106

close off the N end of the island. A small sandy cove, with a a creek which flows into the E side of Pak Koh about 2 miles
depth of 7.3m, indents the NE side of the island. within the entrance.
Two islets lie on a reef about 0.2 mile off the NE end of Ko
8.105 Elbow Point (9°02'N., 98°20'E.) lies on the E side of the in-
8.106

Miang. The intervening channel has a depth of 11.3m. The W let abreast Macauley Point, the SE end of Ko Phra Thong. A
islet is 48m high and wooded. The E islet is 20m high and black beacon off the latter point marks an area of foul ground
rocky. with a depth of 2.7m
Ko Payan (8°31'N., 97°39'E.), a small steep-to bare conical
8.105 Small vessels with local knowledge and drawing up to 3.7m
8.106

rock 42m high, lies 3 miles SSE of Ko Miang. Scrub covers the can anchor about 0.5 mile N of Feather Tree, which lies on the
summit of the rock. N side of Elbow Point. Vessels drawing less than 3.7m can an-
Ko Payan has been reported to be a good radar target up to
8.105 chor on the S side of the inlet about 2 miles S of Elbow Point.
12 miles.
Hin Payan (8°30'N., 97°40'E.), a group of steep-to rocks,
8.105
Pak Ko to Laem Pak Phra
some drying and others above-water, lie about 0.6 mile ESE of
Ko Payan. A detached drying rock lies about 0.2 mile ESE of 8.107 Laem Krangnoi (8°50'N., 98°15'E.) is a low, sandy
the main group. point about 3.5 miles S of Pak Ko. A drying reef extends about
Ko Payang (8°30'N., 97°38'E.), 126m high and wooded, lies
8.105 0.8 mile W from the point.
1 mile SW of Ko Payan. The intervening channel has depths of Laem Krangyai (8°44'N., 98°14'E.), about 4.5 miles SSW
8.107

7.3 to 11m. of Laem Krangnoi and backed by high trees, is another low,
Ko Huyong (South Island) (8°29'N., 97°39'E.), wooded and
8.105 sandy point. A drying coral reef surrounds the point and ex-
topped by two rounded peaks, lies 0.5 mile S of Ko Payang. tends about 0.8 mile N and S, and 2 miles W from it.
The island is steep-to except on its NE side, which is reef- Klong Kokak (8°41'N., 98°15'E.), small river, intersects the
8.107

fringed. coast about 3.8 miles SSE of Laem Krangyai. A village with

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286 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

some tin mines in the vicinity is so close within the entrance structure, 10.1m high, situated at the N end of Laem Ao Kham.
that the lights in the village are sometimes visible from sea- A middle ground, with a least depth of 3.7m, lies on a bar
8.108

ward. about 0.8 mile within the entrance. A channel extends along
Krung Nork, a detached drying reef, lies about 1 mile off the
8.107 the NE side of the peninsula for about 1 mile; from there the
entrance of the Klong Kokak. The coast close inshore between bar can be crossed in a depth of 5.2m. Depths of 5.5 to 8.2m
this reef and Laem Lachan, about 3 miles to the S, is foul. are then found in mid-channel up to a position about 3 miles
Ao Kaulak (8°36'N., 98°15'E.), an open bay, indents the
8.107 above the entrance, where the river bifurcates.
coast between Laem Lachan and a point about 3 miles to the S. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a depth of
8.108

Laem Ao Kham forms the S entrance point of this bay. A reef, 11m, mud, about 0.5 mile inside the entrance.
which dries in places, extends about 0.5 mile W from a sandy The entrance should be approached on a course of 135° in
8.108

point about 1 mile SSE of Laem Lachan and divides the bay in- order to pass S of the previously-mentioned 3.7m rock. A
to two parts. A rock, 3.7m high, lies near the outer part of this course of 190° should then be steered so as to pass not more
reef. Foul ground extends 1 mile offshore in the bight N of the than 183m off the E extremity of the peninsula forming the W
reef and 0.8 mile offshore S of the reef. side of the entrance.
Between Laem Tamchok and Laem Pak Phra, about 22 miles
8.108

8.108 Klong Bagatae (8°35'N., 98°14'E.) flows into the S SSE, the depths gradually decrease from seaward to depths of
part of Ao Kaulak and serves as the common estuary of several 11 to 14.6m about 0.5 mile offshore. This coast should be giv-
small rivers. Laem Ao Kham is the N extremity of the peninsu- en a berth of at least 3 miles as it has not been closely exam-
la which forms the W side of the estuary. The entrance is about ined.
0.5 mile wide, but narrows to a width of 0.2 mile between the Ko Lumphuk (8°19'N., 98°16'E.), a group of rocks about
8.108

6m curve. 1.8m high, lies about 0.5 mile offshore 7.5 miles N of Laem
Ban Tablamu Light is shown from a white three-legged
8.108 Pak Phra. Two smaller rocks lie about 0.5 mile N of the group.

Pub. 173
 287
9.
Sector 9—The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

9.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 9 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 289

SECTOR 9
THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS AND THE NICOBAR ISLANDS

Plan.—This sector describes Preparis Island, the Coco Is-

9.0 through mid-December. The rainfall is variable both as to sea-
lands, the Andaman Islands, and the Nicobar Islands. The de- sons and to geographical positions. In the N part of the Anda-
scriptive sequence is from N to S, and from W to E. man Islands, heavy rainfall (over 250mm per month) falls from
June through September. More moderate amounts (125 to
General Remarks 225mm per month) occur in May, October, and November. The
months of December through April are relatively dry. In the S
9.1 A chain of islands, divided into four groups by well- part of the Andaman Islands, the heaviest rainfall occurs from
defined channels, stretches in a vast ellipse between Pagoda May through early November. More moderate amounts fall
Point (15°57'N., 94°15'E.) and the N end of Sumatera, about from early November through December, and relatively small
630 miles to the S. The principal channels leading through the amounts from January through April.
groups consist of Preparis North Channel, between Preparis Is- 9.1In the Nicobar Islands, heavy rains occur from May through
land and Alguada Reef; Preparis South Channel, between Pre- November. More moderate amounts occur from December
paris Island and the furthest N of the Coco Islands; Coco through mid-January, and relatively small amounts from Janu-
Channel, between the S island of the Andaman Islands; and ary through April.
Ten Degree Channel, between the furthest S of the Andaman 9.1As a rule, the islands with the higher elevation receive the
Islands and the furthest N of the Nicobar Islands. greatest amount of rain.
9.1Vessels bound from Calcutta or Madras to Rangoon usually 9.1Thunderstorm frequency varies from island to island. The
pass through Preparis North Channel. greatest activity occurs during those months immediately pre-
9.1The track from Calcutta to Singapore leads through Preparis ceding and the first few weeks immediately following the onset
South Channel, well N of Table Island. Vessels often use this of the Southwest Monsoon. Thunderstorms occur most fre-
channel during the Southwest Monsoon in order to pass E of quently during May and June at Port Blair, when about 4 to 6
and to the leeward of the Andaman Islands. Vessels should days per month have them. In November, thunderstorms occur
keep well N of Table Island because of the irregularity of the on the average of 3 days per month at this port.
soundings in the vicinity of that island and the strong tidal cur- 9.1The cloud cover is more uniform, with cloud amounts in-
rents. Vessels passing E of Table Island should keep in depths creasing from N to S. During the Southwest Monsoon, there is
of more than 91.1m. little diurnal variation in cloud cover. During the remainder of
9.1Vessels passing through Coco Channel should pass at least 5 the year the cloud cover is more extensive in the afternoons.
miles S of Little Coco Island and at least 4 miles N of Landfall The cloudiest months are June through September. During
Island. these months the cloud coverage amounts to 70 to 80 per cent,
9.1During the Northeast Monsoon, the banks off the W side of with few clear days. February and March are the months with
the Andaman Islands may be passed over by vessels of light least cloud coverage. During these months there is 30 to 40 per
draft. Vessels of deep draft should not cross the shallower cent coverage in the N and 50 to 60 per cent coverage in the S.
parts. Navigation inside the banks to within 3 miles of the land 9.1The visibility is good except during heavy rains.
is safe, except on the W side of North Andaman Island, to 9.1Tides—Currents.—The currents in the vicinity of Alguada
which a berth of 6 miles should be given. Reefs are greatly influenced by the winds, especially at neaps.
9.1Winds—Weather.—The Southwest Monsoon commences The tidal currents set SE on the rising tide and NW on the fall-
in the Nicobar Islands about mid-May and rapidly extends over ing tide. During the Northeast Monsoon, the ebb current at
the Andaman Islands. From June through September the wind springs begins about 2 hours after HW, and runs until LW, at a
blows from the W through SW at Force 4 to 6. During the rate of 1 knot to 2 knots. The period of slack water is very
months of October and November, the winds are variable with short.
Force 1 to 3. The Northeast Monsoon prevails from December 9.1Tide rips have been reported in a position about 19 miles W
through March, the prevailing wind is between N and E at of Alguada Reefs.
Force 2 to 4. During the months of April and early May the 9.1The tidal currents in Preparis North Channel appear to set SE
winds are variable with Force 1 to 3. on the rising tide and NW on the falling tide. During the North-
9.1During the months immediately preceding and following the east Monsoon, there is a strong S current of 1 to 1.5 knots,
Southwest Monsoon, these island groups lie athwart or close to which at neaps entirely overcomes the NW tidal currents. A N
the tracks of the tropical disturbances of the Bay of Bengal. current of 0.5 to 0.8 knot has been experienced. The S current
9.1The temperatures are relatively high, with little variation has a rate of about 2 knots.
from one place to another or between one month and the next. 9.1The tidal currents in South Preparis Channel in the vicinity
The humidity is high at all times. The mean daily temperature of Table Island are strong and often set toward the rocks.
is 27°C; the mean daily minimum temperature is 21°C. 9.1The tidal currents set very strongly through Marshall Chan-
9.1Heavy rains, with a yearly average of 3,200mm, occur in nel and heavy tide races occur. The rate is upwards of 5 knots
these island groups. Rains occur on the W slopes from mid- in the fairway and about 2 knots past the N and S ends of Little
May through September, and on the east slopes from October Coco Island.

Pub. 173
290 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

9.1The tidal currents in the vicinity of the Coco Islands set E on land.
the rising tide and W on the falling tide. In settled weather, the A 12.2m high pinnacle rock lies on a reef about 4 miles SW
9.2

tidal currents appear to turn at HW and LW. Heavy tide races of the S end of Preparis Island. A 1.8m high rock lies on a reef
are found off all salient points. about 0.5 mile S of this reef.
9.1The tidal currents in Coco Channel, during settled weather, Several coral heads, with depths of 3.7m and less, lie within
9.2

are regular, the current setting E on the rising tide and W on the 1.3 miles of the SE side of Preparis Island. A rock, awash, lies
falling tide, at rates of 1 knot to 2 knots at springs. Strong about 0.8 mile S of the N end of the island and 0.3 mile off-
winds influence the tidal currents at times, even reducing them. shore. A pinnacle rock, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies 1.8
During the Northeast Monsoon, the current frequently sets NW miles E of the N end of the island.
through Coco Channel, but during the Southwest Monsoon the During the Southwest Monsoon, anchorage can be taken off
9.2

set is mostly to the E. Tide rips occur in the vicinity of all shoal the E side of Preparis Island, in depths of 21.9 to 25.6m.
water in Coco Channel. During the Northeast Monsoon, anchorage can be taken on the
9.1The tidal currents during the Northeast Monsoon set SW and opposite side of the island.
S along both the E and W coasts of the Andaman Islands. Preparis North Channel (15°22'N., 93°48'E.), deep and
9.2

During the Southwest Monsoon the set is N to E. clear in its central part, lies between Preparis Island and Algua-
9.1In light breezes and fine weather, the tidal currents set E and da Reef, about 55 miles to the NNE. Thalia Shoal (15°15'N.,
W into Duncan Passage, but sometimes a current caused by the 93°48'E.), with a least depth of 18.3m, lies about 21.5 miles
prevailing winds sets through it. NNE of the N end of Preparis Island. Irregular depths surround
9.1Within a few miles of the Nicobar Islands, the tidal currents this shoal.
usually set NE on the rising tide and SW on the falling tide. Alguada Reef, Hugh Rose Rock, and the dangers which lie
9.2

The tidal currents attain a rate of 3 to 4 knots in the channels between Hugh Rose Rock and the Bassein River Entrance to
between the islands. Well offshore of these islands, the currents the NE have been previously described in paragraph 8.5.
usually set with the prevailing wind. The rate, at times about 2 Preparis South Channel (14°28'N., 93°33'E.), which lies
9.2

knots, and direction are variable. Heavy overfalls were report- between Preparis Islands and the Coco Islands to the S, has
ed in a position about 110 miles WSW of the S end of Great depths of 200 to 275m and a width of 34 miles between the
Nicobar Island. dangers on either side.
9.1The currents in the vicinity of Car Nicobar Island flow rapid- A radar conspicuous wreck, stranded in 1980, lies at the W
9.2

ly enough to cause tide races, particularly N of the island. side of the islet 2.5 miles W of the S end of Preparis Island.
During the month of February, usually a calm month, from a Caution.—Less water than charted has been reported to lie
9.2

position about 6 to 8 miles E of the island, a current setting SW Preparis Island has been reported to lie about 3.5 miles W of its
at a rate of 7 knots has been experienced about 1.5 hours after charted position. All of the Andaman Islands have been report-
HW. ed to lie 1.3 miles of their charted positions.
9.1The tidal currents in the vicinity of Chowra Island set NE Preparis South Channel is dangerous to diving submarines,
9.2

during the rising tide and SW during the falling tide. because sunken mines may still exist in this area.
9.1The tidal currents in Sombrero Channel set NW on the rising
tide and SE on the falling tide. These currents are reported to The Coco Islands—Coco Channel
attain a rate of 5 knots at springs.
9.1The tidal currents in St. Georges Channel are strong and set 9.3 The Coco Islands consist of Table Island, Great Coco
NE through the channel on the rising tide, and SW through the Island, and Little Coco Island.
channel on the falling tide. 9.3Table Island (14°11'N., 93°23'E.), which is densely wooded
9.1Caution.—Although the shoals off the N end of the Anda- on all except its SW side, appears as a flat, level surface with
man Islands have been examined, there is a possibility that steep-to sides on all bearings. The island has been reported to
depths less than those charted may exist. Vessels are advised be a good radar target up to 16 miles.
not to pass over them because these shoals are not always visi- 9.3Slipper Island (14°11'N., 93°22'E.), 34m high and grass
ble from aloft. covered, lies about 0.2 mile NW of the NW end of Table Is-
9.1The Andaman Islands lie on fault line, but no earthquakes land. The two islands are connected by a drying reef with a
have been reported in recent years. steppingstone causeway on it. A few trees lie near the summit
of the island; a remarkable pillar rock lies near its W extremity.
Preparis Island Foul ground extends 0.3 mile W and N from Slipper Island,
and depths of 9.1m extend 0.8 mile NW from the island with
9.2 Preparis Island (14°53'N., 93°42'E.), 81m high, nar- depths of 3.7 and 5.5m over the outer end.
row, and wooded, slopes gradually to the sea. A shoal spit ex- 9.3Numerous rocks and shoals, the positions of which may best
tends about 3.5 miles S from the S end of this island. Preparis be seen on the chart, lie off Table Island in depths of less than
Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 24 18.3m. A detached 11.9m patch lies about 1.3 miles NE of the
miles and has been reported to be identifiable with charted fea- island, and irregular depths, which cause tide rips, extend about
tures by radar up to 22 miles. 4.5 miles NE from the island.
9.2Cow and Calf Islets (14°57'N., 93°43'E.), flat-topped, three 9.3During the Northeast Monsoon, anchorage can be taken
in number, and about 23m high, lie close together about 1.8 about 0.3 mile offshore in Table Bay, on the SW side of Table
miles N of Preparis Island. Island, in a depth of 18.3m, rock, with the lighthouse bearing
9.2Some islets lie on a reef about 1.3 miles W of Preparis Is- 012°. When anchoring, care is necessary neither to be too close

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 291

to the reef, nor to far out where the currents are strong. Patch, with a least depth of 12.8m or less, lies 1.5 miles SSE of
9.3During the Southwest Monsoon, anchorage can be taken Daphne Rock.
about 0.4 mile off the N side of the island, in depths of 16.5 to During E winds, sheltered anchorage can be taken, in depths
9.4

21.9m, sand and rock, with the lighthouse bearing 180°. This of 16.5 to 21.9m, sand and mud, in Lambert Bay on the W side
anchorage is exposed. of the island. The bottom on the E side of the island is rocky
9.3In Table Bay, a small, short jetty extends from the shore and foul.
close S of the lighthouse. The channel approach to this jetty is Coco Channel (13°47'N., 93°12'E.), which separates Little
9.4

marked by a white square board in line with the E white- Coco Island from the Andaman Islands to the S, is wide and
washed gate of the lighthouse fence. deep. The S side of the channel has irregular depths over a cor-
9.3The landing place on the N side of the island is approached al bottom. A 18.3m patch, which is marked by a heavy sea
through a channel, about 91.5m wide at its outer end, and 46m during strong winds, lies 13 miles SSW of Little Coco Island.
at its inner end. Iron stakes mark the reefs on either side.
9.3Marshall Channel (14°10'N., 93°22'E.), which lies between The Andaman Islands
Table Island and Great Coco Island to the S, has depths of 9.1
to 18.3m in the fairway seaward of the fringing reefs. Strong 9.5 Landfall Island (13°39'N., 93°02'E.), 79m high in its
currents set through this channel. N part, is fringed by a reef which extends up to 0.5 mile off-
shore in places. Landfall Rocks, 12.8m high, lie on the reef
The Coco Islands—Table Island fringing the S end of the island.
9.5East Island lies 0.8 mile E of Landfall Island. The interven-
9.4 Great Coco Island (14°06'N., 93°23'E.), densely ing channel has a least depth 5.5m and provides anchorage to
wooded and steep on its W side, slopes gradually to the sea on small craft. The anchorage is approached from the S. East Is-
its E side. There are no off-lying dangers, but rocky foul land Light is shown from a white, round metal tower with red
ground extends 0.3 mile from its N end and 0.4 mile from its bands standing on the S summit of East Island; a racon is situ-
NW end. ated at the light.
9.4Great Coco Island has been reported to be a good radar target 9.5Channel Islet, a 29m high rock, lies 0.3 mile off the E side of
up to 23 miles. Landfall Island near the edge of the reef which fringes that is-
9.4Caution.—An explosives dumping ground area, best seen land.
on the chart, lies about 25 miles ENE of Great Coco Island. 9.5Hickman Shoal (13°42'N., 93°59'E.), which consists of two
small patches, lies about 2 miles N of the NW end of Landfall
9.4Pollock Bay (14°09'N., 93°23'E.) lies between the N point Island. The patches have a least depth of 8.2m. Several patches,
of the island and Pechee Point, about 1 mile to the SE. This lat- with depths of 5 to 10.1m, lie between Hickman Shoal and
ter point consists of a 46m high bluff topped by a few trees. Landfall Island. Shoals, with depths of less than 9.1m, lie with-
The outer part of the bay has depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, whereas its in 2 miles NW of the N end of the island.
inner part is fouled by rocky reefs. Binnacle Rock, 4m high, 9.5Ranger Reef (13°39'N., 93°07'E.), with a least depth of
lies on the outer edge of this reef. 1.8m, lies 2 miles E of the N end of East Island. Two 9.1m
9.4Ford Bay (14°08'N., 93°23'E.), entered S of Pechee Point, patches lie within 0.8 mile N of Ranger Reef. In heavy weath-
has depths of 9.1 to 18.3m in its outer part, but shoals rapidly er, the reef is marked by breakers, but at other times it is diffi-
in its inner part. Rat Islet, 38m high and wooded, lies in the S cult to identify.
part of the bay about 1 mile S of Pechee Point.
9.4Anchorage can be taken in the outer part of Ford Bay, in 9.6 Jackson Ledge (13°39'N., 93°08'E.), with a least
depths of 12.8 to 18.3m, about 0.7 mile N of Rat Islet. Shelter depth of 3.2m, lies about 3.3 miles E of the NE end of East Is-
is provided against strong W winds. land and is marked by tide rips. An 11m detached patch lies 3
9.4Jerry Island (14°03'N., 93°22'E.), 30m high, is connected to miles ESE of the ledge. An 8.4m patch lies 2.5 miles NE of the
the S end of Great Coco Island by a reef. Rocky ground, with ledge.
uneven depths, extends about 2 miles S from Jerry Island. 9.6The Andaman Islands, a group of 204 islands, islets and rocks,
9.4Little Coco Island (14°00'N., 93°14'E.), densely wooded lie between the parallels of 10°30'N and 13°40'N and the meridi-
and fairly high, is separated from Great Coco Island and Jerry ans of 92°11'E and 94°13'E. The principal islands consist of
Island by Alexander Channel. This channel is free of dangers North Andaman Island, South Andaman Island, Middle Anda-
in the fairway, but strong currents and tide rips are encoun- man Island, Baratang Island, and Rutland Island. Little Anda-
tered. Vessels using this channel should give the S end of Jerry man Island lies about 30 miles farther S. These islands are
Island a berth of at least 3 miles. known as Great Andaman. North Andaman Island and Little An-
9.4Irregular depths extend about 1.8 miles N, and foul, uneven daman Island have been reported to be good radar targets at dis-
ground extends about 4 miles S from Little Coco Island. tances up to 18 miles. South Andaman Island has been reported
9.4Investigator Patch (13°57'N., 93°16'E.), an area of shoal to be a good radar target at distances up to 17 miles.
rocky ground with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 2 miles 9.6The principal groups of small islands consist of the Richie's
ESE of the S end of the island. Rocks, some of which are Archipelago, off the E side of Baratang Island, and the Laby-
awash, lie on the foul ground which extends 4 miles S from the rinth Islands, off the SW coast of South Andaman Island. The
end of the island. Middle Rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, principal off-lying islands are North Sentinel Island, Barren Is-
lies 2 miles S of the above end of the island. Daphne Rock, land, and Narcondam Island. The latter island is an extinct vol-
with a least depth of 5m or less, lies 0.5 mile farther S. South cano which lies 70 miles E of the main group.

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292 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

The Andaman Islands consist of a mass of very high hills en-

9.6 land.
closing very narrow valleys. Most of the islands are covered 9.8Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 18.3m, 0.5 mile off the
with dense tropical growth. E side of the North Sentinel Island with its NE point bearing
The shores of the islands are deeply indented, forming a
9.6 283°. Sunken dangers exist S of this fair weather anchorage.
number of harbors, some of which are very spacious. The prin- 9.8In fair weather, small vessels with local knowledge can an-
cipal ports or harbors on the W coasts of the islands consist of chor, in a depth of 21.9m, about 0.5 mile off an entrance
Temple Sound, Port Anson, Port Campbell, Port Mouat, and through the reef which lies close E of a small islet on the S side
Macpherson Strait. Those which indent the E coasts consist of of the island. This anchorage lies about 0.8 mile W of Con-
Port Cornwallis, Stewart Sound, Elphinstone Harbour, Cole- stance Islet.
brook Passage, Port Meadows, and Port Blair. The latter port is 9.8Caution.—A 5-mile prohibited zone surrounds North Senti-
the administrative center for the whole group. nel Island. The island is inhabited by a no-contact indigenous
peoples who have been known to attack and kill anyone land-
9.7 The reefs and dangers off the W coasts of the Anda- ing on the island. This includes two fishermen in 2006 and one
man Islands are more extensive than those off the E coast and missionary in 2018.
extend in places up to 21 miles offshore.
9.7The surf breaks a considerable distance offshore on the E 9.8South Sentinel Island (10°58'N., 92°14'E.), 44m high to the
coast of the Andaman Islands because of the rocky ledges and tops of the trees and level topped, lies 15 miles NW of Little
foul ground which fringe these shores. Andaman Island. Its appearance is much the same on all bear-
9.7West Coral Bank, Middle Bank, and South Bank, composed ings. A bank, as defined by the 36m curve, surrounds the island
of coral and sand, lie off the W side of the Andaman Islands. and extends about 6 miles NW from it. Considerable depths ex-
The water over them is very clear and judging from the appear- ist in the channel between this island and Little Andaman Is-
ance of the bottom, it seems probable that rollers break on land.
Middle Bank during the Southwest Monsoon but not on the 9.8Anchorage can be taken off the W side of South Sentinel Is-
others. The 183m curve passes close W of these banks, and the land with its center bearing 101°, distant 0.9 mile. Anchorage
increase of swell usually indicates their general location. can also be taken off the E side of the island, with its center
9.7West Coral Bank (13°13'N., 93°31'E.), the N of these banks, bearing 281°, distant 0.9 mile.
lies between 15 and 23 miles W of North Andaman Island. A 9.8Narcondam Island (13°26'N., 94°17'E.), an extinct volcano
least depth of 11m lies on the N part of the bank about 14 miles 710m high, lies about 74 miles E of the N end of North Anda-
NW of North Reef Island (13°05'N., 92°43'E.). man Island. Its summit is shaped like a truncated cone. Barata
9.7Middle Bank (12°32'N., 92°25'E.) has a least depth of 6.8m, Bay on the E side of the island can be identified by a grove of
which lies about 38 miles SSW of North Reef Island. palm trees. A light is shown from a white framework tower on
9.7South Bank (12°16'N., 92°26'E.), about 8 miles in extent, the NW side of the island; the visible sector bears between
lies about 18 miles SW of Flat Island (12°32'N., 92°41'E.). 058° and 179°.
The central part of the bank has a least depth of 11m. 9.8Narcondam Island has been reported to be a good radar tar-
9.7Dalrymple Bank (10°31'N., 92°14'E.), about 7 miles in ex- get up to 27 miles.
tent and almost circular in shape, lies centered about 9 miles W 9.8In 1946, and subsequently through 1984, the island has been
of the SW end of Little Andaman Island. The depths near the reported to lie 2.3 miles farther W than charted.
center range from 10.1 to 16.5m, but elsewhere they range
from 20.1 to 36.6m. Heavy rollers mark this bank during the 9.9 Barren Island (12°16'N., 93°51'E.), 353m high with
Southwest Monsoon. densely-wooded cliffs rising sheer from the sea, lies about 72
9.7In 1951, an 11m patch was reported to lie about 23 miles miles SSW of Narcondam Island. The outer slopes of the cra-
WSW of the SW end of Little Andaman Island. ter, which lies in the center of the island, is covered with foli-
9.7Invisible Bank (11°10'N., 93°31'E.), about 37 miles long age. The interior of the crater is visible through a gap on its W
and 9 miles wide, lies centered about 46 miles E of the Cinque side. A thin column of steam rises from a sulfur bed on the cra-
Islands (11°17'N., 92°43'E.). Flat Rock, 27m in diameter and ter side and near the summit. No known dangers exist within
awash, lies near the center which is the shallowest part of the 0.5 mile of the island.
bank. 9.9Barren Island has been reported to be a good radar target up
to 24 miles.
9.8 North Sentinel Island (11°33'N., 92°14'E.), separat- 9.9Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 27.4m, about 0.2 mile
ed from the Labyrinth Islands by a wide, deep channel, is 122m off a beach on the SW side of the island. The currents were re-
high, densely wooded, and has a level ridge which slopes to the ported to set SE at a rate of 2.5 knots at half tide at this anchor-
low NW point. Depths of 42.1 to 95.1m are found in this chan- age.
nel. 9.9The tidal currents in Cleugh Passage, between Landfall Is-
9.8North Sentinel Island has been reported to be a good radar land and North Andaman Island, set about ESE on the rising
target up to 13 miles. tide and WNW on the falling tide. The rate at springs is about
9.8No dangers, except those S of the anchorage, exist outside 1.5 knots. Tide rips occur throughout the passage.
the reef which extends between 0.5 and 0.8 mile from the shore 9.9The current off the seaward side of the Labyrinth Islands,
around the island. A dangerous wreck lies about 2.5 miles W of which are located off the SW side of South Andaman Island,
the S part of the island. Constance Islet, 12m high, is the larg- sets S, but it occasionally reverses its direction for periods of
est of four islets which lie on this reef off the SE point of the is- about 24 hours.

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 293

9.9The tidal currents in Macpherson Strait, between Little An- 23 miles S of Cape Price. Saddle Hill, 731m high, lies 2.8 miles
daman Island and Rutland Island, set E on the rising tide, and S of Saddle North Peak and has a rounded summit. The peak and
W on the falling tide, turning at about the times of high and the hill are covered with vegetation and appear saddle-shaped
LW. The tidal currents are strong only in the narrows NE of Ri- when viewed from the W or E.
fleman Island. Several conspicuous hills lie near the W coast of the island.
9.11

9.9The tidal currents in Diligent Strait, between the Ritchie's Brown’s Hill, 91m high, lies 1 mile SE of Cape Thornhill. Jes-
Archipelago and Baratang Island, are weak, but with strong S sop Hill, 134m high, lies on a point at the head of Hudson Bay
winds there is probably a considerable N set in the narrowest about 15 miles SSW of the same cape. Lewis Hill, 110m high,
part of the strait between Wilson Island and Strait Island. lies on a peninsula separating the above bay from Casuarina
Bay about 1.3 miles S of Jessop Hill. All of the above hills
Cleugh Passage have twin summits.
Between Cape Thornhill and Bluff Point, about 4.5 miles SW,
9.11

9.10 Cape Price (13°35'N., 93°02'E.), the N end of North the coast is somewhat indented and lined with mangroves. The
Andaman Island, is densely wooded and slopes gradually to latter bold, cliffy point is 70m high, has an irregular summit, and
the sea. The S shore of Cleugh Passage, between Cape Price appears as three peaks when viewed from the SSW.
and Cape Thornhill, about 7 miles WSW, is indented, densely Thornhill Island (13°32'N., 92°55'E.), 77m high, is separat-
9.11

wooded, and fringed by mangroves in places. ed from Cape Thornhill by a narrow shallow channel.
Cleugh Passage (13°36'N., 93°02'E.), which separates
9.10 White Cliff Island (13°32'N., 92°53'E.), 33m high, lies 1.5
9.11

Landfall Island and East Island from North Andaman Island, is miles W of Thornhill Island. Cliffs, 20m high and dark-col-
available to vessels with local knowledge. Passage through it is ored, back the N end of the island.
not recommended because of the strong currents and lack of Reef Island (13°30'N., 92°53'E.) is 5.5m high to the tops of
9.11

navigational aids. Depths in the fairway range from 20.1 to the trees. Shoal ground, as defined by the 6m curve, extends al-
56.7m, but patches of less than 18.3m are numerous. Patches, most 1 mile WSW from the SW point of the island. Irregular
with depths of 9.1 and 10.5m, lie 1 and 2 miles ESE of Passage depths of less than 18.3m lie up to 1.3 miles farther WSW.
Rock. Temple Sound (13°25'N., 92°51'E.) lies between Shearme
9.11

Cleugh Rocks (13°37'N., 92°58'E.), about 1.5 miles SSW of

9.10 Island on the E, and Paget Island and Point Island on the N and
the SW end of Landfall Island, lie on a reef, the W part of W. Shearme Island is 57m high and, except in the narrow chan-
which dries 1.8m. nel separating it from the mainland to the E, is fringed by a
Passage Rock (13°36'N., 93°00'E.) awash, steep-to and
9.10 drying reef. Oldham Rocks, 3m high, lie about 0.5 mile NNE
marked by breakers, lies about 0.5 mile SE of Cleugh Rocks of the NW point of Shearme Island; Sugar Loaf, a prominent
and almost in mid-channel. conical rock, 27m high, lies about 1.5 miles SSW of the SW
Wedge Rock, about 1.8m high and fringed by a drying reef,
9.10 end of Shearme Island and on the SE side of the entrance of the
lies 1.5 miles WNW of Cape Price. A shoal, with depths of 4.6 sound.
to 8.2m, lies 1 mile W of Wedge Rock. A 0.9m high rock, sur-
rounded by depths of less than 9.1m, lies 0.5 mile S of this 9.12 Paget Island (13°26'N., 92°50'E.), about 0.8 mile
shoal about 2.7 miles W of Cape Price. NW of the NW end of Shearme Island, is 76m high to the tops
One Fathom Patch (13°36'N., 93°02'E.), which breaks in
9.10 of the trees and fringed by a drying reef on all except part of its
heavy weather, has a least depth of 1.8m and lies 0.6 mile N of E side. A spit, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 0.8
Cape Price. Depths of 6.4 to 11.9m lie between this danger and mile N from its NE point. Cliffs, about 30m high, line the SE
Cape Price. A 5m patch lies about 0.5 mile W of the Cape. side of Paget Island.
West Island (13°36'N., 93°54'E.), 53m high, reef-fringed,
9.10 Point Island (13°24'N., 92°50'E.), about 0.5 mile SW of
9.12

and densely wooded, lies in the W approach to Cleugh Pas- Paget Island, is tree-covered. A drying reef almost surrounds
sage, about 3.5 miles NNW of Cape Thornhill. Depths of less the island and extends about 0.3 mile from its N and SW sides.
than 9.1m lie up to 0.5 mile off the island. Several patches, A least depth of 6.4m exists in the fairway of the channel sepa-
with depths of 7.3 to 8.7m lie between West Island and Wedge rating Paget Island and Point Island.
Rock. In the N approach to Temple Sound, between Paget Island to
9.12

the W and the coast between Bluff Point and Shearme Island to
North Andaman Island—West Coast the E, there are several rocks, awash and sunken, and some
shoals, the positions of which may best be seen on the chart.
9.11 Between Cape Thornhill (13°32'N., 92°56'E.), and In the S approach, Bolton Shoal, which lies almost in mid-
9.12

Shark Islet, about 22 miles SSW, the coast is backed some dis- channel between the S end of Point Island, and Sugar loaf
tance inland by many conspicuous summits. Rock, about 2.5 miles SSE, has a least depth of 9.1m.
Taylor Hill (13°27'N., 92°54'E.) about 6.3 miles SSE of Cape
9.11 A bank, on which the depths are less than 18.3m, extends al-
9.12

Thornhill, is a long ill-defined summit, 196m high. Doyly Peak, most 1 mile SSE from the S end of Point Island and almost
159m high and pointed, lies 8 miles S of the same cape. Tasou joins Bolton Shoal.
Hill, 240m high and having three summits of nearly equal height Anchorage, sheltered from all except SW winds, can be tak-
9.12

with only a slight dip between them, rises 6.5 miles farther SSW. en, in depths of 18.3 to 21.9m, mud and sand, in the middle of
Tadikelly Hill, 335m high, a sharp ridge with its peak at its S the sound about midway between Shearme Island and Point Is-
end, lies 8 miles S of Doyly Hill. Saddle North Peak, 686m high land. Small vessels can anchor, in a depth of 14.6m, about 0.3
and having a flat top with a sharp peak at its N end, rises about mile W of Oldham Rocks.

