Faculty of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

Reinforced Concrete Design 2

One-Way Slab Design Example

Q1:

The above figure shows a one-way slab with beams and girders.
Beams are in X-direction (perpendicular to slab strip) and girders are in Y-direction
(parallel to slab strip).
Concrete:𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐′ = 25 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝛾𝛾𝑐𝑐 = 24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚3 Steel:𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 400 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
All beams and girders have the same section 300 x 600 mm.
All columns have the same square section 300 x 300 mm.
Superimposed dead load SDL = 2.5 kN/𝑚𝑚2
Live load LL = 3.5 kN/𝑚𝑚2
All external beams and girders as well as the internal beam C support a wall with a
uniform weight of 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 14.4 kN/𝑚𝑚

1. Design the slab

2. Design the Beams & Girders
 One Way Slab Design
Dr. Ahmed Mustafa Maglad

September 12, 2020

The slab strip is modeled as a continuous beam with four equal spans

Figure 1: 1-m slab strip

1 Determine Slab thickness

l
Spans 1 and 4: One end continuous hmin = 24 = 3800.0
24 = 158.3 mm
Spans 2 and 3: Both ends continuous hmin = 28 = 3800.0
l
28 = 135.7 mm
Use h = 160.0 mm

Calculate wu and Mu
Slab wt. = 24.00 × 0.16 = 3.84 kN/m2
wu = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2(2.50 + 3.84) + 1.6(3.5) = 13.21 kN/m

2 Flexural analysis
All conditions of ACI/SBC coefficient method are satisfied.
So Mu = Cm Wu (ln )2 Vu = Cv Wu ( l2n )
ln is the clear length Wu is the factored uniform load
ln = 3.8 − 0.3 0.3
2 − 2 = 3.5 m for all spans
For shear force, span positive moment and external negative moment, ln is the clear length of the
span
For internal negative moment, ln is the average of clear lengths of the adjacent spans.
Cm and Cv are the moment and shear coefficients given by ACI tables
The moment coefficients and values are given below:

1
 Figure 2: Cm values

The moments are obtained by: Mu = Cm Wu (ln )2

Span 1
2 2
extN egM t = wu24ln = 13.21(3.50)
24 = 6.74 kN.m
wu ln2 13.21(3.50)2
MP os = 14 = 14 = 11.56 kN.m
wu ln2 13.21(3.50)2
intN egM t = 10 = 10 = 16.18 kN.m
Span 2
2 13.21(3.50)2
MN eg = wu11ln = 11 = 14.71 kN.m
wu ln2 13.21(3.50)2
MP os = 16 = = 10.11 kN.m
16
The resulting moments are as shown:

Figure 3: Moment Diagram

Determine depth to tension bars ”d”

d = h − cover − Dbar
2
12.00
d = 160.00 − 20.00 − 2 = 134.0 mm

3 Designing slab for Ext negative moment Mu = 6.74 kN.m

0.85fc−
 q 
2Mu
ρ= fy 1 − 1 − φ0.85f − 2
c bd
 q 
0.85(25) 2×6.74×106
ρ = 400 1 − 1 − (0.9)0.85(25)1000(134.0)2 = 0.0011
As = ρ × b × d = 0.0011(1000)(134.0) = 141.2 mm2
Check min. steel
Asmin = 0.002 × b × h = 0.002(1000.0)(160.0) = 320.0 mm2 As < AsM in
U seAs = AsM in

2
Determine tension bars spacing reqd. for moment
Bar spacing reqd.= 1000 mm AA s per one bar
s requred
S = 1000 mm 113.1
320.0 = 353.4 mm

Determine Maximum tension bars spacing requirment per ACI-318

Maximum spacing between main tension bars

Spacingreqd. f or moment = 353.4

= smallerof 3 × slab thickness = 3(160.0) = 480.0

450 mm


S = 353.4 mm
Use φ12.0@350 mm

4 Designing slab for max positive moment Mu = 11.56 kN.m

0.85fc−
 q 
2Mu
ρ= fy 1 − 1 − φ0.85f − 2
c bd
 q 
0.85(25) 2×11.56×106
ρ = 400 1 − 1 − (0.9)0.85(25)1000(134.0)2 = 0.0018
As = ρ × b × d = 0.0018(1000)(134.0) = 243.7 mm2
Check min. steel
Asmin = 0.002 × b × h = 0.002(1000.0)(160.0) = 320.0 mm2 As < AsM in
U seAs = AsM in

