Math in Food and Restaurant  Sliding Scale – an alternative pricing scheme that puts

different energy consumption levels into different

 Calories – amount of energy in food or drink “zones”
 Food Bill – total cost of food and beverages exclusive of  Continuously Varying Prices – price per kilowatt varies
taxes, service charges, and/or discounts continuously with consumption; the higher the
 Restaurant Bill / Final Bill – food bill + additional charges consumption, the higher the price per kilowatt hour
– discounts
o Factors affecting: Math in Arts
 Expanded Value Added Tax (EVAT)
 Point - a coordinate without any dimensions and area
 already included in printed prices at 12%
 Pointillism – also called divisionism and chromo-
 “price inclusive of VAT”
luminarism, the practice of applying small strokes or dots
 for easy tax collection by the BIR
of color to a surface so that from a distance they visually
 Taxes
blend together
 for collection of local government
 Line - series of points adjacent to each other
 1-3%
 Shape – has only height and width; usually defined by
 Service Charge
line; can be closed, free-form, or geometric
 NOT equal to tips
 Tessellations – tiling of a plane using one or more
 at the discretion of the restaurant
polygons without overlaps and gaps
 5-10%
o Regular Tessellations – made up of one regular
 Discounts
polygon
 cash payment discount at 5%
o Semi-regular Tessellations – made up of two or
 senior citizen discount at 20%
more different regular polygons
 Different ways:
o Irregular Tessellations – composed of regular
 factors applied on original bill
polygons that interlock without gaps or overlaps
 factors applied on intermediate result
 Symmetry – property of an object which causes it to
Math in Fitness remain invariant under certain classes of transformations
o Reflection Symmetry – if there exists a line that the
 Body Mass Index – calculates the ratio of your weight to object can be flipped over such that it looks exactly
your height the same (axis of symmetry)
 WHR = waist / hip circumference – measure the ratio of o Rotational Symmetry – if it looks unchanged after
waist to hip circumference being turned by some specific amount less than a
 Lean Body Mass – total weight of person’s bone and 360-degree spin (point of symmetry)
muscles minus their fat weight  Perspectives – the art and mathematics of realistically
 Body Fat Percentage – percentage of fat in a person’s depicting three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional
body weight plane. Is either one-point, two-point, or three-point
 Basal Metabolic Rate – the minimum number of calories based on its vanishing point.
your organs need to perform basic and life-sustaining  Vitruvian Man – Da Vinci; showed the relationship
functions between the human body and geometry
 Heart Rate – how fast your heart should beat during  Polyhedra – a three-dimensional figure made up of sides
cardiovascular exercise called faces, each face being a polygon
 Timekeeping – precise time monitoring  Golden Ratio – special number found by dividing a line
into two parts so that the longer part divided by the
Socialized Pricing
smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by
 Socialized Pricing – a pricing structure where lower the longer part. symbolized by the Greek letter phi Ф
prices are charged to the poor than to the non-poor;  Fibonacci Sequence – integer in the infinite sequence of
prices increase with quantity which the first two terms are 1 and 1 and each
 Multiple Flat Rates – the set of customers is partitioned succeeding term is the sum of the two immediately
into disjoint subsets wherein each subset has its own flat preceding
rate  Rule of Thirds – basic guideline in photography to make
 “Sliding Scale” Pricing System – all customers are subject the image composed and well-balanced; imagine
to the same pricing scheme but it is a “sliding scale” breaking an image down into thirds hence you have 9
 Continuously-Varying Prices – prices continuously parts, the important elements are placed in the
increase with consumption to discourage huge intersection of these lines
consumption  ISO, Aperture, and Shutter Speed
 Tawad System – prices decrease as quantity increases o ISO – brighten or darken a photo. increase ISO
 Flat Rate - refers to a pricing structure that charges a number = brighter
single fixed fee for a service, regardless of usage o Shutter Speed – length of time a camera shutter is
 Single Flat Rate – there is only one flat rate for all open to expose light into the camera sensor; as you
customers increase the speed from 1/100 toward 1 second,
 Multiple Flat Rates – the set of customers is partitioned each increase multiplies the amount of light entering
into disjoint subsets; in each subset three is one flat rate the lens by a factor of 2
or price o Aperture – a hole within the lens through which light
 Surcharge – an additional charge or payment travels into the camera body
 Subsidy – a sum of money granted by the government or  F/Stops – aperture is measured in F/stops; ratio of two
a public body to assist an industry or business so that the things: diameter of aperture and focal length
price of a commodity or service may remain low or
Math in Nature
competitive
 Bilateral Symmetry - an object has two sides that are
mirror images of each other
  Radial Symmetry - there is a center point and numerous  Circle of Fifths – the relationship among the 12 tones of
lines of symmetry could be drawn the chromatic scale
 Fractals - complex patterns where each individual  Functional Harmony – rely heavily on the primary triads:
component has the same pattern as the whole object. triads built on the tonic, subdominant, and dominant
Fractals exhibit similar patterns at increasingly small  Formant – a harmonic of a note that is augmented by a
scales, also known as expanding symmetry or unfolding resonance
symmetry
 Golden Ratio (φ) - We find the golden ratio when we Insurance