Pub. 173
294 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

The depths in Temple Sound are very irregular and caution is

9.12 Andaman Island. The water at the entrance is muddy and irreg-
advised both when entering and when anchoring. ular depths exist over a rocky bottom. Port Andaman leads N to
The coast between Point Stuart (13°22'N., 92°51'E.) and the
9.12 Interview Passage, which lies between Interview Island to the
W entrance of Austen Strait, about 29 miles to the S, is very ir- W and Anderson Island and Bennett Island to the E. This area
regular and fronted by numerous islets, rocks and shoals. Hud- is dangerous and should be avoided.
son Bay, entered about 5 miles S of Point Stuart and Casuarina Buchanan Passage, which lies between Anderson Island and
9.14

Bay, 3 miles farther S, are both shallow and exposed to the W the mainland, is foul.
wind and seas. Rocky Point, the extremity of a promontory, lies about 4.5
9.14

Mackey Bank (13°20'N., 92°46'E.), with a least depth of

9.12 miles SSW of Tuft Island. Hump Island lies about 3 miles S of
7.3m, lies about 6 miles SW of Point Island. Vessels should Tuft Island and Flat Island lies about 6 miles farther S.
give this bank a wide berth when passing. A shoal, with a least depth of 11m, lies 2.5 miles W of
9.14

Shark Island (13°12'N., 92°46'E.), about 12.3 miles SSW of

9.12 Rocky Point.
the same island, is sandy and covered with bushes about 6.1m
high. A rocky reef surrounds this island. Vessels should give Andaman Strait—West Entrance
this island a wide berth when passing.
9.15 The W entrance of Andaman Strait, which separates
9.13 North Reef Island (13°05'N., 92°43'E.), low, flat, Middle Andaman Island from South Andaman Island, is divid-
wooded, and marshy, lies 6.5 miles SSW of Shark Island. A ed into two channels by Spike Island. Fairly deep water exists
reef extends about 2 miles S from the S end of the island. in the outer part of the main entrance which lies N of the latter
Latouche Island (13°05'N., 92°43'E.) lies close off the NE
9.13 island. The channel is entered between the W entrance point of
point of North Reef Island. A spit extends about 0.3 mile S Foul Bay and Breaker Point, the NW end of Spike Island. The
from Latouche Island. A 3.7m patch lies about 1.5 miles SE of channel abreast Foul Bay is about 0.4 mile wide between the
the E end of North Reef Island. shoals on either side, but narrows to a width of 0.2 mile be-
Interview Island (12°55'N., 92°42'E.) lies 4.5 miles S of the
9.13 tween the reef extending from Steep Point, the NE end of Spike
S end of North Reef Island. The island is low at its N end, but Island and Brook Point to the N.
rises gradually to a height of 113m. The highest part of the is- Andaman Strait bifurcates about 0.5 mile E of Steep Point.
9.15

land is a wooded plateau. A rocky pinnacle, 7m high, lies close Homfray Strait, the N channel, separates Middle Andaman Is-
off a cliff on the S end of the island. Foul ground extends about land from Baratang Island. The S channel, which separates the
2 miles NNE from the island. A light is shown from the W side latter island from South Andaman Island, retains the name of
of the island. Andaman Strait. That part of the channel between Spike Island
South Reef Island (12°47'N., 92°40'E.) lies about 1 mile
9.13 to the W and Stoat Island, Mangrove Island, and Talakaicha Is-
SW of Interview Island on a stony spit, as defined by the 6m land, to the E, is known as Port Anson.
curve, that extends about 3 miles S from that island. The S part of the W entrance of Andaman Strait, between
9.15

Anchorage.—Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in

9.13 Spike Island and the N end of South Andaman Island, about
depths of 11.8 to 16.4m, about 2 miles E of the S end of North 0.3 mile SW, is fairly deep. This narrow, intricate channel is
Reef Island. Care should be taken to avoid the shoal patches considered to be dangerous.
which lie 1.5 and 2 miles ENE of the S end of the island. Ves-
sels approaching from the NW should round Shark Island Port Anson—Approaches
about 0.5 mile off in order to avoid a 6.4m shoal which lies 1.5
miles N of that island. 9.16 Foul Bay (12°19'N., 92°42'E.), on the N side of the
main entrance of Andaman Strait, is fouled by reefs. The coast
9.14 Austen Strait (12°53'N., 92°48'E.), which separates between this bay and Brooke Point, about 1.8 miles SSE, is
North Andaman Island from Middle Andaman Island, is shoal fringed by a reef which extends about 0.3 mile offshore in plac-
and can only be used by boats. The shallowest parts are over es. Brooke Point rises to a rounded knoll, 96m high, close N of
the bars at either entrance. The W entrance, which lies about its extremity.
8.5 miles SE of the N end of Interview Island, is approached Foul ground extends almost 1 mile S from the W point of
9.16

through Interview Sound which lies between the N part of In- Foul Bay. A rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies near the S
terview Island and the mainland. Numerous islands, rocks, and end of this reef. Half-tide Rock, which dries 0.9m, lies 0.6 mile
shoals lie in the sound. S of the same point.
White Mountain (12°51'N., 92°55'E.), 361m high, lies at
9.14 Spike Island (12°16'N., 92°43'E.), whose N side forms the S
9.16

the N end of the E coastal range of Middle Andaman Island, side of the entrance channel, is 136m high at its N end and 94m
about 7 miles ESE of the W entrance of Austen Strait. The high at its S end. The N coast of the island between Breaker
mountain appears whale-backed when viewed from the SW. Point and Steep Point is fringed by a narrow reef. A vessel
The W coast of the island, between Tuft Island about 6 miles
9.14 drawing 4.6m reported grounding about 0.4 mile E of Breaker
SSE of the S end of Interview Island, and the W entrance of Point. Braganza Ledge, almost 0.5 mile NW of Breaker Point,
Andaman Strait, is bold and precipitous. Tuft Island is sandy has a least depth of 8.2m.
and about 3m high. The W side of Spike Island is fringed by a reef which ex-
9.16

Port Andaman (12°44'N., 92°42'E.), of little commercial

9.14 tends up to 0.2 mile offshore in places. Long Rock, 1.2m high,
importance, lies between South Reef Island and Anderson Is- lies 1.5 miles SSW of Breaker Point. Cingue Rocks, two
land. This latter island lies close to and parallel with Middle groups of above-water rocks, lie about 0.3 and 0.5 mile S of

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 295

Long Rock. 9.19 Cape Bluff (12°12'N., 92°40'E.) the NW end of

Taylor Patches (12°16'N., 92°42'E.), which have a least
9.16 South Andaman Island, is fronted by dangers which extend
depth of 5m, lie about 1.5 miles SW of Breaker Point. A shoal about 1 mile offshore. The coast between this cape and Petrie
area, with a least depth of 7.3m, lies 0.5 mile W of Long Rock. Island, about 15.5 miles SSW, is clear of off-lying dangers, ex-
Bluff Island (12°15'N., 92°42'E.), 30m high to the tops of
9.16 cept for South Bank, which has been previously described in
the trees, lies in the mouth of the S entrance channel, close N of paragraph 9.7. The shallowest part of this bank lies 15 miles
the N end of South Andaman Island. A drying reef extends 0.3 WNW of Cape Bluff.
mile W and 0.5 mile N from Bluff Island. Port Campbell (11°57'N., 92°35'E.), almost landlocked and
9.19

sheltered, is entered between Petrie Island and Montgomery Is-

Port Anson land, about 1.8 miles SSW. The cliffs in the vicinity of the port
are yellowish-gray sandstone with clearly defined stratum
9.17 Port Anson (12°16'N., 92°44'E.) lies between Spike lines.
Island to the W, and Stoat Island, Mangrove Island, and Tal- Petrie Island (11°58'N., 92°37'E.), which lies on the N side
9.19

akaicha Island to the E. Depths of 12.8 to 20m exist in the cen- of the entrance, is joined to the N extremity of Defence Island
tral part of the bay. All of the above islands are reef-fringed. by reefs and shoals. This latter island forms part of the E side
Whales Reef (12°15'N., 92°44'E.) lies about 0.8 mile NW of
9.17 of the port.
the S end of Talakaicha Island. Two small reefs lie S of this An area of shoal ground extends 0.5 mile S from Petrie Is-
9.19

reef. land and a similar shoal, with some rocks awash, extends about
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in the N part of Port
9.17 1 mile W from the middle part of Defence Island.
Anson, in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, mud, about midway be- Montgomery Island (11°56'N., 92°35'E.), on the S side of
9.19

tween Stoat Island and the N part of Spike Island. the entrance, is joined to the mainland by foul ground. The E
Directions.—The low mangrove point at the N end of Stoat
9.17 side of this island is fringed by foul ground. A detached patch,
Island, just open S of Brooke Point, bearing 112°, leads with depths of 9.1 to 11.9m, lies about 0.8 mile NE of Mont-
through the channel N of Spike Island. When within about 0.3 gomery Island.
mile of Brooke Point, course should be altered to the S passing Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor in the entrance, in a depth
9.19

about midway between Brooke Point and Steep point. After of 21.9m, about 0.8 mile NE of Montgomery Island. Anchor-
rounding Steep Point, about 0.1 to 0.2 mile distant, course can age can be taken, in a depth of 23.8m, a little over 1 mile SE of
be shaped for the anchorage. the same island.
Directions.—Vessels can approach the latter anchorage in
9.19

9.18 Andaman Strait.—Vessels drawing 4m have navigat- depths of not less than 18.3m by passing close N of the previous-
ed the strait. Small vessels with local knowledge should only at- ly-mentioned 9.1 to 11.9m patch, on a 090° course until the W
tempt the passage during daylight hours, under favorable point of Petrie Island bears 000°. A course of 180° should then
conditions. Such vessels should follow the directions above and be steered until the N end of Montgomery Island bears 305°. A
steer S in mid-channel through Port Anson until W of the S end course of 130° should then be steered and anchorage taken when
of Mangrove Island. The course should then be altered slightly E the NW end of Defence Island bears 003°.
until the summit of a conical peak, to the N, is seen bearing 003°
and just open E of the nearer hills that form the W side of a large 9.20 The coast between Montgomery Island and Palmer
mangrove valley. The course should then be shaped to about Point, about 15 miles to the S, has not been closely examined.
183° and these marks kept on the bearing of 003°, astern. This A reef fringes this section of coast and an area of shoal ground
course leads between the ledge of rocks that dries 2.1m and extends up to 2.5 miles S from Palmer Point. A 5.5m patch lies
Whales Reef and other reefs to the S of it. near the S end of this shoal ground.
When the S end of Talakaicha Island bears 090°, the course
9.18 Constance Bay (11°42'N., 92°36'E.), entered between Palm-
9.20

should be altered to about 220° for the S point of Spike Island, er Point and Florence Point, about 2 miles to the SE, is foul and
giving a berth of about 0.3 mile to the E side of the strait until has not been closely examined.
about 0.6 mile distant from the S point of Spike Island. The Port Mouat (11°37'N., 92°38'E.), entered between Perseus
9.20

course should then be altered to pass 0.2 mile E of that point. Point and Andromeda Point about 0.8 mile S, extends about
When the same point bears 000°, the course should be altered 1.5 miles E through a narrow channel to a landlocked basin.
to the S to proceed along the W side of the strait, about 0.2 The entrance channel between the extending reefs on either
9.20

mile off the W shore. side is about 0.3 mile wide, but about 1 mile to the E the chan-
When the W end of Baby Island (12°11'N., 92°44'E.), an is-
9.18 nel narrows to a width of only about 91m. Two detached patch-
land with two hillocks, located at the W end of the narrows es, having depths of 4.3 and 4.6m, lie in the middle of the
about 3 miles SSE of the S end of Spike Island, bears about narrowest part of the channel. Depths E and W of these patches
113°, the course should be altered to pass S of that point and range from 12.8 to 20m. Depths in the landlocked basin to the
continue in mid-channel through the strait. E range from 7.3 to 10m.
Vessels should not attempt to pass through the narrows
9.18 Small fishing vessels with local knowledge frequently use
9.20

during the strength of the tidal currents at springs. Slack water the port as an anchorage. It is advisable to buoy the two shoal
occurs at the times of HW and LW at Port Blair. The tidal cur- patches which lie in the narrowest part of the channel prior to
rents are weak at neaps. entering.

Pub. 173
296 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

The Labyrinth Islands Brooker Rock (11°30'N., 92°36'E.), a pinnacle with a depth
9.22

of 1.5m, lies on the NW side of the channel about 0.8 mile NW

9.21 The Labyrinth Islands (11°35'N., 92°3'E.), consist- of the SW end of Jolly Boys Island. Because of the discolor-
ing of 14 islands and islets, lie off the SW side of South Anda- ation of the water this rock is not usually visible.
man Island. All of these islands are rocky and fringed by reefs Beauchamp Patch, a small coral head awash, lies on the SE
9.22

which extend up to 1 mile offshore along their seaward faces. side of the channel, 0.4 mile NNE of the NE end of Jolly Boys
Large blocks of these extending reefs have been broken off by Island. This rock is not usually visible.
the sea during the Southwest Monsoon and have been tossed Peck Shoals (11°32'N., 92°38'E.), a group of coral heads on
9.22

up onto the reefs where they appear as rocky boulders. the N side of the channel, lie 1.3 miles NNE of the NE end of
Tarmugli Island (11°35'N., 92°34'E.), the NW island of the
9.21 Jolly Boys Island.
group, is 78m high and lies with Frederick Point, its NW end, Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor, in depths of 11 to 18.3m,
9.22

about 4.5 miles WSW of Perseus Point. Two rocks, each 4.6m on the N side of the E part of the strait with the S end of South
high, lie close off the cliffy S side of the island. Andaman Island bearing 125°, distant 1.5 miles. A white rock
A large area of foul ground extends up to 2.5 miles N from
9.21 on the N side of the strait, about 1.3 miles NNW of the above
the reef which fringes the N coast of the island. Allen Patches, point, bears 058° and is reported to be a good mark.
partly awash, lie on the outer part of this foul ground about 2 Directions.—Vessels approaching Macpherson Strait from
9.22

miles NE of Frederick Point. A 5.5m patch was reported to lie the W, about 5 miles off the entrance, should steer a course of
about 2.5 miles NE of the same point. 051° for Jolly Boys Island until the N end of Pluto Island bears
Boat Island (11°31'N., 92°34'E.), 27m high, lies on an area
9.21 034°. Pluto Island will then be open, 0.3 of its length E of the
of foul ground about 1.8 miles SE of the SW end of Tarmugli SE side of Hobday Island. A 034° course will then lead mid-
Island. way between Brooker Rock and the reef extending SW from
Malay Island (11°32'N., 92°37'E.), the SE island of the
9.21 Jolly Boys Island. This reef is usually visible. When the sum-
group, lies 2.3 miles E of Boat Island. A rounded summit, 68m mit of this island is abeam course should be altered to 052°
high, rises at its N end. A rocky ledge extends 0.3 mile from with 0.6m rock, located about 0.5 mile SSE of Pluto Island,
the S point of the island. ahead. When the S end of Boat Island is seen just open S of the
Hobday Island (11°32'N., 92°37'E.), which lies close NE of
9.21 S end of Malay Island, bearing 265°, course should be altered
Malay Island, has a rocky ledge extending 0.5 mile S from its to 085° with that mark astern. This course leads between Peck
SE side. A ridge, with depths of 6.4 to 8.2m, extends 0.5 mile Shoals and Beauchamp Patch.
farther S. A mid-channel course can be steered through the narrows.
9.22

Redskin Island (11°33'N., 92°36'E.) lies close NW of Malay

9.21 When the above 0.6m rock is abeam, course should be altered
Island. It has been reported that Elphinstone Passage, which so as to pass midway between Rifleman Islet and the NE shore
leads between the W side of Redskin Island and Snob Island, of the strait. A mid-channel course can then be steered through
46m high, is used by local fishing craft proceeding to Port the rest of the strait.
Mouat. Snob Island is 75m high and lies W of Redskin Island.
Pluto Island (11°33'N., 92°38'E.), small, rounded, and 49m
9.21 9.23 Rutland Island (11°25'N., 92°39'E.), the furthest S of
high, lies close E of Hobday Island. A rock, 0.6m high and said the Andaman Islands, consists of two parts joined together by a
to be a useful mark at all stages of the tide, lies 0.5 mile SSE of low neck of land. Mount Ford, 433m high, lies in the N part of
Pluto Island. the island; Mount Mayo, 227m high, lies in the S part.
Jolly Boys Island (11°30'N., 92°37'E.), 45m high, lies 0.8
9.21 Woodmason Bay (11°25'N., 92°37'E.), which indents the W
9.23

mile NW of Rutland Island. A reef, which is usually visible, coast of the island, lies with its S part abreast the low neck of
fringes the island and extends about 0.8 mile SW from it. land. Depths in the central part of the bay, seaward of the fring-
Grub Island (11°35'N., 92°36'E.), 24m high with a yellow
9.21 ing reefs, range from 14.6 to 29.3m.
cliff on it, lies 1.5 miles E of Tarmugli Island. A bank, as defined by the 20m curve, extends about 4 miles
9.23

W from the SW side of the island. The Twin Islands, flat-

9.22 Macpherson Strait (11°30'N., 92°36'E.) separates topped and wooded, lie on the N side of this bank. East Twin
South Andaman Island and the Labyrinth Islands from Rutland Island is 44m high and West Twin Island is 48m high. A rocky
Island. The recommended channel has a least depth of 7.3m ledge extends 0.8 mile SW from the latter island. Turtle Rock,
and a least navigable width of 0.2 mile. which dries 1.8m, lies near the extremity of this ledge. A spit
The W entrance is narrow and obstructed by reefs as are both
9.22 extends about 0.8 mile from the rock. A 2.7m patch lies near
shores of the strait. The reef edges are visible in places. That the extremity of this spit.
part of the strait which lies between the SW end of South An- Investigator Rock (11°20'N., 92°37'E.), with a least depth
9.23

daman Island and the NE side of Rutland Island, is clear except of 5.5m and marked by rips, lies about 1 mile SSW of the S ex-
for a rocky ledge which extends 0.6 mile ENE from the NE end tremity of Rutland Island. A rocky shoal, with a least depth of
of the latter island. 8.2m, lies about 0.3 mile NNE of this rock.
Several channels are found in the W approach to Macpher-
9.22 An extensive bank of dead coral, having a least depth of
9.23

son Strait. Those leading between the islands forming the Lab- 11m, lies centered about 6.5 miles SW of the SW end of Rut-
yrinth Islands are mostly foul. The channel between Malay land Island.
Island and Jolly Boys Island, which leads from Macpherson The E side of Rutland Island is described in paragraph 9.48.
9.23

Strait to Elphinstone Passage, is navigable by small vessels Manners Strait and the islands and passages to the S are de-
with local knowledge under favorable conditions. scribed beginning in paragraph 9.49.

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 297

North Andaman Island—East Side From Tree Point (13°23'N., 93°05'E.), the coast extends 1.8
9.25

miles SW to the entrance of Thoroughfare Creek. This boat

9.24 Cape Price, the NE point of North Andaman Island, channel separates Smith Island from North Andaman Island
has been previously described in paragraph 9.10. The coast be- and leads into Port Cornwallis.
tween the cape and the entrance of Gibb Creek, about 7 miles Smith Island (13°20'N., 93°05'E.), 131m high, has a con-
9.25

to the S, is fronted by several rocky patches. Vessels should spicuous tree on its summit. Mangrove Point, the E end of the
keep at least 2.5 miles off this coast when passing. island, is fronted by a drying reef that extends about 0.2 mile
Union Ledge (13°32'N., 93°11'E.), almost awash, lies about
9.24 offshore. A 10.1m patch lies about 0.8 mile S of the point.
6.5 miles ESE of Pocock Island. It lies near the S extremity of Temple Island, which forms the S entrance point of Thor-
9.25

an extensive bank on which the irregular depths are less than oughfare Creek, lies 0.5 mile NE of the N end of Smith Island.
36.6m. A patch, with depths of 11 to 14.6m, lies about 0.8 mile A shelving reef extends about 0.3 mile from the E side of Tem-
E, and a 5.5m patch lies almost 0.5 mile SSW of Union Ledge. ple Island. A drying ledge lies about 0.3 mile E of the same is-
Pocock Island (13°34'N., 93°04'E.), 55m high and wooded,
9.24 land.
lies about 1.8 miles SSE of Cape Price. A rock, awash, lies The Turtle Islands (13°22'N., 93°05'E.), two wooded is-
9.25

near the S end of an area of foul ground which extends 0.3 mile lands about 46m high, lie 1.8 miles NNW of Mangrove Point.
S from the island. A drying rock lies 0.3 mile farther S. Turtle Reef, with a 1.2m high sandbank in its middle, lies 0.5
A shoal, with a least depth of 5.5m, lies about 4 miles S of
9.24 mile N of the islands. A 7.3m shoal lies 0.5 mile ESE of the
Pocock Island. reef.
Beauchamp Reef (13°27'N., 93°04'E.), awash, lies almost 1
9.24 The channel between the Turtle Islands and Smith Island is
9.25

mile offshore about 6.5 miles S of Pocock Island. clear with a fairway depth of not less than 20.1m.
Cadell Bay (13°26'N., 93°04'E.), entered between the S en-
9.24 Back Bay, an open bight, lies between Mangrove Point and
9.25

trance point of Gibb Creek and Colvin Point about 2.8 miles Ross Island, about 2 miles to the S. The shores of the bay are
SE, provides anchorage during the Southwest Monsoon, in reef-fringed. Back Bay Shoal, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies
depths of 11 to 12.8m, mud, in the middle of the bay. about 1 mile SE of Mangrove Point and breaks only in heavy
Trilby Island lies 0.2 mile ENE of Colvin Point; Tree Islet,
9.24 weather. Back Bay Reef dries 1.5m and lies about 1 mile S of
11m high with some vegetation on it, lies 0.3 mile ENE of Tril- Mangrove Point. This reef is usually visible at HW, except
by Island. when the sea is very smooth. Depths of 11 to 16m exist be-
Bond Harbor (13°24'N., 93°04'E.), entered about 1 mile
9.24 tween Back Bay Shoal and Back Bay Reef.
SSE of Colvin Point, provides anchorage to small craft, in Tree Island, in line bearing 341° with Cape Price, leads E of
9.25

depths of 12.8 to 14.6m, mud and sand. Back Bay Shoal. Hand Peak, in line bearing 235° with the SE
The Table Islands (13°25'N., 93°07'E.) consist of Excelsior
9.24 side of Ross Island, leads SE of the same shoal.
Island and Delgarno Island, both tree-covered, which lie at the
N and SW ends, respectively of an extensive shoal on which Port Cornwallis
the depths are less than 5.5m.
Excelsior Island, 29m high, lies about 1.5 miles E of the
9.24 9.26 Port Cornwallis (13°17'N., 93°05'E.) is entered be-
coast and is fringed by a reef which extends about 0.3 mile tween Ross Island and Dundas Point, about 1.8 miles SSW. Ross
from its NE side. Island, 82.6m high, is connected to Smith Island by a sandy spit
Delgarno Island (13°25'N., 93°06'E.), about 61m high, lies
9.24 and is almost entirely surrounded by a drying reef. Dundas
0.8 mile SSW of Excelsior Island and has a clear sandy beach Point, sharp and rocky, is fronted by a drying reef which extends
on its NW side and mangroves on its E and S sides. A reef ex- about 0.2m NNE from its extremity. The point rises to a height
tends about 0.4 mile S from the island. of 124m about 0.4 mile S of its extremity. Hand Peak, 219m
Both islands are fairly steep-to on their W sides, but foul
9.24 high, sharp and wooded, lies 2.8 miles WSW of the same point.
ground extends about 1 mile SE from Excelsior Island and the A 184m peak lies 1 mile SW of Dundas Point.
same distance E from Delgarno Island. Seaward of the foul There are considerable depths in the entrance and within the
9.26

ground, irregular depths extend about 1.3 miles E of Excelsior harbor. The W part of the harbor is very shallow, but a narrow
Island and 1.8 miles E of Delgarno Island. channel leads between Wharf Island and South Island and then
SW into Blair Bay, a shallow extensive backwater.
9.25 North Passage Reef (13°26'N., 93°06'E.), which Shoal ground, as defined by the 10m curve, extends almost
9.26

dries about 2.4m, lies about 0.5 mile W of Excelsior Island. 0.5 mile E, and a little over 0.3 mile S from Ross Island. North
The passage between this reef and Tree Islet, almost 0.5 mile to Reef, which dries 2.4m, lies about 0.3 mile SE of the island. A
the W, is clear of dangers. 5m patch lies close SE of the reef.
Mushroom Reef and Table Reef lie about 0.2 mile apart, 1.8
9.25 A shoal, with a least depth of 6.9m, lies 0.8 mile ENE of
9.26

miles E of the S end of Delgarno Island. Both reefs dry and are Dundas Point.
usually visible. South Reef, which dries 2.4m, lies about 0.4 mile E; Middle
9.26

South Passage Reef, which dries, lies in the passage between

9.25 Rock, 0.6m high, lies the same distance SSE of Dundas Point.
the Table Islands and North Andaman Island. A shoal spit ex- Depths of 6.4m and 12.3m lie about 1.3 miles and 1.8 miles,
9.26

tends about 0.4 mile ESE from the reef. Vessels using this pas- respectively, S of Dundas Point. A 1.2m shoal lies about 1 mile
sage should pass W of this reef. S of the same point. Shoals, with depths of 5 to 9.6m, lie be-
Vessels passing E of the Table Islands should not shoal to
9.25 tween Middle Rock and the 6.4m patch.
depths of less than 36.6m. Minerva Bay (13°19'N., 93°04'E.) is entered between Hood
9.26

Pub. 173
298 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

Point and Perseverance Point, about 1.8 miles NW. A bank, as shaped hill 135m high, lies 5.7 miles SW of Cadell Point. The
defined by the 20m curve, extends 0.8 mile SE from the latter hill serves as a good mark for vessels approaching the S en-
point, about halfway across the bay entrance. A rocky shoal, trance of the sound. Ridges of high land span Sound Island in
with depths of 10.5 to 16.5m, lies near the outer edge of this all directions and are prolonged in spurs up to the entrance
bank. A 14.1m patch lies almost 0.8 mile NW of Hood Point. points of the numerous bays that indent the island. The con-
A depth of 11.4m lies about 0.3 mile WNW of the same point. spicuous summit of Sound Island is 147m high and lies 1 mile
Brush Islet (13°17'N., 93°04'E.), a reef-fringed islet about
9.26 WSW of Simpson Point.
6.1m high to the tops of the trees, lies almost in mid-channel Stewart Sound is of great extent and contains the principal
9.28

about 1 mile SW of Hood Point. A spit, with shallow depths, port of North Andaman Island. Several lumber camps and set-
extends 1 mile W from the islet. A lighted beacon lies on the tlements are found around the shores of the sound.
NW side of Brush Islet. Austen Strait (12°54'N., 92°53'E.), which separates North
9.28

Andaman Island and Middle Andaman Island, has its E en-

9.27 Atalanta Bay (13°16'N., 93°04'E.) is entered between trance at the head of a shallow bay on the S side of Stewart
Dundas Point and Barkely Point, about 1.3 miles WNW. A Sound.
shoal area, with depths of 2.3 to 11m, lies in the middle of the Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set N on the rising
9.28

bay. A 9.6m patch lies 0.4 mile E of Barkely Point. tide and S on the falling tide. They attain a spring rate of 1.5
Ariel Bay is shallow and lies about 1.3 miles W of Barkely
9.27 knots in the narrow parts of the sound. The N current attains a
Point. An L-shaped jetty extends 0.2m N, then NE from Kopi rate of 0.3 knot, and the S current a rate of 2 knots, S of Comp
Point, the E entrance point of the bay. In 1983, works were in Bay, a small bight on the N side of the N entrance. The tidal
progress close SW of Kopi Point. currents close N of Takla Oyster Point set SW on the rising tide
Chatham Island (13°19'N., 93°02'E.), 61m high near its S
9.27 and NE on the falling tide. During the strength of the South-
end and 58m high near its N end, lies about 1 mile W of Perse- west Monsoon, the SW current is very weak, but the NE cur-
verance Point. rent attains a rate of 2 knots.
Jungle Island (13°20'N., 93°03'E.), small and low, lies in
9.27 Sound Island (12°58'N., 92°59'E.) is an irregular-shaped is-
9.28

the S entrance of Thoroughfare Creek, about 1 mile N of Perse- land lying in the entrance of Stewart Sound. Above and below-
verance Point. North Island, 93m high to the tops of the trees, water rocks extend about 0.5 mile NE from Simpson Point, the
lies 1 mile W of Jungle Island. Wharf Island and South Island NE end of the island. Mitchell Point, the SE extremity of the is-
lie within 0.5 mile W of North Island. Shoal patches, with a land, is fringed by a drying reef that extends 0.3 mile SSW
least depth of 6.9m, lie between North Island and Chatham Is- from it. Square Rock, 4.3m high and prominent, lies on the W
land. side of the outer part of the reef. A lighted beacon lies on
Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, anchorage
9.27 Square Rock.
can be taken in the entrance of Atalanta Bay. The best anchor- Jones Point, the SW extremity of Sound Island, is fringed by
9.28

age lies NE of Chatham Island, in depths of 11 to 14.6m, mud, a drying reef on which there is a ridge of rocks extending 0.4
about midway between the S end of that island and Jungle Is- mile S to SE. A rock, that dries 2.4m, lies near the end of this
land. Anchorage can also be taken, in depths of 21.9 to 23.8m, ridge.
about 1 mile NW of Brush Islet.
Directions.—Vessels entering Port Cornwallis should keep
9.27 9.29 Stewart Sound—North entrance.—The N entrance
Brush Island bearing 287° and in line with South Point, the S end of the sound lies between Cadell Point and Simpson Point. Elf-
of Chatham Island. When the NE end of the latter island bears in Patch, which lies near the middle of the entrance, has a depth
313° and is in line with the SW end of Wharf Island, course of less than 1.8m near its center. Morland Rock, which dries
should be altered to that bearing. When abeam of Perseverance 2.4m, lies about 0.4 mile SW of Cadell Point. Shoal ground,
Point, course can be altered to the N for the anchorage. with a least depth of 4.6m near its outer end, extends about 0.3
The coast, between Dundas Point and Cadell Point, about 15
9.27 mile SSE from the rock.
miles to the S, is not well charted. Craggy Island, which lies Oliver Island (13°00'N., 93°00'E.), 59m high, lies 1 mile W
9.29

about 3 miles S of Dundas Point, is joined to the mainland by a of Simpson Point. There are considerable depths in the channel
reef. Small vessels with local knowledge can obtain good an- between it and Sound Island.
chorage off the S side of this reef. Sunk Reef (13°00'N., 92°59'E.), which dries 0.6m and
9.29