Determine tension bars spacing reqd. for moment

Bar spacing reqd.= 1000 mm AA s per one bar
s requred
S = 1000 mm 113.1
320.0 = 353.4 mm

Determine Maximum tension bars spacing requirment per ACI-318

Maximum spacing between main tension bars

Spacingreqd. f or moment = 353.4

= smallerof 3 × slab thickness = 3(160.0) = 480.0

450 mm


S = 353.4 mm
Use φ12.0@350 mm

5 Designing slab for max int Negative moment Mu = 16.18 kN.m

0.85fc−
 q 
2Mu
ρ= fy 1 − 1 − φ0.85f − 2
c bd
 q 
0.85(25) 2×16.18×106
ρ = 400 1 − 1 − (0.9)0.85(25)1000(134.0)2 = 0.0026

3
As = ρ × b × d = 0.0026(1000)(134.0) = 343.7 mm2
Check min. steel
Asmin = 0.002 × b × h = 0.002(1000.0)(160.0) = 320.0 mm2 As > Asmin OK

Determine tension bars spacing reqd. for moment

Bar spacing reqd.= 1000 mm AA s per one bar
s requred
S = 1000 mm 113.1
343.7 = 329.1 mm

Determine Maximum tension bars spacing requirment per ACI-318

Maximum spacing between main tension bars

Spacingreqd. f or moment = 329.1

= smallerof 3 × slab thickness = 3(160.0) = 480.0

450 mm


S = 329.1 mm
Use φ12.0@320 mm

6 Designing slab for shrinkage reinforcement

Determine Shirnkage bars spacing reqd. by analysis

As per one bar
Asmin = 0.002 × b × h = 0.002(1000)(160.0) = 320.0 mm2 Bar spacing reqd.= 1000 mm As requred
S = 1000 mm 113.1
320.0 = 353.4 mm

Determine Maximum shrinkage bars spacing requirment per ACI-

318
Maximum spacing between shrinkage bars

Spacingreqd. f or shrinkage = 353.4

= smallerof 5 × slab thickness = 5(160.0) = 800.0

450 mm


S = 353.4 mm
Use φ12.0@350 mm

Shear check
We must check that φVc ≥ Vu The ultimate shear force determined in the analysis is
Vu = Cv Wu ( l2n ) Where C
v is is either 1.0 or 1.15. We use the largest value
so Vu = 1.15 × 13.21 3.52 = 26.59 kN
The nominal concrete shear strength is given by:

4
 √ √
Vc = 0.17 fc, × b × d = 0.17 25 × 1000 × 134 = 113.9 × 103 N =113.9 kN
φVc = 0.75 × 113.9 = 85.4 kN ≥ Vu Shear is OK
If φVc < Vu , we do not provide stirrups (as in beams). We increase slab thickness

Detailing
The design results must be presented in appropriate execution plans providing all information about
various reinforcements as well as the development lengths. ACI and SBC provisions must be used.

Figure 4: Reinforcement Detailing

5
 Design Project 3-Storey Building
Dr. Ahmed Mustafa Maglad

September 12, 2020

1 Analysis and design of internal beam B:

The tributary width for the internal beams along lines B or D is: 3.8 3.8
2 + 2 = 3.80 m The beam dead
load must include the beam web weight and any possible wall load.
Dead wbD = (SDL + γc hs ) × lt + γc bbw hbw + wwall
Live wbL = LL × lt
The thickness of the beam web is: hbw = hb − hs = 600.0 − 160.0 = 440.0 mm = 0.440 m
For the beam the loading is:
wbD = (2.5 + 24.0 × 0.160) × 3.80 + 24.0 × 0.30 × 0.44 = 27.260 kN/m
wbL = 3.5 × 3.80 = 13.3 kN/m
wbu = 1.2wbD + 1.6wbL = 1.2(27.26) + 1.6(13.3) = 53.99 kN/m
Span: 1
ln = 7.90
ln average = 7.85
2 2
extN egM t = wu24ln = 53.99(7.90)
24 = −140.40 kN.m
wu ln2 53.99(7.90)2
MP os = 14 = 14 = 240.69 kN.m
wu lnAv 2 53.99(7.85)2
intN egM t = 9 = 9 = −369.68 kN.m
Span: 2
ln = 7.80
ln average = 7.85
2 53.99(7.85)2
intN egM t = wu lnAv
9 = 9 = −369.68 kN.m
wu ln2 53.99(7.80)2
MP os = 14 = 14 = 234.63 kN.m
wu ln2 53.99(7.80)2
extN egM t = 24 = 24 = −136.87 kN.m
Shear force for span: 1
Vu,ext = wu2ln = 53.99(7.90)
2 = 213.27 kN
wu ln 53.99(7.90)
Vu,int = 1.15 2 = 1.15 2 = 245.26 kN
Shear force for span: 2
Vu,ext = wu2ln = 53.99(7.80)
2 = 210.57 kN
wu ln 53.99(7.80)
Vu,int = 1.15 2 = 1.15 2 = 242.15 kN

