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Pro Forma Income Statement Insights

The document provides a quiz on concepts related to financial planning and forecasting. It asks multiple choice questions about topics such as projecting cash flows, constructing financial planning models, preparing pro forma financial statements using different methods, and analyzing the outputs of financial plans.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
59 views26 pages

Pro Forma Income Statement Insights

The document provides a quiz on concepts related to financial planning and forecasting. It asks multiple choice questions about topics such as projecting cash flows, constructing financial planning models, preparing pro forma financial statements using different methods, and analyzing the outputs of financial plans.
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FORECASTING:MISCONCEPTION CHECK

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

[Link]@[Link] Switch account

Your email will be recorded when you submit this form

* Required

A projected excess cash balance for the month may be *

1 point

financed with short-term securities

invested in long-term securities

invested in marketable securities

financed with long-term securities

The first step in constructing a financial planning model is to: *

1 point

determine the mix of securities that the company will need to issue.

project future cash flows from operations.

determine the amount of external financing that is needed.

determine what additional fixed assets the company will need.

If a firm expects short-term cash surpluses, it can plan ________. *

1 point
short-term borrowing

leverage decisions

long-term investments

short-term investments

1. The net fixed asset investment (NFAI) is defined as the change in net fixed assets
plus depreciation. 2. The net current asset investment (NCAI) is defined as the change
in current assets minus the change in sum of the accounts payable and accruals *

1 point

both statements are true

first statement is true

first statement is false

both statements are false

1. The statement of cash flows allows the financial manager and other interested parties
to analyze a firm's past and possibly future profitability. 2. Net operating profit after
taxes (NOPAT) represents a firm's earnings after deducting both interest and taxes. *

1 point

both statements are true

both statements are false

first statement is false

first statement is true

The ________ method of developing a pro forma balance sheet estimates values of
certain balance sheet accounts while external financing is used as a balancing, or plug,
figure. *

1 point
cash flow

judgmental

percent-of-sales

accrual

A firm plans to retire outstanding bonds in the next planning period. Which of the
following gets affected? *

1 point

pro forma income statement and pro forma balance sheet

pro forma income statement and proxy statement

previous year income statement and statement of retained earnings

previous year income statement and previous year balance sheet

Given a financial manager's preference for faster receipt of cash flows, ________. *

1 point

the manager is not concerned with depreciable life, because once purchased, depreciation is
considered a sunk cost

a shorter depreciable life is preferred to a longer one

the manager is not concerned with depreciable life, because depreciation is a noncash expense

a longer depreciable life is preferred to a shorter one

In the next planning period, a firm plans to change its policy of all cash sales and initiate
a credit policy requiring payment within 30 days. The statements that will be directly
affected immediately are the ________. *

1 point

cash budget and statement of retained earnings

pro forma balance sheet and cash budget


pro forma income statement and pro forma balance sheet

pro forma income statement, balance sheet, and cash budget

All of the following are part of the financial planning process except: *

1 point

deciding which risks are worth taking.

projecting the future.

minimizing risk.

analyzing investment and financing options.

A financial planning model will generally include all of the following except the: *

1 point

projected sales.

forecast increase in retained earnings.

required increase in fixed assets.

listing of the firm's goals.

A firm's final sales forecast is usually a function of *

1 point

internal and external factors in combination

the salesperson's estimates of demand

its accounts receivable

its net income

1. A firm's free cash flow (FCF) represents the amount of cash flow available to
investors (stockholders and bondholders) after the firm has met all operating needs and
after having paid for net fixed asset investments and net current asset investments 2.
Operating cash flow (OCF) is equal to a firm's net operating profits after taxes minus all
non-cash charges. *

1 point

both statements are false

first statement is true

first statement is false

both statements are true

In general, firms that are subject to a high degree of ________, relatively short
production cycles, or both, tend to use shorter planning horizons. *

1 point

operating certainty

profitability

financial certainty

financial planning

The firm's current financial statements would be included in: *

1 point

the inputs of a financial plan.

the planning model for the financial plan.

no part of the financial plan.

the outputs of the financial plan.