Saddle North Peak and Saddle Hill, both prominent, lie in-
9.27 which has a 5.5m patch on its NW side, lies 0.8 mile NW of
land along this section of coast. Both have been previously de- Oliver Island.
scribed in paragraph 9.11. A group of drying rocks lie about 1 mile W of Oliver Island.
9.29

An area of shoal ground extends about 0.3 mile SW from the

Stewart Sound group.
Oyster Island (12°59'N., 92°59'E.), 1.2m high, lies 0.8 mile
9.29

9.28 Stewart Sound (12°54'N., 93°00'E.), which contains WSW of Oliver Island.
several bays and inlets within its limits, lies within Sound Is- Stewart Island (13°01'N., 92°56'E.), which lies in a shallow
9.29

land between Cadell Point and Cape Vestal, about 11 miles bay on the NW side of the sound, is covered with jungle
SSW. The hills surrounding the sound are covered with dense growth. A drying mudbank joins the NW side of the island
jungle. White Mountain, 361m high and prominent, lies 2 with North Andaman Island.
miles WSW of Cape Vestal at the N end of the E coastal range Marsack Shoals (12°57'N., 92°57'E.) consist of two small
9.29

of Middle Andaman Island. Ray Hill, a conspicuous cone- patches that lie close together at the S end of the channel, be-

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 299

tween Sound Island and North Andaman Island. The E patch 272°, and then alter course to this bearing which will lead to
has a least depth of 5.9m and the W patch a least depth of the anchorage. Egg Island should not be brought to bear more
2.7m. than 272°, until well clear of the 3.2m patch E of Takla Oyster
Point.
9.30 Stewart Sound—South entrance.—The S entrance Vessels proceeding to the anchorage in Bacon Bay should
9.31

of the sound lies between Mitchell Point and Cape Vestal, pass about 0.8 mile off Square Rock, keeping Orchid Island
about 5 miles SSW. Five Fathom Patch, a fairly large shoal bearing 284° until the summit of Aves Island bears 135°. Then
with depths of 9.1 to 16.5m, lies about in the middle of the S a course of 315°, with Aves Island astern, leads into Bacon
entrance. Convict Patch, with depths of less than 5.5m, lies 1 Bay, passing midway between Orchid Island and Brown Point.
mile N of Cape Vestal. Some rocks, with depths of less than This course passes over the previously-mentioned 13.2m patch.
1.8m, lie on the shoal. A 11m shoal lies about 2 miles ENE of When the summit of Ray Hill bears 050°, course can be altered
the same point. for the anchorage at the head of the bay.
Aves Island (12°55'N., 92°57'E.), 63m high and conspicu-
9.30 Vessels coming from the S should keep Ray Hill bearing
9.31

ous, lies about 2 miles SW of Sound Island. A drying reef con- 322° until Orchid Island is seen about midway between Aves
nects the island to Aves Point to the WSW. Island and Jones Point, bearing 287°. The directions given
Takla Oyster Point (12°55'N., 92°55'E.), about 1.5 miles
9.30 above can then be followed.
WNW of Aves Point, is the N end of a promontory which Mayabandar Settlement (12°56'N., 92°55'E.) lies on the
9.31

forms the E side of a shallow bay. The E entrance of Austen NW side of Takla Oyster Point.
Strait lies at the head of this bay. The local district administrator resides in a conspicuous
9.31

A shoal, with a least depth of 3.2m, lies almost 0.5 mile E of

9.30 white house with a red roof on the NE side of the point. Two
Takla Oyster Point. conspicuous high trees lie about 0.3 mile S of the house and the
Berkeley Island Group (12°56'N., 92°54'E.) consists of Or-
9.30 ruins of a sawmill lie on the NW side of the point.
chid Island, Curlew Island, Egg Island, and Dottrel Island, A short wooden jetty, with a depth of 2.4m alongside its
9.31

which lie in the approach to Bacon Bay to the W and NW of head, extends from the NW side of Takla Oyster Point. In
Takla Oyster Point. All except Dottrel Island are identifiable 1985, the jetty was extended 57m NE.
from abeam of Square Rock. Several prominent trees, some
wooden huts, together with a red-roofed bungalow on its NE Middle Andaman Island and Baratang Island—
side, makes Curlew Island identifiable. East Coasts
A shoal, having a depth of 12.8m, lies almost 0.3 mile S of
9.30

the S end of Orchid Island. A rock, which uncovers 2.1m, lies 9.32 The coast between Cape Vestal and Cape Strachan,
0.3 mile E of Curlew Island. A shoal, with depths of 7.8 to about 9 miles SSE, is high and clear of off-lying dangers. The
14.6m, extends about 0.6 mile NW from the NW end of Orchid latter projection forms the N entrance point of Culhbert Bay.
Island. Mount Diavolo, 512m high, lies about 3.5 miles W of the same
point. Between Culhbert Bay and Coxon Point, about 13 miles
9.31 Bacon Bay (12°57'N., 92°54'E.) is entered between to the S, the coast continues to be high.
Brown Point and Orchid Island, about 0.3 mile WSW. The bay Rangat Bay (12°29'N., 92°58'E.) is entered between Coxon
9.32

is sheltered from all winds and its E part is clear of all dangers Point and Johns Point, about 0.8 mile to the S. Both points are
up to within 0.2 mile of the shore. A detached 13.2m patch lies bold headlands.
about midway between Brown Point and Orchid Point. A shoal, with a depth of 7.3m near its outer end, extends
9.32

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in suitable depths in

9.31 about 2.3 miles E from Coxon Point. The inner part of this
any part of Steward Sound. Anchorage can be taken in Bacon shoal has several detached heads, with depths which range
Bay in all seasons. from 3 to 4.9. A rock, which dries 1.2m, lies among these
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 14.6 to 16.5m, almost 1
9.31 heads about 0.8 mile ENE of Coxon Point. An obstruction lies
mile N of Oliver Island and in the channel between Sound Is- in the middle of the entrance to the bay in position
land and North Andaman Island, about 2 miles N of Jones 12°28”50.4'”N, 92°57'30.6''E.
Point. These anchorages are partially open to the NE. A drying reef extends about 0.5 mile SE from Johns Point.
9.32

Vessels calling at Mayabandar Settlement, on the NW side of

9.31 Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 6.4 to 9.1m, midway
9.32

Takla Oyster Point, can anchor, in a depth of 18.3m, mud, with between the entrance points of Rangat Bay. Local knowledge is
Egg Island bearing 272°, distant 0.5 mile and the S point of Or- required because the depths shoal rapidly within the entrance
chid Island bearing 023°. Ample depths are available for an- points.
choring elsewhere in this vicinity. Small vessels with local Between Johns Point and a 117m promontory on Baratang
9.32

knowledge can anchor farther W of Dottrel Island but caution Island, about 17 miles SSW, the coast is bordered by numerous
is advised. islands and dangers and indented by many bays. Between the
Ample depths are available for anchoring at the head of Ba-
9.31 promontory and North Point, the SE end of Baratang Island,
con Bay, or about 0.4 mile off the E shore. about 9 miles SW, the coast is indented by many reef fringed
Directions.—Vessels coming from the N and intending to
9.31 bays and backed inland by hilly terrain. North Point forms the
enter by the S entrance, should pass about 0.8 mile off Square N side of the S entrance of Andaman Strait.
Rock and then steer for Orchid Island on a course of 284°. Long Island (12°24'N., 92°57'E.) densely wooded and
9.32

Vessels proceeding to the anchorage off Mayabandar Settle-

9.31 fringed by shoal ground, lies about 2.5 miles SSW of Johns
ment should proceed as directed above until Egg Island bears Point. Its W coast is joined to Middle Andaman Island by a

Pub. 173
300 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

shallow flat. various anchorages are weak. They become somewhat stron-
Long Island is the N of a chain of islands, reefs, and other
9.32 ger, however, after consistent E winds. Strong tidal currents
dangers which extend S for about 15 miles from a position and eddies are experienced in Homfray Strait.
about 2.5 miles S of Johns Point. The islands are separated A channel, with depths of 6.4 to 36.6m, leads between Long
9.33

from each other, and from Middle Andaman Island and Island and Guitar Island to the jetties on the SW side of the for-
Baratang Island, by fairly narrow shoal channels. Small vessels mer island. A narrow channel, with depths of 6.4 to 12.8m,
with local knowledge can find shelter in some of these bays. leads NNW to the entrance of several shallow creeks that lead
Elphinstone Harbor, which provides sheltered anchorage, lies into the interior of Middle Andaman Island.
close to the E entrance of Homfray Strait, which separates
Middle Andaman Island and Baratang Island. 9.34 Homfray Strait (12°15'N., 92°52'E.), an intricate
Guitar Island (12°21'N., 92°55'E.) lies about 0.8 mile SSW
9.32 rocky channel connecting Elphinstone Harbor with Port An-
of Long Island and is joined to Middle Andaman Island by a son, separates Middle Andaman Island from the Baratang Is-
shallow flat. Cape Dalrymple forms the S end of an islet, 75m lands. Depths in the fairway are not less than 5m, except near
high, which lies close S of Guitar Island. Round Island lies the E entrance where the depths over the bar is very shallow.
about 183m W of the SW end of Guitar Island. The channel between North Passage Island and Strait Island
9.34

A shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 0.8 mile SSE
9.32 is shallow and foul.
of Cape Dalrymple. A detached patch, with a least depth of The channel between North Passage Island and Colebrooke
9.34

7.6m, lies about 1 mile SSE of the same cape. Island is about 0.5 mile wide and has depths of 5.5 to 18.3m.
Nancowry Ledge (12°20'N., 92°56'E.), which has depths of
9.32 Small vessels with local knowledge can use this passage which
less than 1.8m, lies about 1.3 miles E of Cape Dalrymple. is obstructed in places by reefs and shoals.
Colebrooke Passage (12°13'N., 92°53'E.) is 0.2 mile wide
9.34

9.33 Anderson Rock (12°26'N., 92°59'E.), which dries with depths of 7.3 to 18.3m. Its N part is shallow.
0.3m, lies 1 mile E of the N end of Long Island. Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor about 0.3 mile SW of the
9.34

Campbell Shoal (12°25'N., 93°04'E.) lies about 6 miles

9.33 previously-mentioned jetty, in a depth of 8.2m, but the swing-
ESE of the N end of Long Island and has a least depth of 5.5m, ing room is restricted.
rock. It lies on the E side of an irregular bank about 2.8 miles Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 23.8m, good holding
9.34

long and 1.3 miles wide, which has depths which range 16.5 to ground, about 10.3 miles W of Cross Point.
36.6m. A sheltered anchorage with good holding ground can be tak-
9.34

Headlam Patch (12°24'N., 92°59'E.), with a least depth of

9.33 en, in a depth of 15.5m, near the S end of Colebrooke Passage,
3.7m, lies about 2.5 miles SSE of the N end of Long Island. with Cape Union in line bearing 065° with the center of Middle
Depths of 5.5 to 16.5m surround this danger. Button Island.
An extensive shoal, with a depth of 4.6m near its SW end
9.33 Caution.—A depth of 3.2m lies a little over 1 mile W of
9.34

and a depth of 8.2m near its NE end, lies between 5.3 and 7.8 Cape Union; a 5m patch lies about 0.8 mile SW of the same
miles E of Cape Smith, the S end of Long Island. A detached cape.
shoal, about 1 mile in extend, lies with its shallowest depth of
3.7m, about 6.3 miles ESE of Cape Smith. 9.35 Anchorage can be taken in Rogolochang Bay
Osmaston Shoal (12°21'N., 92°58'E.), with a least depth of
9.33 (12°09'N., 92°50'E.), in depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, about 4 miles
3m, lies about 1.8 miles E of Cape Smith. SSW of the S entrance of Colebrooke Passage.
North Passage Island (12°16'N., 92°56'E.), irregular in
9.33 A lumber camp, with a sawmill and a small wood shop, lies
9.35

shape, high, and wooded, lies 3 miles S of Long Island. Cape on the SW side of Long Island about 0.8 mile WNW of Cape
Portman is the NE extremity of the island. The E side of the is- Smith. A wooden jetty, with reported depths of 2.4 to 3m
land is fronted by dangerous foul ground which extends up to 2 alongside, extends from the shore about 0.4 mile N of the
miles offshore. Balfour Reef extends about 1 mile N from the camp. A trolley connects the two.
NW end of the island. Merk Bay, which lies between Balfour Elphinstone Harbour (12°18'N., 92°54'E.), which is
9.35

Reef and the promontory to the E, has depths of 18.3 to 27.4m. formed by the N part of the channel which separates North Pas-
Strait Island (12°13'N., 92°56'E.) lies about 0.8 mile SSE of
9.33 sage Island from the E side of Baratang Island, is entered be-
North Passage Island. The intervening passage between the tween Cape Dalrymple and Cape Portman, about 1.8 miles SE.
two is foul. The N and E sides of Strait Island are fringed by The 118m hill, which lies on the N entrance point of Homfray
reefs. Shoals and foul ground, with depths of less than 1.6m, Strait about 2 miles WSW of Cape Dalrymple, is a useful
extend up to 1.3 miles E of the island. Shoals, with depths of 3 mark. A prominent tree lies on Guitar Island. Depths in the en-
to 4.9m, extend about 0.5 mile SSW from Cross Point, the S trance range from 7.9 to 25.6m, decreasing gradually to depths
end of the island. A 8.7m shoal lies 2.5 miles ENE of the same of 6.1 to 18.3m within the harbor. Numerous shoals and reefs
point. obstruct the inner harbor, the positions of which can best be
A light is shown on the W side and at the S end of Strait Is-
9.33 seen on the chart.
land, close N of Cross Point. Mills Passage (12°15'N., 92°55'E.), between the S part of
9.35

Colebrooke Island (12°14'N., 92°54'E.), of irregular shape

9.33 North Passage Island and Colebrooke Island, has a least width
and densely wooded, lies close W of the SW part of North Pas- of 0.5 mile and depths of 5.5 to 18.3m. Numerous shoals and
sage Island. reefs obstruct the passage which can only be used by small
Tidal currents in the channel between Long Island and Gui-
9.33 craft with local knowledge.
tar Island, in the approach to Elphinstone Harbor, and at the Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 18.3m, good holding
9.35

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 301

ground, about 0.3 mile off the coast of North Passage Island, The Ritchie's Archipelago
with the NW point of that island bearing 029°, distant 0.5 mile.
Diligent Strait (12°10'N., 92°57'E.) lies between North But-
9.35 9.37 The Ritchie's Archipelago (12°03'N., 93°02'E.) con-
ton Island, Middle Button Island, and the Strait Islands to the sists of ten islands lying between the parallels of 12°16'N. and
NW, and Outram Island, South Button Island, and the Wilson 11°47'N, with the N end of the group being separated from
Islands to the SE. Baratang Island by Diligence Strait. All of the islands are heav-
Depths in the fairway of the strait range from 8.5 to 53m.
9.35 ily wooded.
The shallowest depth of 8.5 lies about 1.8 miles E of the S end Outram Island (12°15'N., 93°06'E.), the N island of the
9.37

of Strait Island and a 9.8m patch lies about 0.5 mile farther E. group, is reef-fringed on all except its W side and contains
Outram Harbor in a deep indentation along its N coast. Some
9.36 North Button Island (12°19'N., 93°05'E.), 48m high low rocks lie on the reefs which fringe West Point, the W en-
and reef-fringed, lies 7.5 miles E of the NE end of North Pas- trance point of the harbor. Shoal ground extends 0.8 mile NE
sage Island. Low, irregular cliffs lie at its E end. The W end of from this point, and 0.6 mile NNE from East Point, the E en-
the island descends abruptly to a tree-covered sand spit. trance point of the harbor.
Shoals, as defined by the 10m curve, extend about 1 mile E and Outram Harbor (12°15'N., 93°06'E.) provides good shelter
9.37

0.3 mile W from the island. The N side is clear of dangers, but from S winds. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor,
the bottom is rocky. The E and W ends of the island should be in a depth of 18.3m, near the middle of the harbor, with the N
given a wide berth when passing. A light is shown on the NW end of Middle Button Island in line bearing 290° with West
side of North Button Island. Point.
Anchorage can be taken by small vessels with local knowl-
9.36 Charka Juru, the strait separating Outram Island from Henry
9.37

edge close off the reef on the S side of the island. Lawrence Island to the S, has considerable depths throughout
its length. Shoal ground extends about 0.8 mile S from South
Middle Button Island (12°17'N., 93°02'E.), 50m high, lies
9.36 Point, the S end of Outram Island. Once this shoal has been
about 3 miles SW of North Button Island. The N end is cliffy, cleared, a mid-channel course will lead through the strait.
but the SW point terminates in a short sandspit with a few low The W side of Henry Lawrence Island rises steeply to a ridge
9.37

rocks off it. Shoals, with depths of 8.2m, extend about 1.5 miles about 137m high. A narrow reef fringes the island.
NNE from the N end of the island. A rocky ridge and shoal Kwangtung Strait (12°06'N., 93°04'E.), the channel be-
9.37

ground extends about the same distance SW from the island. A tween Henry Lawrence Island and John Lawrence Island, has
light is shown on the NE side of Middle Button Island. considerable depths in the fairway. The drying reefs which
Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor S of Middle
9.36 fringe both shores are usually visible.
Button Island clear of the shoals. Rocky Heads lie about 0.5 mile N of Briton Point, the N end
9.37

Outram Island, 3.5 miles S of North Button Island, will be

9.36 of John Lawrence Island. Shoals and foul ground extend 1.5
described under the Ritchie's Archipelago in paragraph 9.37. miles NW from the NW coast of the island.
Wilson Island (12°08'N., 92°59'E.) lies W of the N part of
9.37

South Button Island (12°13'N., 93°02'E.), about 3 miles S

9.36 John Lawrence Island and is separated from it by a narrow
of Middle Button Island, is 36m high and formed of large channel. Round Hill, which rises about 1 mile within the NW
steep-to rocks on all sides. A rocky head, with a depth of point of Wilson Island, is 216m high. Foul ground, marked by
10.1m, lies about 1 mile E and coral patch, with a depth of numerous coral heads, extends from the NW point of Wilson
3.2m, lies about 1 mile SE of the island. A light is shown from Island to Briton Point on John Lawrence Island.
South Button Island. Nicholson Island (12°06'N., 92°58'E.), separated from Wil-
9.37

Two Fathoms Rock (12°10'N., 92°58'E.) lies about 4.8

9.36 son Island by a channel about 1 mile wide, rises to a height of
miles SW of South Button Island. 97m in its N part. The W side of the island is fringed by prom-
Directions.—Vessels approaching from the N should shape
9.36 inent steep-to white reefs. A reef extends about 0.3 mile S from
course, from a position about 2 miles E of North Button Island, the S end of the island. A shoal, with a depth of 3.2m, lies close
to pass about 0.5 mile NW of South Button Island. When that S of this reef.
island bears about 135°, course should be altered to the S until Sir William Peel Island (12°05'N., 93°00'E.), low and bor-
9.37

the S side of the island is in line bearing 055° with the NW ex- dered by dense mangroves, lies 0.5 mile E of Nicholson Island.
tremity of Outram Island. This range should be kept on that The intervening channel is available only to small craft with lo-
bearing astern until the N point of Nicholson Island is seen cal knowledge. The channel between this island and Wilson Is-
open W of the W end of Wilson Island, bearing about 192°. land to the N is narrow and foul.
Course can then be altered to pass about 1.5 miles W of the lat- Havelock Island is the largest of the Ritchie's Archipelago.
ter island. There is an L-shaped jetty, with a dolphin close SE of its head,
situated at Jetty Point, the NE extremity of the island; there is a
Vessels approaching from the S side should steer for Strait
9.36 depth of 5.2m at its head.
Island until the S side of South Button Island is in line bearing
055° with the NW extremity of Outram Island. This range 9.38 Tadma Juru (12°03'N., 92°59'E.), narrow and deep,
should be steered until the E end of Middle Button Island bears separates Sir William Peel Island from Havelock Island to the
022°. Course should then be altered to pass NW of South But- S. Both sides of the channel are fringed by shoals which ex-
ton Island and midway between Middle Island and North But- tends up to 0.2 mile offshore in places. A detached patch lies
ton Island, and Outram Island. on the S side of the channel, about 0.5 mile E of Stowe Point

Pub. 173
302 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

the N end of Havelock Island. Stowe Point is marked by a bea- mede Point, has a least depth of 2.7m. A narrow coral reef, as
con. Yulutang, a conspicuous hill 167m high, lies 2.8 miles SE defined by the 10m curve, extends about 1 mile S from Pilot
of the point. Reef.
Rosamund Shoal (12°04'N., 92°58'E.), a narrow coral ledge
9.38 Havelock Island, S of Sir William Peel Island, is reef-
9.39

almost awash, lies about 0.5 mile N of the N end of Havelock fringed. Foul ground extends up to 1.3 miles E from its NE
Island. The ledge is difficult to make out. coast to within a short distance of the ridge which extends S
Directions.—Vessels approaching Tadma Juru from the W,
9.38 from Pilot Reef.
should pass S of Rosamund Shoal on a 090° course. When Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in Tadma Bay, shel-
9.39

about 0.2 mile from the SW coast of Sir William Peel Island, tered from all except S winds.
course should be altered to 123°, maintaining a mid-channel Directions.—Vessels approaching Tadma Bay from the S
9.39

course. When close to the E entrance of the strait, course and E can clear Pilot Reef and the foul ground E of Havelock
should be altered to 073° toward the reef fringing the SW coast Island by bringing the W extremity of Sir Hugh Rose Island
of John Lawrence Island. This steep-to reef is usually visible. bearing 173°, and just open E of the E extremity of Neill Is-
When close to the edge of this reef, course should be altered to land. When the extremity of the reef extending S from Runny-
147°, which leads along the W edge of the reef and then E of mede Point is seen, course can be shaped to the NW into
Pilot Reef, which lies 1 mile S of the S end of John Lawrence Tadma Bay.
Island.
Between Stowe Point and Doone Point, about 3.8 miles SW,
9.38 9.40 Minerva Ledge (12°04'N., 93°09'E.), a detached
the W coast of Havelock Island is slightly indented by an open rocky ledge with a least depth of 6.9m, lies about 4.5 miles
reef-fringed bight. Anchorage can be taken off Jalebar, about ESE of Wreck Point. It lies near the outer edge of a bank, as
2.3 miles SSW of Stowe Point. defined by the 40m curve, that extends about 5 miles E from
Between Doone Point and the S end of Havelock Island,
9.38 the S end of Henry Lawrence Island.
about 9.8 miles SE, the coastal reef extends up to 0.5 mile off- Vibart Shoal (11°59'N., 93°08'E.), narrow and steep-to on
9.40

shore. Havelock, 1.3 miles SE of Doone Point, is a conspicu- its E side, lies centered about 6.3 miles SE of Runnymede
ous hill, 164m high, at the W end of a bay. White cliffs, about Point. Depths over this shoal range from 16.4 to 18.3m.
27m high, line the S end of the island. Sail Rock, 6.1m high, Fusilier Channel (Nancowry Strait) (11°52'N., 93°03'E.),
9.40

lies close off the S end of the island and appears as a sail on between Havelock Island and Neill Island to the S, has depths
some bearings. of as little as 14m in the fairway. A small coral patch, with a
The N side of Outram Island and Charka Juru, the channel
9.38 least depth of 10.4m, lies in the W part of the strait about 0.8
separating it from Henry Lawrence Island, have been previous- mile N of the NW end of Neill Island. Vessels should pass N of
ly described in paragraph 9.37. this danger.
The E coast of Outram Island is fringed by a reef which ex-
9.38 Neill Island (11°50'N., 93°03'E.) rises to a height of 101m at
9.40

tends up to 0.3 mile offshore. As previously stated, coral heads Nipple Hill, the conspicuous NE end of the island. White cliffs
and foul ground extend about 0.8 mile S from the S end of Out- border the seaward face of this end of the island. A rock, 10m
ram Island. high, lies about 91m off this point. Some detached patches,
The E coast of Henry Lawrence Island is low, irregular, and
9.38 with depths of less than 5m, lie off the N coast. Neill Island
bordered by dense mangroves. Reefs extend up to 1 mile off- Pier projects NE between drying reefs on the N side of the is-
shore in places. A densely-wooded islet lies on this reef about land and is marked at its root by a flagstaff. Murugan Temple,
4 miles S of the S end of Outram Island. 13m high and conspicuous, lies 0.1 mile SW of the pier. A reef
extends up to 0.5 mile off the S end of the island and is usually
9.39 Inglis Island (12°08'N., 93°07'E.) lies about 0.8 mile marked by heavily breaking seas. The S point of the W coast of
E of the wooded islet and is fringed by a drying reef on all ex- Neill Island is formed by dark cliffs about 12.2m high.
cept its NW side. This reef extends up to 0.5 mile off the NE Sir Hugh Rose Island (11°47'N., 93°05'E.), the S island of
9.40

coast, where it terminates in two rocks, each about 1.2m high. the Ritchie’s Archipelago group, lies about 2 miles SE of Neill
Small portions of the N and S points of the island have been Island and is densely wooded. The NW side of the island rises
detached by the action of the sea and appear as islets at high to a height of 73m. Some prominent yellow cliffs, about 24m
tide. high, border the NE point of the island.
Inglis Shoals (12°06'N., 93°08'E.), two detached coral
9.39 The island has been reported to be a good radar target up to
9.40

patches with depths of 6.9m and 8.7m, lie about 0.8 mile S and 14 miles.
1.8 miles SSE of the S end of Inglis Island. Several patches, with depths of 7.8 to 10.0m, lie in Arthur
9.40

During NE winds, sheltered anchorage can be taken, in a

9.39 Channel between Neill Island and Sir Hugh Rose Island. Ves-
depth of 12.8m, off a sandy bay, close NW of Wreck Point, the sels are advised not to use this channel because the bottom is
S extremity of Henry Lawrence Island. very uneven.
Tadma Bay (12°03'N., 93°02'E.) lies W of Runnymede
9.39 Deep-draft vessels passing SW of Sir Hugh Rose Island
9.40

Point, the S end of John Lawrence Island, and between it and should avoid a bank, with depths of 13.8 to 16.4m, which lies
Sir William Peel Island. It forms the S entrance of Paranga Ju- between 1.5 and 2.5 miles SW of the island.
ru, a narrow channel separating the two islands. It also forms
the E entrance of Tadma Juru, which has been previously de- 9.41 Andaman Strait (12°04'N., 92°47'E.), referring to
scribed in paragraph 9.38. the E entrance of that strait, lies between North Point, a 76m
Pilot Reef (12°01'N., 93°02'E.), about 1 mile S of Runny-
9.39 promontory forming the SE extremity of Baratang Island, and

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 303

South Point, the NE extremity of South Andaman Island, about land. A drying rock lies 137m SW of this rock.
2 miles SSW. From the 76m promontory the coast extends The E side of the promontory forming Cape Persain is front-
9.42

about 1.8 miles WSW to Entrance Hill, the N point of the inner ed by a drying reef that extends about 0.4 mile offshore. This
entrance of the strait. This 30m high conical hill is conspicu- reef only extends about 183m offshore, E and N of Cape Per-
ous. sain. Some drying rocks lie on the reef.
Andaman Strait Light is shown from the summit on North
9.41 A detached 4.5m patch lies about 0.2 mile E of Cape Persain.
9.42

Point. A two-pronged pinnacle rock, with a least depth of 5m, lies

9.42

The general width of the strait ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 mile,
9.41 on the S side of the approach to Port Meadows about 0.7 mile
but narrows to a width of 73m in places. SE of the summit of Duncan Island. A dangerous wreck,
The strait has moderate depths, except for two ridges which
9.41 marked by a buoy, lies on this rock.
span the strait, and over which the least depth is 5.5m. A bar, The Patch, a shoal with a least depth of 7.3m, lies about 0.8
9.42

over which there are depths of 3.3 to 3.9m, obstructs the en- mile ESE of Cape Persain.
trance from a position about 0.5 mile NE of Entrance Hill and Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 16.5 to
9.42

South Point. The navigable width of the bar is about 183m. A 18.3m, about 0.2 mile W of the W point of Duncan Island. An-
vessel with a draft of 4m has passed through the strait. The bot- chorage can also be taken, in a depth of 14.6m, in the center of
tom throughout is of mud and sand. the SW part of the harbor, about 0.6 mile W of Cape Persain.
A small isolated, rocky ledge topped by a 4m high prominent
9.41 Directions.—Vessels should keep Cape Persain bearing
9.42

rock on it, lies about 0.5 mile SE of the 76m promontory. A de- 276° until the E end of Duncan Island is in line bearing 012°
tached shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 0.5 mile S with Wedge Point. A course of about 292° then leads in mid-
of the promontory. channel through the entrance. When Wedge Rock becomes vis-
A coral reef, which dries in places, extends up to 0.5 mile
9.41 ible, course can be altered to 000° for the E anchorage, or to
offshore between North Point and Entrance Hill. 260° for the previously-mentioned W anchorage.
A ledge of drying coral extends almost 0.5 mile NE from
9.41 A jetty extends from the W side of the promontory, about 0.3
9.42

South Point. The coast between this point, and the S point of mile W of Cape Persain. A lumber camp lies near the inner end
the inner entrance of the strait about 1.5 miles W, is bordered of the jetty.
by foul ground which extends up to 0.3 mile offshore. The coast between Cape Persian and Point Crawley, about
9.42

Orol Kaicha (12°11'N., 92°46'E.), a small island which lies

9.41 0.8 mile S, and then to Kotara Point, about 1.5 miles farther
about midway between the E and W entrance of the strait, can SW, is fringed by a drying reef which extends about 0.5 mile
be passed on either side but the E side is preferred. offshore. Some drying rocks lie on this reef.
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, mud,
9.41 Kotara Anchorage (11°59'N., 92°45'E.) lies between Ko-
9.42

about 1.3 miles NNE of South Point. tara Point and the N side of Kyd Island, about 0.8 mile to the S.
The coast between South Point and Wedge Point, about 1.5
9.41 This island is 237m high and rounded.
miles to the S, is fringed by a drying reef that extends almost A least depth of 6.4m exists in the fairway, with depths of 8.2
9.42

0.3 mile offshore. to 14.6m being found in the entrance.