1
 -369.68 -369.68

-140.40 -136.87

240.69 234.63

Figure 1: Moment Digram for beamB

242.15
213.27

-210.57
-245.26

Figure 2: Shear Digram for beamB

2 Analysis and design of internal beam C:

The tributary width for the internal beams along lines C: 3.8 3.8
2 + 2 = 3.80 m The beam dead load
must include the beam web weight and any possible wall load.
Dead wbD = (SDL + γc hs ) × lt + γc bbw hbw + wwall
Live wbL = LL × lt
The thickness of the beam web is: hbw = hb − hs = 600.0 − 160.0 = 440.0 mm = 0.440 m
For the beam the loading is:
wbD = (2.5 + 24.0 × 0.160) × 3.80 + 24.0 × 0.30 × 0.44 + 14.4 = 41.660 kN/m
wbL = 3.5 × 3.80 = 13.3 kN/m
wbu = 1.2wbD + 1.6wbL = 1.2(41.66) + 1.6(13.3) = 71.27 kN/m
Span: 1
ln = 7.90
ln average = 7.85
2 2
extN egM t = wu16ln = 71.27(7.90)
16 = −278.01 kN.m
wu ln2 71.27(7.90)2
MP os = 14 = 14 = 317.72 kN.m
wu lnAv 2 71.27(7.85)2
intN egM t = 9 = 9 = −488.00 kN.m
Span: 2
ln = 7.80
ln average = 7.85

2
 2
wu lnAv 2
intN egM t = 9 = 71.27(7.85)
9 = −488.00 kN.m
wu ln2 71.27(7.80)2
MP os = 14 = 14 = 309.73 kN.m
wu ln2 71.27(7.80)2
extN egM t = 16 = 16 = −271.01 kN.m
Shear force for span: 1
Vu,ext = wu2ln = 71.27(7.90)
2 = 281.52 kN
wu ln 71.27(7.90)
Vu,int = 1.15 2 = 1.15 2 = 323.75 kN
Shear force for span: 2
Vu,ext = wu2ln = 71.27(7.80)
2 = 277.96 kN
wu ln 71.27(7.80)
Vu,int = 1.15 2 = 1.15 2 = 319.65 kN
-488.00 -488.00