Once sales are forecasted, ________ must be generated to estimate required raw
materials. *

1 point
a production plan

a purchases budget

an operational plan

a cash budget

Outputs from a financial plan would include such items as: *

1 point

a pro forma statement of sources and uses of cash.

the firm's current financial statements.

sales growth forecasts.

a percentage of sales planning model.

A firm has prepared the coming year's pro forma balance sheet resulting in a plug figure
in a preliminary statement—called the external financing required—of negative
P250,000. The firm may prepare to ________. *

1 point

do nothing; the balance sheet balances

sell common stock totaling P250,000

invest in marketable securities totaling P250,000

arrange for a loan of P250,000

Which one of the following is not typically included among the three major components
of a financial planning model? *

1 point

Inputs: current financial statements, forecasts of key variables

Shareholders’ risk preferences

Planning model: equations specifying key relationships


Outputs: pro formas, financial ratios, sources and uses of cash

Which one of these best describes the relationship between net working capital (NWC)
and sales? *

1 point

NWC will change by the same percentage as sales.

NWC changes in direct relation to sales, but the change may be less than proportional with sales.

NWC changes by a greater percentage than the change in sales, but the change is linear in
nature.

NWC is unaffected by changes in the sales level.

The percentage-of-sales method of preparing pro forma income statements assumes


that *

1 point

all costs inversely vary with sales

all costs are variable

all costs are independent

sales are fixed

The final variable to have its value determined in a financial plan is often referred to as
the: *

1 point

retained earnings plowback.

growth forecast.

net income.

balancing item

Which of the following represents a way of coping with uncertainty in a cash budget? *
1 point

careful estimation of cash budgets outputs

developing a pro forma income statement to forecast sales and then express the various income
statement items as percentage of projected sales

always using the prior year's data for estimates of the future

using scenario analysis, or "what if" approach, to analyze cash flows under a variety of
circumstances

The flexibility of financial plans is evident in the extent that: *

1 point

the plans can be adapted when conditions change.

planning output is the same regardless of economic conditions.

actual profits will deviate from projected profits.

use of the plans can be extended.

The percent-of-sales method to prepare a pro forma income statement assumes a firm
has no fixed costs. Therefore, the use of the past cost and expense ratios generally
tends to ________ profits when sales are increasing. *

1 point

understate

overstate

accurately predict

have no effect on

Utilizing past cost and expense ratios (percent-of-sales method) when preparing pro
forma financial statements will tend to ________. *

1 point
overstate profits when sales are increasing

understate profits when sales are increasing

understate profits when sales are decreasing

neither understate nor overstate profits

Alternative "what if?" scenarios can be easily accommodated in financial planning by


use of *

1 point

leverage ratios

spreadsheet programs.

sustainable growth models.

planning outputs.

When most of the elements of a financial plan are related to sales levels, the plan is: *

1 point

a percentage of sales model.

not adjusted for inflation

less likely to be effective.

using sales as a plug figure.

In a period of rising sales utilizing past cost and expense ratios (percent-of-sales
method), when preparing pro forma financial statements and planning financing, will
tend to ________. *

1 point

overstate retained earnings and overstate the additional financing needed

understate retained earnings and understate the additional financing needed

overstate retained earnings and understate the financing needed


understate retained earnings and overstate the financing needed

1. Free cash flow (FCF) is the cash flow a firm generates from its normal operations;
calculated as EBIT minus taxes plus depreciation 2. A firm's operating cash flow (OCF)
is the cash flow it generates from its normal operations: producing and selling its output
of goods or services. *

1 point

first statement is false

first statement is true

both statements are false

both statements are true

In preparing a cash budget, the ________ seasonal and uncertain a firm's cash flows,
the ________ the number of budgeting intervals it should use. *

1 point

more; greater

more; fewer

less; fewer

less; greater

The key aspects of a financial planning process are ________. *

1 point

cash planning and profit planning

cash planning and investment planning

operations planning and investment planning

investment planning and profit planning

The weakness of the judgmental approach to preparing a pro forma balance sheet is _ *
1 point

the assumption that the firm's past financial condition is an accurate predictor of its future

the assumption that the firm faces linear total revenue and total operating cost functions

ease of calculation and preparation

the assumption that the values of certain accounts can be forced to take on desired levels