divide a line into two parts so that: the whole length  Insurance – a contract, represented by a policy, in which
divided by the long part is also equal to the long part an individual or entity (insured) receives financial
divided by the short part protection or reimbursement against losses from an
 Sunflowers - fantastic because they exhibit both radial insurance company (insurer)
symmetry and Fibonacci spiral  Insurance Premium – total amount of money you pay to
 The human face is based on Phi and Golden Ratio the insurance company to get you covered
proportions. The human face abounds with examples of  Annuity – money you set aside so you can have a steady
the Golden Ratio, also known as the Golden Section or source of income later on in life
Divine Proportion.  Dividend – yearly payments taken out of the insurance
 Honeycombs - It’s more compact than square or triangle. company’s profits and paid out to policyholders
The more compact your structure, the less wax you need  Maturity Date – either get one that covers you for your
to construct the honeycomb. Wax is expensive. A bee life or for a fixed period; there is a certain date when
must consume about eight ounces of honey to produce a your policy stops covering you and pays you a lump sum
single ounce of wax. Close packing is important to amount stipulated in the contract
maximize the use of space. Hexagons fit most closely  Amount – amount of money you or your beneficiary will
together without any gaps; so hexagonal wax cells are receive in the event of your death or policy maturity
what bees create to store their eggs and larvae
 Types of Insurance
 Rainbows - optical phenomenon o Life Insurance – guarantees funds for dependents
 Aristotle - first to mathematically analyze rainbows when the insured dies
 Descartes - mathematics behind the shape of the  Term Life Insurance – includes only death
rainbow benefit
 Prism - a prism is a transparent optical element with flat,  Permanent Life Insurance – includes both death
polished surfaces that refract light. benefit and cash value account
Math in Music  Final Expense Life Insurance – covers funeral
costs
 Key Signatures – define the prevailing key of the music o Health Insurance – hospital bills, employee benefit
that follows, thus avoiding the use of accidentals for o Credit Insurance
many notes.  Credit Life Insurance – beneficiary receives
 Flat Key Signature – lowers by a semitone the pitch of payment for debt of the insured if he dies
notes on the corresponding line or space  Involuntary Unemployment Credit Insurance –
 Sharp Key Signature – raises by a semitone the pitch of covers minimum monthly credit card payment
notes on the corresponding line or space on behalf of the insured if he is laid off
 Time Signatures – define the meter of the music  Credit Disability Insurance – covers minimum
 Meter – a regular, recurring pattern of strong and weak monthly credit card payment on behalf of the
beats. This recurring pattern of durations is identified at insured if he is medically disabled
the beginning of a composition by a meter signature o Property Insurance – provides compensation for
 Metric Structure – includes meter, tempo, and all damage and theft
rhythmic o Political Risk Insurance – reduces impact of financial
 Compound Duple Drum Pattern – divides each of two loss caused by government-related matters
beats into three o Title Insurance – protects the land owner from
 Simple Triple Drum Pattern – divides each of three beats double titling, forgery, etc.
into two o Casualty Insurance – addresses liabilities that occur
 Simple Quadruple Drum Pattern – divides each of four under hazards
beats into two  Actuarial Science – includes mathematical techniques to
 Simple Meter – each beat of the bar divides naturally measure risks, estimate losses, develop rate-making
 Compound Meter – each beat of the bar divides formulas, give concise expressions to the many variables
naturally into three equal parts entering into underwriting decisions
 Rhythm – any regular recurring motion, symmetry; a  Statistical Decision Making – involves probability
movement marked by the regulated succession of strong  Marketing Research – includes statistical sampling
and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions techniques to solve marketing-related problems of
 Tempo – the speed or pace of a given piece insurance
 Scale – any set of musical notes ordered by fundamental  Utility Analysis – permits a systematic analysis of the
frequency or pitch economic rationale of insurance buying
 Chromatic Scale – a musical scale with twelve pitches, as  Mathematical Models – an estimate of the results of
a result in 12-tone equal temperament decisions affected by interrelated variables
 Frequency Ratios – the size of an interval between two
notes may be measured by the ratio of their frequencies. Stocks
 Harmony – considers the process by which the  Stock Market – place where you can buy and sell shares
composition of individual sounds, or superpositions of of stock of a publicly listed company
sounds, usually this means simultaneously occurring  Trading Participants (brokers) – select representatives
frequencies, pitches or chords. who can directly buy and sell
  Shares of Stock – represent ownership of a company the efficiency of an investment or to compare the
 Sole Proprietorship – one share of stock owned by the efficiency of a number of different investments.
founder of the company  Profit Margin – 1/3 of the average pre-tax profit margin
 Corporations – multiple shares which can be owned by goes to the company and 2/3 to the franchisee.
different people
Math in Gambling
 Publicly Listed Company – a business that offers its
shares of stock to the public  Gambling – betting on chance for certain benefits
 Philippine Stock Exchange – result of the merging of the  Gambler’s Fallacy – the mistake of thinking that the
Manile SE Inc and the Makati SE Inc outcome of a random event is influenced by outcomes of