-278.01 -271.01

317.72 309.73

Figure 3: Moment Digram for beamC

319.65
281.52

-277.96
-323.75

Figure 4: Shear Digram for beamC

3
3 Analysis and design of internal Girder 2:
The tributary width for the internal girder along line 2:lt = 8.2 8.1
2 + 2 = 8.15 m
ltn = (Lt − bg ) = 8.15 − 0.30 = 7.85 m
Girder concentrated force = beam uniform load × Clear tributary width
P = wbeam × Ltn = wbeam (Lt − bg )
PD = wbD × Ltn PL = wbL × Ltn
PD = 27.260 × 7.85 = 213.991 kN , PL = 13.3 × 7.85 = 104.40 kN
Pu = 1.2PD + 1.6PL = 1.2(213.991) + 1.6(104.405) = 423.84 kN
weq,u = 2PLu = 2×423.84
7.6 = 111.54 kN/m
The uniform load on the girder (not supporting wall loading) is:.
Dead wgD = SDL × bg + γc bg hg
Live wgL = LL × bg
wgD = 2.5 × 0.300 + 24.0 × 0.30 × 0.60 = 5.070 kN/m
wgL = 3.5 × 0.30 = 1.1 kN/m
wgu = 1.2wgD + 1.6wgL = 1.2(5.07) + 1.6(1.1) = 7.76 kN/m wgt,u
= weq,u + wgu = 111.54 + 7.76 = 119.30 kN/m
Span: 1
ln = 7.30
ln average = 7.30
2 2
extN egM t = wu16ln = 119.30(7.30)
16 = −397.34 kN.m
wu ln2 119.30(7.30)2
MP os = 14 = 14 = 454.11 kN.m
wu lnAv 2 119.30(7.30)2
intN egM t = 9 = 9 = −706.39 kN.m
Span: 2
ln = 7.30
ln average = 7.30
2 119.30(7.30)2
intN egM t = wu lnAv
9 = 9 = −706.39 kN.m
wu ln2 119.30(7.30)2
MP os = 14 = 14 = 454.11 kN.m
wu ln2 119.30(7.30)2
extN egM t = 16 = 16 = −397.34 kN.m
Shear force for span: 1
Vu,ext = wu2ln = 119.30(7.30)
2 = 435.45 kN
wu ln 119.30(7.30)
Vu,int = 1.15 2 = 1.15 2 = 500.76 kN
Shear force for span: 2
Vu,ext = wu2ln = 119.30(7.30)
2 = 435.45 kN
wu ln 119.30(7.30)
Vu,int = 1.15 2 = 1.15 2 = 500.76 kN

4
 -706.39 -706.39

-397.34 -397.34

454.11 454.11

Figure 5: Moment Digram for girder2

500.76
435.45

-435.45
-500.76

Figure 6: Shear Digram for girder2

Flexural RC design

Thickness
L
Both spans have one end continuous: hmin = 18.5 = 7600
18.5 = 410 mm
The actual thickness of 600 mm is therefore OK.
We assume a bar diameter of 22 mm and a stirrup diameter of 10 mm, for the beams.
Cover = 40 mm Steel depth d = h − cover − d2b − ds = 600 − 40 − 22
2 − 10 = 539 mm

Flange width
Determine be according to ACI requirements

Ln 7300
 4 (shortestspan) = 4 = 1825.00 mm

bef f ≤ min bw + 16hf = 300.00 + 16(160.0) = 2860.0 mm

c.c of beam = 8100 mm


bef f = 1825 mm

Design for the positive span moment Mu = 454.11 kN.m

Calculate As assuming that a < hf with beam width = be &φ = 0.9
454.11×106
Rn = φ×bMeu×d2 = 0.90×1825×539 2 = 0.95 MPa

5
 fy 400.00
m= 0.85f , = =18.82
 c q0.85×25.00 
ρ= 1
m 1− 1 − 2mRfy
n

 q 
1 2×18.82×0.95
ρ= 18.82 1− 1− 400.00 = 0.0024
0.85fc−
 q 
2Mu
ρ= fy 1 − 1 − φ0.85f − 2
c be d
 q 
ρ = 0.85(25)
400 1 − 1 − 2×454.11×106
(0.9)0.85(25)1825(539)2
= 0.0024
As = ρ × be × d = 0.0024(1825)(539) = 2395.2 mm2
Check a ≤ hf assumption
A s fy 2395×400
a = 0.85f ,
c be
= 0.85(25)1825 = 24.7 mm
The assumption is right → Rectangular section design
Check min. steel
( 0.25√f , √
fy
c
bw d = 0.25 25.0
400.0 (300.0)(539.0) = 505.3
As,min = max 1.4 1.4
fy bw d = 400.0 (300.0)(539.0) = 565.9

As,min = 565.9 mm2 < As,Req = 2395.2 mm2 OK

Use 7φ22 mm(As,sup = 2660.9 mm2 )

Check spacing between bars

Arange bars in 1 rows with 4 bar each
Arange 3 rem bars in another row
Sc = 300.0−2×40.0−2×10.0−4.0×22.0
(4.0−1) = 37.3 mm > db > 25 mm O.K
dt = d + S2 + d2b = 539.00 + 25.00 22.00
2 + 2 = 562.50 mm
A s fy 2661×400
a = 0.85f ,
c be
= 0.85(25)1825 = 27.4 mm

