Rizal Technological University

College of Education
Department of Social Studies TYPES OF FAMILY

Module No: 1  NUCLEAR FAMILY

Objectives: Nuclear family, also called elementary family, in

At the end of the lesson the learners are sociology and anthropology, a group of people
able to: who are united by ties of partnership and
 *To understand the Filipino Customs and parenthood and consisting of a pair of adults and
Belief from the past and the modern their socially recognized children. Children in a
present. nuclear family may be the couple's biological or
 *To analyzed the Filipino Society The adopted offspring.
Age of Social Media and The Status of
Social Morality  EXTENDED FAMILY
 *To explain the Family Code of the
Extended families consist of several generations
Philippines.
of people and can include biological parents and
TOPIC (S); their children as well as in-laws, grandparents,
aunts, uncles, and cousins. Extended family
THE FILIPINO FAMILY CUSTOMS AND members usually live in the same residence
BELIEFS IN THE PAST AND THE where they pool resources and undertake familial
MODERN PRESENT responsibilities.
 Family
 SINGLE PARENT
Family is considered to be the foundation of
social life for most Filipinos. The nuclear family is Single parent families are comprised of a
the core family unit, however bonds are often parent/caregiver and one or more dependent
tight knit among extended family members. children without the presence and support of a
Indeed, people may be encouraged to have a spouse or adult partner who is sharing the
relationship with their aunts and uncles that is responsibility of parenting. A grandparent family
just as strong as the relationship with their is a family with grandchildren and no parents
parents. Close familial relationships often go present in the intervening generation.
beyond one’s genetic connections or bloodlines
 GRANDPARENT FAMILY
to incorporate distant relatives, close neighbours
or friends. For example, it is common to hear A grandparent family is a family with
people refer to distant relatives or non-relatives grandchildren and no parents present in the
with familial terms such as ‘tita’ (aunt), ‘tito’ intervening generation.
(uncle), ‘lola’ (grandmother) and ‘lolo’
(grandfather). One instance is when a grandchild  CHILDLESS FAMILY
refers to their grandparent’s friend or cousin as
Childlessness is the state of not having children.
lola or lolo.
Childlessness may have personal, social or

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political significance. Childlessness, which may FILIPINO BELIEFS
be by choice or circumstance, is distinguished
from voluntary childlessness, which is voluntarily Many Filipinos hold the belief that each family
having no children, and from antinatalism, member has several duties and responsibilities
wherein childlessness is promoted. they must uphold. Observing one’s duties and
responsibilities is important in order to correctly
 STEPFAMILY respect others and to ensure harmony among
family members.
A stepfamily, blended family, bonus family, or
instafamily is a family where at least one parent
has children that are not biologically or adoptive
The Filipino culture and values are just among
related to the other spouse. Either parent, or
the good things that are appreciated by many
both, may have children from previous
people from across the world. In the Philippines,
relationships or marriages.
family is valued so much. Children live with their
parents until they are married. The Filipino family
culture is something that many people applaud
Filipino Customs and Traditions because the locals value family time so much.
Our culture is a big reflection of our great and Some other noteworthy and great Filipino values
complex history. It is influenced by most of the are as follow:
people we have interacted with. A blend of the
Malayo-Polynesian and Hispanic culture with the 1. Bayanihan Filipino culture
influence from Chinese, Indians Arabs, and other 2. Before, the Filipino men used to
Asian cultures really contribute to the customs serenade (harana) a woman he was
and traditions of the Filipinos. courting.
3. Filipinos call their older siblings “ate” for
Filipino culture is unique compared to other Asian older sisters and “kuya” for older
countries, and beliefs apply every day in the life brothers to show respect.
of the Filipinos and reveal how rich and blessed 4. Hospitable
the culture the people have. 5. So much respect for the elderlies
6. Pagmamano or kissing the elder’s head
on the forehead
Filipino customs 7. Religious
8. Palabra de Honor
Having fondness for family reunions during 9. Pamamanhikan
secular and religious holidays such as Christmas, 10. Pakikisama
New Year's eve, All Saints' Day, Holy Week,
Fiestas, homecomings, birthdays, weddings, DATING/MARRIAGE
graduations, baptisms, funerals etc. is evidence
In the Philippines, dating often comes in stages,
that Filipino people valued not only our cultural
beginning with courtship. Typically, a man will try
tradition but the spirit of our family.
to impress a female by courting her. If the woman

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considers the man to be a good suitor, they will and help people to know the candidate they
continue dating. Individuals have a significant voted for.
level of freedom in terms of choosing marriage
partners, although the choice of a spouse may be Social media in our society. Most Filipino are
influenced by the preferences of the family. In aware of the information that they gathered on
some families, it is expected for the prospective social media. In our society technology changes
partner to gain approval of their potential in-laws. social media because it helps to improve
However, in urban areas, dating and marriage communication and increases the use of
practices tend to be less conservative and are networking sites. It helps us give updates on
becoming more influenced by the West. every event or every occasion around the world.