Smyth Rock (12°03'N., 92°48'E.), the outermost danger off
9.41 Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 6.4 to 7.3m, mud,
9.42

this section of coast, lies about 1 mile E of South Point and has about 0.5 mile SW of Kotara Point. Small vessels with local
a least depth of 3.3m. knowledge can anchor, in depths of 7.3 to 8.2m, mud, in the
Whitehouse Rock, which has a least depth of 3.6m, lies 1
9.41 outer part of an inlet about 1.5 miles W of Kotara Point.
mile E of Wedge Point. A shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m, lies Shoal Bay (11°56'N., 92°47'E.) entered between the SE side
9.42

midway between this rock and the point. of Kyd Island and Cape Masy, about 1.5 miles to the SE, is
A rock, barely above water, lies 0.5 mile SE of South Point.
9.41 shoal over most of its area.
Rocks, which dry up to 1.2m, lie about 0.4 mile N and 0.3 mile Depths of 6.4m are found in the narrow entrance channel de-
9.42

NNE of Wedge Point. creasing to a depth of 5.5m about 1.5 miles within the entrance
Wedge Rock, 8.5m high and prominent, lies close S of
9.41 and to a depth of 1.8m at the entrance of Shoal Bay Creek.
Wedge Point. The coast between Cape Masy and North Point, about 14.5
9.42

Port Meadows (12°01'N., 92°46'E.) is entered between

9.41 miles to the S, is bold and free from dangers. The land rises to
Wedge Point and Cape Persain, a little over 1 mile SW. The form a broken ridge which parallels the coast at a distance of
shores of the port are reef fringed and the low land is covered about 2 miles. Mount Koyob, a peak which rises to a height of
with mangroves. Cape Persain is the NE extremity of a fairly 459m, lies 6.8 miles N of North Point.
high hill which lies on a promontory separated from the coast
by mangroves. Port Blair (11°41'N., 92°45'E.)
9.42 Duncan Island (12°01'N., 92°47'E.), 90m high and World Port Index No. 49720
densely wooded, is connected to the shore W of Wedge Point
by a drying shoal. 9.43 Port Blair is entered between North Point and South
The entrance channel, which lies between Duncan Island and
9.42 Point, about 2.3 miles to the S. The port consists of an inlet 4
Cape Persain has a least depth of 20.1m. miles long which is entered through two channels, one on each
The E and S sides of Duncan Island are fringed by above-
9.42 side of Ross Island. The port is divided into an exposed outer
water and sunken rocks which extend up to 183m offshore. A harbor and a landlocked inner harbor. The port is the headquar-
prominent 5.5m high rock lies close off the SW side of the is- ters of the Chief Commissioner, who is representative of the In-

Pub. 173
304 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

dian Government for the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Exclusive Economic Zone, vessels must report the nationality of
Islands. The principal administrative offices lie at the village of all passengers and crew at 0230.
Aberdeen on the S side of the harbor about 1 mile WNW of Contact Information.—See table titled Port Blair—Con-
9.43

South Point. The port officer also resides at Aberdeen. Port tact Information.
Blair is the site of an Indian Naval Base, but has little commer-
cial importance. Port Blair—Contact Information
Winds—Weather.—Port Blair has a mean temperature of
9.43

28°C. Port
Tides—Currents.—The currents in Port Blair are weak and
9.43 Call sign Port Blair Port Control
are affected by the prevailing winds. The rates rarely exceed 1
VHF VHF channels 10, 12, and 16
knot. During the Northeast Monsoon, the current sets S and
during the Southwest Monsoon it sets between N and E. Heavy 91-3192-233-674
seas and swells occur in the outer harbor during the Northeast Telephone
91-3192-221-949
Monsoon. The inner harbor is sheltered and experiences no sea
or swell. The mean range of the tide is 1.4m and the spring Facsimile 91-3192-233-674
range is 2m. Port Authority
Depths—Limitations.—Considerable depths exist in the N
9.43

entrance channel between North Point and Ross Island. A 4m Call sign 91-3192-233-079
shoal lies in this channel about 0.4 mile ESE of Atalanta Point. VHF 91-3192-237-804
Depths of over 18.3m exist in the outer harbor and depths of
9.43

5.5 to 27.4m exist in the inner harbor. Web site [Link]

Port Radio Station
Depths at the anchorages range from 12.8 to 16.5m. Depths
9.43

alongside the berths range from 2.1 to 5.8m. An examination Call sign Port Blair Port Radio
anchorage area is shown on the chart. Radio 6224 kHz and 8294 kHz
Range beacons, best seen on the chart, lie S of Blair Reef
9.43

91-3192-233-683
and NE of Ranger Flat. Telephone
Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table ti-
9.43 91-3192-221-929
tled Port Blair—Berth Information.
Facsimile 91-3192-233-683
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 200 nrt.
9.43

The pilot boards 0.75 mile N of Ross Island. E-mail portblairportradio@[Link]

Regulations.—Vessels should send an ETA message 24
9.43

Pilots
hours in advance to Port Blair Port Radio, stating:
1. Vessel name. Call sign Pilot Station
2. Port of departure. VHF VHF channels 10, 12, and 16
3. Destination.
4. ETA. 91-3192-237-804
Telephone
5. Length, beam, maximum draft, and gross tons. 91-3192-221-885
6. Speed.
7. Number of people on board suffering from dangerous Facsimile 91-3192-237-804
or contagious diseases, if any.
8. Type and quantity of cargo. Signals.—Storm signals are displayed at the light station on
9.43

9. Agent’s name and requirements, if any. Ross Island; the Indian General System is used. Further infor-
Vessels should make VHF contact with the port when within
9.43 mation on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sail-
15 miles of the port. ing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and
Foreign vessels may not enter the territorial waters of the An-
9.43
Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
daman and Nicobar Islands without obtaining permission from Caution.—A submarine exercise area is located 35 miles
9.43

the Government of India and the Andaman and Nicobar Admin- SSE of Port Blair. A good lookout should be exercised in this
istration. All foreign vessels, including yachts, intending to enter vicinity. A submarine cable, best seen on the chart, extends
Port Blair must contact Port Blair Port Radio giving the vessel’s from close S of Port Blair and continuing NE to Havelock Is-
position, course, speed, and other particulars. After entering the land.

Port Blair—Berth Information

Berth Length Depth Remarks
South Phoenix Bay Terminal
No 01 130m 4.0m Fast ferries.
No 02 113m 5.0m Fast ferries.

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 305

Port Blair—Berth Information

Berth Length Depth Remarks
No 03 110m 5.0m Fast ferries.
No 04 — — Fast ferries.
No 05 100m — Fast ferries.
No 06 100m — Fast ferries.
Junglighat Terminal
Upper Pier 120m 4.0m General cargo, bulk cargo, and passengers.
Middle Pier 120m 4.0m General cargo, bulk cargo, and passengers.
Lower Pier 120m 4.0m General cargo, bulk cargo, and passengers.
Phoenix Bay Terminal
T-Jetty — 5.0m
Haddo Wharf
Haddo Wharf 695m 9.9m Clean products, LPG, cruise vessels, ro-ro, and containers,.

9.44 Ross Island (11°41'N., 92°46'E.) divides the entrance settlement of Hope Town lies at the head of the bay. The wharf
of Port Blair into a N channel and a S channel. The island is at Hope Town is 130m long, with an alongside least depth of
roughly triangular in shape and lies about 0.4 mile NE of South 8.4m.
Point. The former residence of the Chief Commissioner lies at Shore Point, the W entrance point of Bamboo Flat Bay, lies
9.45

an elevation of 45m on the highest part of the island about 1.5 about 1 mile W of Command Point. Some buildings lie at the
miles SSE of North Point. A dark stone building with battle- head of the bay. A small jetty extends from the shore in the
ments, about 17m high, lies on the N end of the island. NW corner of the bay. The W shore of the bay is fringed by
A power transmission line has been established between the
9.44 shoal ground which extends about 0.3 mile offshore.
SW coast of Viper Island and a pile SW of Tapping Point.
A reef fringes the island on all except a small part of its W
9.44 9.46 Port Blair—South shore.—Sesostris Bay (11°40'N.,
side. A shoal as defined by the 5m curve, extends about 0.3 92°46'E.) is entered between South Point and Atalanta Point
mile NW from the NW end of the island. (Atlanta Point), about 0.8 mile NW. The bay is almost com-
Storm signals are displayed from the lighthouse on the NE
9.44 pletely fouled by reefs and shoals. A 4.9m patch lies on a line
corner of the above-mentioned dark stone building. joining the entrance points, about 0.3 mile SSE of Atalanta
The following objects on the S side of the outer part of the
9.44 Point.
harbor are conspicuous: Sesostris Shoal (11°39'N., 92°01'E.), which consists of two
1. The mast and tower on Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point). coral patches with depths of 2.4m, lies about 1 mile S of the S
2. A temple 0.8 mile S of Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point). end of Ross Island. A 5.7m patch lies close NE of the E end
3. Mount Haughton, 154m high, about 1.5 miles S of At- and a 8.5m patch lies close S of the W end of Sesostris Shoal.
alanta Point. Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point) (11°40'N., 92°45'E.) is locat-
9.46

4. Flagstaff Hill, with an elevation of 122m, a little over ed 0.8 mile W of Ross Island; the point is fringed by a reef ex-
1 mile SSW of Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point). tending 137m offshore.
Phoenix Bay (11°40'N., 92°45'E.) is entered between Phoenix
9.46

9.45 Port Blair—North shore.—North Point (11°42'N., Point, about 0.8 mile W of Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point), and an
92°46'E.) is bordered by shoal ground, as defined by the 10m unnamed point about 0.4 mile to the W. Blair Reef, marked by
curve, which extends almost 0.3 mile S from it. some drying rocks, extends about 0.4 mile ENE from the latter
North Bay, entered between North Point and Perseverance
9.45 point. A 5.2m patch lies about 183m ESE of the outer extremity
Point, almost 1 mile SW, extends about 1 mile inland and is of Blair Reef. A lighted beacon stands 0.2 mile E of the group of
bordered on its W and N side by foul ground. Mount Harrier, islets close E of the drying extremity of Blair Reef. A conspicu-
about 1.8 miles NW of North Point, rises steeply to a height of ous building lies on the W shore of Phoenix Bay. Numerous
365m. Some buildings lie close to its summit. wrecks lie in the S part of the bay.
Semiramis Bay (11°42'N., 92°44'E.), small and deep, is en-
9.45 Blair Point (11°41'N., 92°44'E.), about 0.4 mile WNW of
9.46

tered between Lime Kilns Point and Command Point, almost 1 the W entrance point of Phoenix Bay, is fringed by a reef
mile WNW. Hope Town Jetty extends from the head of the bay. which extends about 0.1 mile offshore. A prominent 78m hill
Command Point is 4m high; a light is shown from a white con- lies S of the point.
crete tower, 6m high, on the point. A beacon lies 91m N of the Chatham Island (11°41'N., 92°44'E.), about 0.3 mile N of
9.46

light. Blair Point, is connected to it by a conspicuous causeway.

Command Bay lies on the W side of Command Point. The
9.45 Some buildings and a conspicuous chimney lie on the island.

Pub. 173
306 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

9.47 Port Blair—Inner port.—From Chatham Island, the should not pass between this rock and the point.
coast extends SW to Hood Point and then S to Navy Point, Portman Bay (11°25'N., 92°41'E.), which is open to heavy
forming the E side of the inner harbor. swells during the Northeast Monsoon, indents the E coast of
A conspicuous radio mast and a house lie about 0.7 mile E of
9.47 Rutland Island. The head of the bay is shallow.
Navy Point. Navy Bay lies between Navy Point and Lewis Rocks, both above and below-water, extend some distance
9.48

Point almost 1 mile SSW. An extensive pier has been con- off the S coast of Rutland Island. This coast should be given a
structed on the E end of Navy Bay. berth of 1.5 miles when passing.
Mangrove Bay (11°41'N., 92°43'E.), which is entered be-
9.47 Investigator Rock, which lies off the W end of the S coast of
9.48

tween Shore Point and Dundas Point, lies directly opposite Rutland Island, has been previously described in paragraph
Hood Point. This shoal bay dries in its inner part. A conspicu- 9.23.
ous white tree lies on the W side of the bay, about 0.8 mile W
of Shore Point. Islands, Dangers, and Passages between Rutland
Ranger Flat (11°41'N., 92°43'E.), having depths of less than Island and Little Andaman Island
5.5m, extends about 0.5 mile SSE and 0.5 mile E from Shore
Point. A 4.3m rocky patch lies almost 0.5 mile S of Shore 9.49 Manners Strait (11°20'N., 92°42'E.) lies between the
Point. Black conical buoys are moored 0.5 mile E, 0.4 mile SE, SE coast of Rutland Island and the Cinque Islands, about 3
and 0.5 mile SSW of Shore Point and mark the SE side of the miles SE. A detached shoal, with a least depth of 16.5m, lies
flat. about 4.8 miles W of the N end of North Cinque Island.
The head of the bay S and SW of Dundas Point is shoal and
9.47 A large shoal area, with depths of 11 to 18.3m, lies with its
9.49

obstructed by drying flats. shallowest part about 12.5 miles WSW of the N end of North
Anchorage.—Sheltered anchorage can be taken, in depths
9.47 Cinque Island.
of 11 to 12.8m, mud, about 0.5 mile WSW of Chatham Island, Depths in the strait, seaward of the fringing dangers, range
9.49

with the NW extremity of that island bearing 068°. from 22 to 75m.

Small vessels can anchor W of Ross Island, in depths of 14.6
9.47 A shoal with a depth of 5.5m, the existence of which is
9.49

to 16.5m, sand, between 0.1 and 0.2 mile SW of the NW end of doubtful, has been reported to lie 6 miles SSW from Rutland
Ross Island. This is a fair weather anchorage. Light on the S of the island.
Anchorage is prohibited in the vicinity of submarine cables
9.47

which extend from Ross Island to the mainland and between The Cinque Islands (11°17'N., 92°43'E.) are two hilly is-
9.49

Hood Point and Dundas Point. lands which are almost joined by a rocky ledge that dries 2.1m.
Directions.—Vessels entering Port Blair by way of the N
9.47 Two summits, 154 and 145m high, form a saddle near the N
channel should pass about 0.5 mile N of Ross Island, and then end of North Cinque Island. A small conical bare hill, 89m
about 0.3 mile S of Perseverance Point. Shore Point, bearing high, lies near the S end of the island. A promontory projects
less than 293° and open the E end of Chatham Island, leads N WNW from this hill.
of Blair Reef. A mid-channel course between Chatham Island North Clique Island Light is shown from its N summit.
9.49

and Command Point should then be steered. The NW end of South Cinque Island, 166m high, has a 117m high conical
9.49

Chatham Island should be rounded at a distance of about 183m hill near its S end.
and course altered to 237° which leads to the anchorage. Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 12.8 to 18.3m, coral
9.49

Vessels from S using the S entrance channel should keep At-

9.47 and sand, W of the drying ledge which almost joins the two is-
lanta Point (Atlanta Point) bearing about 313°, in line with the lands, with the W point of North Cinque Island bearing 349°.
light on Command Point. The rear beacon should not be con- Small vessels can anchor off the W side of the South Cinque
fused with the beacon situated on the extremity of Command Island, in a depth of 23.8m, with the conical hill at its S end
Point. When South Point bears 163°, the course can be altered bearing 168°, distant 1 mile.
N to keep the point astern on that bearing. When the N extrem- Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies approximately 1.7 mile
9.49

ity of Ross Island bears 090°, the course can be altered NW to SE of South Cinque Island.
pass midway between Blair Reef and Perseverance Point, and
then as directed above. Passage Island (11°11'N., 92°41'E.), 85m high at its N end
9.49

Vessels bound for the anchorage W of Ross Island should

9.47 but low at its S end, lies 3.3 miles SSW of South Cinque Island.
approach the S entrance channel as directed above. When A detached rock, 1.8m high, lies about 0.3 mile N of Passage
South Point bears 185°, the course should be altered N and the Island. A shoal, with a least depth of 11m, lies 2 miles WSW of
point kept on that bearing astern, which leads to the anchorage. the end of Passage Island. During spring tides, overfalls form
over this shoal. Small patches, with depths of 14.6 to 18.3m, lie
9.48 The E coast of South Andaman, between South Point S and NE of this shoal.
and Chirigatapu, about 11.5 miles SSW, is bold and deep, with The channel between South Cinque Island and Passage Is-
9.49

the 185m curve lying about 2.5 miles offshore. Sesostris Shoal, land is deep and clear, although tide rips occur during spring
the only coastal danger, has been previously described in para- tides.
graph 9.46.
Chirigatapu (11°29'N., 92°43'E.), the S end of South Anda-
9.48 9.50 The Sisters (11°09'N., 92°44'E.), two small islets, lie
man Island and the NE entrance point of Macpherson Strait, is close together about 3.5 miles SE of Passage Island. A ledge
a prominent bare promontory with some caves at its base. A connects the islets and a partly drying spit extends about 0.8
rock, 0.3m high, lies about 0.5 mile W of the point; vessels mile NW from this ledge. East Sister Island is 76m high and

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 307

West Sister Island is 70.7m high. extremity of Little Andaman Island.

Duncan Passage (11°04'N., 92°40'E.) lies between The Sis-
9.50 The NE coast of Little Andaman Island has not been closely
9.51

ters and North Brother Island, about 10 miles SSW, and is the examined. Hut Bay indents the SE coast of the island SE of its
main channel between Little Andaman Island and Rutland Is- summit.
land. Depths in the fairway range from 21.9 to 36.6m. Hut Bay (10°36'N., 92°35'E.) is an open bight on the E side
9.51

Shoal ground, with depths of 5 to 18.3m, lies between 2

9.50 of Little Andaman Island. Landing can be made through a gap
miles WNW and 3 miles NE of the N end of North Brother Is- in the reef close S of the village of Kwate-tu-Kwage. The Deep
land. A 12.3m patch lies about 1.5 miles E of the island. Water Wharf is 225m long, with an alongside depth of 11m.
Patches, having depths of less than 18.3m, lie between 3.3
9.50 The wharf is protected by a breakwater about 0.7 mile long.
and 6.5 miles WNW, through 7.3 miles NNW of the N point of Both the wharf and the breakwater were undergoing major ren-
North Brother Island. ovation in 2007. Clearance for entering the harbor can be ob-
The Brothers (10°59'N., 92°40'E.), two small flat-topped is- tained from port control on VHF channel 16.
lands, each 27m high, lie 10 and 14.5 miles SSW of The Sis-
ters. Each island is marked by trees and has a lagoon in the 9.52 Ten Degree Channel (10°22'N., 92°30'E.), which lies
middle part. North Brother Island is fringed by a reef which ex- between Little Andaman Island and the Car Nicobar, about 77
tends 1.8 miles WNW from it. miles to the S, is deep and clear. A depth of 7.3m was reported
Foul unsurveyed ground lies between the two islands. Lee-
9.50 (1977) to lie 4 miles S of Sandy Point, the SW point of Little
board Ledge, a detached shoal, lies about midway between the Andaman Island.
two islands. Foul ground extends about 5 miles WNW and 1.5 South Sentinel Island (paragraph 9.8) lies NW of Little An-
9.52

to 2 miles NNW from South Brother Island. In the latter direc- daman Island; Dalrymple Bank (paragraph 9.7) lies SW of Lit-
tion, the foul ground terminates in a reef, awash, which usually tle Andaman Island.
breaks. A reef lies SE of the island. A rock, awash, lies about 8 Invisible Bank (paragraph 9.7), Barren Island (paragraph
9.52

miles WNW of South Brother Island. 9.9), and Narcondam Island (paragraph 9.8), which lie E of the
Andaman Islands, have also been previously described.
9.51 Little Andaman Island (10°42'N., 92°31'E.), the S Caution.—A submarine exercise area, in which submarines
9.52

island of the Andaman group, lies almost 28 miles S of Rutland exercise frequently, lies between Little Andaman Island and
Island. The island appears almost level from a distance, but ris- Car Nicobar Island.
es gradually to a 183m summit near its center. The island is
well-wooded. The Nicobar Islands
The passage between Little Andaman Island and South
9.51

Brother Island has not been closely examined and should be 9.53 Car Nicobar Island (9°15'N., 92°46'E.), the N island
avoided. of the group, lies about 77 miles SSE of Little Andaman Island.
The low N side of Little Andaman Island is indented by Bu-
9.51 The island is densely wooded, mostly coconut trees.
mila Creek, which is difficult to make out until close off the en- The island has been reported to be a good radar target up to
9.53

trance. A breaking reef extends almost across the entrance. 14 miles.

Anchorage for small vessels with local knowledge can be
9.51 Sawai Bay (9°14'N., 92°45'E.) indents the NW coast, be-
9.53

taken about 0.4 mile N of the creek entrance, in a depth of tween Keating Point and Hog Point, about 3.5 miles to SW.
14.6m, coral, with the entrance bearing 158°. This anchorage Foul ground extends 1 mile N from Keating Point and 0.5 mile
should be approached from the NW because the depths to the N from Hog Point. Sawai Village lies 0.5 mile SE of Hog
NE are irregular. The tidal currents set E and SE at the anchor- Point.
age. A strong ebb sometimes flows out of the creek. The tidal currents off Sawai Bay set NE on the flood tide.
9.53

Jackson Creek (10°48'N., 92°24'E.), which lies about 9

9.51 An observation spot lies on a small promontory that extends
9.53

miles SW of Bumila Creek, can be identified by a conspicuous WNW from the coast about 1 mile S of Keating Point. Keating
square clump of trees near the bank which falls abruptly to the Point Light is shown from a round metal tower on the point; a
waters edge. A reef appears to extend 0.8 mile N from the W racon and a radio beacon transmit from the tower.
entrance point of the bay into which the creek discharges. A coral patch, with a least depth of 10.1m, was reported to
9.53

Anchorage has been reported available, in a depth of 13.7m,

9.51 lie about 0.7 mile NW of the observation spot. A 9.1m patch
about 1 mile NNW of the entrance of the creek. Some promi- lies 0.8 mile WNW of the same spot.
nent, cliffy islands lie in the NE part of the bay. Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 21.9m, rock and coral
9.53

The coast, between Jackson Creek and Sandy Point, the SW

9.51 over a thin layer of sand, about 0.8 mile N of Sawai Village.
end of Little Andaman Island about 16 miles to the S, appears Anchorage can also be taken in similar depths just over 1 mile
to be fringed by a reef. The coast close S of the creek is cliffy. W of the observation spot. Small vessels with local knowledge
A conspicuous sandy patch lies about 2 miles S of the W en-
9.51 can anchor closer inshore off the observation spot.
trance point of the creek. A rocky reef extends about 1 mile Arong Village (9°09'N., 92°43'E.) lies 3 miles S of Hog
9.53

WSW from Sandy Point. Point. Anchorage can be taken about 0.5 mile W of the village,
A light is shown from a round concrete tower 6 miles E of
9.51 in depths of 16.5 to 20.1m. Vessels should approach the an-
Sandy Point. chorage with the village bearing 090°.
Api Island (10°39'N., 92°23'E.), a good landmark, lies close
offshore about 9 miles S of Jackson Creek. 9.54 Kimois Bay (9°07'N., 92°46'E.) is a slight indentation
A drying reef extends almost 0.8 mile offshore from the SE
9.51 on the S side of the island. Kimois Village, fronted by a beach,

Pub. 173
308 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

lies close W of a well-defined entrance of a creek. A village Batti Malv Island has been reported to be a good radar target
9.56

lies close E of this entrance. A reef is reported to lie about 0.2 up to 11 miles.
mile offshore. Chowra Island (8°27'N., 93°04'E.), which lies about 24
9.56

The tidal currents set ESE on the flood at a rate of 3 knots at

9.54 miles SSE of Batti Malv Island, is generally low but rises to a
springs and in the opposite direction on the ebb. Small vessels 104.5m high rocky pinnacle at its S end. The island looks like a
with local knowledge can anchor, in depths of 18.3 to 21.9m, hat from seaward. Sanenya, the principal village, lies on the
about midway between the two villages. NE coast. Chowra Island has been reported to be a good radar
Kakana (9°07'N., 92°48'E.), a small village, lies about 2
9.54 target up to 23 miles.
miles SW of the SE end of Car Nicobar. Reefs extend about 1.5 miles from the NW side of the island.
9.56

Mus (9°14'N., 92°47'E.), the principal village on the island

9.54 A shoal, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies between 2.5 miles NW
and the residence of the Assistant Commissioner, lies 0.8 mile and 4 miles NNW of the N point of Chowra Island. Depths of
SE of Keating Point. The village lies at the head of a small in- 16.5 to 18.3m are found between the shoal and the island reef.
let. Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, abreast
9.56

Vessels can anchor about 0.7 mile NE of Mus, in a depth of

9.54 of Sanenya Village.
16m, with Keating Point Light bearing 278°. Vessels may drag
anchor because of the strong currents at springs. 9.57 Tillanchang Dwip (8°31'N., 93°38'E.) lies with Cape
Malacca Village (9°10'N., 92°49'E.) lies on the S side of a
9.54 Winifred, its S end, about 34 miles E of Chowra Island. Maha-
small bight, about 6 miles SE of Keating Point. A small mason- rani Peak, the highest of several peaks forming a jagged ridge
ry jetty, which dries completely at LW, serves as a good land- along the length of the island, lies in the center of the island
mark. Two groups of beehive-shaped huts stand close N and S and attains an elevation of 244m. Tillanchang Dwip has been
of the jetty and lie out clearly in contrast to the jungle. A con- reported to be a good radar target up to 17 miles.
spicuous two-story house, painted white and green with a red Paira Rock (8°35'N., 93°36'E.), 86m high, lies 0.5 mile
9.57

roof, stands about 0.3 mile SSE of the jetty. A beacon stands NNW of Cape Maud, the N extremity of the island. Several de-
close SE of the two-story house. Two flagstaffs stand near the tached rocks lie up to 1 mile off the W side of the island. Praia
jetty; two more stand in the village. Rock has been reported to be a good radar target up to 19
A dangerous reef extends offshore close N of the jetty.
9.54 miles.
Stranded wrecks lie on this reef within 0.3 mile N and S of the Isle of Man (8°24'N., 93°39'E.), a detached rock, 111m
9.57

jetty head. high, lies about 2.8 miles SE of Cape Winifred. A chain of nee-
dle-like rocks lie between this rock and the cape.
9.55 The Nicobar Islands extend about 160 miles SSE An unexamined detached shoal, with a least depth of 20.1m,
9.57

from Car Nicobar, the N island of the group. These islands are lies about 9.5 miles SW of Cape Winifred.
a dependency of the Andaman Islands and are administered by Castle Bay (8°27'N., 93°38'E.), which lies on the SE coast
the Assistant Commissioner who resides at Mus, Car Nicobar. of the island about 2 miles N of Cape Winifred, is deep and
The islands range from hilly and undulating to mountainous clear in its central part.
and volcanic. There are few rivers. A rock, awash, lies about 0.3 mile S of Castle Bay Point, the
9.57

The Nicobar Islands are usually divided into three groups.

9.55 N entrance point of the bay. Foul ground, with depths of less
The N group consists of Car Nicobar and Batti Malv Island. than 9.1m, extends about 0.2 mile S from the rock. A danger-
The S group consists of Great Nicobar Island and Little Nico- ous wreck lies in shoal water about 0.3 mile SSW of Castle
bar Island, together with their off-lying islets. The central Bay Point.
group includes all the remaining islands of the Nicobar Islands. During fair weather, anchorage can be taken, in depths of
9.57

Nancowry Harbor, between the islands of Camorta, Nancowry, 25.6 to 27.4m, with Castle Bay Point bearing 062°, distant
and Trinkat, is perhaps the most important and best sheltered about 0.5 mile.
harbor.
The channels between the groups of islands and between the
9.55 9.58 Teressa Island (Tarasa Dwip) (8°18'N., 93°07'E.),
individual islands have irregular depths, but are for the most roughly crescent-shaped and low in its central part, lies 6.5
part deep and clear of dangers. miles SE of Chowra Island. It appears as two separate islands
from the offing. The N end of the island is 250m high. Hinam
The Nicobar Islands—North Group Village lies 4.5 miles SSE of the N summit and is only visible
from seaward on a NE bearing. Laksi Village, which consists
9.56 Car Nicobar Island, the N island of the group, has of some huts amongst the trees, lies 4 miles SE of Hinam Vil-
been previously described in paragraph 9.53. lage. The village is hard to identify from seaward. Bengala Vil-
Batti Malv Island (8°50'N., 92°51'E.), which lies about 17
9.56 lage lies on the E side of the island about 2 miles S of its NE
miles SSE of Car Nicobar, appears wedge-shaped from the off- extremity. Karawa Village lies 3.5 miles farther S.
ing. This very small island rises to a densely wooded peak Reefs extend over 1 mile from the N and S ends of the island,
9.58

about 73m high. The NW end of the island is low, but rocky but less off the W coast.
cliffs lie on the other sides. Reefs appear to extend 0.5 mile off Anchorage can be taken by small vessels with local knowl-
9.58

the NW, SW, and SE sides of the island. The 40m curve sur- edge close off Hinam Village, in depths of 11 to 25.6m. Small
rounding the island lies up to 5 miles SE and 2.8 miles N of the vessels can also anchor, in a depth of 25.6m, coral and coarse
island. A light is shown from a metal framework tower, 12m sand, SSW of Laksi Village, about 0.5 mile seaward of the
high, on the N side of Batti Malv. coastal reef.

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 309

Small vessels with local knowledge sometimes anchor, in a

9.58 from the NW end of the island. A shoal, as defined by the 20m
depth of 45.7m, about 0.5 mile off Bengala Village, with the curve, extends about 1.8 miles NW from the same point.
NE end of the island bearing 006°, the E end bearing 146°, and
the N end of Bompoka Island bearing 115°. This is a fair 9.60 Sanderson Rock (8°07'N., 93°27'E.), which has a
weather anchorage. least depth of 1.5m, lies about 2.3 miles NW of the entrance of
Teressa Island has been reported to be a good radar target up
9.58 Dring Harbor. The rock lies near the W extremity of a shallow
to 25 miles. shoal that extends 10.3 miles offshore.
Bompoka Island (8°14'N., 93°14'E.) lies 1.8 miles NE of
9.58 A rocky shoal, with a least depth of 8.2m, lies 0.5 mile off-
9.60

the SE tip of Teressa Island and is 204m high. The intervening shore about midway between the entrances of Dring Harbor
channel seaward of the fringing dangers is deep. Poahat Village and Expedition Harbor.
lies on the W side of the island. Temporary anchorage can be taken almost anywhere off the
9.60

Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor about 0.3

9.58 W coast of Camorta Island, N of Exposition Harbor, in depths
mile offshore with the village in range 040° with the N peak of of 18.3 to 36.6m, poor holding ground. Vessels anchoring S of
the island. Seaward of this position the depths decrease rapidly the harbor are advised to anchor in depths of 36.6m.
and caution is advised. Vessels can anchor off Kaihoa Village, in depths of 12.8 to
9.60

16.5m, about 1 mile offshore. Perseus Reef provides no protec-

9.59 Camorta Island (8°09'N., 93°29'E.), separated from tion during the Southwest Monsoon.
Tillanchang Dwip to the NNE by a channel about 12 miles Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 17.4m, off the en-
9.60

wide, is very irregular in shape and hilly. A 52m hill lies close trance of Dring Harbor, about 0.7 mile W of the S entrance
to the NE end of the island; a 186m high hill lies 1 mile N of point, with that point bearing 089° and in line with a 64m hill
the S end of the island. A 132m hill lies at the SE end of a near the head of the harbor. This is considered to be the best
range of hills that extends 4 miles SE from a position 1 mile SE anchorage off this coast, because there is little or no current.
of the NW end of the island. Mount Edgecumbe, a tree-covered From the NE point of Camorta Island, about 1.5 miles E of
9.60

hill 109m high, lies about 4.3 miles N of the S end of the is- Horace Point, the E coast of the island curves SSW and then
land. SSE in a wide curve for about 8.5 miles and then S for 3.5
Several villages and huts lie along the shores of the island.
9.59 miles to Naval Point. A beacon lies about 0.8 mile N of this
The W coast is indented by bays which form Dring Harbor
9.59 point. This point forms the N side of the E entrance of Nan-
and Expedition Harbor. Nancowry Island lies close S of and cowry Harbor. An L-shaped jetty extends from a position close
overlaps the S end of Camorta Island. Nancowry Harbor, a se- WNW of Naval Point, and has a depth of about 11m at its sea-
cure landlocked inlet, lies between them. ward end. A reef extends up to 1 mile offshore along this entire
The NE coast of Camorta Island has not been closely exam-
9.59 stretch of coast except off Moshoit Village, where it lies only
ined. The SE side of the island is separated from Trinkat Island 0.3 mile off. The village lies about 4 miles SSW of the NE
by Beresford Channel. The E entrance of Nancowry Harbor point of the island. This coastal reef is easily seen under favor-
lies between the SE end of Camorta Island and the NE end of able light conditions.
Nancowry Island. The approach to this entrance leads through Caution is necessary when approaching this coast between
9.60

Beresford Channel. the NE end of Camorta Island and the N entrance of Beresford
A coral bank, with depths of 25.6 to 27.4m, lies about 6
9.59 channel, because this area has not been closely examined.
miles ENE of Horace Point, the N extremity of Camorta Island. Trinkat Island (8°05'N., 93°35'E.), which lies between 1.5
9.60

Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents off the E coast of

9.59 and 2.5 miles E of the S part of Camorta Island, is separated
Camorta Island, between a position about 2 miles WNW of the from that island to the W and NW by False Bay and Beresford
NW end of that island and a position between the entrances of Channel. Trinkat Island is low, level, and covered by coconut
Expedition and Nancowry Harbors, set S on the flood and N on trees. An extensive reef surrounds the island. Morrel Point, the
the ebb. At springs, the N current attains a rate of 3 knots about S end of the island, is marked by a beacon.
2 to 3 miles offshore. The S current attains a rate of 0.8 to 1.3 Beresford Channel (8°07'N., 93°33'E.) is entered from the
9.60

knots. At neaps, the N current attains a rate of 0.8 to 1.3 knots S through False Bay. Both shores are fronted by reefs and
and the S current a rate of 0.3 to 0.8 knot. shoals that extend almost 0.8 mile offshore. A number of
At springs, tide rips frequently occur at various places all
9.59 shoals, with depths of 5.5 to 11m, lie in the middle of the S part
along the coast at variable distances offshore. of the channel. The channel on both sides of Middle Reef,
The W coast of Camorta Island, between Horace Point and
9.59 which lies about 3.5 miles NNW of Morrel Point, is about
Kaihoa Village, almost 3.8 miles SW, is reef-fringed up to 0.5 183m wide. The W channel has depths of 7.6 to 25.6m and the
mile offshore. From the village the coast extends SW for 1.3 E channel has depths of 5.8 to 20.1m. The area N of Trinkat Is-
miles and then S for 7.5 miles to Cave Point, the N entrance land has not been closely examined.
point of Expedition Harbor. Dring Harbor, which is available
only to boats, is entered 2.3 miles N of Cave Point. Expedition Harbor and Grand Harbor
A 22m shoal lies about 6.5 miles NW of Cave Point.
9.59