β1 = 0.85f orfc, = 25.0M P a ≤ 28

c = βa1 = 27.4
0.85 = 32.3 mm
dt −c
0.003 = 562.5−32.3



t = c 32.3 0.003 = 0.0493
t > 0.005 ⇒ φ = 0.90,the assumtion is true → the section is
tension controlled
Md = φAs fy d − 2 = 0.90 × 2660.9 × 400.00 539.00 − 27.45
a
= 503.18 × 106 [Link] = 503.18 kN.m


2
Md = 503.18 kN.m > Mu = 454.11 kN.m OK

Design for the interior negative moment Mu = 706.39 kN.m

Assume that φ = 0.9 and calculate ρ and As

Mu 706.39×106
Rn = φ×bw ×d2
= 0.90×300×539 2 = 9.01 MPa
fy 400.00
m = 0.85fc, = 0.85×25.00 =18.82
 q 
1
ρ= m 1 − 1 − 2mR fy
n

 q 
1 2×18.82×9.01
ρ= 18.82 1− 1− 400.00 = 0.0324

6
As,Req = ρ × bw × d = 0.0324(300)(539) = 5236.4 mm2
Check min. steel
( 0.25√f , √
fy
c
bw d = 0.25 25.0
400.0 (300.0)(539.0) = 505.3
As,min = max 1.4 1.4
fy bw d = 400.0 (300.0)(539.0) = 565.9

As,min = 565.9 mm2 < As,Req = 5236.4 mm2 OK

Use 14φ22 mm(As,sup = 5321.9 mm2 )

Check solution
Check spacing between bars
Arange bars in 1 rows with 14 bar each
Sc = 1825.0−2×40.0−2×10.0−14.0×22.0
(14.0−1) = 109.0 mm

Check φ = 0.9 (tension controlled assumption)

A s fy 5322×400
a= 0.85fc, bw = 0.85(25)300 = 333.9 mm

β1 = 0.85f orfc, = 25.0M P a ≤ 28

c = βa1 = 333.9 = 392.8 mm

dt −c

0.85
0.003 = 539.0−392.8


t = c 392.8 0.003 = 0.0011
t < 0.004 the beam is over reinforced
Use compression reinforcment :

β1 = 0.85f orfc, = 25.0M P a ≤ 28

Mu 706.4
Mn = φ =0.9 = 784.9 : kN.m
,
   
3 0.85β1 fc 0.85(0.85)(25)
As1 = As,max = 8 fy b d = 38 400 (300)(539)
As1 = 2738.2 mm2
A s fy 2738×400
a = 0.85f , =
cb 0.85(25)300 = 171.8 mm
c = βa1 = 171.80.85 = 202.1 mm
Mn1 = As fy d − 2 = 2738.2 × 400 539 − 171.8
a



2
Mn1 = 496.26 × 106 [Link] = 496.3 kN.m
Mn2 = Mn
− Mn1 = 784.9 − 496.3 = 288.6 kN.m
,
fs, = c−d c 0.003E s ≤ fy
, 202.1−51
0.003(2 × 105 ) = 448.6 MPa


fs = 202.1
,
fs = fy = 400.0 MPa
288.6×106
A,s = fs, M
(d−d, ) = 400.0(539−51) = 1478.6 mm
n2 2
, ,
As2 = Afsyfs = (1478.6)(400.0)
400.0 = 1478.6 mm2
As = As1 + As2 = 2738.2 + 1478.6 = 4216.7 mm2
Use 12φ22 for tension steel (As,sup = 4561.6 mm2 )
Use 4φ22 for compresion steel (As,sup = 1520.5 mm2 )

7
Shear design
1. Calculate Vu,crit
Vu,crit = Vu − wu × d = 500.76 − 119.3 × 0.539 = 436.46 kN

2. Calculate φVc√
φVc = φ(0.17√ fc, × b.d)
=0.75 × 0.17 25.0 × 300.0 × 539.0 × 10−3 = 103.1 kN

3. Check (Determine 12 φVc )

1
2 φVc = 51.5 kN
Vu > 12 φVc (Shear reinforcement is needed)

4. Vu > φVc → calculte φVs (required)

φVs = Vu − φVc =436.5-103.1=333.4 kN

5. Assume 2-leg stirrups φ 10.0 (Av = 2As = 157.1 mm2 )

φAv fyt d
S = φV s
= 0.75×157.1×400.0×539.0
333.4×103
= 76.2 mm
Minimum S should be greater than 100 mm
Assume 2-leg stirrups φ 12.0 (Av = 2As = 226.2 mm2 )
S = 0.75×226.2×400.0×539.0
333.4×103
= 110 mm