Social media is a community. Social media has a

large impact on our community it can help people
The Filipino Society (The Age of to build a relationship and help to have a
Social Media and The Status of connection.
Social Morality) Social media in a personal relationship. This one
has so much impact on every person it has a big
The Social Media Age
role in why many of us find someone because of
Social media are all around us. For many, they the use of social media. Many Filipino got
are the first things to look at upon waking and the married to foreigners because of communication
last thing to do before sleeping. Integrated through the use of networking sites, have a
seamlessly into our private and public lives, they conversation, talk to each other, and have an
entertain, inform, connect (and sometimes intimate bond using this online chatting.
disconnect) us.
Social morality
They’re more than just social though. In addition
Fairness is one basis of law, which helps to
to our experiences as everyday users,
govern society and to control individual behavior.
understanding social media also means asking
Social morality considers whether an action
questions about our society, our culture and our
threatens society's well-being.
economy. What we find is dense connections
between platform infrastructures and our Most people tend to act morally and follow
experience of the social, shaped by power, societal guidelines. Morality often requires that
shifting patterns of participation, and a widening people sacrifice their own short-term interests for
ideology of connection. the benefit of society. People or entities that are
indifferent to right and wrong are considered
Effects of Social Media
amoral, while those who do evil acts are
Social media in politics. In the Philippines, social considered immoral.
media has a big factor that can help a politician
While some moral principles seem to transcend
to be known and promote their campaign. It can
time and culture, such as fairness, generally
boost their name through the use of social media
speaking, morality is not fixed. Morality describes

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the particular values of a specific group at a A group of persons living together and
specific point in time. Historically, morality has having a shared commitment to a domestic
been closely connected to religious traditions, but relationship.
today its significance is equally important to the
secular world. For example, businesses and Articles 96 and 124 of the Family Code discuss
government agencies have codes of ethics that conjugal property.
employees are expected to follow. They specify, among others, that the
Some philosophers make a distinction between administration of community property belongs to
morals and ethics. But many people use the both spouses jointly: “In case of disagreement,
terms morals and ethics interchangeably when the husband’s decision shall prevail, subject to
talking about personal beliefs, actions, or recourse to the court by the wife for proper
principles. For example, it’s common to say, “My remedy, which must be availed of within five
morals prevent me from cheating.” It’s also years from the date of the contract implementing
common to use ethics in this sentence instead. such decision.

So, morals are the principles that guide individual “In the event that one spouse is
conduct within society. And, while morals may incapacitated or otherwise unable to participate
change over time, they remain the standards of in the administration of the common properties,
behavior that we use to judge right and wrong. the other spouse may assume sole powers of
administration. These powers do not include
disposition or encumbrance without authority of
the court or the written consent of the other
FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES spouse. In the absence of such authority or
Family is defined as “one or more consent, the disposition or encumbrance shall be
persons occupying a single dwelling unit, void. However, the transaction shall be construed
provided that unless all members are related by as a continuing offer on the part of the
blood or marriage, no such family shall contain consenting spouse and the third person, and may
over five persons, but further provided that be perfected as a binding contract upon the
domestic servants employed on the premises acceptance by the other spouse or authorization
may be housed on the premises without being by the court before the offer is withdrawn by
counted as a family or families." Greene County either or both offerors.”
v. N. Shore Resort, 238 Ga. App. 236, 237 (Ga.
Ct. App. 1999)
THE FAMILY CODE OF THE
Generally a family can mean the following: PHILIPPINES
A group of persons who are connected The Family Code of the Philippines
by blood or by affinity or through law within two or (Executive Order no. 209) was signed into law by
three generations. then President Corazon Aquino on July 6, 1987.
A group that consists of Parents and The basic law covering persons and family
their children. relations governs marriages, legal separations,

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property relations between spouses, and parental
authority, among others.
TITLE III