The coast, between Satellite Point, the S entrance point of

9.59 9.61 Expedition Harbor (8°03'N., 93°30'E.) is landlocked
Expedition Harbor, and Reef Point, the S extremity of the is- and, together with Grand Harbor, its extension to the NE, is of
land, is fringed by a narrow reef. This latter point is the N en- considerable size. A low narrow peninsula separates Expedi-
trance point of the W entrance of Nancowry Harbor. tion Harbor from Nancowry Harbor to the S. The entrance of
Perseus Reef (8°10'N., 93°27'E.) extends about 0.8 mile W
9.59 Expedition Harbor lies between Cave Point and Satellite Point,

Pub. 173
310 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

about 0.3 mile SSE. lets. The harbor can be entered by deep-draft vessels either
The S and E sides of the harbor are indented by coves, and
9.61 through the E or W entrance during either monsoon to take
are fringed by reefs and mangroves. Hoau Village lies about sheltered anchorage. Both entrances are readily identified from
0.3 mile ESE of Edgecumbe Point. The latter point lies a little the offing. The harbor consists of four bays, Satellite Bay and
over 1 mile NE of Satellite Point. The coast from Edgecumbe Fort Bay on the N side, and Wasp Bay and Spiteful Bay on the
Point extends E and N to Edye Point, about 0.9 mile NNE, the S side. Cross Harbor lies between Fort Bay to the N and Spite-
S entrance point of Grand Harbor. ful Bay to the S.
Wasp Point (8°03'N., 93°29'E.) lies about 0.3 mile SE of
9.61 Nancowry Harbor has been reported to be a good radar target
9.62

Cave Point and forms the inner entrance point of the harbor. up to 25 miles.
The coast from Wasp Point extends NNE for 0.7 mile to Devils Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set E on the flood and
9.62

Point, then N and NE for about 1.3 miles to the N entrance W on the ebb. These currents have considerable strength in the
point of Grand Harbor. A conspicuous palm tree lies close N of entrances, but are very weak within the harbor. Between Man
this point. Point and Indian Point the currents are very strong on both
Grand Harbor is entered between Edye Point, the N end of
9.61 tides.
the promontory separating Grand Harbor from Expedition Har- Depths—Limitations.—The depths in the W entrance are
9.62

bor, and a point about 0.3 mile to the N. The harbor is about 2 over 18.3m and the depths in the E entrance range from 11 to
miles long in a N and S direction. Two creeks indent the E 42m. A depth of 22m exists in the three recommended anchor-
shore. The bay at the N of the harbor is foul. age areas.
Depths—Limitations.—Coral patches, which dry 1.2m, lie
9.61 Although providing excellent shelter for all types of vessels,
9.62

0.2 mile SSE of Cave Point. the harbor has few facilities. The residence of the Government
A channel, about 91m wide and having depths of over
9.61 Agent lies about 0.3 mile WNW of Naval Point.
18.3m, forms the inner entrance of Expedition Harbor, between A stone jetty, 119m long, with wooden extension projecting
9.62

the reefs fringing Wasp Point and Satellite Point. The channel about 100m SW and W from its head, lies about 0.3 mile
passes about 91m N of the latter point. WNW of Naval Point. There are depths of about 11m at the
Middle Reef, an extensive drying shoal, lies in the middle of
9.61 outer end of the jetty. The approach to the jetty requires much
the fairway, abreast of Devils Point. A channel, about 183m attention as there are shoals and rocks in the vicinity.
wide and having depths of 12.4m, leads between the SE end of A wooden jetty, 72m long and 6.1m wide, extends in a W di-
9.62

Middle Reef and the reef fringing Edgecumbe Point. rection from the shore about 0.2 mile SSW of Mayo Point.
A drying reef extends 0.2 mile SE from Foul Point, about 0.5
9.61 The W entrance of the harbor lies between Reef Point and
9.62

mile NE of Devils Point. A channel, about 183m wide with a Man Point on the N side and Burleigh Rock and Indian Point
least depth of 23.8m, leads between the SW end of this reef and on the S side. The latter point, which forms the NW extremity
the N end of Middle Reef. of Nancowry Island, lies NE of Burleigh Rock. The W en-
Grand Harbor has depths of 7.3 to 14.6m in its middle part.
9.61 trance can be identified by vessels up to 5 miles offshore by the
Foul ground extends up to 0.3 mile off the salient points. trend of the coast inland to form its S side. Reef Point can be
Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor, in 18.3m, mud, with Dev-
9.61 identified by a white mark on it and would otherwise be very
ils Point bearing 340°, distant 0.3 mile. Vessels intending to difficult to identify. This mark cannot be relied on. Man Point
stay are advised to use Nancowry Harbor, because of the is also difficult to identify. There is a least depth of 11.9m in
swarms of mosquitoes which infest this anchorage. the fairway of the entrance which is about 183m between the
Directions.—Vessels wishing to enter Expedition Harbor
9.61 dangers on each side.
are advised to wait until the sun is high, and is possible to enter Northbrook Patch (7°59'N., 93°29'E.), which has a least
9.62

at LW, when all the fringing reefs and dangers are visible. Ves- depth of 3m, lies about 0.3 mile SSW of Reef Point. Shoal
sels approaching from the N or S should keep at least 1 mile off patches lie between this danger and the coast to the W of the
the coast until abeam of the entrance. When Hoare Village point.
opens out in the entrance and bears 071°, vessels should alter Burleigh Rock, 7.3m high and topped by a wooded summit,
9.62

course to this heading taking care to avoid the fringing dangers is joined to the SE by a reef. Foul ground extends about 137m
on both sides of the channel. When Devils Point bears 000°, NW and 91m N from the rock. A patch, with a depth of 7.6m,
course can be altered to the NNE which leads to the recom- lies 0.2 mile SSW of the rock.
mended anchorage. The approach to the E entrance lies between Morrel Point,
9.62

Vessels not having local knowledge should not proceed

9.61 the S extremity of Trinkat Island to the NE, and Laire and Reid
above Devils Point into Grand Harbor until the N end of Mid- Points to the SW. The latter two points lie on the NE coast of
dle Reef and the SW end of the drying reef fringing Foul Point Nancowry Island. Trinkat Island is easily distinguished from
are clearly visible. Camorta Island, which is higher and more open.
A disc beacon lies on Reid Point and a similar beacon lies
9.62

Nancowry Harbor (8°01'N., 93°31'E.) about 91m NNW of Morrel Point.

The coast between Laire Point and Reid Point is fronted by
9.62

World Port Index No. 49740 an extensive reef which extends up to 0.5 mile offshore. The
edge of this reef, except at HW and on very calm days, is
9.62 Nancowry Harbor lies between the S coast of Camor- marked by breakers.
ta Island and the N coast of Nancowry Island. This spacious, A shoal, with a least depth of 4.9m lies on the edge of the
9.62

landlocked harbor is deeply indented by several bays and in- shore bank, about 0.4 mile ENE of Reid Point. A 9.8m patch

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 311

lies near the center of the channel about 0.5 mile NE of the Cross Harbor (8°02'N., 93°32'E.) is entered from the W be-
9.62

same point. tween Alfred and Leda Points and from the E between Naval
Eastern Shoals (8°02'N., 93°34'E.), a large shoal area with
9.62 and Mayo Points. Depths in the harbor area range from 21.9 to
depths of less than 11m, extends from 1 mile SSW to 1 mile 53.1m, mud.
WSW of Morrel Point. Depths of 7.6 and 8.5m lie close within Fort Bay (8°02'N., 93°31'E.), entered between Alfred Point
9.62

the outer edge of Eastern Shoals. and Ray Point about 1 mile ENE, recedes about 0.8 mile NNW.
The dangers N of an imaginary line joining Naval Point and
9.62 The latter point can be identified by two radio masts which lie
Morrel Point have been previously described with Beresford 0.2 mile to the NE. Battery Point, which lies 0.2 mile NW of
Channel in paragraph 9.59. Ray Point, can be identified by a conspicuous clump of casua-
The E entrance of Nancowry Harbor lies between Naval
9.62 rina trees about the same distance to the N. A flag staff lies
Point to the N, and between Reid and Mayo Points to the S. A close NE of Ray Point.
beacon lies on Mayo Point. Depths in the bay range from 14.6 to 23.8m in its central
9.62

Naval Point Light is shown from a structure 0.2 mile S of

9.62 part, shoaling gradually to the coastal reef which fringes its
Naval Point (8°02'N., 93°22'E.). shores. A wreck, with a depth of 14.6m, lies about 0.3 mile W
The entrance channel, which is about 0.2 mile wide between
9.62 of Ray Point.
the fringing dangers on either side, has a least depth of 11m. Spiteful Bay (8°01'N., 93°32'E.), the SE part of Nancowry
9.62

Shoal ground, as defined by the 10m curve, extends up to 0.3

9.62 Harbor, is entered between Mayo Point and Leda Point. A vil-
mile ESE and about 0.3 mile S from Naval Point. lage lies on the E shore of the bay, about 0.3 mile S of Mayo
The shore bank, as defined by the 10m curve, lies between
9.62 Point.
Reid and Mayo Points and extends up to 0.3 mile offshore A 5.5m patch lies about in the middle of the entrance, about
9.62

about midway between them. 0.3 mile ENE of Leda Point.

A detached 7.3m shoal lies 0.3 mile NW of Reid Point, close
9.62 Depths of 16.5 to 23.8m are found in the outer part of the
9.62

off the above bank. bay, shoaling gradually to the drying flats at its head. Shoals on
A white metal beacon with a ball topmark lies about 0.2 mile
9.62 the W side of the bay extend up to 0.3 mile offshore.
S of Naval Point near the edge of the reef. A similar beacon lies Anchorage.—There is an outer anchorage about 1 mile E of
9.62

1 mile N of the same point on the edge of the shore reef. Naval Point (8°02'N., 93°22'E.). The depth is 21.9m and the
Wasp Bay (8°00'N., 93°31'E.), which forms the SW part of holding ground is good. A long scope of chain is advisable as
Nancowry Harbor, lies between the W entrance and an imagi- the squalls off the land are sometimes heavy. The anchorage is
nary line drawn between Easter Point and Leda Point to the otherwise sheltered.
ENE. Itoe Village, which lies on the E shore of the bay about Excellent anchorage is provided in the outer part of Fort Bay,
9.62

0.5 mile S of Leda Point, serves as a good mark. in a depth of 21.9m, mud, with the previously-mentioned con-
Wasp Bay has depths of over 18.3m in its central part, but is
9.62 spicuous clump of trees bearing about 075°, distant 0.3 mile.
fouled by some dangers and irregular depths around its shores. The previously-mentioned wreck should be given a wide berth.
A shoal, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies 0.2 mile offshore
9.62 This anchorage is sheltered and little current is experienced.
about 0.5 mile NNE of Man Point, which lies 0.3 ENE of Reed Anchorage can be taken in the middle of the entrance of
9.62

Point. A shoal, with a least depth of 9.8m, lies about 0.7 mile Spiteful Bay, in a depth of 21.9m. This anchorage is somewhat
NE of the same point. Foul ground, with depths of less than exposed to the sea breezes.
11m, extends 0.3 mile SE and 0.5 mile ENE from Easter Point. Anchorage can be taken in the fairway of the E entrance of
9.62

A drying rock lies in the E part of the bay, a little over 1 mile
9.62 Nancowry Harbor, in convenient depths, on a line joining the
SSW of Leda Point and about 0.3 mile offshore. Shoals, with stone jetty and the village of Mala about 0.2 mile SSW of
depths of 4.9 to 12m, lie between this rock and the shore reef. Mayo Point.
Alfrey Shoal (8°01'N., 93°31'E.), having a depth of 9.7m,
9.62 Directions.—West entrance.—Vessels should approach the
9.62

lies almost in mid-channel, a little over 0.5 mile SW of Leda W entrance from the SW in order to avoid the dangers extending
Point. SSW from Reef Point and terminating in Northbrook Patch. The
Satellite Bay (8°02'N., 93°30'E.), which forms the NW part
9.62 conspicuous clump of casuarina trees near Battery Point, mid-
of Nancowry Harbor, is entered between Easter Point and Al- way between Man and Indian points, bearing about 039°, leads
fred Point, about 1.3 miles NE. Alfred Point has been reported SE of Northbrook Patch. When Reef Point bears 000°, steer on
to be a good radar target up to 21 miles. that bearing until Burleigh Rock bears 090°. Then gradually alter
A deep channel, about 0.3 mile wide, leads between the W
9.62 course to the NE, avoiding the foul ground which extends NW
side of Alfrey Shoal and the E side of the foul ground, which from Burleigh Rock, and course shaped to pass midway between
extends 0.5 mile ENE from Easter Point. Depths of 16.5 to Man Point and Indian Point. In passing between these points,
31.1m exist in the outer part of the bay. vessels should have good steerage way as the currents are strong
Satellite Patch (8°01'N., 93°30'E.), which lies about 0.7
9.62 and there are many eddies.
mile SW of Alfred Point, has a least depth of 4.1m. A 6.4m After passing Man Point, the course should be altered to
9.62

patch lies about 183m S of this patch, and shoal patches, with about 051°, and when about 0.8 mile off the village, course
depths of 5.5 to 11m, lie between Satellite Patch and the coast should be altered N, passing close W of Alfrey Shoal and E of
to the N and NW. the 4.8m shoal, about 0.3 mile W of Alfrey Shoal.
Shoal ground, as defined by the 11m curve, extends 0.3 mile
9.62 When Mayo Point bears about 080° and is open N of Leda
9.62

SSW from Alfred Point and 0.3 mile NW and N from Leda Point, alter course should be altered E and the radio masts NE
Point. of Ray Point should be steered for on a course of 055°. This

Pub. 173
312 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

course leads between the dangers extending from Leda and Al- Sombrero Channel
fred Points and into Fort Bay where anchorage can be taken as
convenient. 9.64 Sombrero Channel (7°41'N., 93°36'E.) separates the
East entrance.—Vessels approaching the E entrance should
9.62 central and S groups of the Nicobar Islands. The channel is 30
keep Reid Point bearing 281° and in line with Alfred Point. miles wide between Cape Albany and Sombrero Point, the N
This course leads S of Easter Point. When the right tangent of extremity of Little Nicobar Island. The depths in the channel
Trinkat Island bears 034°, the course should be altered N to are irregular, but there is deep water in mid-channel.
bring Bay Point Beacon to bear 309° and kept on that bearing Strong tidal currents set through this channel.
9.64

which leads NE of the reef fronting the coast between Laire A yellow clay patch, with a depth of 21.9m, lies in the W ap-
9.64

and Reid Points. proach to Sombrero Channel about 12 miles WSW of Cape Al-
When Mayo Point bears 261°, the course should be altered to
9.62 bany. Shoal patches may exist in this area.
268° to pass midway between Naval Point and the N shore of A detached coral bank, with a least depth of 17.1m, extends
9.64

Nancowry Island, about 0.5 mile S. This track passes 183m S up to 12 miles SSW of Cape Albany. Depths elsewhere on this
of a shoal with 5.8m of water above, located 0.5 mile SE of Na- bank range from 20.1 to 31.1m. This bank has been reported to
val Point and 0.2 mile N of another shoal with a depth of 6.7m be extending to the W.
on the S side of the entrance. When clear of Mayo Point, alter Miroe Island (7°31'N., 93°32'E.), low and small, lies 10.5
9.64

course to the N to clear the spit extending NW from Mayo miles WNW of Sombrero Point, the N extremity of Little
Point. Anchorage can be taken, as convenient, in Fort Bay. Nicobar Island. Miroe Island has been reported to be a good ra-
dar target up to 19 miles.
The Nicobar Islands—Central Group Trak Island (7°28'N., 93°37'E.) lies 5 miles WNW of Som-
9.64

brero Point; Treis Island lies 1 mile SE of Trak Island. Both is-
9.63 Katchall Island (7°56'N., 93°22'E.) is separated from lands are small, reef-fringed, and surrounded by sunken rocks.
Camorta Island and Nancowry Island to the NE by Revello A rock, which has a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about midway
Channel, which is about 3.8 miles wide and apparently free between Treis Island and Sombrero Point.
from dangers, except for a detached 12.8m patch which lies
about 4.5 miles NE of the SE end of Katchall Island. The island The Nicobar Islands—South Group
is densely wooded and rises to a height of 227m in its central
part. 9.65 Little Nicobar Island (7°20'N., 93°42'E.) is densely
Katchall Island has been reported to be a good radar target
9.63 wooded, with Mount Deoban rising to a height of 413m on the
up to 18 miles. central part, and the Empress Peak rising to 401m on the NE
Depths off the W side of the island are very irregular. Some
9.63 part of the island.
16.5 to 18.3m patches lie up to 4 miles off this coast. Little Nicobar Island has been reported to be a good radar
9.65

North Bay (8°00'N., 93°21'E.) is fringed by rocky cliffs on

9.63 target up to 23 miles.
either side. The NW coast between Sombrero Point and Pahua, about 6
9.65

East Bay (7°59'N., 93°25'E.), backed by steep cliffs and

9.63 miles SW and then about 7.5 miles S to Cape Edinburgh, is
Katchall Peak, indents the NE side of the island. Numerous fringed by a reef which extends up to 0.5 mile offshore.
rocks and foul ground encumber the bay and lie up to 1.5 miles Pulo Milo Island (7°24'N., 93°42'E.) lies about midway be-
9.65

off its shores. The depths in the bay range from less than 1m to tween Sombrero Point and Pahua, in the bight formed by these
more than 36.6m. A light is shown from a square tower, 24m two places. Two 5.5m patches lie in the channel between Pulo
high, situated on the N entrance point of East Bay. Milo Island and the coast of Little Nicobar Island, about 0.8
Hoinipoh Bay (7°58'N., 93°26'E.), a slight indentation, lies
9.63 mile ENE and 0.7 mile ESE of the N end of Pulo Milo Island.
close S of the S entrance point of East Bay. Anchorage can be A light is shown from a structure on the NE point of Pulo Milo
taken, in depths of 21.9 to 23.8m, with a conspicuous hut in the Island.
village bearing 256°, distant 0.5 mile. The bay is often visited The channel separating Pulo Milo Island from Little Nicobar
9.65

by trading vessels. Island is about 0.4 mile wide, but is narrower on the S side,
South Bay (7°53'N., 93°24'E.) indents the S coast of the is-
9.63 where the channel has not been closely examined. Depths of
land close W of its S end. The bay should not be entered be- less than 11m lie within 0.4 mile of Little Nicobar Island, E of
cause of the rocks and foul ground found within its limits. It Pulo Milo Island.
has been reported that Cape Albany, the S end of the island, An 18.3m patch lies about 14.5 miles W of Pulo Milo Island.
9.65

had extended 0.2 mile farther S then charted. Depths of 10.4m and 19.4m lie 2 and 3 miles W of Pulo Milo
West Bay (7°55'N., 93°20'E.) deeply indents the W side of
9.63 Island.
the island and is foul in its inner reaches. It has been reported Anchorage can be taken in the channel between Pulo Milo
9.65

that a SW swell occasionally sets into the bay during the Island and Little Nicobar Island, in depths of 16.5 to 23.8m,
Northeast Monsoon and that the tidal currents attain a rate of 2 sand and coral. This anchorage is sheltered.
knots across the entrance. A light is shown from a concrete Ileya (7°25'N., 93°42'E.), a small village, lies on the NE
9.65

tower, 11m high, situated on the N entrance point of West Bay. coast about 1.5 miles SSE of Sombrero Point. A small drying
Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 16.5m,
9.63 patch lies close E of the village.
about 1 mile SSW of the NW entrance point. Jansing Bay, a Menchal Island (7°24'N., 93°45'E.), small in extent and
9.65

small bight three miles NNW of West Bay, also provides good reef-fringed, lies 4 miles SE of Sombrero Point and 1.3 miles
anchorage about 1.5 miles to the NW in depths of 25m. off the NE coast of Little Nicobar Island. A depth of 11.9m ex-

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 313

ists in the intervening channel, but less depths may exist. Kondul Harbor (Pryce Channel) (7°12'N., 93°43'E.) is
9.68

Anchorage can be taken by vessels with local knowledge,

9.65 formed by the S side of Kondul Island and a bight in the NW
during periods of fair weather, in depths of 11 to 12.8m, about coast of Great Nicobar Island. A radio station is situated in
0.5 mile SW of Menchal Island. The tidal currents have been Mayaiya Village, about 0.3 mile N of the S part of Kondul Is-
reported to be strong, especially at springs. land.
The SE coast of Little Nicobar Island, which forms the NW
9.65 Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken off either the E or W
9.68

side of St. Georges Channel, is fairly steep-to. side of Kondul Island according to the direction of the wind.
The E anchorage has a depth of 12.8m about 0.5 mile offshore.
St. Georges Channel Depths of 18.3 to 21.9m exist in the W anchorage, but caution
is advised in its approach.
9.66 St. Georges Channel (7°17'N., 93°46'E.), which lies Kondul Harbor provides sheltered anchorage, in depths 21.9
9.68

between Little Island and Great Nicobar Island, has considerable to 31.1m, sand and coral, E or NE of the previously-described
depths in the fairway over an uneven bottom. Its W entrance has 4.6m shoal.
a least width of 3.8 miles reduced to a navigable width of 2.8 Caution.—Caution is advised when approaching Kondul Is-
9.68

miles by the shoals extending from both shores. land and the adjacent coast because uncharted dangers may ex-
The N side of the channel is free from off-lying dangers, ex-
9.66 ist. Lesser depths than charted have been reported to lie W of
cept in the W entrance, where depths of 14 to 16.8m, about 0.4 this island and may extend for a considerable distance offshore.
mile apart, were reported to lie 1 mile ESE of the S end of Lit- A rock, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies 0.7 mile W of the S end
tle Nicobar Island. A 32m shoal was reported to lie 0.7 mile S of the island.
of the same point. A 4.6m shoal, which has not been closely examined, lies
9.68

A bank, with a depth of 20.1m, the existence of which is

9.66 about 0.8 mile SSE of the SE end of the island.
doubtful, was reported to lie about in the middle of the E en- Ganges Harbor (7°13'N., 93°48'E.), which lies in a bight on
9.68

trance almost 3 miles NW of Kabra Island. the N coast of Great Nicobar Island about 5 miles E of Kondul
The tidal currents through this channel are strong.
9.66 Island, is entered between two points fouled by shoals. A spit,
with a depth of 6.4m at its outer end, extends almost 1 mile
Great Nicobar Island WSW from the E entrance point; foul ground lies S of the coral
head. A reef extends almost 0.5 mile NNE from the W entrance
9.67 Great Nicobar Island (7°00'N., 93°49'E.), the S and point.
largest of the Nicobar Islands, is well-wooded and fertile. Its A coral head, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies 1.5 miles N
9.68

NW end lies about 4 miles SSE of Little Nicobar Island. of the E entrance point. A shoal, which has two rocks with
The island rises to considerable heights throughout its length
9.67 depths of less than 1.8m on them, lies almost midway between
and is marked by steep-sided mountains covered by dense jun- this shoal and the dangers extending from both entrance points.
gle growth. Mount Thuillier rises to a height of 642m in the NE Anchorage.—Ganges Harbor provides anchorage, in depths
9.68

part of the S end of the island. A second ridge extends W from of 16.5 to 29.3m, coarse sand and clay, well clear of the previ-
this peak and a third ridge extends SW from a position near the ously-described dangers.
center of the main ridge.
Great Nicobar Island has been reported to be a good radar
9.67 9.69 Between the NW point of Great Nicobar Island, lying
target up to 23 miles. about 2.5 miles WSW of Kondul Island, and Teesta Point,
Caution.—The coast of the island appears to be reef-fringed
9.67 about 10 miles to the S, the W coast of Great Nicobar Island is
on all sides. The edge of the submarine plateau, from which the high and rugged. This coast has not been thoroughly examined
island rises, has not been clearly defined. It apparently extends and lesser depths than charted may lie between 2 and 4.5 miles
a considerable distance W from the coast. The W coast of the offshore.
island, which is fully exposed to the Southwest Monsoon, has Shoal patches, with depths of 12.8m and 19.5m, lie 6.5 miles
9.69

not been closely examined. Shoal depths of as little as 12.6m, W and 4.5 miles WNW of Teesta Point.
which are best seen on the chart, extend up to 9 miles off the W A depth of 16.9m lies about 7 miles NW of Teesta Point. A
9.69

coast of the island. Vessels are advised to use caution when ap- depth of 5.8m lies 2.5 miles SSE of Teesta Point; a report also
proaching the island. indicates that lesser depths may exist in the area.
A detached 18.3m shoal lies about 19 miles SW of the S end
9.67

of Great Nicobar Island. A detached 17.7m patch was reported 9.70 Casuarina Bay (7°01'N., 93°41'E.), of no commer-
(1975) to lie about 11.8 miles SSW of the same point. The po- cial importance, is entered close E of Teesta Point and recedes
sition of this latter depth is approximate. about 1 mile to the N.
Between the SE entrance point of Casuarina Bay and Pyg-
9.70

9.68 Between the NW point of Great Nicobar Island and malion Point (Indira Point), about 16.5 miles SSE, the coast is
the NW entrance point of Ganges Harbor, almost 5 miles ENE, indented by a number of small bays, none of which have been
the coast is slightly indented and reef fringed. A 6.4m shoal closely examined. The villages of Kopenheat and Taeangha lie
lies 1.5 miles off the N coast of Great Nicobar Island about 1.8 about 3 and 5 miles SSE of Casuarina Bay.
miles E of the N end of Kondul Island. A 0.9m patch lies about Pygmalion Point (Indira Point) has been reported to be good
9.70

2 miles farther E. radar target up to 21 miles. A light is shown from the point; a
Kondul Island (7°13'N., 93°43'E.), high and rocky on its N
9.68 racon transmits from the light tower.
side, rises to a height of 92m. The coast between Teesta Point and Pygmalion Point (Indira
9.70

Pub. 173
314 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

Point) is fronted by shoal ground which lies between 4 miles Between South Point and Pigeon Islet, about 5.5 miles to the
9.72

off the former point to 2 miles off Pygmalion Point (Indira S, the rocky coast has no pronounced indentations except for a
Point). Less water than charted has been reported to exist along small bay NW of the islet, which has not been closely exam-
this section of coast. ined. Good anchorage has been reported available in this bay.
Anchorage.—Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a
9.70 Depths of 31.1m have been reported to lie close off the bay
depth of 20.1m, in Casuarina Bay, about 1 mile S of the NW shores.
entrance point. Protection is provided during the Northeast
Monsoon. 9.73 Tenlaa Bay (7°02'N., 93°56'E.), which lies 3 miles S
Vessels with local knowledge can anchor in the entrance of a
9.70 of Pigeon Islet, is narrow and has depths of 33m near its head.
bight between the villages of Kopenheat and Taeangha, in a The bay is sheltered except from NE winds.
depth of 27.4m, about 1 mile offshore. Between Tenlaa Bay and the NE of Koal-ta-pain, a promon-
9.73

Extreme caution is advised when approaching the above an-

9.70 tory about 2 miles SE, the coast is rugged. The promontory
chorages because of the numerous reports of shallow depths. forms the NE side of Campbell Bay, a bight fully exposed to
Two small villages lie at the head of a bight about 8.5 miles
9.70 SE winds and seas. The entrance of the bay is difficult because
NNW of Pygmalion Point (Indira Point). A small island lies it is fouled by rocks. Cerberus Rock lies 0.4 mile S of the E en-
close inshore about 6.5 miles NNW of the same point. trance point of the bay.
A light is shown on the SW side of Campbell Bay, close
9.73

9.71 The E coast of Great Nicobar Island between Murray within its entrance.
Point, the NE extremity of Great Nicobar Island, and Pygmalion There is an L-shaped jetty, with a depth of 5m at its head, sit-
9.73

Point (Indira Point) about 29 miles to the S, is hilly, wooded to uated on the NE side of the bay; it is usually used only in good
the water’s edge, and indented by several bights. Mariners are weather. A breakwater, marked at its head by a light, extends
advised that this coast has not been closely examined. SW from Man Point.
Kabra Island (7°18'N., 93°51'E.), 63m high, lies in St. Range lights, situated close together at the head of Campbell
9.73

Georges Channel almost 3 miles N of Murray Point, the N end Bay and in line bearing 323.75°, lead in from seaward.
of Great Nicobar Island. Between Campbell Bay and Tara Point, about 7.5 miles
9.73

SSW, the coast forms a small bight which is indented at its

Trinkat Champlong Bay (7°13'N., 93°52'E.) is entered be- head. Boat Rock (6°56'N., 93°58'E.), awash, about 1 mile SE
tween Murray Point and Kerr Point, about 1.8 miles SE. The of the N entrance of the bight, has three smaller rocks close
NW shore of the bay is rocky and steep, with some coral heads SW of it.
extending up to 183m offshore. A sandy beach lines the S Mataita-anla, the S indentation in the above bight, lies about
9.73

shore. Two conspicuous rocks lie about 0.5 mile W and 0.8 1 mile WNW of Tara Point. Small vessels with local knowl-
mile WSW of Kerr Point. The W rock is flat-sided. edge can anchor in this indentation protected from SW winds
A coral reef, partly dry at lower water, extends about 0.2
9.71 and seas. Rocks and shoals restrict the available space.
mile offshore, NE of the W rock. Other dangers lie within the
6m curve. A shoal, as defined by the 20m curve, extends about 9.74 South Bay (6°48'N., 93°52'E.), entered between Hay-
2 miles NE from Murray Point. A depth of 4.6m lies near the ward Point (6°47'N., 93°52'E.), also known as Kwangtung
outer edge of this shoal. Point, about 3 miles SW of Tara Point and Pygmalion Point (In-
Anchorage.—Trinkat Champlong Bay provides good, safe
9.71 dira Point), about 3.8 miles farther SW, provides shelter during
anchorage for large vessels. Protection is provided during the the Northeast Monsoon. A sand bar blocks the entrance of the
Southwest Monsoon. A vessel anchored, in a depth of 51.2m, Galatea River, which flows into the head of the bay.
coral and shells, with Murray Point bearing 310°, distant al- Hayward Point has been reported to be a good radar target up
9.74

most 0.8 mile. to 20 miles.

Walker Island, about 1.5 miles NNE of Pygmalion Point (Indi-
9.74

9.72 Laful Anchorage (7°10'N., 93°54'E.), a small coastal ra Point), is flat, small and rocky. Several heaps of stones lie on
indentation, lies about 3.3 miles S of Kerr Point. A ledge, with the island. The island is prominent from the S, but is difficult to
depths of less than 9.1m and apparently steep-to, extends about make out from the E because of the high land behind it.
0.2 mile offshore. The coast in the vicinity is fairly steep-to. A breaking rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about
9.74

Protection is provided from W winds. 0.7 mile SSE of Hayward Point.

The anchorage should be approached by steering 270° for
9.72 A shoal, with a least reported depth of 5m, lies 0.5 mile S of
9.74

the middle of the S half of the sandy beach which is a good Pygmalion Point Light, which marks the S extremity of Great
mark. Anchorage can be taken when the coast S of the bight is Nicobar Island.
almost shut in by South Point, the S entrance of the bay. Care Vessels can anchor within the bay as convenient, in depths of
9.74

should be taken because the depth decreases rapidly. 16.5 to 18.3m.