An internal forecast is based on ________. *

1 point

developing the pro forma income statement to forecast sales and then express the various income
statement items as percentage of projected sales

the prediction of a firm's sales over a given period through surveys sent to financial analysts

the relationships between a firm's sales and certain economic indicators

a buildup, or consensus, of sales forecasts through a firm's own sales channels, adjusted for
additional factors such as production capabilities

Which of the following is a source of cash flows? *

1 point

increase in marketable securities

decrease in notes payable

repurchase of stock

increase in accounts payable

Which of the following would be the least likely to utilize a cash budget *

1 point

public investors

top management

lenders
middle management

Pro formas refer to: *

1 point

deviations in results from previous financial plans.

plans developed by a certified financial planner

the inputs in the financial planning process.

projected financial statements

Of the following components of a cash budget, generally the easiest to estimate would
be the *

1 point

cash receipts

cash sales

cash disbursements

month-to-month short-term borrowing

Which one of the following is not a reason for compiling financial plans? *

1 point

Considering options

Calculating the optimal plan

Contingency planning

Forcing consistency

One way a firm can reduce the amount of cash it needs in any month is to *

1 point
accrue taxes

speed up payment of accounts payable

delay the payment of wages

slow down the payment of receivables

Next

IDENTIFICATION & MULTIPLE CHOICE


CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY. NO OTHER SYMBOLS PLS

Important aspects of operationalizing strategy for budget purposes do not include: *

1 point

development of appropriate performance criteria

implementation of appropriate control systems

calculating depreciation and amortisation

identification of required resources

Identify the ITEM as a cash flow from operating activities (O), a cash flow from
investment activities (I), or a cash flow from financing activities (F). WRITE O, I or F.
ITEM:Sale of equipment *

1 point

Your answer

What is the meaning of POSITIVE AFN IN SCF ACTIVITY? *

1 point

Your answer
2ND OTHER TERM FOR AFN *

1 point

Your answer

1A positive external funds requirement would indicate that the firm’s financing is in
excess of its needs and that funds would therefore be available for repaying debt,
repurchasing stock, or increasing the dividend to stockholders 2If the net cash flow is
less than the minimum cash balance, financing is required *

1 point

1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE

1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE

1ST method of sales forecasting technique based on what people do *

1 point

Your answer

1Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT) represents the firm’s earnings after deducting
both interest taxes. 2The firm’s free cash flow (FCF) represents the amount of cash flow
available to pay bank loans after the firm has met all operating needs and after having
paid for net fixed asset investments and net current asset investments. *

1 point
1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE

1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE

[Link] plans will rarely succeed unless the forecasts are perfect. 2Financial
planning models routinely adjust for present value and risk. *

1 point

1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE

1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE

The assumptions underlying a company’s financial planning model do not include: *

1 point

levels of sales growth

levels of working capital

levels of investment

levels of directors’ remuneration

1ST METHOD of determining AFN *

1 point

Your answer

1ST OTHER TERM FOR AFN *


1 point

Your answer

Identify the ITEM as a cash flow from operating activities (O), a cash flow from
investment activities (I), or a cash flow from financing activities (F). WRITE O, I or F.
ITEM:Rent payment *

1 point

Your answer

1.A major deficiency of the statement of cash flows is that it doesn't explicitly consider
non-cash transactions. 2, An increase in an asset is a source of funds. *

1 point

1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE

1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE

2ND METHOD of determining AFN *

1 point

Your answer

A budget is not *

1 point

a part of the strategic management process


a forecast

a plan

a qualitative statement

The firm's current financial statements would be included in. *

1 point

the inputs of a financial plan.

the planning model for the financial plan

the outputs of the financial plan.

no part of the financial plan.

