COURSE MODULE TAGOLOAN Community College
MODULE WEEK NO.2
Baluarte, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental
[Link]. (08822)740-835/(088)5671-215
College of Arts & Sciences
GEC 3: The Contemporary World
First Semester of A.Y. 2021-2022
Introduction
This module will introduce you to the evolution of “ Globalization” in relation to the periods in
our history. You will also thoroughly understand the emergence of globalization by examining its
impact on varying periods & how it contributed on today’s globalization.
Rationale
Understand the history of Globalization by knowing when & where did it started & how it has
affected the modern era.
Intended Learning Outcomes
A. Classify different periods of globalization
B. Understand the history or origin of globalization concept.
C. Explain the significance of its development to the modern world.
Learning
Classifying Globalization through its contributions throughout history.
1
Developed by Mary Ann Arcamo
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.2
Discussion
Periods of Globalization
Prehistoric Period - ( 10 000 BC )
[Link] Nayan Chanda is the founder and editor-in-chief of YaleGlobal Online, an online magazine that publishes
articles about globalisation. The magazine launched in 2001
Nayan Chanda (2007) a known writer claimed that globalization is a process of ever growing
interconnectedness and interdependence that has actually began thousands of years ago. Since human began
to move and migrated from Africa which he believed to be the starting point of globalization, people had
initiated countless ways to reconnect &/or integrate with their fellows. These people were pretty much
preoccupied with hunting as they were once hunters, warriors & poachers. They later extended territories in
search for food or establish new areas for hunting and became traders, adventurers & explorers themselves.
Because finding food is an essential aspect for human survival, people managed to adjust and suit their
activities in consonance with their ever changing environment. This unique attributes of human flexibility &
resiliency led to the shaping &/or reshaping of the world in which they live in. For Chanda(2007),the rise of
societies basically started from the need for more food which encourages the beginning of globalization and
still continues even to this day with increasing speed and ease. In the end, globalization—started from the
lone adventurer carving out a new trade route to the expanding ambitions of great empires—is the product of
myriad aspirations and apprehensions that define just about every aspect of our lives: what we eat, wear, ride,
or possess is the product of thousands of years of human aspirations, conflicts and suffering across the globe.
Chanda (2007) reviewed and illustrated the economic and technological forces at play in globalization today
and concludes with a thought-provoking discussion of how we can and should embrace an inevitably global
interconnectedness.
Human Interconnection started in Africa in ancient period.
People were preoccupied with Hunting ( hunters, poachers fruit gatherers )
The need for more food / beginning of the spread of humanity
Rise of societies & civilization due to the adaption of humans towards their environment.
Climate, seasons & geography plays an important role in the dispersion of human population that
ultimately led to globalization.
2
Developed by Mary Ann Arcamo
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.2
Early Modern Period - (3500 BC – 1500 A.D)
Young academy of [Link] , Cátia Antunes is Associate Professor of Economic and Social History at Leiden
University. She is the author of Globalisation in the Early Modern Period (2004)
There are a lot of studies devoted to globalization. Academics, politicians, and activists had been fascinated
with this phenomenon ever since. Among with this undertaking was the study conducted by Catia Antunes
(2004) of Leiden University. Her book focused entirely on the early modern period of globalization. Based on
her assessment, the exchange of goods & services, the formation of military and political relationships, and
the migrations of people is something that is not new in the history of the world. This process of exchange
was highly evident particularly in the “Early Modern Period” where massive discovery, great expansion &
technological innovation was highly evident. Europeans, Asians, Africans, and Americans established lasting
contacts through trade, labour, and cultural exchanges. The main catalyst was the opening of European ports
situated in Amsterdam and Lisbon to name a few. These ports were engaged in local, regional and
intercontinental trade, credit, investment and labour networks. Business and diplomacy were vital for a
dynamic socio-economic relationship between countries during that period. In addition, merchants, economic
agents, representatives and diplomats were the true agents of expansive globalisation in the Early Modern
Period (Antunes,2004).