Pub. 173
 Glossaries 315
Glossaries

Burmese

BURMESE English BURMESE English

A kyauk taung..................................................rocky mountain
kyauk hteyk............................................................rocky top
a-shae ............................................................................. east kyauk-cha-kan ..............................................anchorage area
a-nauk............................................................................ west kyun ............................................................................ island
B L
baamn...................................... range/row of hills, mountain laan .............................................................. road, path, way
baanm (pan) ....................range/row of hills, mountain peak lantaya..................................................... clear path, fairway
C M
chaung........................................................................ stream mee ........................................................................ light, fire
mee-pya ............................................... lighthouse, lightship
D
myauk .......................................................................... south
daan.......................................................... rank in file, range myit............................................................................... river
H T
hteyk....................................................................... top, peak taung ............................................................................ north
taung .............................................................. mountain, hill
I
taung daan....................................................mountain range
inn .................................................................................. lake taung gyi .......................................................large mountain
K Y
kan.........................................................................area, span ye ................................................................................. water
kaan.............................................................................. coast ye-gan (kan)......................................................... lake, pond
kaana ........................................ coast line, beach, river bank ye-dagun (dakun)....................................................waterfall
kyauk..............................................................................rock yoma ............................................................mountain range

Pub. 173
316 Glossaries

Hindi

HINDI English HINDI English

A kot ................................................................................... fort
M
ar ................................................................................ stream
mala .......................................................................mountain
B
malai ......................................................................mountain
bandar................................................................... anchorage mudi .......................................................................mountain
bet................................................................................ island
N
betta........................................................................mountain
bil ......................................................................lake, swamp nadi ............................................................................ stream
bum ................................................................ mountain, hill nala ............................................................................ stream
nam ............................................................................ stream
C
cheruvu........................................................................... lake P
chu.............................................................................. stream
pahar ......................................................................mountain
D
parbat .....................................................................mountain
dhar ..............................................................mountain range parvat .....................................................................mountain
dongar ............................................................................. hill po ...........................................................................mountain
durga .........................................................................hill fort pulo ............................................................................. island
durgam ......................................................................hill fort
R
E
eri ................................................................................... lake rann .................................................................... marsh, lake
eru .............................................................................. stream
sagar............................................................................... lake
G
sagara ............................................................................. lake
gad.............................................................................. stream suti ............................................................................. stream
ghat.................................................................................pass
giri..........................................................................mountain T
gudda.............................................................. mountain, hill
gutta ............................................................... mountain, hill tal ...................................................................... lake, swamp
tala ................................................................................. well
J
talab ............................................................................... lake
jhil .................................................................................. lake talao ............................................................................... lake
jhor ............................................................................. stream tapu ............................................................................. island
tivu .............................................................................. island
K
tlang ................................................... mountain peak, range
kas .............................................................................. stream
V
kayal...............................................................................inlet
kere........................................................................ lake, tank va ............................................................................... stream
khal.................................................................. stream, creek vagu ........................................................................... stream

Pub. 173
 Glossaries 317

Pakistani

PAKISTANI English PAKISTANI English

A khal ............................................................................... river
khand ............................................................................. pass
ab...................................................................... water, spring khari .................................................................stream, creek
an....................................................................................pass khor; khor .................................... stream, river mouth, inlet
koh ..............................................mountain, mountain range
B
kot .................................................................................. port
bandar......................................................................... harbor kotal ............................................................................... pass
bil ......................................................................swamp, lake kuh ................................................................. hill, mountain
bundar ............................................. mud dike, embankment
L
C
lak .................................................................................. pass
chah....................................................................spring, well lora ............................................................................. stream
chakul..........................................................................spring
N
char.............................................................................. island
chara........................................................................... stream nadi ............................................................................ stream
chauki...............................................................customhouse nal .............................................................................. stream
nala ............................................................................ stream
D
narai ............................................................................... pass
dar .............................................................................. stream nawar; nawar.................................................................. lake
darya..................................................................river, stream nullah ........................................... intermittent stream, gully
dasht .................................................................. desert, plain
P
dhand......................................................................... swamp
dhar ..............................................................mountain range padi ................................................................................west
dhor ............................................................................ stream pahaar ............................................................ mountain, hill
dimi ................................................................................ east
R
doab...................................................... plain between rivers
ras ....................................................................... cape, point
G
rud..................................................................... river, stream
gang............................................................................ stream
S
ghar .............................................mountain, mountain range
goth ..................................................................town, village sar (sur) .................................................. peak, summit, well
H T
hamun.....................................................salt lake, salt waste tangi .............................................................................gorge
haor ................................................................................ lake tar ................................................................................... well
hor ......................................swamp, fresh or brackish marsh taung .............................................................. hill, mountain
toba ................................................................................ well
J
toi ............................................................................... stream
jabal; jebel...........................................hill, mountain, island
W
jezirat .......................................................................... island
wah...................................................................canal, stream
K
Z
kalat.................................................................................fort
kand; kandao ..................................................................pass zarr .................................................................................. bay
kaur ...................................................................stream, river ziarat .................................................................tomb, shrine

Pub. 173
318 Glossaries

Thai

THAI English THAI English

A lek ................................................................................ small
lem .................................................................................cape
ao.......................................................................... bay, creek lom ................................................................................wind
arang............................................................................... coal luang ............................................................................ green
lueng .......................................................................... yellow
B
luong .............................................................................great
ban..............................................................................village
M
bang......................................................... village, settlement
bon ...............................................................................upper maenam, menam........................................................... river
buket............................................................... hill, mountain mai ................................................................................. new
buri ..................................................................................city me ................................................................................. river
menang ......................................................................district
C
muang ........................................................................... town
chaung, chong ...............................................................strait
N
D
dam............................................................................... black nam ................................................ water, tide, river, stream
dan.................................................. police or custom station nam-khun ..............................................................rising tide
dawang .........................................................................forest nam-long............................................................. ebbing tide
deng..................................................................................red nam-0 ................................................ begining of rising tide
din niau .......................................................................... clay nam-tem-khraye................................................... high water
doi, dowi ................................................................mountain naung ................................................................ lake, swamp
don ............................................................. island, high land nawi ....................................................................small, little
nei ......................................................................................in
F
nei-kwa .........................................................................inner
fai .................................................................................. light noi .......................................................................little, small
noi-kwa ........................................................................lesser
H
nok ...................................................................................out
hat, hatsai ..............................................................sand bank nok-kwa ........................................................................outer
hin ....................................................................... rock, shoal nong ................................... pond, pool, marsh, swamp, lake
hoi .............................................................................. stream
htoong ................................................................. field, plain P
hue..............................................................mountain stream
pa ................................................................................jungle
I
pak ............................................................................ estuary
ikan..................................................................................fish pak nam ........................................ bay, estuary, river mouth
phra ........................................................................... pagoda
J
phrayk ..................................................................... tributary
jankar .........................................................................anchor pom ................................................................................. fort
pu ................................................................... hill, mountain
K
R
kaler ............................................................................. north
kau................................................................................... hill rai .................................................farmland, square measure
khao............................................mountain, hill, peak, white roti................................................................................ bread
khlon ..................................................................... clay, mud rong................................................................. custom house
klong ................................................. canal, channel, stream
S
ko, koh ........................................................................ island
sai.......................................................................sand, gravel
L
sao-thong .................................................................flagstaff
laem........................................................................bay, cape sap....................................................................... great, large
lang...............................................................................lower sawuh ......................................................................... anchor
langtao..............................................................................bar sayuran................................................................. vegetables

Pub. 173
 Glossaries 319

THAI English THAI English

T tong koong ............................................................river bend
trumbu......................................................... dangerous shoal
ta...................................................................... landing place tuwak ...............................................................................old
thale.........................................................................sea, lake
thai ........................................................................... siamese
W
thang......................................................................road, path
thit-nua ......................................................................... north
thit-tai........................................................................... south wat .............................................................. buddhist temple
thit-tuan-ok..................................................................... east
thit-tuan-tok .................................................................. west Y
thi-thort-samor ..................................................... anchorage
tida angin.......................................................................calm yai-kwa ......................................................................greater
toko ......................................................................storehouse yord..................................................................................top
tong ........................................................................mountain yot ................................................................................. peak

Pub. 173
 321

How to use the Index—Gazetteer

Geographic names of navigational features are generally those used by the nation having sovereignty and are listed
alphabetically. Diacritical marks, such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to specific letters in certain foreign
languages, are not used in the interest of typographical simplicity.
Geographic names or their spellings do not necessarily reflect recognition of the political status of an area by the United States
Government. Positions are approximate and are intended merely as locators to facilitate reference to the charts.
To use as a Gazetteer note the position and Sector number of the feature and refer to the Chart Information diagram for the
Sector. Plot the approximate position of the feature on this diagram and note the approximate chart number.
To use as an Index of features described in the text note the paragraph number at the right. To locate this feature on the best
scale chart use the Gazetteer procedure above.

Index—Gazetteer

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para

A AURANGA RIVER 20 38 N 75 53 E 2.22

AUSTEN STRAIT 12 53 N 92 48 E 9.14
ABHAY ISLAND 17 45 N 94 29 E 7.42 AUSTEN STRAIT 12 54 N 92 53 E 9.28
ACHRA POINT 16 12 N 73 26 E 2.47 AVES ISLAND 12 55 N 92 57 E 9.30
ADAM'S PEAK 6 48 N 80 30 E 4.1 AZHIKAL 11 55 N 75 24 E 3.21
ADDU ATOLL 0 39 S 78 10 E 5.66
AGASTYA MALAI 8 37 N 77 15 E 3.35
AGATTI ISLAND 10 51 N 72 12 E 5.9 B
AGHNASHINI RIVER 14 31 N 74 20 E 3.8
AGNIMARI CHAR 22 00 N 88 08 E 7.5 BACON BAY 12 57 N 92 54 E 9.31
AGRA ROCK 18 07 N 83 46 E 6.33 BADAGARA 11 36 N 75 35 E 3.25
AGUADA BAY 15 29 N 73 47 E 2.52 BAILEY ISLAND 12 08 N 97 44 E 8.61
AHUNGALLA POINT 6 19 N 80 02 E 4.21 BAINDUR HEAD 13 52 N 74 36 E 3.13
AKAUKTAUNG 18 25 N 95 11 E 8.15 BALACHADI ROCKS 22 41 N 70 10 E 1.27
AKIRIFURI 4 38 N 73 24 E 5.38 BALACHIRI ROCKS 22 41 N 70 10 E 1.27
AKURALA POINT 6 12 N 80 03 E 4.22 BALESHWAR 21 29 N 86 57 E 7.3
AKYAB HARBOR 20 08 N 92 54 E 7.33 BALESHWAR ROAD 21 23 N 87 07 E 7.2
ALADDIN ISLANDS 9 43 N 98 03 E 8.94 BALESHWAR TEMPLE 19 50 N 85 56 E 6.40
ALAM PARAI FORT 12 16 N 80 01 E 6.11 BALISAHI POINT 20 51 N 86 58 E 7.2
ALANG SHIPBREAKING YARD 21 30 N 72 20 E 2.14 BANGADUNI ISLAND 21 33 N 88 52 E 7.12
ALAPPUZHA 9 30 N 76 20 E 3.31 BARDA HILLS 21 48 N 69 44 E 1.34
ALFREY SHOAL 8 01 N 93 31 E 9.62 BARDA RANGE 21 48 N 69 44 E 1.34
ALGUADA REEF 15 42 N 94 12 E 8.5 BARE ISLAND 12 25 N 98 26 E 8.57
ALICE ISLAND 11 21 N 98 31 E 8.78 BARONI ROCK 15 52 N 94 17 E 8.6
ALLANS ISLAND 12 21 N 98 11 E 8.60 BARREN ISLAND 12 16 N 93 51 E 9.9
ALLIGATOR HEAD 16 36 N 94 19 E 7.57 BARUVA 18 52 N 84 35 E 6.36
ALPHEE SHOAL 7 25 N 81 52 E 4.40 BASAVARAJADURG ISLAND 14 19 N 74 24 E 3.9
AMANAM 17 57 N 83 29 E 6.32 BASIN ISLAND 11 59 N 98 10 E 8.65
AMAZON POINT 16 29 N 94 41 E 8.8 BASSEIN 16 47 N 94 44 E 8.9
AMBU ISLET 19 08 N 72 47 E 2.29 BASSES DE PEDRO 13 05 N 72 25 E 5.5
AMBWAH BAY 17 16 N 73 13 E 2.41 BASWARAJ DRUG 14 19 N 74 24 E 3.9
AMENI ISLAND 11 07 N 72 44 E 5.7 BATAINA GALA 6 02 N 80 10 E 4.23
AMHERST POINT 16 05 N 97 34 E 8.23 BATTI MALV ISLAND 8 50 N 92 51 E 9.56
AMIE ISLAND 11 56 N 98 13 E 8.67 BATTICALOA LIGHT 7 45 N 81 41 E 4.42
AMINI ISLAND 11 07 N 72 44 E 5.7 BATTICALOA ROADS 7 46 N 81 41 E 4.42
ANDAMAN STRAIT 12 04 N 92 47 E 9.41 BEACON ISLAND 18 56 N 93 27 E 7.43
ANDERSON ROCK 12 26 N 92 59 E 9.33 BEAUCHAMP REEF 13 27 N 93 04 E 9.24
ANDREWS BAY 18 20 N 94 20 E 7.53 BEDI 22 31 N 70 02 E 1.26
ANDROTH ISLAND 10 49 N 73 41 E 5.8 BELEKERI BAY 14 42 N 74 15 E 3.7
ANGEDIVA ISLAND 14 45 N 74 07 E 3.5 BELEKERI POINT 14 42 N 74 15 E 3.7
ANJADIP ISLAND 14 45 N 74 07 E 3.5 BENTINCK ISLAND 11 45 N 98 02 E 8.69
ANJENGO 8 40 N 76 46 E 3.35 BENTINCK POINT 15 29 N 97 44 E 8.25
ANNE ISLAND 11 20 N 98 00 E 8.70 BENTINCK SOUND 15 35 N 97 42 E 8.26
ANT ISLET 12 42 N 98 19 E 8.51 BENTOTA GANGA 6 26 N 80 01 E 4.21
AO KAULAK 8 36 N 98 15 E 8.107 BERESFORD CHANNEL 8 07 N 93 33 E 9.60
APAW-YE KYUN 18 23 N 94 19 E 7.53 BERKELEY ISLAND GROUP 12 56 N 92 54 E 9.30
API ISLAND 10 39 N 92 23 E 9.51 BERNARD ISLAND 11 11 N 98 16 E 8.72
ARGO FLAT 21 44 N 89 57 E 7.16 BERUWALA POINT 6 28 N 79 58 E 4.20
ARI ATOLL 3 55 N 72 50 E 5.42 BETUL POINT 15 08 N 73 57 E 2.55
ARIYADDU CHANNEL 3 25 N 72 53 E 5.46 BEYPORE 11 10 N 75 48 E 3.28
ARMAGON SHOAL 13 54 N 80 18 E 6.16 BHATKAL FORT 13 58 N 74 32 E 3.12
ARNALA ISLAND 19 28 N 72 44 E 2.26 BHAVNAGAR 21 46 N 72 14 E 2.16
ARONG VILLAGE 9 09 N 92 43 E 9.53 BHIMUNIPATNAM 17 54 N 83 29 E 6.32
ASAR MATA 22 50 N 69 13 E 1.9 BIG TOP ISLAND 9 58 N 98 13 E 8.91
ASIRGARH SHOAL 20 28 N 92 28 E 7.27 BILADU 3 09 N 72 59 E 5.52
ATALANTA BAY 13 16 N 93 04 E 9.27 BILUGYUN ISLAND 16 23 N 97 31 E 8.21
ATALANTA POINT 11 40 N 92 45 E 9.46 BILUGYUN SANDS 16 10 N 97 32 E 8.22
AUCKLAND BAR 21 45 N 87 59 E 7.5 BIRDS NEST ISLANDS 12 53 N 98 15 E 8.46
AUCKLAND BAY 12 07 N 98 32 E 8.56 BIRDS NEST ROCKS 9 47 N 98 11 E 8.95

Pub. 173
322 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
BLACK POINT 9 06 N 80 54 E 4.52 CHAUKDAW ROCK 13 46 N 98 11 E 8.40
BLACK ROCK 11 23 N 97 40 E 8.70 CHAVES SHOAL 10 04 N 98 17 E 8.92
BLACK ROCKS 19 38 N 93 29 E 7.35 CHEDUBA 18 58 N 93 38 E 7.43
BLAIR POINT 11 41 N 92 44 E 9.46 CHEDUBA ISLAND 18 47 N 93 38 E 7.46
BLUFF CAPE 18 00 N 94 26 E 7.55 CHEDUBA STRAIT 18 58 N 93 38 E 7.43
BLUFF ISLAND 12 15 N 92 42 E 9.16 CHENNAI 13 06 N 80 18 E 6.13
BLUFF POINT 15 46 N 97 42 E 8.24 CHERBANIANI REEF 12 20 N 71 55 E 5.2
BLUNDELL ISLAND 12 27 N 97 50 E 8.48 CHESTER ISLAND 12 02 N 97 46 E 8.61
BOAT ISLAND 11 31 N 92 34 E 9.21 CHETLAT ISLAND 11 41 N 72 42 E 5.3
BOAT ROCK 11 18 N 98 41 E 8.78 CHETWAI 10 32 N 76 03 E 3.29
BOAT ROCK 6 56 N 93 58 E 9.73 CHETWAYI 10 32 N 76 03 E 3.29
BOK YE-GAN 14 16 N 97 49 E 8.19 CHILAW POINT 7 36 N 79 48 E 4.15
BOLD PROMONTORY 11 44 N 98 18 E 8.80 CHILDERS CHANNEL 18 30 N 93 52 E 7.48
BOMBAY 18 56 N 72 51 E 2.30 CHILKA LAKE 19 45 N 85 23 E 6.39
BOMBAY SHOAL 19 26 N 93 31 E 7.37 CHIMNEY ISLAND 9 51 N 98 03 E 8.94
BOMIE BAY 17 20 N 94 33 E 7.55 CHINA BAKIR RIVER 16 19 N 96 06 E 8.11
BOMPOKA ISLAND 8 14 N 93 14 E 9.58 CHIRIGATAPU 11 29 N 92 43 E 9.48
BOND HARBOR 13 24 N 93 04 E 9.24 CHITTAGONG 22 19 N 91 49 E 7.21
BORIA POINT 17 24 N 73 10 E 2.39 CHOK NADI 22 57 N 69 00 E 1.9
BORONGA POINT 19 49 N 93 02 E 7.34 CHOKEY SHOAL 16 41 N 96 14 E 8.13
BOWEN SHOAL 10 29 N 98 15 E 8.85 CHOWRA ISLAND 8 27 N 93 04 E 9.56
BOWERS ISLAND 12 30 N 98 06 E 8.50 CHRISTIE ISLAND 9 38 N 97 58 E 8.94
BROKEN POINT 16 55 N 94 23 E 7.42 CHRISTMAS ISLAND 12 00 N 98 09 E 8.64
BROOKER ROCK 11 30 N 92 36 E 9.22 CHULA LANKA 5 56 N 80 32 E 4.28
BROUGHAM SHOAL 18 09 N 94 07 E 7.41 CHURMA ISLAND 24 54 N 66 36 E 1.1
BROWN ISLAND 10 45 N 98 03 E 8.89 CINQUE ISLANDS 11 17 N 92 43 E 9.49
BROWN ROCK 12 41 N 98 11 E 8.50 CLARA ISLAND 10 54 N 97 55 E 8.80
BRUNNETTE ISLAND 12 14 N 97 52 E 8.61 CLEUGH PASSAGE 13 36 N 93 02 E 9.10
BRUSH ISLET 13 17 N 93 04 E 9.26 CLEUGH ROCKS 13 37 N 92 58 E 9.10
BURAL REEF 22 30 N 69 19 E 1.19 COCHIN 9 58 N 76 14 E 3.30
BURGESS ROCK 16 00 N 94 22 E 8.8 COCKATOO POINT 16 30 N 94 40 E 8.8
BURHABALANG RIVER 21 29 N 87 03 E 7.2 COCKBURN ISLANDS 10 12 N 97 59 E 8.90
BURNE ISLAND 12 27 N 98 05 E 8.49 COCO CHANNEL 13 47 N 93 12 E 9.4
BURNE ROCKS 20 15 N 92 45 E 7.32 COCONUT ISLAND 13 23 N 74 40 E 3.15
BUSHBY ISLAND 11 24 N 98 08 E 8.71 COLABA POINT 18 54 N 72 49 E 2.30
BUTAWA POINT 6 19 N 81 29 E 4.37 COLEBROOKE ISLAND 12 14 N 92 54 E 9.33
BUTCHER ISLAND 18 58 N 72 54 E 2.30 COLEBROOKE PASSAGE 12 13 N 92 53 E 9.34
BUTTON ISLAND 16 00 N 97 34 E 8.24 COLLIES ISLAND 10 59 N 98 27 E 8.83
BYRAMGORE REEF 11 55 N 71 45 E 5.2 COLOMBO 6 57 N 79 51 E 4.17
COLOMBO LIGHT 6 56 N 79 50 E 4.17
COMBERMERE BAY 19 37 N 93 29 E 7.35
C CONE ISLET 11 23 N 98 06 E 8.71
CONSTANCE BAY 11 42 N 92 36 E 9.20
CADELL BAY 13 26 N 93 04 E 9.24 CONSTITUTION BANK 11 24 N 98 04 E 8.71
CALCUTTA 22 33 N 88 19 E 7.9 COOMBS PILLAR 22 15 N 91 51 E 7.20
CALICUT 11 15 N 75 46 E 3.27 COONDAPOOR 13 38 N 74 41 E 3.14
CALVENTURAS ISLANDS 16 54 N 94 16 E 7.42 COOPERS DRIVER ISLAND 11 27 N 97 55 E 8.71
CAMELS HUMP 11 25 N 76 08 E 3.26 CORBIN ISLAND 12 29 N 98 09 E 8.50
CAMORTA ISLAND 8 09 N 93 29 E 9.59 COURTS ISLAND 11 57 N 98 00 E 8.62
CAMPBELL REEF 10 47 N 98 26 E 8.83 COVELONG POINT 12 47 N 80 15 E 6.12
CAMPBELL ROCK 11 33 N 98 34 E 8.78 COVELONG POINT 8 23 N 76 58 E 3.37
CAMPBELL SHOAL 12 25 N 93 04 E 9.33 COW AND CALF ISLETS 14 57 N 93 43 E 9.2
CANNANORE 11 52 N 75 22 E 3.22 COX'S BAZAR 21 27 N 91 58 E 7.24
CANTOR ISLAND 12 13 N 98 15 E 8.63 CRAWFORD SHOAL 16 29 N 94 13 E 7.58
CAP AND FEATHERS 11 50 N 98 09 E 8.68 CROSS HARBOR 8 02 N 93 32 E 9.62
CAPE BLUFF 12 12 N 92 40 E 9.19 CROWN ISLAND 11 50 N 98 05 E 8.68
CAPE COMORIN 8 05 N 77 33 E 4.3 CUDDALORE 11 43 N 79 46 E 6.9
CAPE NEGRAIS 16 02 N 94 12 E 8.2 CUTTERS PATCH 18 28 N 93 54 E 7.48
CAPE PRICE 13 35 N 93 02 E 9.10 CYPRESS SANDS 20 40 N 92 18 E 7.30
CAPE RAMA 15 05 N 73 55 E 3.2
CAR NICOBAR 9 15 N 92 46 E 9.53
CAR NICOBAR ISLAND 9 15 N 92 46 E 9.53 D
CARPENTER SHOALS 18 15 N 94 02 E 7.41
CASH ISLAND 9 49 N 98 07 E 8.95 D'APRES SHOAL 22 00 N 91 09 E 7.16
CASTLE BAY 8 27 N 93 38 E 9.57 D'SILVA SHOAL 16 38 N 96 15 E 8.13
CASTLE ROCKS 16 28 N 97 37 E 8.24 DAHANU 19 59 N 72 43 E 2.24
CASUARINA BAY 7 01 N 93 41 E 9.70 DALHOUSIE SAND 21 24 N 88 51 E 7.12
CASUARINA POINT 9 14 N 98 21 E 8.103 DALRYMPLE BANK 10 31 N 92 14 E 9.7
CAVENDISH ISLAND 15 30 N 97 40 E 8.26 DAMAN 20 25 N 72 50 E 2.23
CAVERN ISLAND 10 20 N 98 00 E 8.90 DAMOA 20 25 N 72 50 E 2.23
CELERITY PASSAGE 11 46 N 98 20 E 8.75 DANAI 19 59 N 85 20 E 6.39
CELIA ROCK 11 19 N 98 04 E 8.70 DANSON BAY 17 12 N 94 29 E 7.56
CENTER ISLANDS 8 35 N 97 38 E 8.105 DANSON PEAK 14 32 N 74 27 E 3.9
CENTRAL SAND 19 58 N 86 24 E 6.38 DATHAT ISLAND 15 00 N 97 46 E 8.30
CHALNA BAZAR 22 28 N 89 35 E 7.14 DAVIS ISLAND 9 49 N 98 02 E 8.94
CHANDPUR 23 09 N 90 33 E 7.17 DELFT ISLAND 9 31 N 79 41 E 4.61
CHANK REEF 22 30 N 69 19 E 1.19 DELGARNO ISLAND 13 25 N 93 06 E 9.24
CHAPEL POINT 8 33 N 81 15 E 4.48 DENNIS ROCK 11 49 N 98 06 E 8.68
CHAPORA FORT 15 36 N 73 44 E 2.52 DEVI RIVER 19 59 N 86 24 E 6.40
CHARLOTTE ISLAND 11 19 N 98 01 E 8.70 DEVILS HORN 16 05 N 97 33 E 8.22
CHATHAM ISLAND 11 41 N 92 44 E 9.46 DHAMRA 20 49 N 86 58 E 6.46
CHATHAM ISLAND 13 19 N 93 02 E 9.27 DHAMRA RIVER 20 47 N 86 58 E 6.44

Pub. 173
 Index—Gazetteer 323

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
DHANI BET 22 25 N 69 31 E 1.20 FLAT ISLAND 20 11 N 92 58 E 7.33
DHANUSHKODI 9 11 N 79 25 E 4.62 FLAT ISLAND SPIT 20 10 N 92 57 E 7.33
DHIRUBHAI-1 TERMINAL 16 42 N 82 41 E 6.25 FLAT REEF 18 55 N 94 00 E 7.50
DIAMOND HARBOR ANCHORAGE 22 11 N 88 11 E 7.8 FLY ROCK 11 30 N 98 06 E 8.66
DIAMOND SAND 22 10 N 88 10 E 7.6 FORD BAY 14 08 N 93 23 E 9.4
DICEY SHOAL 19 27 N 93 27 E 7.37 FORREST PASSAGE 11 05 N 98 04 E 8.80
DIGURA 3 33 N 72 55 E 5.44 FORREST STRAIT 10 50 N 98 21 E 8.80
DILIGENT STRAIT 12 10 N 92 57 E 9.35 FORT BAY 8 02 N 93 31 E 9.62
DIU HARBOR 20 43 N 71 00 E 2.4 FOUL BAY 12 19 N 92 42 E 9.16
DIU HEAD 20 41 N 70 50 E 2.2 FREAK ISLET 12 41 N 97 53 E 8.47
DOLPHIN ISLANDS 10 55 N 98 15 E 8.82 FRIAR'S HOOD 7 26 N 81 30 E 4.40
DOLPHIN SHOAL 21 51 N 91 46 E 7.19 FUA MULAKU ISLAND 0 17 S 73 26 E 5.65
DOLPHIN'S NOSE 14 43 N 97 52 E 8.32 FULIDU 3 41 N 73 24 E 5.47
DOLPHIN'S NOSE 17 41 N 83 17 E 6.29 FULIDU CHANNEL 3 45 N 73 25 E 5.46
DOMEL ISLAND 11 39 N 98 15 E 8.69 FURI 3 01 N 73 01 E 5.53
DONDRA HEAD 5 55 N 80 36 E 4.29 FUSILIER CHANNEL 11 52 N 93 03 E 9.40
DONGRI POINT 19 18 N 72 48 E 2.27
DONNELLY ISLAND 11 54 N 98 26 E 8.74
DONNELLY REEF 11 55 N 98 25 E 8.74 G
DORAVA POINT 6 12 N 81 19 E 4.35
DORIC BEACON 8 47 N 79 56 E 4.13 GAHA FARO 4 16 N 72 45 E 5.43
DORIS ROCK 11 43 N 98 06 E 8.69 GALBODA KANDA 6 24 N 80 01 E 4.21
DOROTHY ISLAND 11 24 N 98 11 E 8.71 GALBOKKA POINT 6 56 N 79 50 E 4.17
DOUBLE ISLAND 15 52 N 97 35 E 8.24 GALBRAITH ROCK 12 50 N 98 34 E 8.45
DOUBLE ISLET 9 27 N 98 20 E 8.99 GALEE POINT 17 00 N 73 16 E 2.41
DOUBLE ROCK 12 01 N 98 11 E 8.64 GALGODIYANA 5 56 N 80 32 E 4.28
DRAGON SHOAL 18 53 N 93 59 E 7.50 GALLE HARBOR 6 01 N 80 13 E 4.24
DRAKE ISLAND 9 46 N 98 01 E 8.94 GALLOPER SAND 15 38 N 97 40 E 8.26
DRUNKEN SAILOR ROCK 18 33 N 94 13 E 7.52 GAN 0 17 N 73 22 E 5.62
DUBLA SHOAL 21 46 N 89 31 E 7.13 GAN 0 41 S 73 10 E 5.69
DUNCAN ISLAND 12 01 N 92 47 E 9.42 GANGAVALI RIVER 14 36 N 74 18 E 3.8
DUNCAN PASSAGE 11 04 N 92 40 E 9.50 GANGAVARAM 17 38 N 83 15 E 6.29
DUNKIN ISLAND 9 47 N 98 07 E 8.95 GANGAWALI RIVER 14 36 N 74 18 E 3.8
DWARKA POINT 22 14 N 68 57 E 1.32 GANGES HARBOR 7 13 N 93 48 E 9.68
GANJAM 19 23 N 85 04 E 6.39
GAW TAUNG 18 30 N 94 16 E 7.52
E GHOGHA 21 41 N 72 17 E 2.16
GHORPARAY ROCK 15 10 N 97 43 E 8.29
EAST BAY 7 59 N 93 25 E 9.63 GILES BANK 19 28 N 93 27 E 7.36
EAST CAPE 8 12 N 77 47 E 4.4 GIRAVARU 4 12 N 73 24 E 5.38
EAST ISLET 11 57 N 97 45 E 8.62 GLADYS ISLAND 12 49 N 98 36 E 8.45
EAST REEF 18 30 N 93 56 E 7.48 GLASSHOUSE ISLAND 9 45 N 97 59 E 8.94
EASTERN CHANNEL LIGHT VESSEL 20 55 N 88 15 E 7.4 GODAGALA POINT 6 25 N 80 00 E 4.21
EASTERN SANDS 16 26 N 94 24 E 8.12 GODAVARI POINT 16 59 N 82 20 E 6.26
EASTERN SEA REEF 21 14 N 88 03 E 7.5 GODAWAYE POINT 6 06 N 80 03 E 4.31
EASTERN SHOALS 8 02 N 93 34 E 9.62 GODIA CREEK 23 14 N 68 35 E 1.9
ELATTUR CAPE 11 19 N 75 44 E 3.26 GONO GALA 6 42 N 79 53 E 4.18
ELBOW POINT 16 32 N 94 41 E 8.8 GOODWIN SANDS 16 07 N 97 35 E 8.22
ELBOW POINT 9 02 N 98 20 E 8.106 GOPALPUR 19 15 N 84 55 E 6.37
ELEPHANT ISLAND 11 50 N 98 10 E 8.68 GOPNATH POINT 21 12 N 72 07 E 2.13
ELEPHANT POINT 16 28 N 96 20 E 8.12 GORAKHANATH 21 32 N 70 32 E 1.35
ELEPHANT POINT 21 11 N 92 03 E 7.29 GOYANGYI KYUN 16 32 N 94 15 E 7.58
ELEPHANT ROCK 11 13 N 98 39 E 8.79 GRAHAM ISLAND 9 39 N 98 02 E 8.95
ELIKALPENI BANK 11 15 N 74 03 E 5.5 GRANDI ISLANDS 15 21 N 73 46 E 2.54
ELIZA ISLAND 11 24 N 98 00 E 8.70 GREAT BASSES REEF 6 11 N 81 29 E 4.36
ELIZABETH ISLAND 8 30 N 81 13 E 4.46 GREAT COCO ISLAND 14 06 N 93 23 E 9.4
ELPHINSTONE HARBOUR 12 18 N 92 54 E 9.35 GREAT NICOBAR ISLAND 7 00 N 93 49 E 9.67
ELPHINSTONE ISLAND 12 20 N 98 00 E 8.49 GREAT SAYER ISLAND 8 39 N 97 39 E 8.104
ENCIAM ISLET 8 13 N 77 11 E 3.37 GREAT SWINTON ISLANDS 10 34 N 98 03 E 8.89
ENNUR SHOAL 13 17 N 80 23 E 6.16 GREAT WESTERN TORRES ISLANDS 11 47 N 97 30 E 8.62
ENTRANCE ISLET 12 28 N 98 03 E 8.49 GREEN ISLAND 16 04 N 97 33 E 8.22
EQUATORIAL CHANNEL 0 00 73 15 E 5.64 GREGORY GROUP 10 40 N 98 21 E 8.84
EXPEDITION HARBOR 8 03 N 93 30 E 9.61 GRUB ISLAND 11 35 N 92 36 E 9.21
GUDALI HILL 14 01 N 80 01 E 6.17
GUITAR ISLAND 12 21 N 92 55 E 9.32
F GULHI 3 59 N 73 30 E 5.41
GULL ISLAND 18 50 N 72 54 E 2.30
FAADHIPPOLHU ATOLL 5 25 N 73 30 E 5.27 GUPTA POINT 22 15 N 91 50 E 7.21
FAIRWAY ROCKS 16 28 N 97 37 E 8.24 GURU 3 59 N 73 30 E 5.41
FAKIR POINT 20 07 N 92 54 E 7.33 GWA BAY 17 37 N 94 34 E 7.55
FAKIR REEF 20 06 N 92 54 E 7.33 GWA KYUN 17 34 N 94 31 E 7.55
FALSE BAY 20 31 N 86 55 E 6.42 GYUN THAUNG 12 20 N 98 24 E 8.58
FALSE DIVI POINT 15 43 N 80 50 E 6.21
FALSE POINT 20 20 N 86 44 E 6.42
FALSE POINT ANCHORAGE 20 28 N 86 47 E 6.42 H
FARNA 3 19 N 72 59 E 5.52
FEHINGILI 5 33 N 73 29 E 5.27 HADDUMMATI ATOLL 1 55 N 73 25 E 5.58
FELL PASSAGE 12 18 N 98 21 E 8.57 HAING GYI KYUN 16 00 N 94 19 E 8.7
FIORI 0 14 N 73 05 E 5.62 HAING GYI SHOAL 15 57 N 94 17 E 8.6
FIVE ISLANDS 10 17 N 98 22 E 8.85 HALDIA 22 01 N 88 05 E 7.7
FIVE SISTERS 11 23 N 98 00 E 8.70 HALF MOON REEF 10 50 N 98 18 E 8.82
FLAGSTAFF POINT 8 35 N 81 15 E 4.47 HAMBANTOTA 6 07 N 81 08 E 4.32