[Link] cash budget is only as useful as the accuracy of the forecasts used in preparing
it. 2The basic information needed to construct a flow of funds statement is found on
the income statement *

1 point

1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE

1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE

[Link] the cash budget shows cash flows on a monthly basis, the information
provided by the cash budget is adequate for ensuring solvency.. 2Because the cash
budget shows cash flows only on a monthly basis, the information provided by the cash
budget is not necessarily adequate for ensuring solvency *

1 point
1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE

1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE

1ST method of sales forecasting technique based on what people have done *

1 point

Your answer

[Link] is a use of funds. 2, A forecast balance sheet could be estimated based


on a firm's past financial ratios. *

1 point

1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE

1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE

1st method of sales forecasting technique based on what people say *

1 point

Your answer

Identify the ITEM as a cash flow from operating activities (O), a cash flow from
investment activities (I), or a cash flow from financing activities (F). WRITE O, I or F.
ITEM:Depreciation expense *

1 point
Your answer

1Due to the no fixed costs assumption in the percent of sales method, the use of cost
and expense ratios generally tends to understate profits when sales are increasing and
overstate profits when sales are decreasing. 2It would be correct to define Operating
Cash Flow (OCF) as net operating profit after taxes minus depreciation. *

1 point

1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE

1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE

SAMPLE OF INTERNAL SOURCE OF FINANCING *

1 point

Your answer

A forecast is not: *

1 point

a prediction of future events

based on extrapolation of past data

a budget

based on expert opinion

The implications of the forecasts from a financial plan are determined by the: *

1 point
plan inputs.

balancing item.

planning model.

plowback ratio.

Outputs from a financial plan would include such items as: *

1 point

Sales growth forecasts.

a percentage of sales planning model.

a pro forma statement of sources and uses of cash

The firm's current financial statements

2ND method of sales forecasting technique based on what people say *

1 point

Your answer

1One basic weakness of the simplified pro forma approaches lies in the assumption
that certain variables, such as cash, accounts receivable, and inventories, can be forced
to take on certain “desired” values.. 2Required financing and excess cash are typically
viewed as short term. Therefore, required financing may be represented by notes
payable and excess cash is assumed invested in a liquid, interest paying vehicle such as
marketable securities *

1 point

1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE

1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE


BOTH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE

Strategic plans are: *

1 point

short-term

budgets

forecasts

long-term

What is the 2nd stage in finance process *

1 point

Your answer

Pro formas refer to: *

1 point

plans developed by a Certified Financial Planner.

the inputs in the financial planning process.

projected financial statements.

deviations in results from previous financial plans.

Identify the ITEM as a cash flow from operating activities (O), a cash flow from
investment activities (I), or a cash flow from financing activities (F). WRITE O, I or F.
ITEM:Sale of common stock *

1 point
Your answer

Identify the ITEM as a cash flow from operating activities (O), a cash flow from
investment activities (I), or a cash flow from financing activities (F). WRITE O, I or F.
ITEM:Purchase of fixed assets *

1 point

Your answer

What is the meaning of NEGATIVE AFN IN SCF ACTIVITY? *

1 point

Your answer

Identify the ITEM as a cash flow from operating activities (O), a cash flow from
investment activities (I), or a cash flow from financing activities (F). WRITE O, I or F.
ITEM:Dividend payment *

1 point

Your answer

Next

ESSAY
LIMIT YOUR ANSWER 200 TO 300 WORDS

Briefly discuss the TIPO of financial measure of performance *

In financial measure of performance or the financial statement analysis, tools such as


ratio, trend, horizontal, vertical, regression, and graphical analysis are to be used.
The input here is the financial statements. There are five types of financial statements
namely: income statement, balance sheet, statement of change in equity, statement of
cash flow, and notes to financial statements.

Financial statement analysis is the process in measuring the firm’s financial


performance. It assesses financial management performance as well.

Combining these tools, inputs, and process, we will come up to several decisions which
can help the firm’s finance operations and performance.

Briefly discuss the TIPO of financial controlling *

Financial controlling is part of the company's management system. Its main task it to achieve


liquidity and company's ability to pay its obligations at proper time. It could be represented in the
form of three-phase cycle of planning, implementation and control. In addition, it consists of
tools, inputs, process, and outputs. Here, we make use of inventory, creditor, or debtor analysis
as tools. These involve consolidation of supplier base to maximize purchasing and payment
efficiency, unlocking of cash tied in stocks, reduce SKUs, review product profitability, demand
forecasting, and improvisation of debtors and credit control.