I. The Silk Road ( Archaic Globalisation )
[Link] [Link]
3
Developed by Mary Ann Arcamo
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.2
One early form of global engagement also called “Archaic globalization” could be traced back in the ancient
times of trading made possible by the opening of the Silk road. Ancient silk road which stretched across the
lands of Asia covering most of China were not just a mere geographical route but a good entry point in the
exchange of technology, art, culture, religion and philosophy during this period. Silk road as it has been
called owed its name from a well known commodity produced in China which is the silk. Aside from the high
value attributed to its features, silk even became a currency which was widely sought out in the whole of
central Asia and to the adjacent countries as well. Because of its popularity it had attracted many merchants
around the world taking on the route to participate on trading activities. Silk roads were conduits of
commerce, barter, and trade in the early modern times Chong (2018). As a result, various languages, religions
& traditions were transmitted unconditionally along with this activity. The traders exchanged not only their
priced goods but as well as their cultural practices towards others.
II. Age of Exploration Period ( Columbian exchange/ Boxer Codex )
Claude Lorrain, a seaport at the height of mercantilism. [Link]
When political barriers heightened and land travels were more constricted and limited, people’s drive to
explore the rest of the world, has not even stopped but offered new possibilities instead in the form of
navigation & sea exploration. Indeed it is part of human nature to find other ways to facilitate connections
and this time its known as the Columbian Exchange . Patterned from the name of the great explorer himself,
Christopher Columbus’ discoveries of the “New World” had brought many changes to the land he
discovered. As they traversed the Atlantic, they brought with them plants, animals, and diseases that changed
lives and landscapes on both sides of the ocean. Europeans expanded their market reach into the colonial
sphere, devising a new economic policy to ensure profitability. Columbus landed in the Americas and opened
the gate of period of exploration and colonization. After him, the motivations of European colonialism
expanded & has been carried on around the three G’s: God, gold, and glory. In addition, colonization was
made easier through technological innovations on a larger scale of trade networks between the Old World and
the New World. Initial contact between native and European colonizers began through a simple cultural and
biological exchanges yet later on translated into a greater idea of capitalism. Since then colonization
disrupted a lot in the ecosystems by domesticating animals and/ or revolutionizing agriculture. In summary,
columbian exchange facilitated the move of commodities, people, and diseases across the Atlantic and to the
rest of the world.
III. Industrial Revolution ( 1800’s )
4
Developed by Mary Ann Arcamo
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.2
Photo by [Link] [Link]
As the world is facing expansions and agricultural saturations, the rise of industry encouraged productivity
and mass production later resulted into global transformations known as Industrial Revolution. The invention
of the “steam engine” had been a breakthrough in this process of economic development. It all started in
Great Britain where agricultural sector came into its full potential. As population increased, so as the need for
commodities as well. In response, industries were established to provide and sustain production functions and
thereby creating more labours available for the people. This rapid change encouraged the influx of the people
towards the cities seeking factory works with no knowledge or no industrial skills at all. Since newer
economic tools were used, massive productions resulted but rampant problems of low wages, labour unions,
unpleasant working conditions and economic inequality was seen as its downfall. In the end, although this
period boosted productivity, rampant social injustices created a lot of havoc in the society. Another bad effect
of this period was seen on the environment. In fact, air pollution and climate change disruptions are said to
have started during this period. Dark smoke combustion released from the factories are evident of carbon
overloading which was the effect of using coal & iron to power plants & factories.
Rise of industry, new economic tools
steam engines, machineries.
Increased productivity and mass production
Low wages, labour unions, unpleasant working conditions, economic
inequality
Great Britain was the origin of this revolution.
Expansion / sustained large population / boosted trade
Fewer farm workers were needed
Creation of steam engines ( uses coal & iron )
More factories, inventions, mass productions ,influx of people on cities
MODERN ERA ( 20TH CENTURY – 1900’S )
The Rise of Capitalism & Communism
5
Developed by Mary Ann Arcamo
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.2
The open [Link]
This period of globalization was focused on the American diplomacy and can be traced back to the post-civil
war era where internationalization and Americanization emerged as an ideology and expressions of power.
