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Alkalinity Determination by Titration

This document describes a procedure to determine the alkalinity of water samples. It involves titrating water samples with an acid until color changes are observed, using phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators. The titration volumes are used to calculate the phenolphthalein alkalinity and total alkalinity in terms of mg/L as CaCO3.

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yousaf khan
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369 views2 pages

Alkalinity Determination by Titration

This document describes a procedure to determine the alkalinity of water samples. It involves titrating water samples with an acid until color changes are observed, using phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators. The titration volumes are used to calculate the phenolphthalein alkalinity and total alkalinity in terms of mg/L as CaCO3.

Uploaded by

yousaf khan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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  • Determination of Alkalinity of Given Water Sample

Experiment No:3

Determination of Alkalinity of Given Water


Sample
Introduction:
It is the measure of waters capacity to neutralize acids. Bicarbonates
represent major form of alkalinity as their reaction of CO 2 upon the basic
material in the soil.
C O 2 +CaCO3 + H 2 O yields Ca ¿ ¿
→

Salts of weak acids also contribute to alkalinity. Natural waters may


contain appreciable amount of carbonate and hydroxide alkalinity.

Reagents:
 Standard 0.1 N H2SO4
 Standard 0.1 N Na2S2O3
 Phenolphthalein Indicator
 Methyl orange Indicator

Principle:
Alkalinity is measured volumetrically by titration with N/50 H 2SO4 and
reported in terms of CaCO3 equivalent. For a sample whose pH>8.3
titration is done in two steps. In the first step titration is done until pH is
lowered to 8.3, the point at which phenolphthalein indicator turns pink to
colorless.

In second step, the titration is done to lower the pH upto 4.5, the
methyl orange and point when pH is less than 8.3, single titration is
made to pH 4.5.

Procedure:
(Phenolphthalein Alkalinity):

 Take 50 ml of Sample
 Add 2-3 drops of Phenolphthalein indicator
 Titrate with 0.1 N H2SO4 to colorless end point

Total Alkalinity:

 In the same flask add 2-3 drops of methyl orange


 Titrate with 0.1 N H2SO4 until the color changes pink to change pH
to 4.0

Relationship:

 Carbonate alkalinity is present when phenolphthalein is not zero


but less than total alkalinity Hydroxide alkalinity is present if
phenolphthalein alkalinity is more than half the total alkalinity.
 Bicarbonates alkalinity is present if phenolphthalein is less than
half of the total alkalinity.

Calculations:
mg A × N ×50000
P h enolp ht h alein Alkalinity= as CaC O 3=
liter ml of sample

B × N ×50000
Total Alkalinity ( met h yl Orange ) =
ml of Sample

Where A= Difference of Initial and Final Readings ml of Titrant

Experiment No:3 Determination of Alkalinity of Given Water Sample Introduction: It is the measure of waters capacity to n
(Phenolphthalein Alkalinity): Take 50 ml of Sample Add 2-3 drops of Phenolphthalein indicator Titrate with 0.1 N H2SO4 to

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