Pub. 173
324 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
HAMIDARDIA ISLAND 21 30 N 91 57 E 7.24 IRRAWADDY ROCK 19 25 N 93 23 E 7.29
HANIKANDU FARO 5 17 N 72 51 E 5.30 ISDU 2 07 N 73 35 E 5.58
HANSTAL CREEK 22 56 N 70 24 E 1.31 ISLE OF MAN 8 24 N 93 39 E 9.57
HANUMAN POINT 22 28 N 69 09 E 1.18 ISLET POINT 21 00 N 71 41 E 2.8
HARINGHATA RIVER 21 50 N 89 57 E 7.15
HARRY HEAD 9 52 N 98 27 E 8.99
HASTINGS HARBOR 10 06 N 98 18 E 8.92 J
HASTINGS SAND 16 44 N 96 13 E 8.13
HATTRASS PASSAGE 12 11 N 97 44 E 8.61 JACKSON CREEK 10 48 N 92 24 E 9.51
HAYCOCK 6 20 N 80 18 E 4.2 JACKSON LEDGE 13 39 N 93 08 E 9.6
HAYCOCK ISLAND 12 17 N 98 10 E 8.60 JAFARABAD 20 52 N 71 23 E 2.6
HAYCOCK ROCK 9 41 N 97 55 E 8.94 JAFFNA 9 39 N 80 01 E 4.61
HAYES ISLAND 11 52 N 97 40 E 8.62 JAIGARH BAY 17 18 N 73 13 E 2.40
HAYES ISLAND 12 29 N 98 11 E 8.50 JAIGARH HEAD 17 18 N 73 11 E 2.40
HAYES ISLAND 9 20 N 98 20 E 8.99 JAMES PATCH 10 05 N 98 19 E 8.92
HAYWARD ISLAND 10 27 N 97 57 E 8.89 JAMNAGAR TERMINAL 22 30 N 69 50 E 1.24
HAYWARD POINT 6 47 N 93 52 E 9.74 JANE ISLAND 11 21 N 98 01 E 8.70
HAZIRA LNG TERMINAL 21 06 N 72 37 E 2.12 JANET ISLAND 11 21 N 98 01 E 8.70
HAZIRA OFFSHORE TERMINAL 21 09 N 72 34 E 2.11 JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU PORT 18 57 N 72 57 E 2.30
HEADLAM PATCH 12 24 N 92 59 E 9.33 JEFFORD POINT LIGHT 21 44 N 89 32 E 7.13
HEADLAM PATCH 15 08 N 97 38 E 8.18 JEFFORD SHOAL 10 48 N 98 21 E 8.84
HEATH ROCK 11 55 N 98 19 E 8.74 JERRY ISLAND 14 03 N 93 22 E 9.4
HECKFORD BANK 10 20 N 97 10 E 8.88 JOAN ISLAND 11 15 N 98 18 E 8.72
HECKFORD PATCH 19 57 N 92 44 E 7.28 JODIYA 22 42 N 70 18 E 1.27
HEINZE CHAUNG 14 43 N 97 54 E 8.32 JOHNNY ISLAND 12 22 N 98 14 E 8.59
HELEN PASSAGE 19 24 N 93 27 E 7.37 JOHNSTON POINT 21 49 N 72 13 E 2.21
HENRY PRINSEP ISLAND 12 03 N 97 38 E 8.61 JOLLY BOYS ISLAND 11 30 N 92 37 E 9.21
HENRY ROCKS 18 52 N 93 27 E 7.46 JUANITA SHOALS 16 00 N 93 40 E 7.42
HEXT ROCK 12 08 N 98 16 E 8.64 JUBILEE CHANNEL 11 19 N 98 15 E 8.71
HEYWOOD CHANNEL 18 34 N 93 49 E 7.47 JUNGLE ISLAND 13 20 N 93 03 E 9.27
HICKMAN SHOAL 13 42 N 93 59 E 9.5
HIGH ISLAND 16 37 N 94 18 E 7.57
HIGH PEAKED ISLAND 11 27 N 98 08 E 8.71 K
HIKKADUWA POINT 6 08 N 80 06 E 4.22
HIN PAYAN 8 30 N 97 40 E 8.105 KABOSA ISLAND 12 48 N 97 51 E 8.47
HIN PUSAR 8 37 N 97 39 E 8.104 KABRA ISLAND 7 18 N 93 51 E 9.71
HINDELUNATTU 6 07 N 80 24 E 4.21 KABYACHAUNG 11 27 N 98 43 E 8.78
HINIDUMA KANDA 6 20 N 80 18 E 4.2 KACHCHAITIVU 9 23 N 79 25 E 4.62
HITADU 1 48 N 73 25 E 5.59 KACHCHTIVU 9 23 N 79 25 E 4.62
HMAWUN LUMPS 16 34 N 96 15 E 8.13 KADALUR POINT 11 28 N 75 38 E 3.25
HNGETPYAW KYUN 15 11 N 97 43 E 8.29 KADAN KYUN 12 40 N 98 21 E 8.44
HNGETTHAIK KYUN 13 32 N 98 08 E 8.34 KADAN KYUN SOUND 12 37 N 98 26 E 8.44
HOBDAY ISLAND 11 32 N 92 37 E 9.21 KADAPAKKAM LIGHT 12 17 N 80 01 E 6.11
HOINIPOH BAY 7 58 N 93 26 E 9.63 KADDAIKADU 9 34 N 80 29 E 4.53
HOLLY ISLAND 12 00 N 98 12 E 8.67 KADEAWELLA POINT 8 12 N 81 26 E 4.44
HOMFRAY STRAIT 12 15 N 92 52 E 9.34 KAHANDAWA ROCKS 6 03 N 80 54 E 4.31
HONAVAR 14 17 N 74 27 E 3.10 KAKANA 9 07 N 92 48 E 9.54
HONDEDU 0 27 N 73 00 E 5.63 KAKANA TAUNG 15 41 N 97 43 E 8.25
HOPE ISLAND 16 49 N 82 20 E 6.24 KAKINADA BAY 17 00 N 82 19 E 6.27
HOPE POINT 15 21 N 97 43 E 8.27 KALA KYUN 12 30 N 98 30 E 8.52
HORSBURGH ATOLL 4 52 N 72 55 E 5.31 KALA TAUNG 10 40 N 98 29 E 8.83
HORSBURGH ISLAND 10 12 N 97 53 E 8.90 KALAMETIYA POINT 6 04 N 80 56 E 4.31
HORSESHOE SHOAL 20 05 N 92 51 E 7.33 KALEGAUK ISLAND 15 33 N 97 40 E 8.26
HUGLI POINT 22 13 N 88 04 E 7.6 KALINGAPATAM 18 20 N 84 09 E 6.34
HUGLI RIVER ENTRANCE 21 39 N 88 01 E 7.4 KALMUNAI POINT 9 36 N 80 03 E 4.61
HUMANI POINT 22 29 N 69 04 E 1.16 KALPENI 10 06 N 73 39 E 5.12
HUMANI POINT 22 29 N 69 04 E 1.10 KALUTARA 6 35 N 79 58 E 4.19
HUNTERS BAY 19 55 N 93 19 E 7.34 KALUWATTE GALA 6 39 N 79 53 E 4.18
HUT BAY 10 36 N 92 35 E 9.51 KALWIN POINT 12 29 N 98 36 E 8.52
KAMARAJAR PORT 13 16 N 80 20 E 6.14
KANDAUNG PROMONTORY 14 40 N 97 53 E 8.32
I KANDLA 23 00 N 70 13 E 1.30
KANDUDU 5 39 N 73 16 E 5.25
IHAVANDHIPPOLHU ATOLL 7 02 N 72 54 E 5.17 KANDUFURI 2 32 N 73 00 E 5.56
ILEYA 7 25 N 93 42 E 9.65 KANIKA SAND 20 47 N 87 00 E 6.45
ILLUKATIYA POINT 6 30 N 81 42 E 4.37 KANKESANTURAI 9 49 N 80 03 E 4.57
IMMA 4 18 N 73 34 E 5.36 KANNIYAKUMARI PORT 8 05 N 77 32 E 3.39
INGLIS ISLAND 12 08 N 93 07 E 9.39 KANSA ROCK 18 50 N 72 54 E 2.30
INGLIS SHOALS 12 06 N 93 08 E 9.39 KANTU ROCKS 13 20 N 98 24 E 8.42
INTERVIEW ISLAND 12 55 N 92 42 E 9.13 KAO PHRAMI 9 18 N 98 28 E 8.97
INVESTIGATOR BANK 8 32 N 73 17 E 5.14 KAP LIGHT 13 13 N 74 44 E 3.16
INVESTIGATOR CHANNEL 10 15 N 97 56 E 8.90 KARACHI 24 47 N 66 59 E 1.3
INVESTIGATOR LEDGE 18 01 N 94 09 E 7.41 KARACHI ROCK 10 37 N 98 23 E 8.84
INVESTIGATOR PASSAGE 12 45 N 97 48 E 8.47 KARAIKAL PORT 10 50 N 79 51 E 6.5
INVESTIGATOR PATCH 13 57 N 93 16 E 9.4 KARAITIVU 9 44 N 79 53 E 4.57
INVESTIGATOR REEF 22 36 N 69 33 E 1.19 KARATHURI BAY 10 58 N 98 36 E 8.79
INVESTIGATOR ROCK 11 20 N 92 37 E 9.23 KARDIVA 4 58 N 73 27 E 5.33
INVESTIGATOR ROCK 18 58 N 84 42 E 6.36 KARDIVA CHANNEL 5 00 N 73 30 E 5.32
INVISIBLE BANK 11 10 N 93 31 E 9.7 KARWAR 14 49 N 74 07 E 3.4
IRNATIVU NORTH 9 17 N 79 59 E 4.61 KASARAGOD 12 29 N 75 00 E 3.19
IRON ISLAND 12 45 N 98 20 E 8.43 KATAGARAMA PEAK 6 23 N 81 20 E 4.34
IRON PASSAGE 12 42 N 98 22 E 8.50 KATCHALL ISLAND 7 56 N 93 22 E 9.63

Pub. 173
 Index—Gazetteer 325

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
KATHEMA KYUN 13 40 N 98 11 E 8.39 KWANGTUNG STRAIT 12 06 N 93 04 E 9.37
KATHERINE ISLAND 11 18 N 98 13 E 8.71 KYAUKPANDU 19 29 N 93 30 E 7.36
KATTUPALLI PORT 13 18 N 80 21 E 6.15 KYAUKPYU 19 25 N 93 33 E 7.39
KATUKURUNDU 5 58 N 80 23 E 4.25 KYAUKPYU HARBOR 19 27 N 93 34 E 7.36
KATYANG 10 51 N 98 16 E 8.82 KYAUKPYU KYUN 13 46 N 97 55 E 8.19
KAVARATTI ISLAND 10 34 N 72 39 E 5.10 KYAUNGTHA RIVER 16 57 N 94 26 E 7.57
KAVITI BEACON 19 02 N 84 42 E 6.36 KYETTAIK KYUN 15 10 N 97 45 E 8.29
KAWSONG HARBOR 9 59 N 98 33 E 8.102 KYUN PILA 10 34 N 98 00 E 8.89
KAYAING RIVER 18 45 N 94 09 E 7.51 KYUNGYI 15 05 N 97 44 E 8.30
KAYO ISLAND 12 04 N 98 24 E 8.74 KYUNHLA TAUNG 13 02 N 98 28 E 8.45
KAYTS 9 42 N 79 51 E 4.60 KYUNTHAYA 19 43 N 93 27 E 7.34
KELAI 6 58 N 73 13 E 5.23
KENNEDY ISLAND 11 50 N 98 28 E 8.75
KHAMBHAT 22 18 N 72 37 E 2.21 L
KHANDERI ISLAND 18 42 N 72 49 E 2.30
KHANHOJI ANGRE 18 42 N 72 49 E 2.30 LABYRINTH ISLANDS 11 35 N 92 34 E 9.21
KHARNDUDU 5 39 N 73 16 E 5.25 LACAMS CHANNEL 21 13 N 88 24 E 7.10
KHLONG BANGBEN 9 39 N 98 29 E 8.102 LA-E-ALE ISLAND 12 20 N 98 15 E 8.60
KHORI CREEK 23 30 N 68 20 E 1.8 LA-E-ATET ISLAND 12 18 N 98 15 E 8.60
KHUDDI CREEK 24 36 N 67 12 E 1.6 LAEM KRANGNOI 8 50 N 98 15 E 8.107
KILTAN ISLAND 11 29 N 73 00 E 5.4 LAEM KRANGYAI 8 44 N 98 14 E 8.107
KIMOIS BAY 9 07 N 92 46 E 9.54 LAFUL ANCHORAGE 7 10 N 93 54 E 9.72
KINGS BANK SAND 16 44 N 96 12 E 8.13 LALLA ROOKH ISLAND 11 30 N 98 30 E 8.76
KINNEARS PASSAGE 10 59 N 98 28 E 8.79 LAMP ISLAND 9 43 N 98 01 E 8.94
KLONG BAGATAE 8 35 N 98 14 E 8.108 LANDFALL ISLAND 13 39 N 93 02 E 9.5
KLONG KOKAK 8 41 N 98 15 E 8.107 LANDS END 9 10 N 79 26 E 4.11
KNAP 12 13 N 98 02 E 8.61 LATOUCHE ISLAND 13 05 N 92 43 E 9.13
KO CHAN 9 25 N 97 52 E 8.96 LATTADIA ISLAND 21 35 N 91 51 E 7.23
KO HUYONG 8 29 N 97 39 E 8.105 LAWS ISLAND 19 26 N 93 37 E 7.36
KO KAM YAI 9 29 N 98 21 E 8.99 LENYA RIVER 11 40 N 98 43 E 8.78
KO KHAN 9 52 N 98 26 E 8.99 LESLIE'S GARDEN 11 47 N 98 20 E 8.75
KO LUMPHUK 8 19 N 98 16 E 8.108 LETKAT TAUNG 13 55 N 98 06 E 8.33
KO PAYAN 8 31 N 97 39 E 8.105 LION ROCK 12 24 N 97 49 E 8.48
KO PAYANG 8 30 N 97 38 E 8.105 LITTLE ANDAMAN ISLAND 10 42 N 92 31 E 9.51
KO SIMILAN 8 39 N 97 39 E 8.104 LITTLE BASSES REEF 6 24 N 81 44 E 4.38
KOATTEY 0 35 S 73 05 E 5.69 LITTLE COCO ISLAND 14 00 N 93 14 E 9.4
KODUWAKATTUMALAI 8 52 N 81 05 E 4.52 LITTLE NICOBAR ISLAND 7 20 N 93 42 E 9.65
KOH BORN 8 51 N 97 48 E 8.104 LITTLE QUOIN ISLAND 16 39 N 94 20 E 7.57
KOH CHANG 9 50 N 98 27 E 8.99 LITTLE RUSSELL ISLAND 10 13 N 98 15 E 8.86
KOH CHONG PIANAM 9 34 N 98 23 E 8.99 LITTLE TORRES ISLANDS 11 43 N 97 35 E 8.62
KOH PIAM 9 44 N 98 25 E 8.99 LIVOCK BAY 11 28 N 98 14 E 8.69
KOH TASAI 9 04 N 97 50 E 8.104 LOKTHAMA KYUN 11 54 N 98 27 E 8.74
KOHINUR SHOAL 21 07 N 91 38 E 7.19 LOLIEM POINT 14 55 N 74 03 E 3.4
KOILTHOTTAM 8 59 N 76 32 E 3.32 LOLIEN POINT 14 55 N 74 03 E 3.4
KOKUNYE KYUN 15 18 N 97 43 E 8.27 LONG ISLAND 12 24 N 92 57 E 9.32
KOLACHEL 8 10 N 77 15 E 3.38 LONG ISLAND 12 48 N 98 31 E 8.45
KOLKATA 22 33 N 88 19 E 7.9 LONG SAND 16 04 N 94 28 E 8.8
KOLLAM 8 53 N 76 35 E 3.31 LONGSTONES REEF 16 06 N 97 32 E 8.22
KOLUMADULU ATOLL 2 23 N 73 08 E 5.56 LORD LOUGHBOROUGH ISLAND 10 27 N 97 55 E 8.89
KONADA 18 01 N 83 34 E 6.33 LOUGHBOROUGH PASSAGE 10 30 N 97 57 E 8.89
KONDUL HARBOR 7 12 N 93 43 E 9.68 LOW ISLET 18 58 N 94 00 E 7.50
KONDUL ISLAND 7 13 N 93 43 E 9.68 LOWER GASPER LIGHT VESSEL 21 22 N 88 10 E 7.5
KONGALA 6 34 N 81 42 E 4.39 LUHARA POINT 21 39 N 72 32 E 2.18
KORONGE ISLAND 16 32 N 94 15 E 7.58 LUSHINGTON SHOAL 22 38 N 68 47 E 1.10
KOTADA BLUFF 21 07 N 71 58 E 2.8 LYS SHOAL 12 39 N 98 25 E 8.44
KOTARA ANCHORAGE 11 59 N 92 45 E 9.42
KOTESHWAR LIGHT 23 40 N 68 32 E 1.8
KOTTAGODA POINT 5 57 N 80 38 E 4.29 M
KOTTAPALLI 9 19 N 76 23 E 3.32
KOTTAPATAM 15 26 N 80 10 E 6.20 MACHILIPATNAM 16 09 N 81 09 E 6.23
KOVALAM POINT 8 23 N 76 58 E 3.37 MACKENZIE ISLAND 10 04 N 97 59 E 8.90
KOVILTHOTTAM 8 59 N 76 32 E 3.32 MACKEY BANK 13 20 N 92 46 E 9.12
KOZHIKODE 11 15 N 75 46 E 3.27 MACLEOD ISLAND 12 25 N 98 09 E 8.59
KRISHNA RIVER 15 45 N 80 54 E 6.21 MACPHERSON STRAIT 11 30 N 92 36 E 9.22
KRISHNA SHOAL 15 41 N 95 37 E 8.11 MADA GALA 6 02 N 80 09 E 4.23
KRISHNAPATNAM 14 15 N 80 08 E 6.18 MADHWAD BAY 20 42 N 70 56 E 2.2
KUDA HUVADU 2 41 N 72 54 E 5.54 MADRAS 13 06 N 80 18 E 6.13
KUDA POINT 21 38 N 72 18 E 2.15 MADUNI FARO 5 53 N 72 54 E 5.29
KUDAHUVADU CHANNEL 2 40 N 73 15 E 5.55 MADUNI FARO 6 51 N 72 57 E 5.22
KUDREMALAI POINT 8 32 N 79 52 E 4.14 MAFURI 0 50 N 73 08 E 5.63
KUMBARU POINT 18 13 N 72 56 E 2.35 MAGAMPURA PORT 6 07 N 81 06 E 4.33
KUMLA PATCH 12 58 N 98 28 E 8.45 MAGDALLA 21 09 N 72 45 E 2.10
KUMPTA POINT 14 25 N 74 23 E 3.9 MAGYI KYUN 18 44 N 94 00 E 7.49
KUMTA POINT 14 25 N 74 23 E 3.9 MAHANADI RIVER 20 18 N 86 44 E 6.42
KUNDAPUR 13 38 N 74 41 E 3.14 MAHE 11 42 N 75 32 E 3.25
KUNDUGAL POINT 9 15 N 79 13 E 4.9 MAHIM 19 39 N 72 43 E 2.25
KURA ISLET 16 06 N 73 27 E 2.47 MAHRATTA ROCK 13 42 N 98 11 E 8.39
KURELI 2 47 N 73 21 E 5.50 MAHUVA BAY 21 02 N 71 47 E 2.8
KUSHIPUR POINT 16 57 N 73 17 E 2.42 MAINGY ISLAND 12 31 N 98 15 E 8.50
KUSULDIVA GUDDA 14 38 N 74 16 E 3.7 MAIPURA RIVER 20 42 N 87 00 E 6.43
KUTUBDIA CHANNEL 21 44 N 91 52 E 7.23 MAISKHAL CHANNEL 21 30 N 91 59 E 7.23
KUTUDBIA ISLAND 21 51 N 91 52 E 7.22 MAISKHAL ISLAND 21 37 N 91 56 E 7.22

Pub. 173
326 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
MAKUNUDU ATOLL 6 20 N 72 36 E 5.26 MORRISON BAY 12 00 N 98 21 E 8.73
MALACCA VILLAGE 9 10 N 92 49 E 9.54 MOSCOS CHANNEL 14 30 N 97 51 E 8.19
MALANGARH 19 06 N 73 11 E 2.30 MOSCOS ISLANDS 14 10 N 97 48 E 8.19
MALAY ISLAND 11 32 N 92 37 E 9.21 MOULMEIN HARBOR 16 29 N 97 37 E 8.24
MALCOM ISLAND 11 18 N 98 32 E 8.77 MOULMEIN RIVER 16 09 N 97 31 E 8.20
MALE 4 10 N 73 30 E 5.37 MOUNT DELLI 12 02 N 75 12 E 3.20
MALE ATOLL 4 25 N 73 30 E 5.35 MOUNT DILL 12 02 N 75 12 E 3.20
MALPE 13 21 N 74 42 E 3.15 MOUNT LAVINIA 6 50 N 79 52 E 4.17
MALVAN BAY 16 06 N 73 28 E 2.48 MOUNT TODD 20 23 N 92 42 E 7.31
MALVAN ROCK 16 02 N 73 26 E 2.49 MOUSE ISLAND 12 15 N 98 15 E 8.63
MAMIGILI 3 30 N 72 50 E 5.45 MUDWAH POINT 22 46 N 69 30 E 1.13
MANADU 5 47 N 73 24 E 5.25 MUL DWARKA 20 45 N 70 40 E 1.37
MANAPPAD POINT 8 22 N 78 04 E 4.4 MULAKU ATOLL 3 00 N 73 29 E 5.50
MANDALAY 21 59 N 96 08 E 8.16 MULLAITTIVU SHOALS 9 18 N 80 51 E 4.52
MANDRELL REEF 12 57 N 98 32 E 8.45 MUMBAI 18 56 N 72 51 E 2.30
MANDVI 22 50 N 69 21 E 1.12 MUNDRA PORT 22 54 N 69 42 E 1.14
MANDWA BAY 20 42 N 70 56 E 2.2 MURADU 6 33 N 72 54 E 5.23
MANGALORE 12 51 N 74 50 E 3.18 MURICAADI MUNAI 8 12 N 81 26 E 4.44
MANGALORE OLD PORT 12 51 N 74 50 E 3.18 MURUDJANJIRA HARBOR 18 18 N 72 57 E 2.34
MANGROVE BAY 11 41 N 92 43 E 9.47 MUS 9 14 N 92 47 E 9.54
MANIARA 23 28 N 68 37 E 1.8 MUTAPOLLI BANK 15 26 N 80 21 E 6.16
MANNAR ISLAND 9 05 N 79 50 E 4.12 MUTTAM POINT 8 07 N 77 19 E 3.39
MANNERS STRAIT 11 20 N 92 42 E 9.49 MUTTUM POINT 8 07 N 77 19 E 3.39
MANORA POINT 24 47 N 66 59 E 1.2 MUTWAL POINT 6 58 N 79 51 E 4.16
MANSFIELD PATCH 9 10 N 79 18 E 4.10 MYANG SHOAL 10 39 N 98 20 E 8.84
MARBLE ISLAND 10 45 N 98 18 E 8.82 MYENGUN KYUN 20 00 N 92 58 E 7.33
MARBLE POINT 8 31 N 81 13 E 4.49 MYINI ISLETS 12 24 N 98 26 E 8.57
MARCUS ISLAND 12 39 N 98 12 E 8.50 MYINKWA AW 13 33 N 98 09 E 8.34
MAREGIRI 5 31 N 72 49 E 5.29
MARIA ISLAND 11 27 N 98 00 E 8.70
MARIAN ISLAND 11 51 N 98 12 E 8.68 N
MARMAGAO BAY 15 26 N 73 48 E 2.54
MARMUGAO HEAD 15 24 N 73 48 E 2.54 NAF RIVER 20 43 N 92 22 E 7.30
MARSACK SHOALS 12 57 N 92 57 E 9.29 NAGAPPATTINAM 10 46 N 79 51 E 6.3
MARSHALL CHANNEL 14 10 N 93 22 E 9.3 NAGARI HILLS 13 34 N 79 37 E 6.17
MARSHALL ROCK 9 23 N 97 49 E 8.96 NAGORE 10 50 N 79 50 E 6.4
MARTIN ISLAND 12 07 N 98 09 E 8.63 NAGWA POINT 20 42 N 70 54 E 2.2
MARTINI SANDS 20 13 N 92 44 E 7.32 NAKTI CREEK 22 56 N 70 09 E 1.29
MASANUTIPPA TEMPLE 16 39 N 82 19 E 6.24 NAMUNAKULI 6 57 N 81 06 E 4.2
MATIWARI 4 12 N 72 44 E 5.45 NANCOWRY LEDGE 12 20 N 92 56 E 9.32
MATLA RIVER 21 37 N 88 41 E 7.11 NANCOWRY ROCK 13 48 N 74 33 E 3.13
MAUNGMAGAN BAY 14 09 N 98 04 E 8.33 NANCOWRY STRAIT 11 52 N 93 03 E 9.40
MAUNGMAGAN PASSAGE 14 00 N 97 50 E 8.19 NANTHA KYUN 18 04 N 94 05 E 7.41
MAW DENGI 15 57 N 94 15 E 8.3 NARASAPUR POINT 16 18 N 81 43 E 6.24
MAWYUT POINT 11 31 N 98 32 E 8.78 NARAYANGANJ 23 37 N 90 32 E 7.17
MAYABANDAR SETTLEMENT 12 56 N 92 55 E 9.31 NARCONDAM ISLAND 13 26 N 94 17 E 9.8
MAYAN ISLAND 12 15 N 98 17 E 8.63 NASAPO KYUN 19 39 N 93 33 E 7.38
MAYO BAY 18 18 N 94 22 E 7.54 NAT KYUN 15 10 N 97 44 E 8.29
MAYU RIVER 20 13 N 92 45 E 7.31 NAVAL POINT 8 02 N 93 22 E 9.62
MEGHNA FLATS 21 30 N 90 24 E 7.16 NAVIBANDAR 21 27 N 69 47 E 1.35
MENCHAL ISLAND 7 24 N 93 45 E 9.65 NAVINAL POINT 22 44 N 69 43 E 1.13
MERGUI 12 28 N 98 36 E 8.54 NAWABANDAR 20 44 N 71 05 E 2.5
MERGUI ISLANDS 12 10 N 98 25 E 8.55 NEARCHUS PASSAGE 11 53 N 97 34 E 8.62
MERMAID PASSAGE 12 22 N 97 51 E 8.48 NEARCHUS ROCK 11 42 N 97 52 E 8.62
METCALFE ISLAND 9 26 N 98 21 E 8.99 NEGAPATAM 10 46 N 79 51 E 6.3
MEWSTONE ISLAND 12 04 N 98 02 E 8.63 NEGOMBO POINT 7 12 N 79 48 E 4.16
MIBYA KYUN 13 36 N 98 12 E 8.39 NEILL ISLAND 11 50 N 93 03 E 9.40
MIDDLE BANK 12 32 N 92 25 E 9.7 NERBUDDA SHOAL 18 22 N 93 59 E 7.48
MIDDLE BANK 16 30 N 96 20 E 8.13 NETRANI 14 01 N 74 20 E 3.11
MIDDLE BANK 19 04 N 93 59 E 7.51 NEW ISLAND 21 33 N 88 11 E 7.5
MIDDLE BUTTON ISLAND 12 17 N 93 02 E 9.36 NEW MANGALORE 12 55 N 74 49 E 3.17
MIDDLE GROUND 15 38 N 97 42 E 8.27 NEW SHOAL 18 05 N 94 15 E 7.41
MIDDLE ISLAND 9 04 N 97 50 E 8.104 NGAYOT BAY 16 34 N 94 18 E 7.57
MIDDLE PASSAGE 12 49 N 98 20 E 8.50 NGAYOT TAUNG 16 32 N 94 24 E 7.57
MIDDLE POINT 8 34 N 81 12 E 4.50 NHAVA ISLAND 18 58 N 72 57 E 2.30
MIDDLETON BAR 21 36 N 88 03 E 7.5 NICHOLSON ISLAND 12 06 N 92 58 E 9.37
MIDU 0 35 S 73 14 E 5.67 NICOBAR ISLANDS 8 00 N 93 30 E 9.53
MILADUMMADULU ATOLL 6 10 N 73 08 E 5.24 NILANDU 3 05 N 72 54 E 5.52
MILESTONE ROCK 16 40 N 94 17 E 7.57 NILEWELLI POINT 5 57 N 80 43 E 4.30
MILLS PASSAGE 12 15 N 92 55 E 9.35 NILOT POINT 11 44 N 75 30 E 3.24
MILLS PATCH 18 19 N 94 15 E 7.53 NINDAKARA 8 56 N 76 33 E 3.33
MINERVA BAY 13 19 N 93 04 E 9.26 NISHANBOTU 14 42 N 79 56 E 6.19
MINERVA LEDGE 12 04 N 93 09 E 9.40 NIZAMPATAM BAY 15 42 N 80 33 E 6.21
MINICOY ISLAND 8 17 N 73 03 E 5.13 NOPU TAUNG SABA 11 13 N 98 39 E 8.79
MIROE ISLAND 7 31 N 93 32 E 9.64 NORMAN’S POINT 22 12 N 91 49 E 7.20
MIRYA DONGHUR 17 02 N 73 16 E 2.41 NORTH BAY 8 00 N 93 21 E 9.63
MIRYA HEAD 17 02 N 73 16 E 2.41 NORTH BUTTON ISLAND 12 19 N 93 05 E 9.36
MONEY ISLAND 11 50 N 98 17 E 8.74 NORTH DELAY SHOAL 20 30 N 92 15 E 7.27
MONGLA ANCHORAGE 22 28 N 89 35 E 7.14 NORTH ISLAND 14 28 N 97 47 E 8.19
MONGLA FAIRWAY LIGHTBUOY 21 27 N 89 34 E 7.13 NORTH LEDGE 14 31 N 97 49 E 8.33
MONKEY POINT 16 46 N 96 12 E 8.13 NORTH PASSAGE ISLAND 12 16 N 92 56 E 9.33
MONTGOMERY ISLAND 11 56 N 92 35 E 9.19 NORTH PASSAGE REEF 13 26 N 93 06 E 9.25