After the World War I, international economy came into being resting mostly on free trade and capital
markets. It was in the midst of this first international industrial economy that the United States rode to world
power on the strength of its economic muscle and competed with Europeans, spurred on by production and
technological inventions. With the varying social, economic & political inequalities happening around the
world this modern period also brought new opportunities and alternative routes for development and
interconnections. With the highly synchronized and integrated systems of international connections, this
period did not experience revolutionary form of globalization but witnessed instead a new form of
developments specifically on the aspect of communications and transportations, greater volume of world
economic connections that indicated the influence of globalization on American power, diplomacy, and the
economy. On the other hand, the rise of the communist parties on the other side of the globe were also
imminent balancing the hegemonic powers imposed by the capitalist world. Because of this, movement
toward globalization occurred, nascent and incomplete and interrupted by events of the twentieth century
competition between ideologies supporting Democracy & Communism. Thus, it is only fair to argue that
globalization offered a new paradigm into the society & to the whole world during this period.
American War / Rise of Democracy & Communism
Increase in Technology / Great Depression
American Hegemony / Cold war ( Fall of the Berlin Wall )
Post Modern Era – Present
6
Developed by Mary Ann Arcamo
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.2
Photo [Link]
In this current period and beyond, a lot had been made and formulated in the aspects of international
relations. International organizations had been created and multinational corporations played crucial roles in
the facilitations of connections and developments. International policies are highly given due emphasis on
local or domestic governance & the increasing uniformity in systems, processes and way of life is highly
evident throughout the world. Regional groupings and alliances are also on the rise. So much had happened
on globalization on the past and on the present. For the question on where it will lead us through in the
future.....actually no one really knows. The rest of globalization is yet to unfold and will continue to exist as
long as people continue to live & interact with each other .
Shared video links
Shared Links :
[Link]
[Link]/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/old-and-new-worlds-collide/a/the-columbian-
exchange-ka
[Link]
[Link]#ixzz6X2LsvzIg
Assignment
Expository Text : Annotating Globalization in History
In this exercise you are going to expound your understanding with regards to the evolution of globalization in
our history & how it significantly affects your way of living in the modern world. Based on the following
discussions answer the following questions in an essay format through threads or discussion forums.
A. Which of the aforementioned periods on the history of globalization you find most appealing &
contributed a lot on today’s globalization?
B. Was the results /effects advantageous (opportunity) or disadvantageous
( catastrophe) to our modern society ? why ?
After answering the essay questions submit your assignment with the following requirements:
a. Limit your text with 100 words only. ( one paragraph )
7
Developed by Mary Ann Arcamo
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.2
b. Cite what is the essential only / go direct to the point.
c. No copy paste answers shall be tolerated / accepted.
d. Please submit your assignment according to instructions.
e. Refer to the essay rubric below for guidance of constructions.
Rubrics
Please take note of the following Rubrics as a guide to your submissions.
Essay Rubric guide ( Total of 20 points )
Exemplary( 20 pts ) Accomplished (19 pts ) Emerging( 18 pts ) Beginning( 17pts )
Resources and Additional Resources
Aldama,P.K.(2018). The contemporary world, Quezon City Philippines ,Rex Printing Company,Inc.
Additional Resources:
Atunes,C.(2004 ). Globalisation in the Early Modern Period: The Economic Relationship Between Amsterdam and
Lisbon, 1640-1705
Chanda,N.(2007). Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers, and Warriors Shaped
Globalization .[Link]
Chong, A.(2018). The Silk Roads: Globalization before neoliberalization: Introduction to the special issue, Vol. 3, Issue
3, Asian Journal of comparative politics @ [Link]
8
Developed by Mary Ann Arcamo
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.2
9
Developed by Mary Ann Arcamo