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS BETWEEN

MARRIAGE HUSBAND AND WIFE

Chapter 1. Requisites of Marriage Art. 68. The husband and wife are
obliged to live together, observe mutual love,
Article 1. Marriage is a special contract of respect and fidelity, and render mutual help and
permanent union between a man and a woman support. (109a)
entered into in accordance with law for the
establishment of conjugal and family life. It is the Art. 69. The husband and wife shall fix the family
foundation of the family and an inviolable social domicile. In case of disagreement, the court shall
institution whose nature, consequences, and decide.
incidents are governed by law and not subject to
stipulation, except that marriage settlements may TITLE IV
fix the property relations during the marriage PROPERTY RELATIONS BETWEEN HUSBAND
within the limits provided by this Code. (52a) AND WIFE
Art. 2. No marriage shall be valid, unless these Art. 74. The property relationship between
essential requisites are present: husband and wife shall be governed in the
(1) Legal capacity of the contracting parties who following order:
must be a male and a female; and (1) By marriage settlements executed before the
(2) Consent freely given in the presence of the marriage;
solemnizing officer. (53a) (2) By the provisions of this Code; and
Art. 3. The formal requisites of marriage are: (3) By the local custom. (118)
(1) Authority of the solemnizing officer;

(2) A valid marriage license except in the cases Section 3. Charges and Obligations of the
provided for in Chapter 2 of this Title; and Absolute Community
(3) A marriage ceremony which takes place with Art. 94. The absolute community of property shall
the appearance of the contracting parties before be liable for:
the solemnizing officer and their personal
declaration that they take each other as husband (1) The support of the spouses, their common
and wife in the presence of not less than two children, and legitimate children of either spouse;
witnesses of legal age. (53a, 55a). however, the support of illegitimate children shall
be governed by the provisions of this Code on
Support;

5
(2) All debts and obligations contracted during (10) Expenses of litigation between the spouses
the marriage by the designated administrator- unless the suit is found to be groundless.
spouse for the benefit of the community, or by
both spouses, or by one spouse with the consent
of the other; Section 3. Conjugal Partnership Property
(3) Debts and obligations contracted by either Art. 116. All property acquired during the
spouse without the consent of the other to the marriage, whether the acquisition appears to
extent that the family may have been benefited; have been made, contracted or registered in the
(4) All taxes, liens, charges and expenses, name of one or both spouses, is presumed to be
including major or minor repairs, upon the conjugal unless the contrary is proved. (160a)
community property; Art. 117. The following are conjugal partnership
(5) All taxes and expenses for mere preservation properties:
made during marriage upon the separate (1) Those acquired by onerous title during the
property of either spouse used by the family; marriage at the expense of the common fund,
(6) Expenses to enable either spouse to whether the acquisition be for the partnership, or
commence or complete a professional or for only one of the spouses;
vocational course, or other activity for self- (2) Those obtained from the labor, industry, work
improvement; or profession of either or both of the spouses;
(7) Ante-nuptial debts of either spouse insofar as (3) The fruits, natural, industrial, or civil, due or
they have redounded to the benefit of the family; received during the marriage from the common
(8) The value of what is donated or promised by property, as well as the net fruits from the
both spouses in favor of their common legitimate exclusive property of each spouse;
children for the exclusive purpose of (4) The share of either spouse in the hidden
commencing or completing a professional or treasure which the law awards to the finder or
vocational course or other activity for self- owner of the property where the treasure is
improvement; found;
(9) Ante-nuptial debts of either spouse other than (5) Those acquired through occupation such as
those falling under paragraph (7) of this Article, fishing or hunting;
the support of illegitimate children of either
spouse, and liabilities incurred by either spouse (6) Livestock existing upon the dissolution of the
by reason of a crime or a quasi-delict, in case of partnership in excess of the number of each kind
absence or insufficiency of the exclusive property brought to the marriage by either spouse; and
of the debtor-spouse, the payment of which shall
(7) Those which are acquired by chance, such as
be considered as advances to be deducted from
winnings from gambling or betting. However,
the share of the debtor-spouse upon liquidation
losses therefrom shall be borne exclusively by
of the community; and
the loser-spouse. (153a, 154a, 155, 159).

6
 vocational course or other activity for self-
improvement; and
Section 4. Charges Upon and Obligations of the
Conjugal Partnership (9) Expenses of litigation between the spouses
unless the suit is found to groundless.
Art. 121. The conjugal partnership shall be liable
for: TITLE V

(1) The support of the spouse, their common THE FAMILY

children, and the legitimate children of either
spouse; however, the support of illegitimate CHAPTER 1. THE FAMILY AS AN INSTITUTION
children shall be governed by the provisions of Art. 149. The family, being the foundation of the
this Code on Support; nation, is a basic social institution which public
(2) All debts and obligations contracted during policy cherishes and protects. Consequently,
the marriage by the designated administrator- family relations are governed by law and no
spouse for the benefit of the conjugal partnership custom, practice or agreement destructive of the
of gains, or by both spouses or by one of them family shall be recognized or given effect. (216a,
with the consent of the other; 218a)

(3) Debts and obligations contracted by either Art. 50. Family relations include those:
spouse without the consent of the other to the (1) Between husband and wife;
extent that the family may have benefited;
(2) Between parents and children;
(4) All taxes, liens, charges, and expenses,
including major or minor repairs upon the (3) Among brothers and sisters, whether of the
conjugal partnership property; full or half-blood. (217a)

