Software Development when a programme Is developed the programmer must fellow a. Set of S+atus stages durenig mea | System development Process: This '§ Knownias System. development fite-cycle. The program mer must follow cach of tnese stages one after the Other Into @ erro lah Manner a Problem Detinihon — Maintainance SEPIA En ont Analysis ‘ | | ‘ \ Test ng | L _ design sevelopment & _ Problem detinition Thig is the preliminar stage of SOLC (system development life cyci@); The anatyst collects data, by & using several techniques Such as mnterviews > qestanaires, ooservation e+e To gather data about the current Systera “This stage ts éraried nght after identi tying the main Information about the curr ent system -The analyst analyses edt tre tacts inord +o prepare a complete documentary cated reas!Date spedfcahon .Thig will include® the drawbacks of the issues of the current system and also benefits and new Solutions forthe new System, IWauding tne Toecbuity Study 7 Design a After the confirmation of the chent Fe forthe Fequirment Speicitication, the programmer staris designing severa) parts in the System Such as. user interfaces , database, tables etc. oa vorious techniques Suchag PbeUdacode, Situ red english, flowcharts 5 structure charts etc At the end of this Stage another docume atar called desiqn specditication I6 produced including ai Beslan parts of the new system Stru ce ‘Ch His a Graphical fepresentation of the Modulization | of fop -dow n desi ning of computer Syetems . This diagram Shows how a compuier sustem is Splitted| intdO number ot modules ANd how data +#lows In between these modules , LThere are 6everat symbols +0 USE When Ara wing a chartcondition > o—— -aata (para merers) pes. Flag indscator meer \ Di -reperxitiod Ind] ator WW pp byt tadicato- ; a ete i Pox aroGAS 7 Date | Draw a Structure cnact te raput two numb ers and output the eae 7 [renga 9, pe, Kan | hvg Nur glo numa pee [avesnge | eurpu ut | s \ pee —— Eatend the above shiagram to display tposs” at ee ismere than 7S etherwis@ display ‘fail [remne ‘Pas Jeon stair] ©93 Draw q Structyse diaqeam +ornput @& numb er and Aisplay wheather I+ 1s G pesrnve, NUMbEer om Reqntiwe number Poneysipen] _ Textegune 94. Draw q structure chart +o input 100 Numbers and Outpuk how many numbers are posttive/neqative ok j2weuT | Num Tue / Nese [ couna Posi] | count NegN um | f a the | war me | eSDate QS Draw a structure diagram +o evehpeh Input 100 dumbers and to display the count of even DUMbers and odd numbers | ea oddinum adv dro Bg. _evea ue a > sem ute Po. A Student splitted a pregramme, INTO 3 modules } to make 14 eqsy towritetne Source code He only Wrote the Following headers for 3 madules in Ppseudococale ' @ | Funerzon studvaiid (Studemts:stri ng )RETURW Boolean t EN® FUNCTION ' Lut ‘PROCEDURE Averageca! (marci : eee ae sinteger} Mork 3:10 END PROCEDURE. 1 fr 4 ‘ (D. Peoce auRe Displeytvg (Ayre Average: Beato. : PS OBND PROCEDURE ‘Coding Caevelopment Stage) Arter athe design Stage , the program mer Stats the actual development of the System bi writing the source code. Forthat: a suitable high level_programming language 1s Seiected. aeshng This Stage 1§ done to checilc wheather the progromme worts propery acco cing tothe user’s requirements without Preduang any errors - There are 3 types of errors > )) Syntax 2) Logica! | 3) Run-hme L™mese errors Occur When Programmer doesn’t abey the rules of the Pro, FaMmmin tan uagt- these errors are alWQus VISIbIe +o program mas because “the tanslator cannot ‘+ransiat & | *he Source Code Into Okject code: with syntax errors allebogicdl Ectors These errors occur when Programmer use Invalid values! Within the praqramme -mESe are bit disastrous because tne translatoe ‘cannot identity these “errors and cause unaptici pated results. Meseerrors can occur dunng the executon oF tne progcarame Which gves an unexpected hault orcrash dye +o mf the infinite loop it creates: There are Several examples of Run-time error Dwnen a Programme attempts +o divide a value b ztro. 2) When on array 19 declored for 1090 elements but only SO eements are used 3) Attempting to enter a String value toan integer Variable 2 Keter page 2%6 for +ypes of errors, tesh ng Methods and ESE featured . 