 Indices – a numeric representation of the movements in prior events when in reality, each event stands on its own
a stock market; measure of the market’s performance  Dependent Events – transpires if the occurrence of one
 Inflation – general increase of the prices of goods event makes the other event more or less likely to occur
 Stocks – shares or equity; one of the two major money-  Probability – the chance that a certain event will happen
raising options of companies when entering financial in a given situation; the probability of an event is always
markets a number between 0 and 1
 Primary Market – bought directly from the company  Odds – the ratio of the number of ways something can
 Secondary Market – stockholder occur to the number of ways it cannot occur
 Types of Stock: Common Stock & Preferred Stock  And – the outcome has to satisfy both conditions at the
 Bull Market – when prices trend upwards same time
 Bear Market – prices trend downwards  Or – the outcome has to satisfy one condition, the other,
 Dividends – share in the company’s profits or both, at the same time
 Market Value – the current price of a stock at which it  Expected Value – predicted value of a variable, weighed
can be sold average of how much a bettor can win or lose per bet
 Par Value – the per share amount as stated on the placed
company certificate.  American Roulette – there is a wheel featuring red and
 Dividend per Share – ratio of the dividends to the black slots that have numbers from 1 to 36, together
number of shares with one and two green zero slots
 Capital Gains / Appreciation – increase in the value of  Slot Machine - machine randomly chooses a combination
stock of symbols
 Total Return – sum of dividends and appreciation  Permutation – arrangement of objects in a definite order
 Combination – the grouping of objects not necessarily in
Franchising
a definite order
 Franchising – a method for expanding a business and  Variance – the difference between the expected
distributing goods and services through a licensing advantage (outcome) and the actual results produced
relationship  Standard Deviation – how often the outcome will deviate
 Franchisor – owner of the business; in charge of securing from the standard
the business trademark, managing the business concept,  N – Zero (N0) – the number of hands required to hit the
and providing the know-hows of the business goal of being ahead by one standard deviation
 Franchisee – the third party being licensed to operate a  Blackjack – a gambling card game in which players try to
business or distribute goods and/or services using the acquire cards with a face value as close as possible to 21
franchisor’s business name and systems, in exchange for without going over
a fee; obligated to carry out the services for which the  Gambling Theory – structured approach to gambling in
franchisor is known for the attempt to produce a profit
 Franchising Agreement – a legal document which details  Martingale Betting System – the gambler doubles his bet
the rights and obligations of the franchisor and the after every loss, so that the first win would recover all
franchisee previous losses plus win a profit equal to the original
 Franchise Packages – the sum total of the intellectual stake.
property and practical assistance the franchisor provides  Kelly Criterion – used to determine the optimal size of a
to franchises series of bets in order to maximize the logarithm of
 Types of Franchising wealth
o Business Format Franchise – the franchise
Psychology in Mathematics
distributes the franchisor’s products and services
under the franchisor’s trademark, as well as  Dyscalculia – condition where a person has difficulty in
implements the franchisor’s format and procedure learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty
of conducting the business in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate
o Product/Distribution Franchise – The franchisor is numbers, performing mathematical calculations and
responsible for providing the product and the learning facts in mathematics
franchisee (distributor) is then able to sell the  Number Sense – refers to a child’s fluidity and flexibility
products with numbers, the sense of what numbers mean and an
o Management Franchise – form of service agreement ability to perform mental mathematics and to look at the
whereby the franchisee provides the management world and make comparisons
expertise, format, and/or procedure for conducting  Savant Syndrome – persons with serious
the business neurodevelopmental disorders notably autism spectrum
o Job Franchise – a home-based or low investment disorders or brain injuries, have some “island of genius”
franchise that is taken up by a person who wants to which stands in marked, incongruous contrast to overall
start a small business alone handicap
 Return on Investment – a performance measure used to  Math Anxiety – is an intense emotional feeling of anxiety
evaluate the efficiency of an investment or to compare that people have about their ability to understand and do
mathematics; fear of math
  Arithmophobia / Numerophobia – fear of numbers
o Triskaidekaphobia – fear of 13
o Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia – fear of 666
o Octophobia – fear of 8
 Spina Bifida – a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder
recognized during gestation or at birth linked with high
incidence of math difficulties by school-age with
sufficient development of general cognitive abilities and
reading
 Daniel Tammet – has the ability to see and feel numbers,
visualized in a 3D shape with unique colors and textures AMORTIZATION
 Hardy-Ramanujan Number – smallest number  refers to the process of allocating the cost of an
expressible as a sum of two cubes in two different ways intangible asset over a period of time.
[1729]  It also refers to the repayment of loan principal over
Math in Medicine time.