Financial plans are the most important inputs into financial controlling. It is a road map, a
guideline, a reminder of what your goals are–what you are trying to achieve in the short-term and
the long-term. It lays out what your possible costs are, and it seeks out to address avenues for
how to manage these costs.

Working capital management, on the other hand, is the process in financial controlling. It helps
companies effectively make use of current assets and maintain sufficient cash flow to meet short-
term goals and obligations.

After the process, we will have an output in the form of decisions. These decisions are all based
on the tools, inputs, and processes used.

Briefly discuss the TIPO of finance process. *

In finance process, tools such as budgets, financial statements, financial statement analysis, and
working capital management will be used. Working capital management can deliver significant
business benefits in a relatively short period of time, where idle capital can be effectively and
efficiently utilized.

The input here consists of sales forecast. Every business benefit from a sales forecast because it
enables them to make more informed business decisions. It aids in the planning, budgeting, and
risk management of the business as a whole. Sales forecasting enables businesses to allocate
resources efficiently for future growth while also managing their cash flow.

Finance process, on the other hand, will be applied to make decisions. These decisions are
necessary to the firm and will help in the whole financial operation.

compare & contrast savings with investment *

Although the terms "saving" and "investing" are often used interchangeably, we should
be doing both to ensure our financial security in the long run. Saving and investing have
one thing in common: they are both of the utmost importance to us.

The most significant distinction between saving and investing is the amount of risk
involved. In order to save, you must deposit your funds into an appropriate financial tool,
such as money market account or certificate of deposit. Although there's little chance of
losing money, there are also few opportunities to make money. Generally, you can
access your savings when you need them if you put money aside (or after a period of
time). The potential for long-term gains or rewards is greater when investing, but the
risk of loss is also greater.

For a higher return, you must take on more risk, but the downside is that you could lose
a lot of money. Before making any decisions, take a look at your goals to see which one
is most important to you: saving or investing? An incorrect choice may result in large
expenses or a loss of potential investment income, both of which could be very
expensive.

Another distinction is interest, which refers to the money that is earned. Investing is
about making money, while saving is about keeping our money safe and earning next to
nothing.
Briefly discuss the TIPO of financial planning *

Financial planning is the process of determining how financial resources will be used to achieve
goals and objectives. It comprises sources of funds (financial resources) and utilization of funds
(financial techniques). Additionally, it consists of tools, inputs, process, and outputs. Here, we
make use of master budget as a tool. It is a comprehensive financial planning document that
includes all of the lower-level budgets, cash flow forecasts, budgeted financial statements, and
financial plans of an organization. The sales forecast is one of the most important inputs into
financial planning. Every business benefit from a sales forecast because it enables them to make
more informed business decisions. It aids in the planning, budgeting, and risk management of the
business as a whole. Sales forecasting enables businesses to allocate resources efficiently for
future growth while also managing their cash flow. Budgeting, on the other hand, is the process
in making financial plans. It is simply a spending plan that takes into account both current and
future income and expense amounts. After the process, we will have an output of a projected
financial statement (proforma financial statement). Proforma financial statements are used to
facilitate the comparison of historical data and future performance projections.

Briefly discuss the TIPO of financial controlling *

Financial controlling is part of the company's management system. Its main task it to achieve


liquidity and company's ability to pay its obligations at proper time. It could be represented in the
form of three-phase cycle of planning, implementation and control. In addition, it consists of
tools, inputs, process, and outputs. Here, we make use of inventory, creditor, or debtor analysis
as tools. These analyses deal in studying and understanding the stock/product mix combined with
the knowledge of the demand for stock/product, the firm’s creditors, and debtors.

Financial plans are the most important inputs into financial controlling. It is a road map, a
guideline, a reminder of what your goals are–what you are trying to achieve in the short-term and
the long-term. It lays out what your possible costs are, and it seeks out to address avenues for
how to manage these costs.

Working capital management, on the other hand, is the process in financial controlling. It helps
companies effectively make use of current assets and maintain sufficient cash flow to meet short-
term goals and obligations.

After the process, we will have an output in the form of decisions. These decisions are all based
on the tools, inputs, and processes used.

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