1 @Ds Diqgacam 2 f A computer System con be 6eenas a finite S40te. Machine These ,Machines Con¢i6t.o+ Axed (Serot possibie States: Nth a set of IMputs or events thar. chongetne state 1 Tere are Some Symbois whith ore veed+to draw J +nis diggra re Haha C) State jsid +3 ‘ _ 1 > event . 2 ( Recursive Stat €. to > ' J Start (e) End - 6tateuniocked Locted ENseaticonn a Pash Lected Att + 40 uniocced | nserftoin [Unlocked Unloceed . | P83. [tocred | f unlocked J ; AX Attempt +o inserh coin AISP CASINGeo __ Current Stare. Event Next State ] | Gesed Temp ses above 20°, Hale Open | Halt open — |remp arops below (15°C cosed Hate open emp. rises Above 30% Ft open Futiy open Temp. crops below 25 Half open» Tomperature rises above 20°C { ciosed OR . | Temp erature Temperature tees arops below 15°C. abo ve 30°G Temperarure Arops below 25°CDate AN evsistn: system , while it75 Been being usedb tne user the system con be customixed or moditied due to Several reasons. = Based on the users requirments, there can be 3 types of maiptainance- f 1) Correchve Mantainance 2D Adaptive Maintainance— 3) Perfective Maintainance . Coccechye Maimai nance” During this stqge@sthe programmer will Identify and remove minor errofs in the System Adaphve maintainance Ths StAQe occurs If we AMY user wishes +0 up rade the System with new hardware qnd Software: PerfecHive Maintainaace THiS stage eccurs if an user wishes +o change the exsist nq System 4 imprave it’s Speed, JAECHre ACH ated 2 Fe maar +o handle new volume (of databite cycle | Watectai Model : eee = Toa_-this approach the Stages are follawed one _ “ter this the other The results from one Stage tyaréccansidered aS an input 4 the next 6rage. Tpe The arrow represents the flow ot cesy Its from one +0 the other BenePit.s * IMPAIR +0 Understand as the Btages ace dearly defined * Easy +o manage due to the fixed stages in +he model \ % | Stages are Processed and can be completed One atahmeDate ¥ Surrabig tor smailer projects Where requirements are very much understood Deawhaces ¥ Nota goo model +or comple y and long on=gaing prayects- % Cannot introduce, new requirments 19 the middle of process. + Very difficult to measure the Progress within. stages This model does not attempt 40 Stace with o@& tull Specification of requirments yinstead the Programmer Starts tne development process with & mall Subset of requirements: ~ There Are berating reviews +o. \denh ty sturth er requirement s exeoruay resuits mtne computer System Benefits 4 Better Suted for large and complicated prayects * Less costly to change the requirements 4 The development can be planned parrarely While the development '5 in progressare aN + The results are obtained cocky and Periodical # S:nce tne Sottwore 1S produced early 1 faciy ey the customers to evaiuat@ and teedback. x Me progress of Stag es can be measured accurgd dy Rapid Appicatinn Devetepmend Medel This method uses minimal Saal Just by reaving a Prototype tt 1S & Wor ing Mode et Part of Q Sotunon TN ts APProach the Models are developed in Porrarel as Prototypes and are inte grared to malice the complete product for product denver. Benetits fa ste a CaN change the Fequirernents during the development Process * Progress Can be Measured came * Reduces development time, y Productivity ‘Mcereases with teiwer- peopie ino Short me, P # Tis Method encoura teedback JOS -40-get. cuspeament a| Dcow packs | 9 buat ¥ Requires highly stile d developers > a # Suitable only FOF Systems -tnat can be modulited x Requires user inveivement. throug hou th the titecyce, + Surtable for projects requiring shorter develo pmell times + dpid 6