 Body Temperature – measure of the body’s ability to nasearch ko:

generate and get rid of heat
 Thermometer – instrument used to show body
temperature in either Celsius or Fahrenheit
 Heart Rate – number of times a person’s heart beats per  A = payment Amount per period
minute; same as pulse rate (how many times per minute  P = initial Principal (loan amount)
the arteries expand and contract in response to the  r = interest rate per period
pumping action of the heart)  n = total number of payments or periods
o Tachycardia – heart rate is too fast (over 100 BPM)
o Bradycardia – heart rate is too slow (below than 60 bigay ni sir:
BPM)
 Maximum Heart Rate – highest heart rate achieved L∙ m
during maximal exercise and generally decreases as you A=
1
age 1−
 Target Heart Rate – desired range of heart when (1+ m)t
exercising in order to gain the most benefits and improve
the heart’s health  L = original loan
 Respiratory Rate – number of breaths a person takes per  m = % interest rate / month
minute  t = no. of months needed to fully pay the loan, no. of
 Blood Pressure – force that the heart uses to move blood monthly amortizations needed
throughout the circulatory system  A = amount of the monthly amortization
 Systolic BP – the highest pressure when your heart beats **same lang naman
and pushes the blood around your body
 Diastolic BP – the lowest pressure when your heart sample:
relaxes between beats
 Sphygmomanometer – device used to measure blood loan = 100,000
pressure 12 months, 15% per year compounded monthly
Math in Technology 0.15
100,000∙
 Technology – the means or activity by which man seeks 12
A=
to change or manipulate his environment 1
 Binary System – only uses 0 and 1 1−
0.15 12
 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz – invented binary system (1+ )
 Logarithms – logarithmic exponents simplify complex 12
mathematical calculations, so they are useful for = 9025.83
computers and their programmers
 Algorithms – procedure or formula for solving a problem, AMORTIZATION TABLE
based on conducting a sequence of specified actions
 data table that illustrates the process of paying off a loan,
with details for every payment. For each month, the
table provides your loan balance, interest charges on
COMPOUND INTEREST your loan, and the amount of principal that you pay off
 addition of interest to the principal sum of a loan or sample zzz:
deposit
Month 1. Amt 2. 3. Amt at 4. Monthly 5. Amt
due at Interest the end installment due after
the start due for of the (amortization) installment
of the the month
month month
1 100,000 1250 101250 9025.83 92224.17
2 92224.17 1152.80 93376.97 9025.83 84351.14

[sundan yung naka-assign na numbers lol]

1) amt due at the start of the month = [5]

2) interest due for the month = [1] x [2]

3) amt at the end of the month = [1] + [2]

4) monthly installment = yung sinolve sa taas

5) at due after installment = [3] – [4]