Pub. 173
 Index—Gazetteer 327

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
NORTH PATCHES 21 43 N 91 44 E 7.19 PATHFINDER INLET 22 28 N 69 40 E 1.21
NORTH PHIPPS ISLAND 10 10 N 98 17 E 8.86 PATHIYANKARA 9 14 N 76 25 E 3.32
NORTH REEF ISLAND 13 05 N 92 43 E 9.13 PATIRAJJA POINT 6 10 N 81 14 E 4.35
NORTH ROCKS 15 46 N 97 39 E 8.25 PATTANAMARUDUR 8 55 N 78 11 E 4.7
NORTH ROCKY ISLAND 9 53 N 97 58 E 8.94 PAVANGA SHOAL 21 51 N 89 30 E 7.13
NORTH ROUND ISLAND 12 15 N 98 23 E 8.55 PAVAS POINT 16 54 N 73 17 E 2.43
NORTH SANDS 14 41 N 97 50 E 8.32 PAWDI TAUNG 14 57 N 97 52 E 8.31
NORTH SENTINEL ISLAND 11 33 N 92 14 E 9.8 PAYI KYUN 12 22 N 98 26 E 8.57
NORTH SENTINEL ISLET 10 57 N 97 58 E 8.80 PAZIN KYUN 13 48 N 98 04 E 8.33
NORTH SHOAL 19 28 N 93 30 E 7.36 PECK SHOALS 11 32 N 92 38 E 9.22
NORTH TERRIBLE 19 27 N 93 16 E 7.28 PEGU RIVER 16 46 N 96 13 E 8.13
NORTH TWIN ISLAND 10 38 N 97 42 E 8.88 PEINNECHAUNG KYUN 19 57 N 93 05 E 7.34
NORTHBROOK PATCH 7 59 N 93 29 E 9.62 PENNER RIVER ENTRANCE 14 35 N 80 11 E 6.19
NUMARA 6 26 N 73 03 E 5.24 PERFORATED ISLAND 8 51 N 97 48 E 8.104
NYAWBYIN BAY 13 40 N 98 08 E 8.34 PETERSON ROCK 11 50 N 98 06 E 8.68
PETRIE ISLAND 11 58 N 92 37 E 9.19
PHAETON SHOALS 15 47 N 94 14 E 8.6
O PHAUNGKALA TAUNG 15 35 N 97 50 E 8.25
PHITTI CREEK 24 40 N 67 09 E 1.4
OBSERVATION ISLAND 11 59 N 97 55 E 8.61 PHOENIX BAY 11 40 N 92 45 E 9.46
OKHA 22 28 N 69 05 E 1.17 PICKWICK ISLAND 12 01 N 98 16 E 8.67
OKHAMANDAL PENINSULA 22 29 N 69 05 E 1.17 PIGEON INLAND 8 43 N 81 12 E 4.54
OLAHALI 4 41 N 73 26 E 5.35 PIGEON ISLAND 11 47 N 98 13 E 8.69
OLIVELIFURI 5 17 N 73 36 E 5.32 PIGEON ISLAND 14 01 N 74 20 E 3.11
OLIVER ISLAND 13 00 N 93 00 E 9.29 PIGEON ISLAND 17 37 N 83 14 E 6.29
ONA GALA 7 00 N 79 50 E 4.17 PILLAR ROCK 17 29 N 83 01 E 6.28
ONE FATHOM PATCH 13 36 N 93 02 E 9.10 PILLINAWA POINT 6 22 N 81 34 E 4.37
OROL KAICHA 12 11 N 92 46 E 9.41 PILOT REEF 12 01 N 93 02 E 9.39
OSMASTON SHOAL 12 21 N 92 58 E 9.33 PINNACLE ROCK 12 59 N 98 14 E 8.46
OSPREY ROCKS 18 40 N 94 05 E 7.48 PINWUN MAW 10 45 N 98 28 E 8.83
OTTIVAKAM HILL 12 48 N 80 07 E 6.12 PIPAVAV BANDAR 20 54 N 71 31 E 2.7
OUBLIEE ROCK 12 26 N 97 58 E 8.48 PIROTAN ISLAND 22 36 N 69 57 E 1.25
OUTER TUNA LIGHTED BUOY 22 51 N 70 07 E 1.30 PITI SAND BANK 10 46 N 72 33 E 5.9
OUTRAM HARBOR 12 15 N 93 06 E 9.37 PITTI ISLAND 10 46 N 72 33 E 5.9
OUTRAM ISLAND 12 15 N 93 06 E 9.37 PLUTO ISLAND 11 33 N 92 38 E 9.21
OWEN ISLAND 11 14 N 98 15 E 8.72 POCOCK ISLAND 13 34 N 93 04 E 9.24
OYSTER ISLAND 12 59 N 92 59 E 9.29 POINT CALIMERE 10 17 N 79 52 E 6.2
OYSTER ISLAND 20 12 N 92 32 E 7.27 POINT ISLAND 13 24 N 92 50 E 9.12
OYSTER REEF 20 05 N 92 39 E 7.27 POINT PEDRO 9 50 N 80 15 E 4.54
OYSTER ROCK 19 00 N 93 59 E 7.50 POINT PUDI 13 47 N 80 15 E 6.17
OYSTER ROCKS 14 49 N 74 04 E 3.4 POLLOCK BAY 14 09 N 93 23 E 9.4
PONDICHERRI 11 56 N 79 50 E 6.10
PONDICHERRY 11 56 N 79 50 E 6.10
P PONDICHERRY LIGHT 11 55 N 79 50 E 6.10
PONNANI 10 47 N 75 55 E 3.29
PAGE ISLET 12 36 N 98 10 E 8.50 PONTAMAU ISLAND 17 19 N 94 30 E 7.56
PAGET ISLAND 13 26 N 92 50 E 9.12 PORBANDAR 21 38 N 69 36 E 1.34
PAGODA POINT 15 12 N 97 46 E 8.28 PORT ANDAMAN 12 44 N 92 42 E 9.14
PAGODA POINT 15 37 N 97 44 E 8.25 PORT ANSON 12 16 N 92 44 E 9.17
PAGODA POINT 15 57 N 94 15 E 8.3 PORT BANKOT 17 59 N 73 03 E 2.36
PAINE KYUN 12 55 N 98 11 E 8.46 PORT BLAIR 11 41 N 92 45 E 9.43
PAINES REEF 11 18 N 98 18 E 8.72 PORT CAMPBELL 11 57 N 92 35 E 9.19
PAIRA ROCK 8 35 N 93 36 E 9.57 PORT CANNING 22 19 N 88 39 E 7.12
PAK CHIK 9 09 N 98 16 E 8.106 PORT CHAUL 18 33 N 72 55 E 2.33
PAK KOH 8 52 N 98 15 E 8.106 PORT CORNWALLIS 13 17 N 93 05 E 9.26
PAK KRUEN 9 01 N 98 15 E 8.106 PORT DABHOL 17 35 N 73 10 E 2.38
PAK KURA 9 16 N 98 20 E 8.106 PORT MARIA 12 23 N 98 03 E 8.49
PALAR RIVER 12 28 N 80 10 E 6.11 PORT MEADOWS 12 01 N 92 46 E 9.41
PALATUPANA POINT 6 14 N 81 22 E 4.36 PORT MOUAT 11 37 N 92 38 E 9.20
PALK BAY 9 30 N 79 30 E 4.59 PORT MUHAMMAD BIN QASIM 24 46 N 67 20 E 1.5
PALK STRAIT 10 00 N 80 00 E 4.55 PORT OLUVIL 7 17 N 81 51 E 4.41
PALLERU RIVER 15 19 N 80 06 E 6.20 PORT OWEN 13 06 N 98 19 E 8.43
PALMYRAS POINT 20 46 N 86 59 E 6.45 PORT REDI 15 45 N 73 39 E 2.52
PALMYRAS SHOALS 20 47 N 87 12 E 6.38 PORTMAN BAY 11 25 N 92 41 E 9.48
PALURU BLUFF 19 26 N 85 08 E 6.39 PORTO NOVO 11 30 N 79 46 E 6.8
PAMBAN 9 17 N 79 13 E 4.63 POSITION ROCK 14 42 N 97 52 E 8.32
PAMBAN ISLAND 9 17 N 79 18 E 4.11 POSITRA BAY 22 26 N 69 09 E 1.18
PAMBAN PASS 9 17 N 79 12 E 4.9 POSITRA POINT 22 25 N 69 12 E 1.18
PANAJI 15 30 N 73 49 E 2.53 POWELL ISLANDS 5 58 N 72 55 E 5.29
PANCHPARA RIVER 21 31 N 87 07 E 7.3 PREPARIS ISLAND 14 53 N 93 42 E 9.2
PANDI ARICHA MUNAI PAAR 8 32 N 81 13 E 4.50 PREPARIS NORTH CHANNEL 15 22 N 93 48 E 9.2
PANJU ISLAND 19 20 N 72 51 E 2.28 PREPARIS SOUTH CHANNEL 14 28 N 93 33 E 9.2
PANTAW ROCKS 18 40 N 94 09 E 7.48 PRONGS REEF LIGHT 18 53 N 72 48 E 2.30
PARADIP 20 16 N 86 41 E 6.41 PRYCE CHANNEL 7 12 N 93 43 E 9.68
PARKER ISLAND 11 57 N 98 15 E 8.73 PUDIMADAKA VILLAGE 17 30 N 83 00 E 6.28
PARVAT GUDI 14 32 N 74 27 E 3.9 PULAU AMPAT 11 10 N 98 37 E 8.79
PASCOE SHOAL 15 10 N 97 45 E 8.29 PULAU TING-NGA 11 12 N 98 39 E 8.79
PASSAGE ISLAND 11 11 N 92 41 E 9.49 PULICAT SHOALS 13 22 N 80 23 E 6.16
PASSAGE ISLAND 12 17 N 98 21 E 8.58 PULO BADA 10 30 N 98 13 E 8.85
PASSAGE ROCK 13 36 N 93 00 E 9.10 PULO BESIN 9 59 N 98 29 E 8.98
PATAW ISLAND 12 27 N 98 35 E 8.52 PULO GABAN 10 58 N 98 13 E 8.87
PATENGA POINT 22 13 N 91 48 E 7.20 PULO GANGA 9 56 N 98 29 E 8.100

Pub. 173
328 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
PULO HAYAT 10 35 N 98 14 E 8.85 SACRIFICE ROCK 11 30 N 75 32 E 3.26
PULO JUNGIS 10 00 N 98 29 E 8.98 SADDLE ISLAND 12 24 N 97 55 E 8.48
PULO MILO ISLAND 7 24 N 93 42 E 9.65 SADDLE ISLAND 19 25 N 93 27 E 7.37
PULO PERLIN 9 58 N 98 30 E 8.98 SAGAR ISLAND 21 44 N 88 07 E 7.5
PULO PINGNGWE 9 54 N 98 29 E 8.100 SAGAR ISLAND LIGHT 21 39 N 88 03 E 7.4
PULO REMIAH 10 05 N 98 30 E 8.98 SAGAR ROADS 21 39 N 88 01 E 7.5
PULO RU 9 57 N 98 32 E 8.100 SAGU KYUN 18 48 N 93 58 E 7.49
PULO SAUNG KHARANG 9 55 N 98 31 E 8.100 SAIL ROCK 18 33 N 93 51 E 7.47
PULO TONTON 10 01 N 98 30 E 8.98 SAINGBAIN KIEU 16 20 N 94 11 E 7.59
PURI 19 48 N 85 50 E 6.39 SALAYA 22 19 N 69 36 E 1.20
PURIAN BANK 15 53 N 94 22 E 8.8 SALAYA HARBOR 22 26 N 69 33 E 1.20
PURIAN POINT 15 50 N 94 24 E 8.5 SANDERS ISLAND 9 37 N 97 59 E 8.94
PUSUR RIVER 21 46 N 89 30 E 7.13 SANDERSON ROCK 8 07 N 93 27 E 9.60
PYIN ISLAND 12 19 N 98 26 E 8.56 SANDOWAY BAY 18 22 N 94 21 E 7.53
PYINBAN ROCKS 12 44 N 98 34 E 8.45 SANDOWAY RIVER 18 33 N 94 13 E 7.53
PYINGYI 13 47 N 98 12 E 8.39 SANDWIP ISLAND 22 28 N 91 29 E 7.17
PYRAMID BAY 18 41 N 93 39 E 7.46 SANGAMANKANDA POINT 7 01 N 81 52 E 4.40
SANTAPALLE ROCKS 18 01 N 83 43 E 6.26
SAPTAMUKHI SAND 21 20 N 88 27 E 7.10
Q SATARA REEF 18 20 N 84 09 E 6.34
SATBAIA SANDHILL 20 38 N 86 56 E 6.43
QUILON 8 53 N 76 35 E 3.34 SATELLITE BAY 8 02 N 93 30 E 9.62
QUOIN ISLAND 10 21 N 98 04 E 8.90 SATELLITE LEDGE 18 07 N 94 18 E 7.41
QUOIN SANDHILL 21 36 N 87 28 E 7.3 SATELLITE PATCH 8 01 N 93 30 E 9.62
SAUNDERS SHOAL 20 07 N 92 56 E 7.33
SAUNGGYI KYUN 12 07 N 98 24 E 8.56
R SAURIN ISLAND 12 30 N 97 48 E 8.48
SAWAI BAY 9 14 N 92 45 E 9.53
RABNABAD CHANNEL ENTRANCE 21 50 N 90 16 E 7.16 SAWAR SAND 21 42 N 89 28 E 7.13
RAJAPUR BAY 16 37 N 73 20 E 2.44 SEARLE PATCH 15 27 N 73 48 E 2.54
RAKIDU 3 19 N 73 27 E 5.48 SEAWARD PEAK 9 49 N 98 32 E 8.97
RAMAYPATNAM VILLAGE 15 03 N 80 03 E 6.20 SEMIRAMIS BAY 11 42 N 92 44 E 9.45
RAMREE HARBOR 19 00 N 94 00 E 7.49 SESOSTRIS BANK 13 08 N 72 00 E 5.5
RAMREE ISLAND 19 07 N 93 47 E 7.39 SESOSTRIS BAY 11 40 N 92 46 E 9.46
RAMSOM SHOAL 10 42 N 98 19 E 8.82 SESOSTRIS SHOAL 11 39 N 92 01 E 9.46
RANGAT BAY 12 29 N 92 58 E 9.32 SETSE YELE PAYA 15 57 N 97 36 E 8.24
RANGER FLAT 11 41 N 92 43 E 9.47 SHAHPURI FLAT 20 43 N 92 18 E 7.30
RANGER REEF 13 39 N 93 07 E 9.5 SHALLINGER SHOAL 14 23 N 80 12 E 6.19
RANGOON 16 46 N 96 10 E 8.14 SHARK ISLAND 13 12 N 92 46 E 9.12
RANSOM REACH 16 17 N 94 39 E 8.8 SHEARME SAND 15 04 N 97 35 E 8.18
RAS MUARI 24 47 N 66 39 E 1.1 SHIAL BET 20 54 N 71 31 E 2.7
RASDU 4 16 N 73 00 E 5.43 SHITPWIN KYUN 10 49 N 98 26 E 8.83
RASDU ATOLL 4 16 N 73 00 E 5.43 SHOAL BAY 11 56 N 92 47 E 9.42
RASULPUR RIVER 21 47 N 87 54 E 7.3 SHONG PIANAM 9 34 N 98 28 E 8.102
RATI BEACON 18 47 N 84 32 E 6.35 SHORTTS ISLAND 20 47 N 87 05 E 6.43
RATNAGIRI 16 59 N 73 17 E 2.42 SHWE GASFIELD 19 40 N 92 35 E 7.39
RATNAGIRI GAS/POWER TERM 17 32 N 73 09 E 2.38 SIDAW TAUNG 15 10 N 97 48 E 8.28
REDSKIN ISLAND 11 33 N 92 36 E 9.21 SIDNEY ISLAND 11 52 N 98 25 E 8.75
REEF ISLAND 13 30 N 92 53 E 9.11 SIKKA 22 26 N 69 50 E 1.23
REJU SHOAL 21 17 N 91 59 E 7.19 SIKKA CREEK ENTRANCE 22 29 N 69 47 E 1.23
RELIANCE SHOAL 19 27 N 93 32 E 7.38 SIKOTAR MATA 22 19 N 72 24 E 2.21
REMARKABLE ROCK 18 14 N 94 22 E 7.54 SIL POINT 17 34 N 73 09 E 2.38
RESEARCH STRAIT 19 58 N 93 02 E 7.34 SIMAR 20 46 N 71 10 E 2.4
RETKAMAUK TAUNG 19 48 N 93 28 E 7.35 SIMILAN ISLANDS 8 35 N 97 39 E 8.104
REVADANDA PORT 18 33 N 72 55 E 2.33 SIMPSON SHOAL 15 08 N 97 45 E 8.30
RICHELIEU ROCK 9 21 N 98 02 E 8.96 SIMS REEF 10 02 N 98 29 E 8.98
RIOU ISLAND 10 56 N 98 26 E 8.79 SINCLAIR SHOAL 14 53 N 97 21 E 8.18
RITCHIE’S ARCHIPELAGO 12 03 N 93 02 E 9.37 SINSWE KYUN 16 23 N 94 42 E 8.8
ROBERT ISLAND 11 24 N 98 30 E 8.77 SIR CHARLES METCALFE ISLAND 12 17 N 97 47 E 8.48
ROCK ISLET 12 35 N 97 54 E 8.47 SIR CREEK 23 38 N 68 02 E 1.7
ROCKINGHAM PATCHES 12 41 N 80 15 E 6.11 SIR HUGH ROSE ISLAND 11 47 N 93 05 E 9.40
ROCKY POINT 19 00 N 93 41 E 7.42 SIR J. MALCOM ISLAND 11 18 N 98 15 E 8.71
ROE BANK 10 08 N 96 38 E 8.88 SIR WILLIAM PEEL ISLAND 12 05 N 93 00 E 9.37
ROGOLOCHANG BAY 12 09 N 92 50 E 9.35 SITAKUND MOUNTAIN 22 38 N 91 41 E 7.18
ROSAMUND SHOAL 12 04 N 92 58 E 9.38 SITAPAROKIA 20 33 N 92 32 E 7.31
ROSS ISLAND 12 13 N 98 06 E 8.63 SITAPAROKIA PATCHES 20 32 N 92 26 E 7.27
ROSS SAND 14 55 N 97 41 E 8.18 SITTANG RIVER ENTRANCE 16 50 N 96 55 E 8.18
ROUND HILL 17 22 N 82 16 E 6.28 SITTWE HARBOR 20 08 N 92 54 E 7.33
ROUND ISLAND 8 30 N 81 13 E 4.45 SLAVE ISLAND 9 43 N 98 00 E 8.94
ROUND ISLAND 9 55 N 98 33 E 8.100 SLIPPER ISLAND 14 11 N 93 22 E 9.3
ROUND MOUNTAIN 9 41 N 98 37 E 8.97 SMART ISLAND 12 17 N 97 52 E 8.48
ROZI MATA TEMPLE 22 33 N 70 03 E 1.26 SMITH ISLAND 13 20 N 93 05 E 9.25
RUPADIA SANDS 21 27 N 91 57 E 7.23 SMYTH ROCK 12 03 N 92 48 E 9.41
RUSSELL ISLAND 10 15 N 98 15 E 8.86 SOMBRERO CHANNEL 7 41 N 93 36 E 9.64
RUTLAND ISLAND 11 25 N 92 39 E 9.23 SON ISLAND 11 12 N 98 05 E 8.71
RUVAPARI LIGHT 21 47 N 72 14 E 2.16 SONADIA ISLAND 21 29 N 91 53 E 7.23
RYLAND PATCH 10 04 N 98 13 E 8.93 SONNAPURAMPETA 19 07 N 84 47 E 6.37
SOUND ISLAND 12 58 N 92 59 E 9.28
SOUTH BANK 12 16 N 92 26 E 9.7
S SOUTH BANKS 9 57 N 79 57 E 4.55
SOUTH BAY 6 48 N 93 52 E 9.74
SACRAMENTO SHOAL 16 32 N 82 20 E 6.22 SOUTH BAY 7 53 N 93 24 E 9.63

Pub. 173
 Index—Gazetteer 329

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
SOUTH BUTTON ISLAND 12 13 N 93 02 E 9.36 THAMES POINT 19 09 N 93 36 E 7.40
SOUTH DELAY SHOAL 20 28 N 92 15 E 7.27 THAMIHLA KYUN 15 52 N 94 17 E 8.6
SOUTH DIRECTION ISLAND 12 29 N 98 00 E 8.48 THANE ISLAND 10 02 N 98 30 E 8.98
SOUTH HATIA ISLAND 22 15 N 91 05 E 7.16 THANKES ISLET 12 15 N 98 01 E 8.61
SOUTH HUMP ISLAND 10 11 N 98 20 E 8.86 THANTE FLATS 16 28 N 96 28 E 8.12
SOUTH ISLAND 12 54 N 98 19 E 8.43 THANTE POINT 16 30 N 96 23 E 8.12
SOUTH ISLAND 13 20 N 74 42 E 3.15 THE BROTHERS 10 59 N 92 40 E 9.50
SOUTH ISLAND 8 29 N 97 39 E 8.105 THE FORELAND 10 47 N 98 18 E 8.82
SOUTH MALE ATOLL 4 00 N 73 25 E 5.40 THE SISTERS 11 09 N 92 44 E 9.50
SOUTH PASSAGE ISLAND 11 46 N 98 07 E 8.69 THE SWATCH 23 40 N 67 27 E 1.7
SOUTH PATCHES 21 26 N 91 40 E 7.19 THE TERRIBLES 19 24 N 93 17 E 7.28
SOUTH REEF ISLAND 12 47 N 92 40 E 9.13 THETYAGI ISLAND 12 16 N 98 26 E 8.56
SOUTH ROCKS 12 50 N 98 19 E 8.43 THILADHUNMATHI ATOLL 6 45 N 73 00 E 5.21
SOUTH SANDS 14 39 N 97 52 E 8.32 THIN-BON KYUN 13 38 N 98 11 E 8.39
SOUTH SENTINEL ISLAND 10 58 N 92 14 E 9.8 THODDOO 4 26 N 72 58 E 5.32
SOUTH SHOAL 15 28 N 97 39 E 8.26 THORNHILL ISLAND 13 32 N 92 55 E 9.11
SOUTH TERRIBLE 19 23 N 93 16 E 7.28 THULUSDHOO 4 22 N 73 38 E 5.37
SOUTH TWIN ISLAND 10 28 N 98 41 E 8.88 THYNE BANK 17 46 N 94 19 E 7.42
SOUTH VAZHAPURAM 9 19 N 76 23 E 3.32 TILLANCHANG DWIP 8 31 N 93 38 E 9.57
SOUTHEAST HUMP ISLAND 10 16 N 98 19 E 8.85 TIRUCHENDUR POINT 8 30 N 78 08 E 4.5
SPIKE HILL 16 22 N 94 18 E 7.58 TIRUKKADAIYUR PORT 11 04 N 79 53 E 6.6
SPIKE ISLAND 12 16 N 92 43 E 9.16 TIRUMULLAIVASAL 11 15 N 79 51 E 6.7
SPITEFUL BAY 8 01 N 93 32 E 9.62 TOBY ROCK 15 16 N 97 43 E 8.27
SQUARE ROCK 15 59 N 73 27 E 2.50 TODDU 4 26 N 72 57 E 5.42
SRIVARDHAN POINT 18 01 N 73 00 E 2.35 TOLKESHWAR POINT 17 34 N 73 09 E 2.38
ST. ANDREW'S GROUP 10 10 N 97 55 E 8.90 TONDI 9 45 N 79 01 E 4.64
ST. GEORGES CHANNEL 7 17 N 93 46 E 9.66 TONGUE ISLAND 9 55 N 98 14 E 8.91
ST. JOHN'S ROCKS 17 28 N 94 20 E 7.42 TORILLA ISLAND 9 22 N 97 52 E 8.96
ST. LUKES ISLAND 10 09 N 98 12 E 8.86 TOUNZOUN POINT 16 14 N 97 32 E 8.22
ST. MARKS ISLET 10 03 N 98 13 E 8.93 TOWER HILL 7 43 N 81 24 E 4.43
ST. MARTINS ISLANDS 20 37 N 92 20 E 7.26 TOWN ROCK 16 29 N 97 37 E 8.24
ST. MARTINS REEF 20 37 N 92 13 E 7.27 TRAK ISLAND 7 28 N 93 37 E 9.64
ST. PAULS ISLAND 10 09 N 98 09 E 8.90 TRANQUEBAR 11 01 N 79 51 E 6.6
STEEP SHOAL 10 38 N 98 17 E 8.82 TREE ISLAND 11 32 N 97 58 E 8.70
STEWART ISLAND 13 01 N 92 56 E 9.29 TREE ISLET 11 36 N 72 11 E 5.3
STEWART SOUND 12 54 N 93 00 E 9.28 TRINCOMALEE HARBOR 8 33 N 81 13 E 4.50
STRAIT ISLAND 12 13 N 92 56 E 9.33 TRINKAT CHAMPLONG BAY 7 13 N 93 52 E 9.71
SUBARNAREKHA RIVER 21 34 N 87 23 E 7.3 TRINKAT ISLAND 8 05 N 93 35 E 9.60
SUHELI PAR 10 05 N 72 16 E 5.11 TRIPALUR REEF 12 37 N 80 12 E 6.11
SUNK REEF 13 00 N 92 59 E 9.29 TRIVANDRUM 8 29 N 76 57 E 3.36
SUNK ROCK 18 53 N 72 50 E 2.30 TROMBAY PEAK 19 02 N 72 55 E 2.30
SURATKAL POINT LIGHT 13 00 N 74 47 E 3.16 TROTTER ISLAND 11 53 N 98 16 E 8.73
SUVADIVA ATOLL 0 30 N 73 15 E 5.61 TULUSDU 4 22 N 73 38 E 5.37
SUVALI POINT 21 05 N 72 38 E 2.17 TUMMALAPENTA 14 54 N 80 04 E 6.16
SWATCH OF NO GROUND 21 05 N 89 17 E 7.10 TUNDAHA OBELISK 19 54 N 86 13 E 6.40
SWIRL ROCK 12 25 N 98 11 E 8.59 TURAKUNA 7 07 N 72 54 E 5.18
SYDNEY ISLAND 11 32 N 98 27 E 8.76 TURRETS ISLANDS 10 31 N 98 27 E 8.87
TURTLE ISLANDS 13 22 N 93 05 E 9.25
TUTICORIN 8 48 N 78 10 E 4.6
T TUTTHABO MAW 10 37 N 98 27 E 8.87
TWANTE CANAL 16 46 N 96 08 E 8.13
TABLE ISLAND 14 11 N 93 23 E 9.3 TWIN ROCKS 11 53 N 98 27 E 8.74
TABLE ISLANDS 13 25 N 93 07 E 9.24 TWO FATHOMS ROCK 12 10 N 92 58 E 9.36
TADMA BAY 12 03 N 93 02 E 9.39 TWO HILL ISLAND 10 59 N 98 12 E 8.82
TADMA JURU 12 03 N 92 59 E 9.38 TWO TREE ISLAND 10 16 N 98 14 E 8.86
TADRI RIVER 14 31 N 74 20 E 3.8
TAKLA OYSTER POINT 12 55 N 92 55 E 9.30
TAKUA PA INLET 9 02 N 98 18 E 8.106 U
TALAIMANNAR 9 06 N 79 43 E 4.62
TANGALLA POINT 6 01 N 80 48 E 4.30 U PE BEACON 15 44 N 95 24 E 8.10
TANGASSERI POINT LIGHT 8 53 N 76 43 E 3.34 UKULAHU 4 13 N 72 51 E 5.44
TANKHARO ISLAND 19 30 N 93 32 E 7.36 UKULHAS 4 13 N 72 51 E 5.44
TAPIR HILL 14 36 N 97 55 E 8.33 UMARGAM 20 12 N 72 45 E 2.24
TARAPUR POINT 19 50 N 72 39 E 2.25 UMBARGAON 20 12 N 72 45 E 2.24
TARMUGLI ISLAND 11 35 N 92 34 E 9.21 UMBRELLA ISLAND 9 20 N 98 19 E 8.99
TAUNGYO HILL 21 04 N 92 12 E 7.29 UNA ISLAND 11 52 N 98 18 E 8.74
TAVOY 14 04 N 98 11 E 8.41 UNAWATUNA POINT 6 00 N 80 15 E 4.24
TAVOY ISLAND 13 13 N 98 15 E 8.43 UNGUAN ISLAND 18 26 N 93 55 E 7.48
TAYLOR HILL 13 27 N 92 54 E 9.11 UNION LEDGE 13 32 N 93 11 E 9.24
TAYLOR PATCHES 12 16 N 92 42 E 9.16 UNNIAMOR 22 38 N 68 47 E 1.10
TAYLOR SHOAL 20 15 N 92 25 E 7.27 UPPADA 17 04 N 82 20 E 6.28
TAZINGYUN 16 09 N 94 32 E 8.8 UPPER LONG SAND 21 34 N 87 57 E 7.5
TEKKU 9 14 N 76 25 E 3.32 URAN SHOAL 18 56 N 72 54 E 2.30
TEKRA LIGHT 22 56 N 70 07 E 1.29
TELLICHERRY 11 45 N 75 29 E 3.24
TEMPLE POINT 20 25 N 86 44 E 6.42 V
TEMPLE SOUND 13 25 N 92 51 E 9.11
TEN DEGREE CHANNEL 10 22 N 92 30 E 9.52 V.O. CHIDAMBARANAR PORT 8 48 N 78 10 E 4.5
TENASSERIM ISLAND 12 34 N 97 51 E 8.47 VADINAR OFFSHORE OIL TERMINAL 22 31 N 69 42 E 1.22
TENLAA BAY 7 02 N 93 56 E 9.73 VALINOKKAM POINT 9 09 N 78 39 E 4.8
TERESSA ISLAND 8 18 N 93 07 E 9.58 VALLANAD 8 43 N 77 54 E 4.6
THALIA SHOAL 15 15 N 93 48 E 9.2 VANDELOOS POINT 7 55 N 81 35 E 4.43

Pub. 173
330 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
VAVUL MALA 11 25 N 76 08 E 3.26 WEST PASSAGE ISLAND 11 49 N 98 07 E 8.68
VEIMANDU CHANNEL 2 10 N 73 20 E 5.57 WEST POINT 19 22 N 93 28 E 7.39
VENGURLA ROADS 15 51 N 73 37 E 2.51 WEST SHOAL 18 30 N 93 50 E 7.47
VENGURLA ROCKS LIGHT 15 53 N 73 28 E 2.50 WESTERN ROCKY ISLAND 9 51 N 97 52 E 8.94
VERA ISLAND 11 29 N 98 32 E 8.77 WHALE BAY 11 35 N 98 39 E 8.77
VERAGALLE POINT 5 56 N 80 27 E 4.27 WHALE ROCK 11 52 N 98 05 E 8.67
VERAVAL 20 54 N 70 22 E 1.36 WHALE ROCK 13 36 N 98 13 E 8.39
VERAVAL LIGHT 20 54 N 70 21 E 1.36 WHALEBACK ROCK 10 28 N 98 27 E 8.87
VESTAL SHOAL 18 03 N 94 13 E 7.41 WHALERS ROCK 18 37 N 94 12 E 7.52
VIBART SHOAL 11 59 N 93 08 E 9.40 WHALES REEF 12 15 N 92 44 E 9.17
VIBART SHOAL 16 43 N 94 19 E 7.57 WHITE CLIFF ISLAND 13 32 N 92 53 E 9.11
VICTORIA POINT 9 58 N 98 33 E 8.97 WHITE MOUNTAIN 12 51 N 92 55 E 9.14
VICTORIA POINT HARBOR 9 59 N 98 33 E 8.102 WHITE ROCK 16 29 N 94 15 E 7.59
VIJAYADURG HARBOR 16 34 N 73 20 E 2.45 WHITE ROCKS 12 41 N 98 34 E 8.45
VISHAKHAPATNAM 17 41 N 83 18 E 6.30 WILLIAMS REEF 11 55 N 98 11 E 8.67
VOMANI POINT 22 29 N 69 04 E 1.16 WILSON ISLAND 12 08 N 92 59 E 9.37
WIRINGILI 0 45 N 73 26 E 5.61
WOLF ROCK 15 59 N 94 20 E 8.7
W WOODMASON BAY 11 25 N 92 37 E 9.23

WA KYUN 15 12 N 97 44 E 8.28
WAAL ISLET 6 08 N 80 06 E 4.21 Y
WADU 4 07 N 73 27 E 5.40
WAGARU 7 06 N 72 52 E 5.19 YAKINIGEDUWA 5 58 N 80 23 E 4.25
WAGH-GIRI 15 53 N 73 42 E 2.50 YANGON 16 46 N 96 10 E 8.14
WALES ROCK 16 28 N 97 37 E 8.24 YE 15 15 N 97 51 E 8.31
WALTAIR POINT 17 44 N 83 21 E 6.31 YE KYUN 18 37 N 93 47 E 7.47
WARNING ROCK 11 54 N 98 05 E 8.67 YE RIVER 15 11 N 97 47 E 8.28
WARRINGTON STRAITS 10 55 N 98 30 E 8.79 YEMYOK ISLAND 12 26 N 98 27 E 8.57
WASP BAY 8 00 N 93 31 E 9.62 YETAGUN MARINE TERMINAL 13 04 N 96 51 E 8.36
WASP POINT 8 03 N 93 29 E 9.61 YWATHIT TAUNG 18 48 N 93 37 E 7.46
WATARU CHANNEL 3 15 N 73 30 E 5.49
WATTARA 17 25 N 82 52 E 6.28
WELIGAMA BAY 5 57 N 80 26 E 4.26 Z
WEST BAY 7 55 N 93 20 E 9.63
WEST CANISTER ISLET 12 41 N 97 43 E 8.47 ZA DET GYI ISLAND 9 58 N 98 13 E 8.91
WEST CORAL BANK 13 13 N 93 31 E 9.7 ZAHORA ROCK 11 52 N 98 01 E 8.67
WEST ISLAND 13 36 N 93 54 E 9.10 ZIKHA TAUNG 18 56 N 93 51 E 7.44

Pub. 173