6. Determine maximum spacing Smax due to minimum reinforcement

Smax = 16×226.2×400.0
√
300.0× 25.0
≤ 3×226.2×400.0
300.0
Smax = 965.1mm ≤ 904.8mm

7. Determine Maximum values for S according to code

2φVc = 206.2kN, φVs = Vu,crit − φVc = 333.4 kN
φVs > 2φVc → Smax ≤ d4 = 134.8 mm ≤ 300 mm

8. Use smallest spacing from steps 5,6,7

At this section use S= 110 mm
Use 2-leg stirrups φ 12.0 @ 110 mm

8
4 Axial force on column C2
The column tributary area At is determined using mid-lines between column lines only (not beam-
lines
The tributary area

7.6for the
internal column C2:
At = 8.2 2 + 8.1
2 2 + 7.6
2 = 8.15 × 7.60 = 61.94 m2
The dead force includes area loading as well the self weight of the webs of all beams and girders in
the tributary area. It also includes
P possible wall
P loads.
PD = (SDL + γc hs )At + γc ( αi bwi hwi lti ) + αi wwall,i lti Live PL = LL × At
For beams / girders inside the tributary area, the total web self weight and total wall load is con-
sidered (αi = 1).
For beams / girders on the border of the tributary area, only half is considered (αi = 0.5).
lti is the member length inside the tributary area.
In order to avoid duplication of beam-girder joint weights, clear lengths must be used for the beams
and full lengths for the girders.
Column C2 supports Beam C over a clear distance of 8.15 - 0.30=7.85 m,
girder 2 over a distance of 7.6 m
and half of the beams B and D over a clear distance of 7.85 m.
Beam C supports also a wall over a distance of 8.15 m.
PD = (2.5+24.0×0.16)61.94+24.0×0.30×0.44(7.85+7.60+0.5×7.85+0.5×7.85)+14.40×8.15 =
583.874 kN
PL = 3.5 × 61.940 = 216.79 kN
Pu = 1.2PD + 1.6PL = 1.2(583.87) + 1.6(216.8) = 1047.51 kN/m

For 3 story building Pu = 3 × 1047.51 = 3142.53 kN

Pworking = 3(PD + PL ) = 3(583.87 + 216.8) = 2401 kN

5 Column C2 Design
Assume first that ρg = 0.03
Ag ≥ 0.65×0.80[0.85fPc, +ρ
u
,
g (fy −0.85fc )]
3142.5×10 3
Ag = 0.65×0.80[0.85(25.0)+0.030(400−0.8525)]
Ag = 185307.1mm2
If square column used h = 430.5 mm
Use column 400.0 mm × 400.0 mm
Detrmine
h adjusted steel i ratio
Pu , 1
ρg ≥ φ×r×Ag − 0.85fc × (fy −0.85f ,
c)
h i
3142.5×103 1
ρg = 0.65×0.80×400×400 − 0.85(25) × (400.0−0.85(25.0)) = 0.0436
0.01 ≤ ρg ≤ 0.08 OK
Ast = ρ × Ag = 0.0436 × 400.0 × 400.0 = 6979.1 mm2
Use 12 φ28 mm (Ast,sup = 7389.0 mm2 )
Use φ 10 mm stirrups (for longitudinal bars with φ 28 mm ≤ φ 30 mm)
Check spacing
h−(N o. of bars in row)×db −2(cover)−2(dstirrups )
S= ((N o. of bars in row)−1)
400−(4)(28)−2(40)−2(10)
= 4−1 = 63 mm

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max{1.5×db = 42 mm, 40mm} < 63 mm < 150 OK
Determine Tie Links Spacing according to ACI requirements

16db = 16 × 28.0 = 448.00 mm

T ieSpacing ≤ min 48dt = 48(10.0) = 480.0 mm

least width of Column = 400 mm


Use Tie φ 10 at spacing 400 mm

Figure 7: Column C2

6 Footing Design for column C2

1. Plan of Footing
Assuming Footing depth =600 mm
Net soil pressure qnet = Allowable soil pressure−Pressure of footing wight(T hichness×γconc ) −
Pressure of overburden(height of overburden×γsoil )
qnet = 250.0 − 0.60(25)−1.5(16.0) = 211.0 kN/m2
P
Req. Area = PDqnet
+PL
= working
qnet
2401
= 211.0 = 11.38 m2
Use 3.4 m × 3.4 m = 11.4 m2
Aactual > Areq O.K

