Motion in Two-Dimensions Source and
Sink(12)
Binod Kumar∗
[Link]. Mathematics Semester: III
Paper: Fluid Dynamics XII (MAT CC-12)
Patna University ,Patna
October 16, 2020
1 Stream function or current function
Let u and v be the components of velocity in two-dimensional motion. The the differential
equation of streamline flow, is given by
dx dy
= or vdx − udy = 0 (1)
u v
and the equation of continuity of fluid flow is
∂u ∂v ∂v ∂(−u)
+ = 0 or = (2)
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x
Equation (2) be exact condition for the differential equation (1). so solution of equation
must be in the form dψ = 0 such that
∂ψ ∂ψ
dψ = dx + = vdx − udy = 0 (3)
∂x ∂y
so that
∂ψ ∂ψ
u=− v=
∂y ∂x
and
dψ = 0 =⇒ ψ = C (Constant)
This function ψ is known as stream function. Thus the stream function is constant
along a streamline motion. Clearly current function is exist by virtue of the equation of
continuity and incompressibile=ity of the fluid. Hence current function exists in all type
of two-dimensional motion wheather rotational or irrotational.
∗
Corresponding author, e-mail:binodkumararyan@[Link], Telephone: +91-9304524851
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1.1 Physical Significance of stream function
Let LM be any curve in the x − y plane and ψ1 and ψ2 be stream function at L and
M respectively. Let P be an arbitrary point on LM such that arcLP = s and Q be a
neighbouring point on LM such that arcLQ = s + δs. Let θ be the angle between tangent
at P and x− axis. If u and v be the velocity components at point P , then
O T X
velocity at P along inward drawn normal PN = v cos θ − u sin θ (4)
when ψ is the stream function, then we have
∂ψ ∂ψ
u=− and v = (5)
∂y ∂x
Also from calculus
dx dy
cos θ = and sin θ = (6)
ds ds
Using equation (4), we get
flux across PQ from right to left = (v cos θ − u sin θ)δs (7)
∴ Total flux for curve LM from right to left
Z Z ∂ψ dx ∂ψ dy
= (v cos θ − u sin θ)ds = + ds
LM LM ∂x ds ∂y ds
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Z ∂ψ Zψ2 Zψ2
∂ψ ∂ψ ∂ψ
dx + ds = dx + ds = dψ = ψ1 − ψ2
LM ∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y
ψ1 ψ1
Thus a property of the current function is that the difference of its values at two points
respond the flow across any line joining the points.
Remark 1. Since the velocity normal to δs will contribute to the flux across δs where as
the velocity along tangent to δs will not contribute towards flux across δs, we have
flux across δs = δs × normal velocity
(ψ + δψ) − ψ = δs × velocity from right to left across
∂ψ
velocity from right to left across δs = (8)
∂s
Remark 2. Velocity components in terms of ψ in plane-polar coordinate (r, θ) can be
obtained by using the method in remarks (1). Let qr and qθ be velocity components in the
direction r and θ increasing respectively. Then
qr = velocity from right to left across rδθ
δψ 1 ∂ψ
= lim =
δθ→0 rδθ r ∂θ
and qθ = velocity from right to left across δr
δψ ∂ψ
= lim =
δr→0 δr ∂r
1 ∂ψ ∂ψ
Thus qr = and qθ = (9)
r ∂θ ∂r
1.2 Basic concept of complex valued function of complex vari-
able
Suppose z = x + ιy and that w = f (z) = φ(x, y) + ιψ(x, y), where x, y, φ, ψ ∈ R. Also
suppose that φ and ψ and their derivatives are everywhere continuous within a domain.
If at any point Z of its domain the derivatives dw/dz = f 0 (z) is unique, then w is is
said to be analytic at that point. If w is analytic throughout the domain is said analytic
or regular throughout the domain. If this is analytic throughout the domain then must
satisfied the necessary and sufficient condition for w
∂φ ∂ψ ∂φ ∂ψ
= and =− (10)
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x
which are known Cuchy-Riemann (C-R) equations. The function φ and ψ are known as
conjugate functions.
4
Remark 3.
∂φ ∂ψ
fx (z) = +ι
∂x ∂x
and
∂φ ∂ψ
fy (z) = +ι
∂y ∂y
∂φ ∂ψ ∂φ ∂ψ
=⇒ +ι = ι( +ι )
∂y ∂y ∂x ∂x
We get another form of C-R equation
ιfx (z) = fy (z)
z+z̄ z−z̄
Remark 4. Since z = x + ιy that implies z̄ == x − ιy, then x = 2
and y = 2ι
We
get We get another form of C-R equation
∂ 2f
=0
∂z∂ z̄
All the best...
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