(5) All taxes and expenses for mere preservation

made during the marriage upon the separate
TITLE VI
property of either spouse;
PATERNITY AND FILIATION
(6) Expenses to enable either spouse to
commence or complete a professional, CHAPTER 1. LEGITIMATE CHILDREN
vocational, or other activity for self-improvement;
Art. 163. The filiation of children may be by
(7) Ante-nuptial debts of either spouse insofar as nature or by adoption. Natural filiation may be
they have redounded to the benefit of the family; legitimate or illegitimate. (n)
(8) The value of what is donated or promised by Art. 164. Children conceived or born during the
both spouses in favor of their common legitimate marriage of the parents are legitimate.
children for the exclusive purpose of
commencing or completing a professional or Children conceived as a result of artificial
insemination of the wife with the sperm of the
husband or that of a donor or both are likewise
7
legitimate children of the husband and his wife, disqualified by any impediment to marry each
provided, that both of them authorized or ratified other may be legitimated. (269a)
such insemination in a written instrument
executed and signed by them before the birth of Art. 178. Legitimation shall take place by a
the child. The instrument shall be recorded in the subsequent valid marriage between parents. The
civil registry together with the birth certificate of annulment of a voidable marriage shall not affect
the child. (55a, 258a) the legitimation. (270a)

Art. 165. Children conceived and born outside a Art. 179. Legitimated children shall enjoy the
valid marriage are illegitimate, unless otherwise same rights as legitimate children. (272a)
provided in this Code. (n) Art. 180. The effects of legitimation shall retroact
to the time of the child’s birth. (273a)

Chapter 3. Illegitimate Children Art. 181. The legitimation of children who died
before the celebration of the marriage shall
Art. 175. Illegitimate children may establish their benefit their descendants. (274)
illegitimate filiation in the same way and on the
same evidence as legitimate children. Art. 182. Legitimation may be impugned only by
those who are prejudiced in their rights, within
The action must be brought within the same five years from the time their cause of action
period specified in Article 173, except when the accrues. (275a)
action is based on the second paragraph of
Article 172, in which case the action may be TITLE VII
brought during the lifetime of the alleged parent. ADOPTION
(289a)
Art. 183. A person of age and in possession of
Art. 176. Illegitimate children shall use the full civil capacity and legal rights may adopt,
surname and shall be under the parental provided he is in a position to support and care
authority of their mother, and shall be entitled to for his children, legitimate or illegitimate, in
support in conformity with this Code. The legitime keeping with the means of the family.
of each illegitimate child shall consist of one-half
of the legitime of a legitimate child. Except for Only minors may be adopted, except in the cases
this modification, all other provisions in the Civil when the adoption of a person of majority age is
Code governing successional rights shall remain allowed in this Title.
in force. (287a).
In addition, the adopter must be at least sixteen
years older than the person to be adopted,
unless the adopter is the parent by nature of the
Chapter 4. Legitimated Children adopted, or is the spouse of the legitimate parent
Art. 177. Only children conceived and born of the person to be adopted. (27a, E. O. 91 and
outside of wedlock of parents who, at the time of PD 603)
the conception of the former, were not Art. 184. The following persons may not adopt:

8
(1) The guardian with respect to the ward prior to School of Business. Retrieved
the approval of the final accounts rendered upon September 27, 2021, from
the termination of their guardianship relation; [Link]
sary/morals
(2) Any person who has been convicted of a
 Sujon, Z. (n.d.). The Social Media Age.
crime involving moral turpitude;
Sage Publishing. Retrieved September
(3) An alien, except: 27, 2021, from
[Link]
(a) A former Filipino citizen who seeks to adopt a social-media-age/book259859
relative by consanguinity;  Greene County v. N. Shore Resort, 238
Ga. App. 236, 237 (Ga. Ct. App. 1999)
(b) One who seeks to adopt the legitimate child
[Link]
of his or her Filipino spouse; or
mily-code-of-the-philippines?s
(c) One who is married to a Filipino citizen and
seeks to adopt jointly with his or her spouse a
relative by consanguinity of the latter.

REFERENCES:

 Diversify. (2017). Understanding Filipino

culture. Retrieved from
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nderstanding-filipino-culture/.
 Living in the Philippines. (2016). Filipino
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 The Effect of Social Media in the
Philippines. (2018). Look Upgrade.
[Link]
the-effect-of-modernization-on-social-
media/
 Davis, B. (2020, April 14). What is the
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[Link].
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 Morals - Ethics Unwrapped. (n.d.). The
University of Texas in Austin McCombs