2. Depth of footing
Depth required for shear:
Pu = 3142.5 kN
Pu 3142.5
Net upward pressure = qnet = A = 11.4 = 275.07 kN/m2

(a) One way action:

Vu = (critical area
for shear)(qnet )
= 3.4 3.4−0.45
2 − d (275.07)
= 929.7[1.465 −√ d] kN
φVc = 0.75(0.17
√ fc, )B.d
= 0.75(0.17 28.0(3.4)(d) × 106 N
= 2.280 d ×103 kN
Vu = φVc

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 929.7[1.465 − d]= 2.280 d ×103
1.465 − d= 2.453 d
d = 1.465
2.453 = 0.424 m = 424 mm
Total thickness t = d + 75(cover) + 25bar diameter
= d + 100 = 524.3 mm
Use total thickness t= 600.00 mm

(b) Two way action:

Av. d = 600 − 100 = 500 mm
Critical area for shear = (3.4)(3.4) − (0.45 + 0.50)2 = 10.522 m2
Vu = qnet [10.522] kN
= (275.1)(10.522)
√ , = 2894.28 kN
φVc = φ(0.34 fc )bo .d
√ + (0.45 + 0.50)] × 2 = 3.80 m
bo = [(0.45 + 0.50)
φVc = 0.75(0.34 28.0)(3.80)(0.50) × 103 = 2563.73 kN
φVc < Vu not O.K increase thickness t
Use total thickness t= 650.00 mm
Av. d = 650 − 100 = 550 mm
Critical area for shear = (3.4)(3.4) − (0.45 + 0.55)2 = 10.424 m2
Vu = qnet [10.424] kN
= (275.1)(10.424)
√ = 2867.46 kN
φVc = φ(0.34 fc, )bo .d
√ + (0.45 + 0.55)] × 2 = 4.00 m
bo = [(0.45 + 0.55)
φVc = 0.75(0.34 28.0)(4.00)(0.55) × 103 = 2968.53 kN
φVc > Vu O.K
3. FLEXURE
2 1
Mu = (275.1) 3.4−0.45
2 . 2 = 295.18 kN.m/m
d = 650 − 75 − 22.0
2 = 564.0 mm
Mu
Rn = φbd2
295.18×106
= 0.90(1000)(564.00)2
= 1.03 MPa
fy 420.00
m = 0.85f , = =17.65
 c q0.85×28.00 
ρ= m 1
1 − 1 − 2mR fy
n

 q 
1
ρ = 17.65 1 − 1 − 2×17.65×1.03
420.00 = 0.0025
Ast = ρ × B × d
= 0.00251 × 3380 × 564.0 = 4785.92 mm2
Use 14 φ 22 mm
4. Check for Ld:
0.019Ab fy
Ld = √ , ≥ 0.058db .fy
 f2c  2
Ab = π d4 = 3.14 22.0 4 = 380.1 mm2
Ld = 0.019(380.1)(420.0)
√
28.0
= 573 or ≥ 0058(22.0)(420.0) = 536
Available bar length = 3380−450


2 − 75 = 1390 mm> Ld O.K
5. Check for bearig:

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 Bearing strength Nu = φ(0.85fc, )(Acol. )
= 0.65(0.85)(28.0)(450 × 450) × 10−3 = 3132.7 kN
Pu = 3142.5 kN (Pu > Nu dowels needed)
−Nu (3142.5−3132.7)×103
Required Asdowels = Puφf y
= 0.65(420.0) = 1012.5 mm2
Use 4 φ 22 (As=1521 mm2 )

6. Check for Ld for dowels:

0.24f d
Ld = √fy, b ≥ 0.0414fy db
c

= 0.24(420.0)(22.0)
√
28.0
≥0.0414(420.0)(22.0)
= 419 mm ≥ 383 mm
L1 & L2 should both be ≥ 419 mm
L1 = 650 − (75 + 22.0 + 22.0 + 22.0) = 509 mm O.K

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